EP1536732A1 - Leichtes strahlenschutzmaterial für einen grossen energieanwendungsbereich - Google Patents
Leichtes strahlenschutzmaterial für einen grossen energieanwendungsbereichInfo
- Publication number
- EP1536732A1 EP1536732A1 EP04764812A EP04764812A EP1536732A1 EP 1536732 A1 EP1536732 A1 EP 1536732A1 EP 04764812 A EP04764812 A EP 04764812A EP 04764812 A EP04764812 A EP 04764812A EP 1536732 A1 EP1536732 A1 EP 1536732A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lead
- compounds
- weight
- replacement material
- lead replacement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 115
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052776 Thorium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004876 x-ray fluorescence Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 I Ta Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 28
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 6
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002591 computed tomography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium(0) Chemical compound [U] JFALSRSLKYAFGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 232Th Chemical compound [232Th] ZSLUVFAKFWKJRC-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000037182 bone density Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001739 density measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009206 nuclear medicine Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052768 actinide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001255 actinides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002583 angiography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001622 bismuth compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000747 cardiac effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000000038 chest Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002710 gonadal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002697 interventional radiology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000464 lead oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000001672 ovary Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxolead Chemical compound [Pb]=O YEXPOXQUZXUXJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001012 protector Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000115 thoracic cavity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000003606 tin compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 150000003658 tungsten compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/12—Laminated shielding materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
- G21F3/02—Clothing
- G21F3/03—Aprons
Definitions
- the invention relates to a lead replacement material for radiation protection purposes in the energy range of an X-ray tube with a voltage of 60-140 kV.
- Conventional radiation protection clothing for use in X-ray diagnostics usually contains lead or lead oxide as a protective material.
- DE 199 55 192 AI describes a method for producing a radiation protection material from a polymer as a matrix material and the powder of a high atomic number metal.
- DE 201 00 267 U1 describes a highly elastic, light, flexible, rubber-like radiation protection material, additives of chemical elements and their oxides having an atomic number greater than or equal to 50 being added to a special polymer.
- EP 0 371 699 A1 proposes a material which, in addition to a polymer as a matrix, also has elements of higher atomic numbers. A large number of metals are mentioned.
- DE 102 34 159.1 describes a lead substitute material for radiation protection purposes in the energy range of an X-ray tube with a voltage of 60-125 kV.
- the degree of weakening or the lead equivalent (International Standard IEC 61331-1, Protective devices against diagnostic medical X-radiation) of the respective material shows a sometimes very pronounced dependence on the radiation energy, which is a function of the voltage of the X-ray tube.
- lead-free materials Compared to lead, lead-free materials have a partly very different absorption behavior depending on the X-ray energy. Therefore, an advantageous combination of different elements is required to simulate the absorption behavior of lead while maximizing weight saving.
- the known radiation protection clothing made of lead-free material has a more or less strong decrease in absorption compared to lead below 70 kV and above 110 kV, in particular above 125 kV.
- a higher basis weight of the protective clothing is required for this area of the tube tension. For this reason, the area of application of commercially available lead-free radiation protective clothing is generally restricted.
- Total lead equivalent in a protective layer-like structure of a lead replacement material is understood to mean the lead equivalent of the sum of all protective layers.
- Total nominal lead equivalent means the lead equivalent to be specified by the manufacturer for personal protective equipment in accordance with DIN EN 61331-3.
- Matrix material means the backing layer for the protective materials, which can consist, for example, of rubber, latex, flexible or solid polymers.
- X-ray voltages of up to 140 kV occur.
- the object of the present invention is to use lead as radiation protection material with regard to its
- the object of the invention is achieved by a lead replacement material for radiation protection purposes in the energy sector an X-ray tube with a voltage of 60-140 kV, the lead substitute material 12-22% by weight of matrix material, 0-75% by weight of tin or tin compounds, 0-73% by weight of tungsten or tungsten compounds, 0- Contains 80 wt .-% bismuth or bismuth compounds and at most one of the components is 0 wt .-%.
- the mixture records nominal total lead equivalences of 0.25-2.0 mm.
- the lead substitute material is characterized in that it contains 12-22% by weight of matrix material, 0-39% by weight of Sn or Sn compounds, 0-60% by weight of W or W compounds and comprises 0-60% by weight of Bi or Bi compounds and at most one of the components is 0% by weight.
- the lead replacement material is characterized in that it contains 12-22% by weight of matrix material, 0-39% by weight of Sn or Sn compounds, 16-60% by weight of W or W- Compounds and 16-60 wt .-% Bi or Bi compounds.
- the lead replacement material is characterized in that it contains 12-22% by weight of matrix material, 40-60% by weight of Sn or Sn compounds, 7-15% by weight of W or W- Compounds and 7-15 wt .-% Bi or Bi compounds.
- the lead substitute material is characterized in that it additionally contains up to 40% by weight of one or more of the following elements Er, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd , Cs, Ba, I and / or their compounds and / or Csl.
- Table 1 shows the mass attenuation coefficients of lead-free protective materials outside the absorption edges at various photon energies.
- the elements to be used advantageously for the respective energy are underlined.
- the lead substitute material which additionally comprises one or more elements Er, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd, Cs, Ba, I and / or their compounds and / or Csl particularly strong increase in absorption effect achieved. In this way, the weight of the protective clothing can be significantly reduced.
- the individual elements can be compiled in accordance with Table 1 in such a way that a specific energy range is covered or that the weakening is as uniform as possible over a larger energy range.
- Table 1 the individual elements can be compiled in accordance with Table 1 in such a way that a specific energy range is covered or that the weakening is as uniform as possible over a larger energy range.
- the lead substitute material is characterized in that it additionally comprises up to 40% by weight of one or more of the following elements Ta, Hf, Lu, Yb, Tm, Th, U and / or their compounds.
- the metals Er, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd, Ba, I, Ta, Hf, Lu, Yb, Tm, Th, U can also be used for the metals Er, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu / or their compounds and / or Csl can be used with a relatively low degree of purity, as they arise as waste products.
- DIN EN 61331-3 does not allow a downward deviation from the nominal lead equivalent. Only the German version of the standard allows an exception, namely a deviation of 10% from the nominal lead equivalent. For these reasons, the aim is to aim for the lead equivalent to be as flat as possible over the energy in the case of a lead replacement material.
- a drop in the lead equivalent value below the nominal lead equivalent value or below the lower tolerance limit means that the radiation protection material cannot be used at the tube voltages in question, since the shielding effect is too low.
- the basis weight of the lead replacement material must alternatively be increased to such an extent that the permissible tolerances of DIN EN 61331-3 are met.
- an increase in the basis weight is considered disadvantageous.
- Another possibility is to limit the area of application with regard to energy or tube voltage.
- i Group A Materials with relatively low effectiveness with values of N rei ⁇ 1.2 to 1-6 mm PbGW per 0.1 kg / m 2 and a slight or negative increase of 60-80 kV. These elements or their compounds include Sn, Bi and W.
- Group B Materials with relatively high effectiveness with N rei > 1.3 mm PbGW per 0.1 kg / m 2 and a high increase of 60-80 kV.
- the energy range 60-140 kV is therefore divided into several, partly overlapping, ranges in accordance with the most common uses of X-radiation:
- Lead-free protective clothing that can only be used in a certain energy range must be marked accordingly by the manufacturer.
- the lead substitute material for nominal total lead equivalent values of 0.25-0.6 mm is characterized in that it is 12-22 wt. % Matrix material, 49-65% by weight of Sn or Sn compounds, 0-20% by weight of W or W compounds, 0-20% by weight of Bi or Bi compounds and 2-35% by weight of one or more of the elements Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd, Cs, Ba, I, Pr and / or their compounds and / or Csl.
- the energy range is preferably that of an X-ray tube of a dental X-ray device.
- the lead substitute material comprises 2-25% by weight of I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr and / or Nd and / or their compounds and / or Csl.
- Table 2 showed that Sn is the most effective of Group A elements. From group B, Gd is preferred, but Csl also led to a lead replacement material with very good properties.
- elements with a small and high increase in the lead equivalent in are advantageously selected in such a way that the courses of the lead equivalent remain as flat as possible over the entire area.
- a certain increase at 80 and 100 kV cannot be avoided physically.
- One or more elements or their group A compounds can therefore be optimally combined with one or more elements or their group B compounds, the selection being based on the efficiency of the shielding, on the accessibility of the respective element or its connection, and on the lead equivalent is as constant as possible.
- the proportion of the A elements or their compounds is dependent on that of the B elements or their compounds. If the proportion of a B element is increased, the relative weight proportion of an A element with opposite energy behavior must also be increased significantly in order to keep the course of the lead equivalent over the energy as flat as possible.
- the proportion of Sn or Bi should rise above 40% by weight in order to ensure a low energy dependence.
- the lead substitute material for radiation protection purposes in the energy range of an X-ray tube with a voltage of 100-140 kV is characterized in that the lead substitute material for nominal total lead equivalents of 0.2 5-0.6 mm 12- 22% by weight of matrix material, 40-73% by weight of Bi and / or W or their compounds and 5-38% by weight of one or more of the following elements Gd, Eu, Er, Hf and / or their connections.
- High protection effects or low basis weights can be achieved by using the elements or their connections, which develop their highest shielding effect especially in this small energy range.
- a larger proportion of the elements or their compounds of group A should be combined with a smaller proportion of the elements or their compounds of group B, in which case a flat energy course of the lead equivalent is not so important here because of the relatively small energy window is.
- This area concerns special applications in radiology and nuclear medicine.
- the area weight of the radiation protection apron is not in the foreground of optimization in this area, since the protective clothing is usually only worn for a short time or stationary radiation protection screens are used.
- composition of protective substances for individual energy areas can be expediently optimized by splitting in accordance with the most frequently occurring X-ray applications.
- the lead substitute material has a structure of at least two separate or interconnected protective layers of different compositions, at least one layer having at least 50% of the Total weight consists of only one element from the group Sn, W and Bi or their compounds.
- the lead substitute material has a structure of at least two separate or interconnected protective layers of different compositions, at least in one layer at least 50% of the total weight consisting only of at least 40% by weight of Sn or its compounds and at least 10% by weight of I , Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr and / or Nd and / or their compounds and / or Csl.
- a layer comprising 40 to 50% by weight of Sn and 10 to 20% by weight of cerium is particularly advantageous.
- the lead substitute material is characterized in that it comprises a structure of at least two separate or interconnected protective layers of different compositions, the protective layer (s) more distant from the body predominantly comprising the elements or their compounds with a higher one X-ray fluorescence yield and the body-near protective layer (s) which comprise elements or their compounds with lower X-ray fluorescence yield.
- the fluorescence component also referred to as the build-up factor, of commercially available lead-free protective materials (material B) is shown in Table 3 below in comparison to a material (material A) built up in layers according to the principle described here. As can be seen, the build-up factor can reach values of up to 1.42. In other words, the skin is 42% more stressed by the fluorescence content.
- the lead substitute material is characterized in that it has a structure of protective layers of different compositions.
- the lead substitute material can comprise a structure of at least two separate or interconnected protective layers of different composition, the protective layer (s) further away from the body predominantly comprising the elements of lower atomic number or their connections and the protective layer (s) close to the body predominantly comprise the elements of higher atomic numbers or their connections.
- the lead substitute material can also have a structure of at least three separate or interconnected protective layers of different composition, the protective layer (s) removed from the body and the protective layer (s) close to the body predominantly comprising the elements of higher atomic numbers or their compounds include and at least one in the middle Protection with mostly elements of low atomic numbers is arranged.
- barrier layer made of a material of higher atomic numbers, such as bismuth or tungsten, on both sides on the outside.
- a layer or layers of a material with a lower atomic number In between there is a layer or layers of a material with a lower atomic number. The fluorescence radiation generated there is effectively shielded on both sides and cannot penetrate outside.
- a layer structure composed of at least one highly concentrated, compacting powder layer composed of a mixture of the protective substances mentioned above and at least two carrier layers on both sides of the powder layer.
- the powder layer contains as little matrix material as possible.
- the carrier layers can be composed of matrix material. Suitable materials are, for example, polymers such as latex or elastomers.
- the carrier layers increase the mechanical stability, while the concentrated filling improves the radiation shielding effect.
- FIG. 4 shows this layer structure with a highly compressed protective material layer 2 as the core and the outer carrier layers 1.
- the lead substitute material can also be characterized in that a weakly radioactive layer is embedded between two separate or radioactive protective layers which are connected to the radioactive layer.
- the lead substitute material is characterized in that the metals or metal compounds are grained and their grain sizes are a 50th percentile according to the following formula
- the 90th percentile of the grain size distribution should not be larger than 2 -D 50 - 24 ⁇ m.
- Materials with a low proportion by weight must therefore also have a small grain size, i.e. be very finely distributed in order to develop an optimal protective effect.
- the material according to the invention can be used, for example, for protective gloves, patient covers, gonadal protection, ovary protection, dental protection shields, stationary lower body protectors, table tops, stationary or portable radiation protection walls or
- Radiation protection curtains can be used advantageously.
- 1 shows the lead replacement material according to the invention with 22% by weight of tin, 27% by weight of tungsten, 4% by weight of erbium and 15% by weight of matrix material.
- This lead replacement material is designated by 2 in FIG. 1.
- 1 denotes a commercially available material with the composition 65% by weight antimony, 20% by weight tungsten and 15% by weight matrix material.
- 2 shows the lead replacement material according to the invention with 20% by weight of tin, 36% by weight of tungsten, 29% by weight of bismuth and 15% by weight of matrix material.
- This lead replacement material is designated by 2 in FIG. 2.
- 1 denotes a commercially available material with the composition 70% by weight of tin, 10% by weight of barium and 20% by weight of matrix material.
- Lead-free, light radiation protection apron for the dental area 60-90 kV Pb nominal lead equivalent 0.5 mm.
- a lead-free radiation protection apron was produced from 59% by weight of Sn, 24% by weight of Gd, 1% by weight of W and 16% by weight of matrix material.
- the radiation protection effect corresponded to that of a corresponding lead apron with a basis weight reduced by approximately 35% of only 4.4 kg / m 2 .
- a radiation protection apron made of 50 wt. -% Sn, 11 wt. -% W, 23 wt. -% Gd and 16 wt. -% matrix material produced.
- lead equivalent nominal, 5 mm lead arose for a 0 a basis weight of 4, 5 kg / m 2, for a nominal lead equivalent of 0, 35 mm lead, a basis weight of 3, 3 kg / m 2 and a nominal Lead equivalent of 0.25 mm lead has a weight per unit area of 2.4 kg / m 2 .
- Lead-free, light radiation protection apron for the application range 60-125 kV.
- a radiation protection apron was produced from 40% by weight of Bi, 20% by weight of Sn, 24% by weight of Gd and 16% by weight of matrix material.
- Lead-free commercially available radiation protection aprons have nominal weights of 0.50 mm basis weights of 5.4 to 6.1 kg / m 2 .
- Conventional lead rubber material has a basis weight of 6.75 kg / m 2 .
- the lead equivalent is also approx. 20% above the nominal value of 0.5 mm Pb of a corresponding lead apron. This means additional increased radiation protection.
- a radiation protection apron was produced from 40% by weight of Bi, 10% by weight of W, 34% by weight of Gd and 16% by weight of matrix material.
- a nuclear medical apron was produced from 50% by weight of Bi, 25% by weight of Gd, 9% by weight of Er and 16% by weight of matrix material.
- the basis weight for 4.8 nominal total lead equivalent was 4.8 kg / m 2 .
- FIG. 3 shows the calculated relative weights per unit area of the protective clothing according to the invention with nominal lead equivalent values of 0.5 mm according to Examples 3, 4 and 6 in comparison to a lead apron with 0.5 mm lead equivalent.
- CT computer tomography
- the matrix content is 15% by weight.
- composition of the protective material layers was chosen:
- the matrix content is 15% by weight.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10340639 | 2003-09-03 | ||
| DE10340639 | 2003-09-03 | ||
| DE102004001328A DE102004001328A1 (de) | 2003-09-03 | 2004-01-08 | Leichtes Strahlenschutzmaterial für einen großen Energieanwendungsbereich |
| DE102004001328 | 2004-01-08 | ||
| PCT/EP2004/009860 WO2005023116A1 (de) | 2003-09-03 | 2004-09-03 | Leichtes strahlenschutzmaterial für einen grossen energieanwendungsbereich |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1536732A1 true EP1536732A1 (de) | 2005-06-08 |
| EP1536732B1 EP1536732B1 (de) | 2007-06-20 |
Family
ID=34276535
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04764811A Expired - Lifetime EP1540663B1 (de) | 2003-09-03 | 2004-09-03 | Bleifreies strahlenschutzmaterial mit zwei schichten unterschiedlicher abschirmeigenschaft |
| EP04764812A Expired - Lifetime EP1536732B1 (de) | 2003-09-03 | 2004-09-03 | Leichtes strahlenschutzmaterial für einen grossen energieanwendungsbereich |
Family Applications Before (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04764811A Expired - Lifetime EP1540663B1 (de) | 2003-09-03 | 2004-09-03 | Bleifreies strahlenschutzmaterial mit zwei schichten unterschiedlicher abschirmeigenschaft |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US7449705B2 (de) |
| EP (2) | EP1540663B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2007504451A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE502004004129D1 (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2286663T3 (de) |
| WO (2) | WO2005024846A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102006028958B4 (de) * | 2006-06-23 | 2008-12-04 | Mavig Gmbh | Geschichtetes Bleifrei-Röntgenschutzmaterial |
| DE102006058234A1 (de) * | 2006-12-11 | 2008-06-12 | Siemens Ag | Röntgenstrahler |
| US20100176318A1 (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-15 | Smith Peter C | Shape retentive flexible radiation absorber |
| CN101570606B (zh) * | 2009-06-15 | 2011-01-05 | 北京化工大学 | 一种全无铅x射线屏蔽橡胶复合材料 |
| CN101572129B (zh) * | 2009-06-15 | 2011-08-31 | 北京化工大学 | 一种全无铅x射线屏蔽塑料复合材料 |
| DE102009037565A1 (de) | 2009-08-14 | 2011-02-24 | Mavig Gmbh | Beschichtete Mikrofaserbahn und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
| US8754389B2 (en) | 2010-01-07 | 2014-06-17 | Bloxr Corporation | Apparatuses and methods employing multiple layers for attenuating ionizing radiation |
| US20110165373A1 (en) * | 2010-01-07 | 2011-07-07 | BIoXR, LLC | Radio-opaque films of laminate construction |
| US9114121B2 (en) | 2010-01-07 | 2015-08-25 | Bloxr Solutions, Llc | Radiation protection system |
| CN101826374B (zh) * | 2010-05-18 | 2012-08-08 | 刘迎芝 | 带防辐射磁条片的防辐射服装 |
| JP2012179353A (ja) * | 2011-02-10 | 2012-09-20 | Fujix:Kk | X線ct検査方法及びx線ct検査用遮へい材 |
| US8742383B2 (en) * | 2011-10-04 | 2014-06-03 | Surikat S.A. | Radiation protection device |
| WO2013100875A2 (en) | 2011-12-28 | 2013-07-04 | Ertan Mevlut | Elastic material for protection against ionised radiation |
| DE102013203812B4 (de) | 2013-03-06 | 2017-04-13 | Mavig Gmbh | Fahrbare Strahlenschutzanordnung |
| CN103137228A (zh) * | 2013-03-06 | 2013-06-05 | 魏昭荣 | 一种能屏蔽核辐射的柔性复合材料 |
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| JP2016011913A (ja) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-01-21 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | 低エネルギーx線用防護材 |
| DE102016107126B3 (de) * | 2016-04-18 | 2017-07-20 | Wipotec Wiege- Und Positioniersysteme Gmbh | Strahlenschutzvorhang |
| WO2021053367A1 (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-03-25 | Saba Valiallah | High-pass radiation shield and method of radiation protection |
| WO2021137709A1 (en) | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-08 | Espmen – Consultoria Unipessoal Lda | Method for the production of a textile material for radiation protection |
| US12500007B2 (en) | 2020-02-19 | 2025-12-16 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research An Indian Registered Body Incorporated Under The Regn. Of Soc. Act (Act Xxi Of 1860) | Radiation shielding red mud based hybrid composite panel and process for preparing the same |
| WO2023200940A1 (en) * | 2022-04-13 | 2023-10-19 | Burlington Medical, Llc | Lead-free flexible radiation-protective compositions and protective articles |
| EP4682907A1 (de) | 2024-07-16 | 2026-01-21 | Siemens Healthineers AG | Schirmelement für röntgenstrahlung mit einem bleiersatzstoff |
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- 2004-09-03 JP JP2006525121A patent/JP2007504451A/ja active Pending
- 2004-09-03 EP EP04764811A patent/EP1540663B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-03 WO PCT/EP2004/009859 patent/WO2005024846A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-09-03 WO PCT/EP2004/009860 patent/WO2005023116A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2004-09-03 DE DE502004004129T patent/DE502004004129D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-03 US US10/543,538 patent/US7449705B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-03 ES ES04764812T patent/ES2286663T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-09-03 US US10/533,322 patent/US20060049384A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-09-03 EP EP04764812A patent/EP1536732B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 2009-05-28 US US12/473,588 patent/US20090230334A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1540663B1 (de) | 2008-11-26 |
| WO2005024846A1 (de) | 2005-03-17 |
| WO2005023116A1 (de) | 2005-03-17 |
| US7449705B2 (en) | 2008-11-11 |
| JP2007504451A (ja) | 2007-03-01 |
| EP1536732B1 (de) | 2007-06-20 |
| US20060151750A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
| DE502004004129D1 (de) | 2007-08-02 |
| US20060049384A1 (en) | 2006-03-09 |
| ES2286663T3 (es) | 2007-12-01 |
| EP1540663A1 (de) | 2005-06-15 |
| US20090230334A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
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