EP1536732A1 - Materiau leger de protection contre les rayonnements destine a une grande gamme d'energies - Google Patents

Materiau leger de protection contre les rayonnements destine a une grande gamme d'energies

Info

Publication number
EP1536732A1
EP1536732A1 EP04764812A EP04764812A EP1536732A1 EP 1536732 A1 EP1536732 A1 EP 1536732A1 EP 04764812 A EP04764812 A EP 04764812A EP 04764812 A EP04764812 A EP 04764812A EP 1536732 A1 EP1536732 A1 EP 1536732A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lead
compounds
weight
replacement material
lead replacement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04764812A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1536732B1 (fr
Inventor
Heinrich Eder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mavig GmbH
Original Assignee
Mavig GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102004001328A external-priority patent/DE102004001328A1/de
Application filed by Mavig GmbH filed Critical Mavig GmbH
Publication of EP1536732A1 publication Critical patent/EP1536732A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1536732B1 publication Critical patent/EP1536732B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/12—Laminated shielding materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
    • G21F3/02—Clothing
    • G21F3/03—Aprons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lead replacement material for radiation protection purposes in the energy range of an X-ray tube with a voltage of 60-140 kV.
  • Conventional radiation protection clothing for use in X-ray diagnostics usually contains lead or lead oxide as a protective material.
  • DE 199 55 192 AI describes a method for producing a radiation protection material from a polymer as a matrix material and the powder of a high atomic number metal.
  • DE 201 00 267 U1 describes a highly elastic, light, flexible, rubber-like radiation protection material, additives of chemical elements and their oxides having an atomic number greater than or equal to 50 being added to a special polymer.
  • EP 0 371 699 A1 proposes a material which, in addition to a polymer as a matrix, also has elements of higher atomic numbers. A large number of metals are mentioned.
  • DE 102 34 159.1 describes a lead substitute material for radiation protection purposes in the energy range of an X-ray tube with a voltage of 60-125 kV.
  • the degree of weakening or the lead equivalent (International Standard IEC 61331-1, Protective devices against diagnostic medical X-radiation) of the respective material shows a sometimes very pronounced dependence on the radiation energy, which is a function of the voltage of the X-ray tube.
  • lead-free materials Compared to lead, lead-free materials have a partly very different absorption behavior depending on the X-ray energy. Therefore, an advantageous combination of different elements is required to simulate the absorption behavior of lead while maximizing weight saving.
  • the known radiation protection clothing made of lead-free material has a more or less strong decrease in absorption compared to lead below 70 kV and above 110 kV, in particular above 125 kV.
  • a higher basis weight of the protective clothing is required for this area of the tube tension. For this reason, the area of application of commercially available lead-free radiation protective clothing is generally restricted.
  • Total lead equivalent in a protective layer-like structure of a lead replacement material is understood to mean the lead equivalent of the sum of all protective layers.
  • Total nominal lead equivalent means the lead equivalent to be specified by the manufacturer for personal protective equipment in accordance with DIN EN 61331-3.
  • Matrix material means the backing layer for the protective materials, which can consist, for example, of rubber, latex, flexible or solid polymers.
  • X-ray voltages of up to 140 kV occur.
  • the object of the present invention is to use lead as radiation protection material with regard to its
  • the object of the invention is achieved by a lead replacement material for radiation protection purposes in the energy sector an X-ray tube with a voltage of 60-140 kV, the lead substitute material 12-22% by weight of matrix material, 0-75% by weight of tin or tin compounds, 0-73% by weight of tungsten or tungsten compounds, 0- Contains 80 wt .-% bismuth or bismuth compounds and at most one of the components is 0 wt .-%.
  • the mixture records nominal total lead equivalences of 0.25-2.0 mm.
  • the lead substitute material is characterized in that it contains 12-22% by weight of matrix material, 0-39% by weight of Sn or Sn compounds, 0-60% by weight of W or W compounds and comprises 0-60% by weight of Bi or Bi compounds and at most one of the components is 0% by weight.
  • the lead replacement material is characterized in that it contains 12-22% by weight of matrix material, 0-39% by weight of Sn or Sn compounds, 16-60% by weight of W or W- Compounds and 16-60 wt .-% Bi or Bi compounds.
  • the lead replacement material is characterized in that it contains 12-22% by weight of matrix material, 40-60% by weight of Sn or Sn compounds, 7-15% by weight of W or W- Compounds and 7-15 wt .-% Bi or Bi compounds.
  • the lead substitute material is characterized in that it additionally contains up to 40% by weight of one or more of the following elements Er, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd , Cs, Ba, I and / or their compounds and / or Csl.
  • Table 1 shows the mass attenuation coefficients of lead-free protective materials outside the absorption edges at various photon energies.
  • the elements to be used advantageously for the respective energy are underlined.
  • the lead substitute material which additionally comprises one or more elements Er, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd, Cs, Ba, I and / or their compounds and / or Csl particularly strong increase in absorption effect achieved. In this way, the weight of the protective clothing can be significantly reduced.
  • the individual elements can be compiled in accordance with Table 1 in such a way that a specific energy range is covered or that the weakening is as uniform as possible over a larger energy range.
  • Table 1 the individual elements can be compiled in accordance with Table 1 in such a way that a specific energy range is covered or that the weakening is as uniform as possible over a larger energy range.
  • the lead substitute material is characterized in that it additionally comprises up to 40% by weight of one or more of the following elements Ta, Hf, Lu, Yb, Tm, Th, U and / or their compounds.
  • the metals Er, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd, Ba, I, Ta, Hf, Lu, Yb, Tm, Th, U can also be used for the metals Er, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu / or their compounds and / or Csl can be used with a relatively low degree of purity, as they arise as waste products.
  • DIN EN 61331-3 does not allow a downward deviation from the nominal lead equivalent. Only the German version of the standard allows an exception, namely a deviation of 10% from the nominal lead equivalent. For these reasons, the aim is to aim for the lead equivalent to be as flat as possible over the energy in the case of a lead replacement material.
  • a drop in the lead equivalent value below the nominal lead equivalent value or below the lower tolerance limit means that the radiation protection material cannot be used at the tube voltages in question, since the shielding effect is too low.
  • the basis weight of the lead replacement material must alternatively be increased to such an extent that the permissible tolerances of DIN EN 61331-3 are met.
  • an increase in the basis weight is considered disadvantageous.
  • Another possibility is to limit the area of application with regard to energy or tube voltage.
  • i Group A Materials with relatively low effectiveness with values of N rei ⁇ 1.2 to 1-6 mm PbGW per 0.1 kg / m 2 and a slight or negative increase of 60-80 kV. These elements or their compounds include Sn, Bi and W.
  • Group B Materials with relatively high effectiveness with N rei > 1.3 mm PbGW per 0.1 kg / m 2 and a high increase of 60-80 kV.
  • the energy range 60-140 kV is therefore divided into several, partly overlapping, ranges in accordance with the most common uses of X-radiation:
  • Lead-free protective clothing that can only be used in a certain energy range must be marked accordingly by the manufacturer.
  • the lead substitute material for nominal total lead equivalent values of 0.25-0.6 mm is characterized in that it is 12-22 wt. % Matrix material, 49-65% by weight of Sn or Sn compounds, 0-20% by weight of W or W compounds, 0-20% by weight of Bi or Bi compounds and 2-35% by weight of one or more of the elements Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd, Cs, Ba, I, Pr and / or their compounds and / or Csl.
  • the energy range is preferably that of an X-ray tube of a dental X-ray device.
  • the lead substitute material comprises 2-25% by weight of I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr and / or Nd and / or their compounds and / or Csl.
  • Table 2 showed that Sn is the most effective of Group A elements. From group B, Gd is preferred, but Csl also led to a lead replacement material with very good properties.
  • elements with a small and high increase in the lead equivalent in are advantageously selected in such a way that the courses of the lead equivalent remain as flat as possible over the entire area.
  • a certain increase at 80 and 100 kV cannot be avoided physically.
  • One or more elements or their group A compounds can therefore be optimally combined with one or more elements or their group B compounds, the selection being based on the efficiency of the shielding, on the accessibility of the respective element or its connection, and on the lead equivalent is as constant as possible.
  • the proportion of the A elements or their compounds is dependent on that of the B elements or their compounds. If the proportion of a B element is increased, the relative weight proportion of an A element with opposite energy behavior must also be increased significantly in order to keep the course of the lead equivalent over the energy as flat as possible.
  • the proportion of Sn or Bi should rise above 40% by weight in order to ensure a low energy dependence.
  • the lead substitute material for radiation protection purposes in the energy range of an X-ray tube with a voltage of 100-140 kV is characterized in that the lead substitute material for nominal total lead equivalents of 0.2 5-0.6 mm 12- 22% by weight of matrix material, 40-73% by weight of Bi and / or W or their compounds and 5-38% by weight of one or more of the following elements Gd, Eu, Er, Hf and / or their connections.
  • High protection effects or low basis weights can be achieved by using the elements or their connections, which develop their highest shielding effect especially in this small energy range.
  • a larger proportion of the elements or their compounds of group A should be combined with a smaller proportion of the elements or their compounds of group B, in which case a flat energy course of the lead equivalent is not so important here because of the relatively small energy window is.
  • This area concerns special applications in radiology and nuclear medicine.
  • the area weight of the radiation protection apron is not in the foreground of optimization in this area, since the protective clothing is usually only worn for a short time or stationary radiation protection screens are used.
  • composition of protective substances for individual energy areas can be expediently optimized by splitting in accordance with the most frequently occurring X-ray applications.
  • the lead substitute material has a structure of at least two separate or interconnected protective layers of different compositions, at least one layer having at least 50% of the Total weight consists of only one element from the group Sn, W and Bi or their compounds.
  • the lead substitute material has a structure of at least two separate or interconnected protective layers of different compositions, at least in one layer at least 50% of the total weight consisting only of at least 40% by weight of Sn or its compounds and at least 10% by weight of I , Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr and / or Nd and / or their compounds and / or Csl.
  • a layer comprising 40 to 50% by weight of Sn and 10 to 20% by weight of cerium is particularly advantageous.
  • the lead substitute material is characterized in that it comprises a structure of at least two separate or interconnected protective layers of different compositions, the protective layer (s) more distant from the body predominantly comprising the elements or their compounds with a higher one X-ray fluorescence yield and the body-near protective layer (s) which comprise elements or their compounds with lower X-ray fluorescence yield.
  • the fluorescence component also referred to as the build-up factor, of commercially available lead-free protective materials (material B) is shown in Table 3 below in comparison to a material (material A) built up in layers according to the principle described here. As can be seen, the build-up factor can reach values of up to 1.42. In other words, the skin is 42% more stressed by the fluorescence content.
  • the lead substitute material is characterized in that it has a structure of protective layers of different compositions.
  • the lead substitute material can comprise a structure of at least two separate or interconnected protective layers of different composition, the protective layer (s) further away from the body predominantly comprising the elements of lower atomic number or their connections and the protective layer (s) close to the body predominantly comprise the elements of higher atomic numbers or their connections.
  • the lead substitute material can also have a structure of at least three separate or interconnected protective layers of different composition, the protective layer (s) removed from the body and the protective layer (s) close to the body predominantly comprising the elements of higher atomic numbers or their compounds include and at least one in the middle Protection with mostly elements of low atomic numbers is arranged.
  • barrier layer made of a material of higher atomic numbers, such as bismuth or tungsten, on both sides on the outside.
  • a layer or layers of a material with a lower atomic number In between there is a layer or layers of a material with a lower atomic number. The fluorescence radiation generated there is effectively shielded on both sides and cannot penetrate outside.
  • a layer structure composed of at least one highly concentrated, compacting powder layer composed of a mixture of the protective substances mentioned above and at least two carrier layers on both sides of the powder layer.
  • the powder layer contains as little matrix material as possible.
  • the carrier layers can be composed of matrix material. Suitable materials are, for example, polymers such as latex or elastomers.
  • the carrier layers increase the mechanical stability, while the concentrated filling improves the radiation shielding effect.
  • FIG. 4 shows this layer structure with a highly compressed protective material layer 2 as the core and the outer carrier layers 1.
  • the lead substitute material can also be characterized in that a weakly radioactive layer is embedded between two separate or radioactive protective layers which are connected to the radioactive layer.
  • the lead substitute material is characterized in that the metals or metal compounds are grained and their grain sizes are a 50th percentile according to the following formula
  • the 90th percentile of the grain size distribution should not be larger than 2 -D 50 - 24 ⁇ m.
  • Materials with a low proportion by weight must therefore also have a small grain size, i.e. be very finely distributed in order to develop an optimal protective effect.
  • the material according to the invention can be used, for example, for protective gloves, patient covers, gonadal protection, ovary protection, dental protection shields, stationary lower body protectors, table tops, stationary or portable radiation protection walls or
  • Radiation protection curtains can be used advantageously.
  • 1 shows the lead replacement material according to the invention with 22% by weight of tin, 27% by weight of tungsten, 4% by weight of erbium and 15% by weight of matrix material.
  • This lead replacement material is designated by 2 in FIG. 1.
  • 1 denotes a commercially available material with the composition 65% by weight antimony, 20% by weight tungsten and 15% by weight matrix material.
  • 2 shows the lead replacement material according to the invention with 20% by weight of tin, 36% by weight of tungsten, 29% by weight of bismuth and 15% by weight of matrix material.
  • This lead replacement material is designated by 2 in FIG. 2.
  • 1 denotes a commercially available material with the composition 70% by weight of tin, 10% by weight of barium and 20% by weight of matrix material.
  • Lead-free, light radiation protection apron for the dental area 60-90 kV Pb nominal lead equivalent 0.5 mm.
  • a lead-free radiation protection apron was produced from 59% by weight of Sn, 24% by weight of Gd, 1% by weight of W and 16% by weight of matrix material.
  • the radiation protection effect corresponded to that of a corresponding lead apron with a basis weight reduced by approximately 35% of only 4.4 kg / m 2 .
  • a radiation protection apron made of 50 wt. -% Sn, 11 wt. -% W, 23 wt. -% Gd and 16 wt. -% matrix material produced.
  • lead equivalent nominal, 5 mm lead arose for a 0 a basis weight of 4, 5 kg / m 2, for a nominal lead equivalent of 0, 35 mm lead, a basis weight of 3, 3 kg / m 2 and a nominal Lead equivalent of 0.25 mm lead has a weight per unit area of 2.4 kg / m 2 .
  • Lead-free, light radiation protection apron for the application range 60-125 kV.
  • a radiation protection apron was produced from 40% by weight of Bi, 20% by weight of Sn, 24% by weight of Gd and 16% by weight of matrix material.
  • Lead-free commercially available radiation protection aprons have nominal weights of 0.50 mm basis weights of 5.4 to 6.1 kg / m 2 .
  • Conventional lead rubber material has a basis weight of 6.75 kg / m 2 .
  • the lead equivalent is also approx. 20% above the nominal value of 0.5 mm Pb of a corresponding lead apron. This means additional increased radiation protection.
  • a radiation protection apron was produced from 40% by weight of Bi, 10% by weight of W, 34% by weight of Gd and 16% by weight of matrix material.
  • a nuclear medical apron was produced from 50% by weight of Bi, 25% by weight of Gd, 9% by weight of Er and 16% by weight of matrix material.
  • the basis weight for 4.8 nominal total lead equivalent was 4.8 kg / m 2 .
  • FIG. 3 shows the calculated relative weights per unit area of the protective clothing according to the invention with nominal lead equivalent values of 0.5 mm according to Examples 3, 4 and 6 in comparison to a lead apron with 0.5 mm lead equivalent.
  • CT computer tomography
  • the matrix content is 15% by weight.
  • composition of the protective material layers was chosen:
  • the matrix content is 15% by weight.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau succédané de plomb destiné à la protection contre les rayonnements, ledit matériau succédané de plomb contenant 12 à 22 % en poids de matériau matriciel, 0 à 75 % en poids de Sn ou de composés de Sn, 0 à 73 % en poids de W ou de composés de W, et 0 à 80 % en poids de Bi ou de composés de Bi, pas plus d'un des composants n'étant présent à une teneur de 0 % en poids, pour des équivalents de plomb totaux, nominaux, de 0,25 à 2,00 mm. L'invention concerne également un matériau succédané de plomb contenant par ailleurs un ou plusieurs des éléments Er, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd, Cs, Ba, I Ta, Hf, Lu, Yb, Tm, Th, U et/ou des composés de ceux-ci et/ou CsI.
EP04764812A 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Materiau leger de protection contre les rayonnements destine a une grande gamme d'energies Expired - Lifetime EP1536732B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10340639 2003-09-03
DE10340639 2003-09-03
DE102004001328A DE102004001328A1 (de) 2003-09-03 2004-01-08 Leichtes Strahlenschutzmaterial für einen großen Energieanwendungsbereich
DE102004001328 2004-01-08
PCT/EP2004/009860 WO2005023116A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Materiau leger de protection contre les rayonnements destine a une grande gamme d'energies

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1536732A1 true EP1536732A1 (fr) 2005-06-08
EP1536732B1 EP1536732B1 (fr) 2007-06-20

Family

ID=34276535

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04764811A Expired - Lifetime EP1540663B1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Materiau de protection contre les rayonnements exempt de plomb comportant deux couches presentant des proprietes de blindage differentes
EP04764812A Expired - Lifetime EP1536732B1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Materiau leger de protection contre les rayonnements destine a une grande gamme d'energies

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04764811A Expired - Lifetime EP1540663B1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Materiau de protection contre les rayonnements exempt de plomb comportant deux couches presentant des proprietes de blindage differentes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (3) US7449705B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP1540663B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007504451A (fr)
DE (1) DE502004004129D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2286663T3 (fr)
WO (2) WO2005024846A1 (fr)

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EP1540663B1 (fr) 2008-11-26
WO2005024846A1 (fr) 2005-03-17
WO2005023116A1 (fr) 2005-03-17
US7449705B2 (en) 2008-11-11
JP2007504451A (ja) 2007-03-01
EP1536732B1 (fr) 2007-06-20
US20060151750A1 (en) 2006-07-13
DE502004004129D1 (de) 2007-08-02
US20060049384A1 (en) 2006-03-09
ES2286663T3 (es) 2007-12-01
EP1540663A1 (fr) 2005-06-15
US20090230334A1 (en) 2009-09-17

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