EP1535015B1 - Gas operated weapon - Google Patents

Abstract

The large caliber gun has a sleeve (104) which fits over the rear end of the barrel (101) and the mounting (105, 106) for the breech block (111, 113). The barrel has a gas inlet (173) in the section inside the sleeve which connects it to a gas cylinder (171).

Description

The invention relates to a large caliber rifle with a central force introduction part, which receives the rear end of the barrel and the locking abutment of the closure (preamble of claim 1).

By "large caliber" is meant in particular a rifle with a caliber or largest sleeve diameter of the cartridge of more than 15 mm.

In large caliber rifles, a heavy missile, such as a projectile, a sabot projectile, a shotgun, a gas body, or the like, is brought to a speed that is quite low when compared to other small caliber high performance rifles. Therefore, the gas pressure is comparatively low, especially in the front of the barrel.

In this document, all location names go from the pointing in the weft direction, held horizontally in position of use firearm whose firing direction is "forward".

In a large-caliber, gas pressure-loading rifle, the cartridge diameter is greater than 15 mm, the shutter is large and long and thus heavy, so that the forces required to load through are large. On the other hand, since the gas pressure, as already mentioned, is low, the effective area of the gas piston must be large. Accordingly, the amount of gas that is withdrawn from the barrel during firing is also large.

For this reason, one has usually preferred recoil loaders, which, however, have the disadvantage of being particularly sensitive to differences in recoil.

In addition, a large anchoring element has recently been provided with a large-caliber rifle for weight savings, to which all occurring forces should act as much as possible. The housing can then be carried out largely in the lightest plastic construction, since it is at most little burden. However, a gas piston device requires at the tapping point of the barrel, which usually interacts with the gas cylinder, another point of introduction of force and thus builds quite difficult.

With large caliber rifles also raises the problem that the rifle is built quite long, if it is designed only as an enlarged, normal caliber rifle.

FR 1 266 597 A describes a self-loading rifle according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention is therefore the object of developing the aforementioned, large-caliber rifle to the effect that at least one of the problems mentioned above is at least partially mitigated.

In particular, the invention has for its object to provide a self loading rifle for large caliber grenade cartridges with long cartridge length and short cartridge case, which is lightweight and reliable loads.

This object is achieved in that at the outset gennanten rifle the gas removal opening at the front end of the cartridge chamber sits that the component also receives the locking abutment of the closure and that the caliber of the rifle exceeds 15 mm (claim 1).

The gas removal opening in the force introduction member eliminates its own, force-absorbing enclosure of the gas removal opening. At the same time this is brought far to the rear, where the gas pressure sufficient for unlocking and pressing a heavy closure with a long reload path.

The barrel of the weapon according to the invention is preferably, as is common practice, provided with a cartridge chamber, which is formed integrally with the barrel. But it is also conceivable that the cartridge chamber is separated from the barrel. In the context of this invention, the term "barrel" includes the cartridge chamber, whether it is integrally formed with the barrel or not. According to the invention, the gas removal opening is located at the front end of the cartridge chamber and opens into a bore in the force introduction part, which in turn opens into the front end of the gas cylinder (claim 2). The cartridge chamber is compared to the caliber of the barrel, in extremely large-caliber rifles often quite short; with grenade cartridges of the type described above, the chamber is even extremely short. Thus, the slow acceleration of the shutter by the action of the launcher gases is sufficient to ensure before the shutter is opened that the projectile has already left the barrel. The pressure drop occurs in such Großkalibergewehren usually so early that the overpressure in the run is quite low when the projectile leaves the barrel. At the same time is dispensed with a pipe or a similar component, while the force introduction part ensures that even a high pressure is absorbed harmless in the bore and forwarded to a gas cylinder.

This gas cylinder is preferably formed in the force introduction part (claim 3) and thus does not require its own, force-absorbing component.

The bore may extend obliquely in or against the weft direction to exploit or inhibit the kinetic energy of the launcher gases. Since this kinetic energy is low at the bearing end, it is preferred that the bore extends transversely to the weft direction (claim 4). Thus, the force introduction part can be kept as compact as possible.

The gas cylinder, which connects directly to the hole, can sit laterally or below the bearing. However, in order not to extend the width of the weapon excessively, and to attach a magazine under the closure, it is preferred that the gas cylinder sits over the cartridge chamber (claim 5). Since the gas cylinder is formed in the force introduction part, as a very stocky and especially in the longitudinal direction short construction is provided.

The closure is, as usual, formed of a locked closure head and a closure carrier. In order to spare a linkage to the closure carrier and to keep the construction of the weapon short despite the gas cylinder located far back, it is proposed according to a further embodiment that the closure carrier forms the gas piston (claim 6).

Similar to a self-loading tube with tube magazine, where the gas piston surrounds the magazine tube, it is preferred according to the invention that a tube is firmly connected to the closure carrier, the gas cylinder passes through and is penetrated as a receiving tube for a closing spring (claim 7).

The inner surface of the gas cylinder thus has an annular surface, and also the force takes place exactly centric on the closure carrier. The return spring for the closure, the so-called closing spring, further penetrates the tube, so that the closure member forming the gas piston is also set back exactly centric and thus can not tilt. The gas cylinder, viewed in terms of its diameter, can thus also build shorter than would otherwise be necessary.

The tube also has the purpose according to a further embodiment of carrying a charging handle, which is either attached to the tube or can be attached or connected thereto for loading (claim 8).

There are various types of locking, such as lateral locking flaps or locking lugs mounted in a circle to the longitudinal center of the barrel, but the flaps engage off-center, while warts imply backward movement of the locking head, thus increasing, albeit slightly, the overall length of the rifle. It is therefore proposed according to the invention. that a locking bolt passes through the closure head transversely and is pressed by the closure carrier in its rest position in a locking position, in which it engages in embodiments of the force introduction part and thereby locks the closure head (claim 9). The embodiments are advantageously mounted approximately circularly symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the barrel. The closure head must therefore cover no unlocking distance when it is unlocked, but it is then pulled out only the locking bolt transversely to said longitudinal axis. The device for this purpose can be located above the closure head and does not take up any length.

As such a device is preferably a rocker arm, which is arranged in the closure head, engages on the one hand in the path of movement of the closure carrier and on the other hand in the path of movement of the locking bolt and on a movement of the closure carrier from its rest position out the locking bolt from the formations of the force introduction part (claim 10) , Such a rocker arm is e.g. mounted on a pivot axis which is arranged transversely in the closure head. However, such a device can also be formed approximately by a compression spring which pushes out the locking bolt from its rest position when the closure carrier makes room.

Furthermore, it is preferred that the extended locking bolt engages in the closure carrier, so that with its movement of the locking bolt and thus the closure head is entrained (claim 11). Thus, a positive connection between the closure head and the closure carrier is made, no matter how fast the return of the closure carrier takes place, that is about the slow load.

Preferably, the locking bolt on a slot which is penetrated by the firing pin, the firing pin has behind the locking bolt on a paragraph, and the slot has a chamfer towards the rear, which engages the shoulder of the firing pin and this pushes back when the locking pin out of engagement is pulled with the training of the force introduction part (claim 12). Thus, the firing pin is forcibly pushed out of engagement with the cartridge after firing and can not reach the cartridge bottom when the shutter is unlocked. Thus, neither a rupturing primer (so-called "capsule tears") can hold the firing pin forward, nor a premature ignition occur, so then, if the lock head is not locked yet. This guarantees reliability even in the case of rare disturbances.

Usually, a closure head has only one extractor. However, it is also known to provide two extractors. Of both teachings, the invention differs from the effect that in the locking head transversely to the locking pin two recesses are formed in the rear of each a bore for a pressure pin and a spring pushing this forward, that in one of the recesses against the force the pressure bolt pivotable extractor is used, and that in the opposite recess as far as necessary, a support member is immovably inserted opposite to the extractor, the bottom of a cartridge or cartridge case laterally supported (claim 13). Extractor and support element are thus facing each other.

The support member supports the cartridge case after removal, so that the cartridge case does not slip off the opposite extractor claw. The closure makes after the shot first an acceleration phase and then a deceleration phase. During the deceleration phase, the bottom of the accelerated cartridge shell rests firmly on the thrust floor. "Shock" is called the front surface of the closure head.

Spring, pressure pin and extractor on one side and support on the other side can be changed if necessary to change the ejection direction.

In the case of the above-mentioned grenade cartridges, however, the cartridge case is very short, so that they may still in the acceleration phase or shortly after this already the cartridge chamber leaves. Since the support element and the extractor sit in similar recesses, they can be exchanged for each other. Thus, it is possible to change the direction of ejection of the rifle, so that the rifle is easily adaptable to right or left shooters.

Fig. 1

ein Längsschnitt durch ein hinteres Laufende mit Krafteinleitungsteil und Verschluß,

Fig. 2

eine Perspektivdarstellung des Verschlusses der Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

ein schematischer Querschnitt durch die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Anordnung, und

Fig. 4

ein Horizontalschnitt durch den Verschlußkopf, mit dem hinteren Teil einer Patrone.

An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this is:

Fig. 1

a longitudinal section through a rear running end with force introduction part and closure,

Fig. 2

a perspective view of the closure of Fig. 1,

Fig. 3

a schematic cross section through the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, and

Fig. 4

a horizontal section through the closure head, with the rear of a cartridge.

The parts shown belong to a large-caliber self-loading rifle for garnet cartridges, the total length is about 90 mm, the sleeve length but less than 30 mm. The caliber is 20 mm. All figures show the same embodiment; the reference numbers apply to all figures.

The rifle has a barrel 101 which is inserted into a force introduction part 104. The rear end of the barrel 101 is formed as a cartridge chamber 103. In cartridge chamber, the cartridge case 165 of a cartridge 163 is added.

The force introduction part 104 forms a central anchoring element to which not only the barrel 101, but also a housing, a target electronics, a belt carrier and an attachment (grenade launcher, automatic rifle, etc.) can be attached.

The force introduction part 104 is above the receiving bore for the barrel 101 and parallel to this penetrated by a bore whose front part has a smaller diameter than bore 167 is formed for the closing spring tube 169 and opens into a larger bore, which forms a gas cylinder 171. The transition between the two holes 167, 171 is chamfered. This transition is connected to the barrel 101 through a gas removal hole 173 which extends transversely to this and opens into this at the end of the cartridge chamber 103.

In the two above-mentioned bores 167, 171 sits a one-piece tube, which is composed of two cylindrical pipe sections with different diameter: a closing spring tube 169 and a gas piston 175. The closing spring tube 169 is slidably, but substantially sealing in the bore 167th die Gaskolben 175 sits slidably, but substantially sealing in the gas cylinder 171. The shoulder between the two pipe sections 169 and 175 forms the active surface of the gas piston 175. The gas piston 175 is extended in one piece to the rear by a closure carrier 113.

The movable member from the tube 169, the gas piston 175 and the shutter carrier 113 is penetrated by a hole open to the rear. The front of the hole is closed. In this bore, a closing spring-receiving bore sits a closing spring, not shown, which is behind the arrangement shown in the Closure supported. At the front of the closing spring tube 169 (not shown here) engages a loading lever, by means of which the entire component 169, 175, 113 is pushed back, against the force of the closing spring.

When the cartridge 163 is fired in the cartridge chamber 103, penetrate powder gases through the gas removal hole 173 in the gas cylinder 171 and press on the gas piston 175 also this entire component 169, 175, 113 against the force of the closing spring to the rear.

Thus, the closure carrier is moved back either by hand or automatically. He puts it back a linear trajectory, which runs parallel to the central axis of the barrel. Not shown longitudinal grooves in the housing thereby lead the closure carrier, together with the guide of the closing spring tube 169 in the bore 167 and the gas piston 175 in the gas cylinder 171 each in the force introduction part 104th

Behind the barrel 101 and thus under the closure carrier 113 there is a closure head 111. This is movable together with the closure carrier 113 to the rear and front, but not alone. The movement distance is longer than the length of a cartridge 163. Also, the movement of the closure head 111 is guided by not shown longitudinal grooves or webs in the housing.

The closure head 111 is penetrated by a locking bolt 125 which has the shape of a vertical letter "T" whose vertical bar passes through a vertical bore 121 in the closure head 111. This vertical beam terminates at the bottom in a latch extension 107. A transverse, horizontal bar of the "T" terminates on either side in a respective latching finger 108. In At the center, the horizontal bar has a coupling projection 183 extending rearwardly.

As particularly shown in Fig. 3, three abutments for the locking bolt 125 are formed in the force introduction member 104, namely, a lower, a conical bore-forming locking recess 105, the center lies on a vertical, which passes through the barrel center axis, and two to this vertical Symmetrical locking notches 106. The locking notches 106 are located in front of projections of the inner surface of the force introduction part 104th

When the locking pin 125 is in the lower position shown, the locking position; then he engages with the locking projection 107 in the locking recess 105, and the locking fingers 108 engage in the locking notches 106 a. The closure head 111 is then firmly locked in the force introduction part 104. This is the locking position of the locking bolt 125th

When the locking pin 125 is raised, the locking projection 107 is released upwardly from the locking recess, and the locking fingers 108 are exposed upward from the locking notches 106. Now, the shutter head 111 is unlocked and can move to the rear. This is the unlocking position of the locking bolt 125.

A firing pin 119 passes horizontally and centrally, relative to the barrel 101, the locking pin 125th

For this purpose, the firing pin 119 passes through a slot 131 in the locking bolt 125, so that this unhindered can move between locking position and Entriegelungslage.

The firing pin 119 has, as seen in Fig. 4, in the rear part of a paragraph or a thickening 129. In the locking bolt 125, the back of the elongated hole 131 is provided with a bevel 133 extending obliquely upwards and forwards from below and behind. This chamfer allows the firing pin 119 in the locking bolt 125 from behind dive when they are in the locking position shown. When the locking pin 125 moves up into its unlocking position, then the bevel 133 pushes the thickening 129 of the firing pin 119 and thus this backwards. The firing pin can thus reach its foremost position only when the locking pin 125 is in its locking position, so that ignition of a cartridge 163 can take place only in this position.

A spring, which is required in other weapons for pushing back the firing pin 119 is here replaced by the positive control, which is realized by the bevel 133.

In the closure head 111, a transverse shaft 189 is further arranged behind the locking pin 125, rotatably mounted on a central rocker arm 187. One leg of this rocker arm 187 engages under the coupling projection 183, the other leg is up to below the shutter carrier 113th

Before this upstanding leg of the rocker arm 187, a downwardly projecting locking projection 185 is formed on the closure support 113, the front side of a has upwardly and forwardly extending bevel 193.

The operation of this arrangement is as follows:

In the locked position of the locking pin 125 (lower layer), the shutter carrier 113 is in the foremost position (FIG. 2). The locking projection 185 sits above the locking pin 125 and prevents it from being able to move out of its position. The position of the rocker arm 187 is as shown in FIG.

Now, when the shutter carrier 113 is moved by hand or by gas pressure to the rear, the locking projection 185 also runs backwards and releases the locking pin 125. At the same time, the locking projection 185 runs against the vertical leg of the rocker arm 187 and pivots it in the sequence (in the drawing in a clockwise direction). In this case, the horizontal leg of the rocker arm 187 lifts the coupling projection 183 and thus also the locking pin 125. Whose upper part now falls into a coupling groove 191, which is formed on the underside of the closure carrier 113 in front of the bevel 193. At the same time the locking projection 185 runs on the upper leg of the rocker arm 187 and keeps it tilted so that it holds the locking pin 125 in the upper position in which it engages in the groove 191. Thus, the locking pin 125 and thus the locking head 111 forcibly follow the movement of the shutter carrier 113 to the rear. In this case engages under a housing (not shown) housing the locking bolt 125 from below and prevents it can fall down. The described connection between the parts thus remains maintained.

When the shutter carrier 113 moves forward again, the shutter head 111 first strikes against the back of the barrel 101. At this point are then under the sections 108, 107 of the locking bolt 125, the recesses 106, 105 of the force introduction part 104 (see Fig. 3). The locking bolt can now fall down.

This downward movement is enforced by the chamfer 193 of the locking projection 185 which presses when locking the locking bolt 125 down. At the same time, the back of this locking projection 185 releases the rocker arm 187 so that it can pivot back into the position shown in Fig. 1. Now, the gas piston 175 integrally formed with the shutter carrier 113 abuts against the front end of the gas cylinder 171. The closure head 111 is now locked. In this case, the locking pin 125 is in its lower position, in which the bevel 133 the firing pin 119 releases.

The weapon is now ready to fire when a cartridge 163 is in the chamber 103.

As shown, the length of the cartridge case 165 is less than one third of the total return of the closure 111, 113. This means that the cartridge case 165 is already fully extended from the cartridge chamber 103 even before the closure 111, 113 is significantly slowed down by the closing spring becomes. However, the acceleration phase of the shutter 111, 113 is already completed, since the barrel 101 must be virtually depressurized when the cartridge case 165 is fully extended.

In order to support the cartridge case 165, therefore, the impact bottom 181 of the closure head 111 is up and down with a Edge bar 195 provided. It is more difficult to ensure the lateral support of the cartridge case 165.

Reference is here made to FIG. 4, which shows a horizontal section through the center of the closure head 111. The closure head 111 has on both sides and symmetrically to each other two slot-shaped recesses 110, which terminates at the rear by a spring bore 197.

In one of the recesses 110 (the lower) an extractor claw 161 is used, on which a (not shown) spring in the associated spring bore 197 acts via a plunger. The extractor claw 161 is pivotable about a vertical axis. In the other recess 110 sits a support body 199, which is also held by a vertical axis. This support body 199 is generally similar to the extractor claw 161, but is a little larger so that it can not move in the recess 110. In addition, the support body 199, unlike the Ausieher claw 161, does not surround the cartridge bottom of a cartridge chamber 104 located in cartridge chamber 104. When switching the direction of ejection, it is only necessary to exchange the extractor claw 161 with spring against the support body 199 and the ejector (not shown) place some.

Claims (13)

1. A self-loading rifle comprising:

   - a barrel (101), comprising a cartridge chamber (103), the rear end of which is seated in a component,

   - a gas port (173) in the vicinity of the cartridge chamber (103) and also in the component, which is connected to a gas cylinder, which is securely connected to the component, and

   - a bolt (111, 113),

   - wherein the component is constructed as a central force transmission part (104),

   
   characterised in that

   - the gas port (173) is seated at the front end of the cartridge chamber (103),

   - the component also houses the locking thrust bearings (105, 106) of the bolt (111, 113),

   - and the bore of the rifle exceeds 15 mm.
2. A rifle according to Claim 1, wherein the barrel (101) is provided with a cartridge chamber (103),
   characterised in that the gas port (173) lies close to the upper end of the cartridge chamber and opens into a bore in the force transmission part (104), which opens into the front end of the gas cylinder (171).
3. A rifle according to Claim 2,
   characterised in that the gas cylinder (171) is constructed in the force transmission part (104) itself.
4. A rifle according to Claim 2,
   characterised in that the bore extends transversely to the firing direction.
5. A rifle according to one of Claims 2 to 4,
   characterised in that the gas cylinder (171) is seated above the cartridge chamber (103).
6. A rifle according to one of Claims 1 to 5, comprising a bolt head (111) and a bolt carrier (113),
   characterised in that the bolt carrier (113) forms the gas piston (175).
7. A rifle according to Claim 6,
   characterised in that a tube (169) is connected securely or in one piece to the bolt carrier (113), partially passes through the gas cylinder (171) and as a tube for a main spring is penetrated.
8. A rifle according to Claim 7,
   characterised in that a loading handle is connected or can be connected to the tube (169).
9. A rifle according to one of Claims 6 to 8,
   characterised in that a locking bolt (125) passes transversely through the bolt head (111) and is forced by the bolt carrier (113) in its position of rest into a locking position in which it engages in formations (105, 106) on the force transmission part (104) and thereby locks the bolt head (111).
10. A rifle according to Claim 9,
    characterised in that a rocking lever (187) is disposed in the bolt head (111), firstly engages in the path of motion of the bolt carrier (113) and secondly in the path of motion of the locking bolt (125) and upon a movement of the bolt carrier (113) out of its position of rest extracts the locking bolt (125) out of the formations (105, 106) of the force transmission part (104).
11. A rifle according to Claim 10,
    characterised in that the extracted locking bolt (125) engages in the bolt carrier (113) so that with its movement the locking bolt (125) and thus the bolt head (111) is entrained.
12. A rifle according to one of Claims 9 to 11,
    characterised in that the locking bolt (125) comprises a slot (131) through which the firing pin (119) passes,
    and in that the firing pin (119) comprises a shoulder (129) behind the locking bolt (135),
    and in that the slot (131) at the rear comprises a chamfer (133), which acts upon the shoulder (129) of the firing pin (119) and pushes it back when the locking bolt (125) is pulled out of engagement with the formations (105, 106) on the force transmission part (104).
13. A rifle according to one of Claims 9 to 12,
    characterised in that in the bolt head (111) transversely to the locking bolt (125) there are provided two recesses (110), into which a bore (197) for a plunger and a spring force forcing said plunger forward are constructed from the rear,
    in that an extractor (161) pivotable against the force of the plunger is inserted into one of the recesses (110),
    and in that a support element (199) is immovably inserted into the opposite recess (110), which support element, situated opposite the extractor (161), laterally supports the bottom of a cartridge (163) or a cartridge case (165).

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