EP0656518B1 - Firearm with recoil buffering, in particular handgun - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a hand-held firearm with a barrel assembly (2, 18, 36, & 54) moving back and forth essentially in or opposite the direction the weapon is fired in between a forward and a rear stop (44, 48, & 50) on or in a frame or grip assembly (12). A breech assembly (6 & 32) that moves back and forth essentially in the same direction as the barrel assembly between a forward and closed position and a rear and open position, moving out of the closed position and into the open position against the force of a closure spring (16) and, at the end of its return stroke, the frame or grip assembly or a component (64 or 64') resting off it. A buffering spring (66) tensions the barrel assembly toward the forward stop (44 or 50) and buffers its contact with the rear stop (44 or 48). The closure spring (16) and the buffering spring (66) are correlated to ensure that the breech assembly will strike the frame or grip assembly or the component supported off it essentially at the instant the barrel assembly comes into contact with the forward stop.

Description

The invention relates to a firearm according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular a handgun, with the following features: a barrel group is mounted on or in a frame or housing, movably in a direction opposite to the firing direction and between a front and a rear end stop; a locking group is movable - essentially in the same direction as the running group - between a front closed position and a rear open position, moving from its closed position against the action of a closing spring arrangement in its open position and at the end of its return movement against the frame, the housing or strikes a supported part; and a buffer spring arrangement prestresses the barrel assembly in the direction of its front end stop and buffers its run-up against its rear end stop (firearm of the generic type).

Such a firearm is already known from DE 41 09 777 C2 - corresponds to EP92 104 723.9-2399 - (HECKLER & KOCH).

For the rest, US 4 201 113 (SEECAMP) is mentioned for the general state of the art.

In the following description, spatial terms such as "bottom", "top", "rear", "front" refer to the normal firing position of the weapon with a horizontal core axis, the firing direction pointing "forward".

In the case of small arms, the aim is in principle to keep the recoil transmitted from the weapon to the shooter as low as possible. In particular, the recoil should be so low that it does not trigger the shooter's defense against the shot. The recoil must not pose any health risk to the shooter. In the case of semi-automatic or even fully automatic self-loading weapons, the recoil should be particularly low so that the weapon that is ready to fire or even continues to fire after firing a shot does not come out of the direction too much.

When using a self-loading firearm, when training for this use and in various shooting disciplines, it is often important to strike a target as quickly as possible and fire a number of shots in a short time. The initial aiming of the weapon before the first shot and the new aiming after each shot must therefore only take a short time.

A very light weapon can be handled particularly quickly and effortlessly; but it opposes the recoil only a small mass and therefore bounces far from the target after every shot. A heavy weapon mitigates the recoil; However, aiming such a weapon, especially before the first shot, is difficult and therefore time-consuming.

In the case of locked, recoil-operated self-loading weapons, the barrel is locked with the breech before firing. When fired, the barrel-lock group moves backwards (momentum conservation law). In the course of this return movement, the lock first opens; the barrel and the lock then move further backward separately. Then the barrel first runs against a stop, usually the weapon housing or the weapon frame. Finally, the lock moves further backwards - against the resistance of a forward spring against a stop, which is usually also the weapon housing or the weapon frame and forms the end point of the breech return.

The barrel and the elements associated with it and moving with it, hereinafter also called the barrel group, exert an impulse on the frame when it runs onto the frame. This transmits the impulse to the shooter as a recoil. The closure and the elements associated with it and moved with it, hereinafter referred to as the closure group, act increasingly on the return spring during their return. Their support force against the frame is also felt by the shooter as a recoil. Finally, the shutter group runs onto the frame and transmits another impulse to the latter. This in turn transmits the impulse to the shooter as a recoil.

The impact of the lock group against the frame provides the majority of the recoil. In order to mitigate this recoil, it is known to provide a buffer spring at the end of the closure return, which ultimately extends the duration of the emergence and thus reduces the momentum. However, this option cannot be used with hand guns. It would lead to an extension of the closure return, which goes far beyond what is necessary for the reloading process. At the same time, the dimensions of the weapon would also be lengthened, which, however, are known to be kept as small as possible. Finally, such buffering leads to an undesirable weight gain.

The document mentioned at the beginning (DE 41 09 777 C2) solves the last problem mentioned. It reduces the impact of the running group against the frame by means of a buffer spring. The buffer section required as a result does not, however, extend the run. According to this document, the barrel pushes in with its rear end during the buffer movement into the space above the magazine slot, but without hindering the top cartridge in this space from being tracked. The barrel is moved forward again by the buffer spring before the breech has completed its full return (cf. in the mentioned publication: column 4, line 67 to column 5, line 3; column 7, line 62 to column 8, line 61; claim 17).

But this seemed to have exhausted the basic options for reducing recoil.

Nevertheless, the invention manages to further and noticeably reduce the recoil under the conditions outlined above. For this purpose, the generic firearm mentioned in the introduction has the following additional features: the closing spring arrangement and the buffer spring arrangement are coordinated with one another in such a way that, on the one hand, the breech group strikes the frame, the housing or the part supported against it, and, on the other hand, the runner group bumps against the front end stop take place essentially simultaneously (characterizing part of claim 1).

Contrary to the prior art, the spring characteristics of the buffer spring and the closing spring are coordinated with one another in such a way that the running group as a result of the action of the buffer spring and the closure group as a result of the action of the closing spring strike their respective end stops essentially simultaneously; the running group thus reaches its front end stop as precisely as possible at the point in time at which the closing group reaches the end of its closing return. Thus, the rearward impulse of the locking group against the housing, the frame, the handle or a part supported against it is reduced by the simultaneous, but opposite, impulse of the running group against the front end stop. The backward impulse of the shutter group, which is the essential part of the by the shooter as a disturbing recoil, is significantly reduced by the counter impulse of the violently moving forward group.

The weapon according to the invention can be a self-loading weapon, in which the return movement of the breech is used to actuate the reloading mechanism as soon as it is opened (for example in the case of a belt tracking mechanism), or in which the return movement is inhibited by the reloading mechanism (for example due to the friction of a cartridge fitted against the breech). In the case of such a weapon, the characteristics of the buffer spring and closing spring are advantageously matched to a firing process in which a reloading process also takes place. The two springs are then no longer precisely matched to the last shot, that is to say the shot process in which reloading no longer takes place, that is to say there is little or no inhibition of the locking movement. Only with this last shot there is less recoil compensation (claim 3).

Furthermore, the use of a housing, frame or handle or part supported against it made of plastic or fiber-reinforced plastic is particularly advantageous; on the one hand, because the recoil reduced according to the invention enables the use of a lighter weapon, on the other hand, because the hysteresis peculiar to plastic material at least partially compensates for an improper adjustment of the spring characteristics and an associated temporal offset of the opposing pulse outputs (claim 4).

Further preferred embodiments of the invention can be found in the further claims.

It is particularly advantageous here if the spring guide rod for the closing spring is included in the running group is involved, together with this performs the unlocking movement and carries a flange or a bushing which forms the stop for the closure group; the latter strikes against this bush at the end of its return from the front at the time when the bush together with the running group have reached their maximum forward speed. The latter is regularly the case when the running group also reaches its front end stop.

As tests have shown, a pistol according to the invention with a plastic handle for the cartridge was dimensioned 9 mm parabellum, but without the spring adjustment according to the invention; subsequently, this pistol was made with essentially the same design for the much more powerful 10 mm car cartridge, but using the spring tuning according to the invention. Endurance tests have shown that the design according to the invention for the stronger cartridge had no noticeably stronger recoil than the conventional design for the weaker cartridge; There were no strength problems in the version for the stronger cartridge, although the handle of this weapon was only designed for the weaker cartridge.

The subject matter of the invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of examples and the attached schematic drawing.

The figures and the associated figure description differ from those of the aforementioned DE 41 09 777 C2 (HECKLER & KOCH) only in the essentially mutual coordination of the characteristics of the buffer spring and the closing spring.

It is therefore expressly pointed out that, according to the invention, the closing spring 16 and the buffer spring 66 are matched to one another in such a way that the closure group 6, 32 its rearmost position is reached (FIG. 3d) when the spring guide rod 36 belonging to the running group 2, 36 reaches its foremost position and strikes with its bushing 64 against the closure part 32 from behind.

Since the mode of operation of the generic and also inventive design is best seen in comparison with the prior art, the more general prior art is also shown in the drawing.

Fig. 1a bis 1c

ein bekanntes Colt-Browning-System mit Steuerkurve und Steuerbolzen in unterschiedlichen Betriebszuständen;

Fig. 2a bis 2c

ein weiteres bekanntes System mit einer Laufkettensteuerung in unterschiedlichen Betriebszuständen;

Fig. 3a

einen Vertikalschnitt durch ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel, an dem die Erfindung Anwendung finden kann, in der Feuerbereitschaftslage;

Fig. 3b bis 3e

weitere Betriebszustände des Ausführungsbeispiels der Fig. 3a; und

Fig. 4

ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel in einem der Fig. 3d entsprechenden Betriebszustand.

The drawing shows:

1a to 1c

a well-known Colt-Browning system with control cam and control pin in different operating states;

2a to 2c

another known system with a crawler control in different operating states;

Fig. 3a

a vertical section through a first embodiment, to which the invention can be applied, in the fire readiness position;

3b to 3e

further operating states of the embodiment of FIG. 3a; and

Fig. 4

a further embodiment in an operating state corresponding to FIG. 3d.

For a better understanding of the invention, known Colt-Browning-type pistols are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. These weapons are so-called locked self-loading pistols.

In the fire readiness position, a swiveling tube, referred to below as barrel 2, bears against a butt plate 4 of a closure part 6. The rear barrel section 8, which is designed as a cartridge chamber, has on its upper side Locking lugs 10 which engage in corresponding grooves of the closure part 6 and rigidly connect the barrel 2 to the closure part 6 before the shot.

For the rest, such pistols have a handle 12, the handle (not shown here) of which regularly surrounds a magazine shaft for receiving an exchangeable magazine. The closure part 6 is slidably mounted on the handle 12. When a shot is fired, the projectile is accelerated in the forward direction. In accordance with the conservation of momentum law, this creates the known recoil which drives the barrel 2 together with the closure part 6 to the rear. The closure part 6 then performs a return or opening movement in the longitudinal direction from the ready-to-fire position to a closure stop 14 fixed to the housing, against the action of a closure spring 16 arranged below and essentially parallel to the barrel 2.

In Fig. 1, the rear barrel section 8 carries on its underside a barrel extension 18 with a control cam, which is composed essentially of an unlocking curve 20 and a locking curve 22.

When firing, the barrel 2 and the closure part 6 cover the path s together. Thereafter, the barrel 2 is brought out of engagement with the closure part 6 with the cooperation of a control bolt 24 (FIG. 1) which comes into engagement with the unlocking curve 20 or through the action of chain links 26 (FIG. 2). The closure member 6 then continues to its housing-fixed closure stop 14 alone, reverses and is accelerated forward again by the closure spring 16, so performs a forward or closing movement.

During this closing advance, a new cartridge is fed from the magazine to the cartridge chamber of barrel 2.

Then the barrel 2 is pivoted upwards via the control elements described and brought into a new locking with the closure part 6. Subsequently, the barrel 2 and the closure part 6 slide forward together until the barrel extension 18 strikes a cross bolt 28 fixed to the housing and the barrel 2 together with the closure part 6 comes to a standstill in the fire readiness position.

After igniting the cartridge, the process described is repeated again.

There are a very large number of constructive variants of the Colt Browning system described above; All variants are in accordance with a run which, when it moves backwards together with the closure part, pivots at least with its rear section downwards and thereby releases the closure part.

The exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 3a to 3e are based on the Colt-Browning system shown in FIG. 1 and therefore use some elements that are functionally identical or functionally similar, as already described there. In this regard, reference is also made to FIG. 1 to avoid repetitions. Otherwise, functionally identical or functionally similar elements regularly have the same reference symbols in all drawings.

The self-loading pistol shown in Fig. 3a has the locking described above according to the Colt-Browning system and has the main parts of the handle 12, the movable locking member 6 and the pivotable barrel 2. The barrel 2 sits in a recess in the closure part 6 and penetrates on the mouth side, a guide bore 30 in the front end 32 of the closure part 6. The rear barrel section 8, designed as a cartridge chamber, lies with its rear end on the butt plate 4 and with one on its bottom trained front end shoulder on a system 34 of the closure member 6.

In the handle 12, a spring guide rod 36 is arranged longitudinally displaceably below the barrel 2 and parallel to this. Its front end passes through a guide bore 38 in the mouth-side closure part end 32. The closure spring 16 sits on the spring guide rod 36 and is supported with its front end against the front closure part end 32 and with its rear end against a bearing part 40 fixed to the housing. It can be seen that the breech spring 16 seeks to move the breech 6 to the ready-to-fire position; further that it is compressed during the return or opening movement of the closure part 6.

The rear end of the spring guide rod 36 is supported with its underside on the surface of the bearing part 40 and can slide back and forth there for a limited distance. An elongated, essentially trough-shaped recess 42 in the underside of the rear spring guide rod end, in conjunction with a cross bolt 44 fixed to the housing, limits the longitudinal displaceability of the spring guide rod 36 on both sides. The bottom 46 of the recess 42 forms a guide surface which is defined by the front and rear side walls of the recess 42 is limited. The front side wall is also called the rear end stop 48 in the following - rear end stop because it limits the rearward return movement of the spring guide rod 36 and thus of the barrel 2. The rear side wall is called the front end stop 50 for analogous considerations. Near the front end stop 50, the bottom 46 has a shallow depression 52 which is precisely adapted to the periphery of the cross bolt 44. The depression 52 serves to stabilize the position of the spring guide rod 36 and the cross bolt 44 in different operating states the firearm, especially when ready to fire.

The rear end of the spring guide rod 36 has on its upper side, ie the side facing the barrel 2, a barrel stop 54 provided with a control profile. The running approach 18 facing it is provided with a complementary control profile. The two control profiles together lead to curve control based on the Colt Browning principle. For this purpose, the barrel extension 18 has an extension 56 in the form of a half dovetail, the rear surface of which forms the release bevel 20. If the barrel 2 and the closure part 6 are driven backwards by the recoil, then the unlocking slope 20 of the extension 56 slides downward along a complementary unlocking slope 20 'of the barrel stop 54 down into a further recess 58 provided in the barrel stop 54 Barrel 2 unlocked in a known manner from the closure part 6. Unlocked positions can be seen in FIGS. 3b to 3e.

The running extension 18 has a further extension 59 with the locking bevel 22 which is offset to the rear relative to the extension 56. The locking bevel 22 and the unlocking bevel 20 lie essentially parallel to one another and delimit an obliquely running groove. The locking bevel 22 of the extension 59 interacts with a locking bevel 22 'on the rear end face of the barrel stop 54. In the unlocked state (FIGS. 3b to 3e), the web of the barrel stop 54 delimited by the unlocking and locking slopes 20 'and 22' sits in the above-mentioned groove (between the unlocking and locking slopes 20 and 22) of the barrel extension 18 .

If the closure part 6 pushes the barrel 2 back into the fire-ready position during its forward or closing movement, then the two locking bevels slide 22 and 22 'one above the other and thereby push the barrel 2 back up into its locked position. In this position, the free end surface of the extension 59 rests on the web surface of the barrel stop 54 facing it. At the same time, the front end of the extension 56 bears against a corresponding boundary surface of the recess 58.

According to FIGS. 3a-3e there is an elongated hole 60 in the spring guide rod 36. In this elongated hole a pin bolt 62 is mounted in a longitudinally displaceable manner. The pin bolt 62 passes through a bush 64 which is displaceably pushed on the spring guide rod 36 and is in a form-fitting connection therewith. The bushing 64 is subjected to the force of a buffer spring 66 which is supported with its front end against the bushing 64. With its rear end, the buffer spring 66, like the closing spring 16, is supported against the bearing part 40 fixed to the housing. The buffer spring 66 loads the bushing 64 so that the pin bolt 62 bears against the front end of the elongated hole 60. As a result, the spring guide rod 36 is also under a prestress, but is prevented from moving forward by the fact that its front end stop 50 rests on the cross bolt 44.

The barrel 2 and the locking part 6 locked with it cannot move forward from this position under the action of the locking spring 16. The front surface of the barrel extension 56 lies against the front boundary surface of the spring guide rod recess 58.

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the closure spring 16 surrounds the buffer spring 66 and the bushing 64. The front end face of the bushing 64 serves as a rear closure stop, that is to say as a stop against which the front end 32 of the closure part runs when the closure 6 returns.

In principle, the buffer spring could also be arranged between the handle 12 and the rear free end of the spring guide rod 36 and a rear closure stop could sit on the spring guide rod 36, approximately at the height of the bushing 64.

The operation of the locked self-loading pistol shown will now be described with reference to FIGS. 3a to 3e. For reasons of better clarity, only the reference numerals directly addressed there are shown in FIGS. 3b to 3e.

Fig. 3a shows the gun in the locked fire ready position. The unlocking slope 20 on the barrel extension 18 is offset relative to the unlocking slope 20 'on the barrel stop 54 by the locking distance to the front, that is to say by the distance that the barrel 2 and the closure part 6 travel together during the unlocking process.

If it is now fired, the barrel 2 and the closure part 6 move backwards together until the two unlocking slopes 20 and 20 'come into mutual engagement, the unlocking slope 20 then slides downward on the unlocking slope 20' and finally the extension 56 fully in Run stop 54 is present. The tilting movement that the run 2 has carried out in this phase is sufficient to release the engagement on the system 34 between the rear run section 8 and the closure part 6 (FIG. 3b).

The closure part 6 can now move further to the rear independently of the barrel 2, that is to say continue its opening movement, with its front, ie mouth-side end 32 being supported on the closure spring 16 (FIG. 3c).

While the closure part 6 moves backwards, the barrel 2, which is also still in motion and is now hooked to the spring guide rod 36, takes the spring guide rod 36 backwards, against the action of the buffer spring 66. The stabilizing engagement between the cross bolt 44 is thereby released and the recess 52. The flat bottom 46 of the elongated recess 42 comes onto the cross bolt 44 and slides back over it. Here, the buffer spring 66 is compressed further.

In this phase, the buffered barrel stop 54 gently catches the barrel extension 18. This soft catching phase lasts at most until at most the rear end stop 48 of the recess 42 runs up against the cross bolt 44. The spring guide rod 36 has then been moved backwards against the force of the buffer spring 66 by a maximum of the amount of the elongated recess 42. At the same time, the buffer spring 66 has been compressed accordingly. The spring guide rod 36 and the barrel 2 hooked to it have come to a standstill. However, the closure member 6 continues its return movement.

The buffer spring 66 now presses the spring guide rod 36 (via the bushing 64 and the transversely extending pin bolt 62 connected to it non-positively) again forward (FIG. 3d). The bottom 46 of the elongated recess 42 now slides in the forward direction over the cross bolt 44. Here, the barrel stop 54 of the spring guide rod 36 hooked to the barrel extension 18 takes the barrel 2 forward again. This forward movement of the runner group containing the spring guide rod 36 together with the run stop 54 and the run 2 including the run extension 18 continues until the front end stop 50 and the depression 52 strike the cross bolt 44. At this point, the returning closure group also strikes with its mouth-side end 32 against the front end face of the closure stop, ie the socket 64 on. The locking group has also reached its rear end position.

From Fig. 3d it can also be seen that the barrel 2 has now tilted so much that the barrel extension 18 rests on the rear end of the spring guide rod 36, and the cross bolt 44 and the recess 52 are securely in their mutual stabilization engagement.

The bushing 64 is in its foremost position (FIG. 3d), which is fixed by the engagement of the pin bolt 62 in the slot 60, i.e. the pin bolt 62 lies against the front end of the elongated hole 60.

If the mutual coordination between buffer spring 66 and locking spring 16 has not taken place so precisely that the locking group has completely reached its rear end position when it hits the bush 64, the buffer spring 66 acts again as a damping spring, now together with the locking spring 16: the front one Closure part end 32 pushes the bushing 64 back a little against the force of the buffer spring 66, at most as far back as is possible through the engagement between the pin bolt 62 and the elongated hole 60 (FIG. 3e). The spring guide rod 36 remains in its position determined by the stabilization intervention and hooked into the barrel 2. - The case described above can occur, for example, if a different ammunition was used than that which is actually intended for the firearm and was accordingly also taken into account in the spring tuning. Different calibers generally require different spring adjustments, which can be done, for example, by exchanging at least one of the two springs for another spring.

The closure member 6 strives after reaching its rear end position back to its front starting position, driven from the locking spring 16; if necessary, ie in the event of an error in the spring adjustment, initially also additionally driven by the buffer spring 66. The closure part 6 now takes the uppermost cartridge out of the magazine (both are not shown in the figures) during its closing movement and guides it into the Cartridge chamber in the rear barrel section 8.

As soon as the butt plate 4 has reached the barrel 2 again, it pushes it around the locking track via the locking bevels 22 (on the extension 59 of the barrel extension 18) and 22 '(on the barrel stop 54) upwards and forwards, in this way long until the front end face of the extension 56 abuts against the front boundary wall of the upper recess 58 (in the rear section of the spring guide rod 36). In this position, the free end of the truncated pyramid-like extension 59 facing the barrel stop 54 sits snugly on the free surface section of the barrel stop 54 facing it. It is thus ensured that the barrel 2 always assumes the same position relative to the sighting device seated on the closure part 6. The fire standby position is restored (Fig. 3a).

The self-loading pistol described can be modified in details within the scope of the invention. So the guide surfaces and stop surfaces do not necessarily have to be formed on the underside of the barrel. They can also be grooves or webs on both sides of the barrel. Likewise, the functions of the recess 42, of the base 46 serving as a guide surface, of the transverse bolt 44 and of the recess 52 can be performed by control cams which can be formed on both sides of the barrel, on the handle and / or on the closure part.

4, the embodiment of FIG. 3 can be modified in that the bushing 64 'is fixed to the spring guide rod 36 is connected, the slot 60 of the previous embodiment is therefore omitted. The exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4 is only shown in one operating state, namely that in which it differs from the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 3. This state corresponds to the operating state of Fig. 3d.

Claims (12)

1. Fire arm having

   a) a barrel group (2, 18, 36, 54) which is mounted on or in a frame or housing (12) movable essentially in or counter to the direction of firing between a forward end limit stop (50) and a rearward end limit stop (48),

   b) a breech section (6, 32) which is movable - essentially in the same direction as the barrel group (2, 18, 36, 54) - between a forward closed position and a rearward open position, it moving from its closed position against the action of a breech-closing spring arrangement (16) into its open position and at the end of its recoil movement striking against the frame, housing (12) or a member (64; 64') supported against the same, and

   c) a buffer spring arrangement (66) which biases the barrel group (2, 18, 36, 54) in the direction of the forward end limit stop (50) and buffers its run against the rearward end limit stop (48),

   characterised in that
   d) the spring characteristics of the breech-closing spring arrangement (16) and of the buffer spring arrangement (66) are so matched to one another that when the fire arm is fired

   - the striking of the breech section (6) against the frame, the housing (12) or the member (64; 64') supported against it and

   - the run up of the barrel group (2, 18, 36, 54) against the forward end limit stop (50)

   take place simultaneously in such a way that the impetus exercised when the breech section makes impact is reduced by the impetus exercised when the barrel group makes impact.
2. Fire arm according to Claim 1, characterised in that in its closed position the breech section (6, 32) is locked with the barrel group (2, 18, 36, 54).
3. Fire arm according to Claim 1 or 2, the fire arm being constructed as a self-loading weapon and having for this purpose a reloading mechanism driven by the breech section (6, 32), characterised in that the breech-closing spring arrangement (16) and the buffer spring arrangement (66) are matched to one another taking account of the effect of the reloading mechanism on the movement of the breech section (6, 32).
4. Fire arm according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the frame, the housing (12) or the member (64; 64') supported against the same consist preferably largely of plastic or fibre-reinforced plastic.
5. Fire arm according to Claim 2 or one of the preceding claims referring back to Claim 2, the fire arm being constructed as a hand-held weapon and having the following characteristics:

   a) the frame or the housing is constructed as a grip (12) having a magazine well;

   b) the recoil movement path of the breech part (6) of the breech section is arranged above the upper end of the magazine well,

   c) the breech part (6) and the barrel group (2, 18, 36, 54) capable of being locked to it make the initial phase of the recoil movement together and are locked to one another until the recoil movement of the barrel group (2, 18, 36, 54) terminates at the rearward end limit stop (44, 48); and

   d) arranged on the barrel (2) contained in the barrel group (2, 18, 36, 54) is a barrel attachment piece (18) which in the initial phase of the recoil movement engages in a barrel limit stop (54) which for its part is supported through the buffer spring (66) on the grip (12).
6. Fire arm according to Claim 5, characterised in that

   a) the barrel (2) is mounted pivotably in the breech section (6, 32),

   a1) the front section of the barrel being supported by the end (32) of the breech section (6, 32) on the muzzle side, and

   a2) the rearward section of the barrel (8) being lowerable when running up against the barrel limit stop (54), and

   b) the barrel attachment piece (18) and the barrel limit stop (54) have elements of a cam control which are complementary to one another and under the action of which the barrel (2) is guided out of its locking engagement with the breech part (6) and later guided back into the latter,
   b1) the barrel attachment piece (18) and the barrel limit stop (54) being engaged with one another transmitting motion in both directions as long as the breech part (6) and the barrel (2) are unlocked.
7. Fire arm according to Claim 6, characterised in that

   a) the breech-closing spring arrangement (16) has a coil spring (16) which

   a1) is seated on a spring guide pin (36) under the barrel (2) essentially parallel to the latter, and

   a2) is supported by its front end on the end (32) of the breech section (6) on the muzzle side and by its rearward end on the grip (12);

   b) the barrel limit stop (54) is constructed at the rearward end of the spring guide pin (36); and

   c) the spring guide pin (36) is arranged in longitudinally movable manner against the effect of the buffer spring (66).
8. Fire arm according to Claim 7, characterised in that the buffer spring (66) is seated inside the breech-closing spring (16) on the spring guide pin (36) and is supported by its front end on a projecting part (64; 64') of the spring guide pin (36) and by its rearward end jointly with the breech-closing spring (16) on the grip (12).
9. Fire arm according to Claim 8, characterised in that the projecting part is constructed as a bush (64; 64') the front end of which forms the rearward end limit stop for the breech member (6) supported (66) against the frame or the housing (12).
10. Fire arm according to Claim 9, characterised in that the bush (64) is arranged on the spring guide pin (36) to be displaceable by a limited range of movement such that in its rest position it is pushed forward by the buffer spring (66).
11. Fire arm according to Claim 10, characterised in that in the spring guide pin (36) an oblong hole (60) is constructed which is penetrated by a transversely extending stud bolt (62) which is anchored in the bush (64) preferably in releasable manner preferably on both sides of the spring guide pin (36).
12. Fire arm according to Claim 9, characterised in that the bush (64') is rigidly connected to the spring guide pin (36).

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