EP0785405B1 - Pressurized gas weapon - Google Patents

Abstract

The weapon has a recoil compensator with at least one compensation mass (37) which, through the gas pressure activated on firing, is driven relatively to the grip in the opposite direction of that of firing movement. This causes the impulse acting on the grip as the result of the movement of the projectile in the barrel to be reduced and the at least one compensation mass is movable relatively to the barrel. From the gas channel which conducts the gas pressure to the area behind the projectile ready to be fired, a channel leads to the compensation mass.

Description

The invention relates to a gas pressure weapon, when dispensing a shot through a bullet under high pressure standing gas is driven out of a barrel of the weapon, with a storage container for carbon dioxide or compressed air or weapon with pre-compression, with a handle for holding the weapon with at least one hand. Such well-known weapons, simplifying also called air pressure weapons, are at Competitions where high accuracy is important, used with bullets in diabolo form. For competition weapons is now the development of such constructions arrives, where already before triggering a Shot the gas under high pressure to expel of the floor is available, be it in the form of Carbon dioxide or compressed air, which is screwed onto the gun Pressure vessels are included, be it as a weapon with pre-compression, in which the shooter before triggering a Shot by operating a lever under high Air creates pressure required to deliver this shot. With these weapons, the system moves, especially the Gun barrel not firing relative to Grip, because the system is not a mounted system or return system.

With competition weapons of the kind described one makes one Recoil-like effect disturbing noticeable on it is based on that of the shooter with one hand (pistol) or weapon held with two hands (rifle) an impulse in Experience reverse direction, which according to the momentum law exactly is equal to the impulse that the projectile in the barrel in its Experiencing forward direction. In addition to the sensation of this impulse Target safety can also be affected as unpleasant especially with air pistols that only have one Are held, and in which (if one assumes that the center axis of the barrel lies above the hand) this pulse when firing the shot after the muzzle of the weapon hikes upstairs.

By DE-B 1 246 471 is an air rifle with a shot known piston moved by a spring. For elimination of the impulse of the weapon and the shooter A counter-rotating mass is provided behind the piston Piston slidably arranged in a casing of the weapon is. When the various parts are ready to fire which is supported on the piston and the counter-rotating mass Spring loaded. When the shot is fired, the pistons and counter-rotating mass moved apart by the spring. The well-known Weapon thus has a compensation part that follows the trigger of the weapon against the direction of the Bullet moved, but only moved by the spring and is used to compensate for the piston.

In the air rifle known from DE A 2 205 973 the Compressed air generated by two spring-operated pistons, which at A shot is fired towards each other by a compression spring are driven. In the one between the pistons Compression space is an outlet for through which Compression of compressed air created by a Canal communicates with the space behind the floor. The springs support them on weapon-proof parts. Of the The two pistons are driven exclusively by the called springs. There is mutual compensation the impulses of the two pistons instead.

The invention has for its object a weapon to create the type described above, in which the Impulse on the hand (hands) or the shoulder the shooter acts, reduces or even completely prevents is.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by that the weapon has a compensation device with at least has a compensation part through which the floor driving gas pressure relative to the handle in a substantially direction opposite to the projectile movement direction is drivable such that the result of the handle the momentum of the projectile in the barrel is reduced and that the at least one compensation part is movable relative to the barrel.

In terms of the compensation effect, it would theoretically be the most most effective when attached to the compensation part exactly in axial Arrange the barrel extension behind it so that it can move could because then the momentum of the projectile according to amount and Direction can be fully compensated without difficulty could. If, on the other hand, you only have one compensation part laterally offset from the longitudinal axis of the barrel arranges as provided in one embodiment of the invention there is still an angular momentum as the effect of the momentum back on the gun, which is not noticeable makes. However, in another embodiment of the invention on diametrically opposite sides of the A compensation part is provided for each axis of the barrel.

This is because the compensation part is movable relative to the handle is arranged only when the projectile pulse is not fully compensated, another impulse the handle and thus transferred to the shooter's hand.

Air pressure weapons are known, in which the entire shooting system including that of the high tension air manufacturing spring-driven compression piston relatively is easily movable to the handle, as is known Guns from Feinwerkbau Westinger & Altenburger GmbH & Co KG is provided with a mounted system. The The present invention, on the other hand, does not use a lacquered one System.

The path that the compensation part travels to the floor leaves the barrel, the smaller the larger the Mass of the compensation part is. It is therefore advantageous the mass of the compensation part is many times larger as the bullet mass (a diabolo bullet of caliber 4.5 mm weighs about 0.5 g). It is then easier to a suitable path of movement for the compensation part on the weapon to be provided, bearing in mind that for the most of the air pressure weapons in question here, insofar as they certain dimensions can be used for competition purposes and weights must not be exceeded.

In one embodiment of the invention, that of a gas channel that puts the gas pressure in the area behind the storey (in the position ready to fire a floor is located) conducts a channel to the compensation device leads. It is advantageous that the gas pressure is effective for moving the compensation part, as soon as the firing valve when the weapon is pulled has been opened.

It may be advantageous to make the arrangement so that the compensation part at least at the beginning of its movement is largely unchecked. A completely smooth movement will be difficult to achieve. As a brake can in particular the airtight seal of the compensation part act because this also through the floor moving gas pressure must be moved. Such Sealing comes, as does a relatively large mass the compensation part, the propulsion of the projectile, because then only a relatively small part of the form of pressurized gas available energy to move of the compensation part is consumed.

Too much friction of the compensation part against you weapon-fixed part (i.e. a part that cannot move relative to the barrel Part) would have the consequence that the effect of the pulse compensation is reduced.

It is believed that for the sufficient effect of the It is important that the cross-section of that Gas channel leading to the compensation part, at least is approximately as large as the inside cross section of the Runs; would be the cross section of the one leading to the compensation part Channel much smaller, this would have the effect as if the barrel was almost complete at its rear end would be closed, and this would be effective for an Impulse compensation is a hindrance. For the same reason the gas channel leading to the compensation part also one have relatively low flow resistance.

In one embodiment of the invention, at least one Compensation part a movably arranged further compensation part assigned that in the way of the associated compensation part is arranged at the beginning of the movement of the associated compensation part has a distance from this and can be driven by it, preferably by means of an elastic element, such as a spring, preferably Helical compression spring, and / or by mechanical (elastic or inelastic shock. The spring could also be a Be an air cushion.

It is understood that the mechanical shock rather than direct The compensation parts also meet by jibs protruding from one of the two parts and something similar could be effected. In this embodiment the first mentioned compensation part moves and this then hits the further compensation part, compared to a weapon-proof part, for example that Run, could be run completely smoothly, or else with friction. The type of impact should initially be assumed that it is a completely inelastic shock. In this case, they then move towards each other assigned compensation parts in contact with each other backwards (relative to the direction of movement of the projectile, where their common speed is less than that of the first-mentioned compensation part before the meeting). If the way until the two are contiguous Compensation parts at one stop (spring loaded or rigid) come to the plant, is long enough, so can be an effective compensation for the shooter of the projectile impulse be maintained during a time that is significant is longer than the shot development time (the time until the bullet has left the barrel) of about 5 to 6 ms. A delay in the impulse acting on the shooter only about 10 to 20 ms is considered insufficient.

In another embodiment, the first mentioned occurs Compensation part on the further compensation part with a elastic impact (the colliding surfaces exist for example made of high-quality steel or highly elastic Plastic). After the shock therefore moves when the Mass of the further compensation part is greater than that Mass of the first part of the compensation, the first mentioned Compensation part in the direction of the shot Storey. Around this part of the path of the first-mentioned compensation part for the delay of the further compensation part To make it usable is the first mentioned compensation part with the further compensation part by a brake coupled so that eventually part of the kinetic energy of the first-mentioned compensation part and the further compensation part is converted into thermal energy. There are now different constructions are possible. Either will the arrangement made so that the first-mentioned compensation part when moving in the weft direction no longer a fixed stop comes to the system because of the kinetic energy is used up beforehand. Or the former Compensation part comes with an elastic stop Impact to the system and bounces back again, though when his movement speed is still greater than that the further compensation part, it approaches this, whereby in the brake coupling the two parts together heat is generated again. It may well be that of the first-mentioned compensation part in the just called the impact of his forward movement on the weapon transmitted impulse for the shooter no disturbing effects Has. The described rebounding of the former Compensation part of the further compensation part with elastic impact at high speed supports that the further compensation part a has greater mass than the assigned compensation part.

Because in the last construction described kinetic energy is converted into heat in the brake, the by this brake did not cause friction against a weapon-fixed one Part (this is a part that is fixed relative to the barrel) is, but only between the two compensation parts acts, the path that is overall for the movement of the further Compensation part must be available, smaller be chosen as for the elastic shock mentioned above.

If, as is provided in one embodiment, for another compensation part one against a weapon-fixed Partly acting braking device is present, it acts theoretically the most perfect possible balance of the projectile impulse opposite; hence this influence in practice remains low, the braking effect must be correspondingly small. The braking device or braking devices mentioned can / can ensure that the moving parts of the compensation device not in the normal handling of the weapon undesirably change their position before firing the shot.

The above-mentioned spring can advantageously be dimensioned in this way be that the further compensation part is already in motion offset before the first mentioned compensation part there strikes, or it completely prevents a striking what can be useful for noise reduction. Furthermore the spring can easily ensure that the compensation parts a desired minimum distance before firing a shot from each other. The spring can, even if it is a compression spring with the parts coupled through it (namely the compensation parts) to be connected tensile to limit the maximum distance of these parts.

The compensation part or the compensation parts must somehow be movably guided or stored. The part that performing this function is generally called the housing of the Denotes compensation device; it doesn't have to be necessarily be an additional component, but it appears possible, e.g. Bores for sliding storage of the compensation parts into an existing one Weapon part to bring.

A reset device expediently ensures that the Compensation device is functional before firing a shot. The reset device can be advantageous with the movement a breech of the weapon be coupled so that at the latest when closing the closure part, the compensation device becomes functional. The shooter can also after loading a floor simply by opening it and immediately Closing the closure of the compensation device return to their starting position, even if before the shooter e.g. by hitting the weapon hard correct starting position of the compensation device changed Has.

If the housing of the compensation device on the closure part is firmly arranged so that it deals with this moved, the displacement of the compensation parts in their Starting position in a particularly simple manner by a Fixed stop on the weapon is done by the compensation device is moved towards the stop, the stop comes to rest on the compensation part and when moving the housing of the compensation device the compensation part inside the housing shifts relative to this. When moving forward of the closure part changes together with the housing then the compensation part due to friction forces its position not relative to the case.

Address further features of embodiments of the invention deal with the constructive training of the former Compensation part and the further compensation part.

Fig. 1

einen Längsschnitt, teilweise abgebrochen, eines Luftgewehrs mit Vorkompression, das eine Kompensationsvorrichtung enthält,

Fig. 2

einen Querschnitt durch das Gewehr der Fig. 1, der den Spannhebel zeigt,

Fig. 3

in einem Längsschnitt eine erste Anordnung zum Kompensieren des Geschoßimpulses,

Fig. 4

in einem Längsschnitt eine zweite Anordnung zum Kompensieren des Geschoßimpulses, in zwei unterschiedlichen Stellungen.

Fig. 5a bis 5c

den prinzipiellen Ablauf der Kompensation.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawing, which shows units essential to the invention, and from the claims. The individual features can be implemented individually or in any combination in any combination in one embodiment of the invention. Show it:

Fig. 1

a longitudinal section, partially broken, of an air rifle with pre-compression, which contains a compensation device,

Fig. 2

2 shows a cross section through the rifle of FIG. 1, which shows the cocking lever,

Fig. 3

in a longitudinal section a first arrangement for compensating for the projectile impulse,

Fig. 4

in a longitudinal section a second arrangement for compensating for the projectile impulse, in two different positions.

5a to 5c

the basic process of compensation.

The drawing is merely a schematic representation that is not to scale to watch.

1 and 2, a rifle 1, namely a match air rifle with pre-compression, a handle 2, a barrel 3 with storey 4 at its rear end, and a movable one Closure part 5 on the closed from the shown Position yourself backwards (right in Fig. 1) in an open Position can shift. This is done automatically when a clamping lever 6 is pivoted to air with high To provide pressure by moving a compression piston 8. This causes a coupling with the tensioning lever 6 Linkage 9 that there is a loading flap 10 around a Bolt 11 is pivotable, opening clockwise, which a tension spring 12 moves the closure piece 5 to the rear. The shooter can open the tailgate by hand if necessary. He closes them with his hand after loading this also closes the closure piece 5. Will a trigger 13 is actuated, a pressure spring 14 thereby loaded striker 15 released and strikes on Shot valve 16 and opens it. As a result, the compressed Air from a room 17 through a channel 18 into one Channel 19 in the closure piece 5 and from there to the storey 4th

As can be seen in Fig. 1, the barrel 3 and a housing part 20, in which the bolt 11 and other weapon parts are arranged are not movable backwards relative to the handle 2. It is a weapon without a gun mount System.

Fig. 3 shows a view from above. The barrel 3 (Fig. 1) of the Gun closes with its storey 4, in the The diabolo bullet is to be inserted by hand at an air outlet 21 in the closure part 5, in which at Firing a shot of high pressure air through the Channel 19 is supplied, exits. Symmetrical to both Sides of the closure part 5 are two completely identical designs Pulse compensators arranged with respect an axis 29 of the barrel 3 diametrically opposite one another are arranged. Everyone goes from air duct 19 Pulse compensation device 27 another air duct 31, which is there in a channel 32 in extension of the further Air duct 31 continues. The channel 32 opens into a parallel to the axis 29 extending bore forming a gas cylinder 35, in which a compensation part 37 with a piston serving rod-like end part 39 slidably inserted is; the end part 39 carries at its front end region a piston seal 41 designed as an O-ring forms the seal against the wall of the bore 35.

The two compensation parts 37 are in their front end position shown by the stop of a stop disc 43 on a stop surface 45 of the bore 35 containing part 28 is limited. At part 28 is a circular cylindrical tube 47 on its the closure part 5 facing side has a hole 49 attached. The Compensation part 37 has an axis with the end part 39 trained rod-shaped extension 51, which in the example makes up the main part of the mass of the compensation part 37. The extension 51 goes through essentially one hollow cylindrical, made of two parts 53, 55 and further compensation part formed between the O-ring 57 59 through. The parts 53 and 55 are by means of a thread 61 can be approached and removed relative to one another, and in a cavity formed between them, the reduced by mutually rotating the parts 53 and 55 or can be enlarged, the O-ring 57 is used and lies depending on the setting of parts 53 and 55 relative to each other with different forces on the outer wall the outer circular cylindrical extension 51 and thus forms an adjustable friction brake compared to this. The further compensation part 59 is in the tube 47 Slidable with little friction.

When the weapon is cocked by means of the cocking lever, the compensation devices 27 have been brought into the starting position shown in FIG. 3, in which the stop disc 43 bears against the part 28 and the further compensation part 59 is at a distance a from the surface of the stop disc 43 facing it. The compensation parts have been brought into this position in that when the tensioning lever is actuated, the closure piece moves backwards (because the loading flap 10 springs open) and the compensation devices are also moved backwards as a result. A transverse pin 63 which is immovable with respect to the handle 2 and which extends somewhat into the interior of the tubes 47 shifts the compensation parts into their starting position. The further compensation part 59 has a smaller distance from the stop disk 43 than from the free end 65 of the compensation part 37; the end 65 is located approximately where the cross bolt 63 is in the rest position of the tensioning lever. In the above-mentioned tensioning process, the compensation element 37 has been brought into its starting position, in which the stop disk 43 bears against the part 28.

The cross pin 63 forms a limitation of the path that the further compensation part 59 when it moves backwards (to the right in Fig. 3). The arrangement is so made that the further compensation part 59 at the Firing either the cross bolt 63 not reached, but comes to a standstill beforehand due to frictional forces but still a long way to go with work with a relatively low friction relative to the tube 47 to be able to and thereby the effect on the hand of the shooter, which is transmitted via this frictional force. Or else the additional compensation part 59 comes along its backward movement on the cross pin 63 to the stop.

This should be done at a time that is as long as possible, however at least about 20 ms or preferably longer after the moment the bullet leaves the barrel has kept the impairment of the shooter low and this is still relative to the weft exit can judge the target to be hit.

The operation of the arrangement shown in Fig. 3 is like follows. Starting from the position shown in Fig. 3, in who, as I said, the weapon is cocked and is ready to fire, with one bullet in the barrel, the shooter releases when the weapon is held horizontally, as in such weapons in general, the shot from. Here the high pressure air comes through the Air duct 19 and flows on the one hand in the barrel to there Drive the floor, on the other hand through the other air channels 31 and 32 in the end region of the holes 35, where they on the front end of the compensation part, which acts as a piston surface 37 hits. Because of its mass, which is considerably larger than that of the floor, with one thrown backward at a lower speed than that Bullet speed corresponds. The stop disc 43 hits the front surface 69 of part 53 of the further compensation part 59, in the example with an elastic push. The further compensation part 59 is provided with a larger mass than that in the example first-mentioned compensation part 37. Therefore, the former bounces Compensation part 37 back after there is a part its kinetic energy to the further compensation part 59 transferred. This moves it backwards. The just initiated movement of the first-mentioned compensation part 37 forward due to the friction of the O-ring 57 braked on the extension 59, this acts simultaneously Braking the movement of the further compensation part 59 opposite. It becomes part of the kinetic energy of the Compensation part and the further compensation part in Heat converted. In the example it is assumed that the stop washer 43 at her after hitting the rest Compensation part 59 subsequent forward movement the part 28 no longer reached, but that all previously Parts have come to a standstill.

Depending on how large the frictional force of the O-ring 57 on the Extension 49 one hand and the frictional force between the further compensation part 59 and the tube 47 can it may be that the first-mentioned compensation part 37 already before hitting the further compensation part 59 of this by means of the frictional force exerted by the O-ring 57 at a slow speed. This Frictional force may be on the shooter's hand at least immediately when the shot was triggered felt in theory; however, it is more appropriate Construction and adjustment of the frictional forces so low that the shooter is not irritated in any way becomes. All parts shown except the O-rings are made in the example made of metal, namely steel. It can be beneficial be, also for reasons of noise reduction, on each other cover striking parts with highly elastic plastic.

The further exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4 differs 3 only with regard to the compensation parts, whose reference numerals in comparison to FIG. 3 100 are higher.

A compensation part 137 engages with a rod 139 with a gas-tight fit without a separate sealing element and is displaceable in the bore 35 of the part 28. The rod-like extension 151 is shorter than in FIG. 3 and serves as a holder for a spring 170 designed as a helical compression spring, which is connected to the compensation part 137 and the further compensation part 159 in a tensile manner. The rod 151 goes without friction into a correspondingly large central recess in the further compensation part. The desired friction between the further compensation part 159 and the inner surface of the tube 47 is brought about by two friction pieces 171 made of plastic, which are arranged in a transverse bore 172 of the further compensation part 159 and are acted upon by a compression spring 173. The dimension a can be chosen in a suitable manner. A value a = 0 corresponds to an arrangement in which the two compensation parts 137 and 159 are immovably and firmly connected to one another.

Before the shot is fired, the parts in the upper part of the Fig. 4 position shown. When the shot is fired, it moves first only the compensation part 137 to the rear, thereby tensioning the spring 170, so that thereby the further compensation part 159 is accelerated backwards before the former Compensation part hits. The spring 170 prevents such an encounter. After all the parts came to rest they have the position shown in the lower part of FIG. 4, in which the cross pin 63 acts as a stop. The pole 139 has not completely emerged from the bore 35. The parts are reset in a similar way as in Fig. 5a to 5c. The spring 170 brings the compensation part 137 in its initial position shown in FIG. 4 above.

5a to 5c show an arrangement with a compensation device which is only present on one side. An arrangement with only one compensation part 237 corresponding to a = 0 is shown, which has a piston rod 239.

5a shows the arrangement with the weapon under tension before delivery of a shot, a floor 200 is shown for illustration. The compensation part is located on the front Attack.

Fig. 5b shows the arrangement after the shot. The compensation part has moved backwards and is on the cross bolt 63 'came to the plant.

In Fig. 5c the shutter has been opened and has thereby moved back, which with the closure piece 5 firmly connected weapon part 28 that to the housing of the compensation device heard, was also moved backwards. Of the Cross bolt 63 'prevents displacement of the compensation part backwards and shifts this inside of tube 47 until it is in its foremost position relative to this has taken. If the closure is then closed, so the part 28 moves with the closure piece 5 forward, the situation due to the frictional forces of the compensation part within the tube 47 does not change. At least when there is no bullet in the barrel (and not exactly a shot is fired) or if the Closure is open, there is one at the front end Piston forming rod 239 atmospheric pressure anyway in the area between the compensation parts.

Claims (16)

1. Pressurized gas weapon with which, when a shot is fired, a bullet (200) is driven out of a barrel (3) of the weapon by means of a high pressure gas, having a storage container for carbon dioxide or for pressurized air or a weapon with pre-compression, having a grip (2) for holding the weapon with at least one hand,
   characterized in that the weapon comprises a compensation device having at least one compensation member (37) which can be driven relative to the grip (2) in a direction substantially opposite to the direction of the bullet by the gas pressure driving the bullet (200) in such a fashion that the momentum acting on the grip (2) in consequence of the motion of the bullet (200) in the barrel is reduced and with said at least one compensation member (37) being movable relative to the barrel (3).
2. The weapon of claim 1, characterized in that a channel leads to the compensation device from a gas channel guiding the gas pressure into the region behind the bullet bearing (in which a bullet is located in a shooting position).
3. Weapon according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two compensation members (37) are disposed on oppositely lying sides of the longitudinal axis (29) of the barrel.
4. Weapon according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compensation member (37) is largely unbraked, at least at the beginning of its motion.
5. Weapon according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one compensation member (37) cooperates with a movable additional compensation member (59) disposed in the path of the associated compensation member (37) which has a separation from the associated compensation member (37) at the beginning of its motion and which is driven thereby, preferentially by means of an elastic element, in particular, a spring.
6. Weapon according to claim 5, characterized in that the additional compensation member (59) can be driven by a mechanical (elastic or inelastic) collision, optionally without a spring.
7. Weapon according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a brake device (57) is provided for the compensation member and/or the additional compensation member (59).
8. Weapon according to claim 7, characterized in that the brake device acts against a component fixed to the weapon.
9. Weapon according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the brake device (57) works against the compensation member (37).
10. Weapon according to any one of the claims 5 through 9, characterized in that the additional compensation member (59) has a larger mass than the associated compensation member (37).
11. Weapon according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mass of the compensation member (37) or the entire mass of all compensation members (37) is substantially larger than the mass of the bullet.
12. Weapon according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compensation member (37) has a piston (rod 39) which glides in a sealing fashion within a bore hole (35), one end of which is connected to a gas channel (23) which introduces the highly pressurized gas into the inner portion of the barrel.
13. Weapon according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compensation device has a housing in which the compensation member is guided in a displaceable manner.
14. Weapon according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a return mechanism which brings the compensation device into an initial position prior to firing a bullet.
15. Weapon according to claim 14, characterized by a bolt head member movable between an open and a closed position, wherein the return device is coupled to the bolt head member.
16. Weapon according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by a bolt head member movable between an open and a closed position in which a gas channel is present through which the pressurized gas gains entrance to the bullet bearing when the bolt head member is closed and the housing of the compensation device is disposed on the bolt head member and can be moved along therewith.

Images