EP1535015A1

EP1535015A1 - Gas operated weapon

Info

Publication number: EP1535015A1
Application number: EP03797252A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Johannes Murello
Original assignee: Murello Johannes; Heckler und Koch GmbH
Current assignee: Heckler und Koch GmbH
Priority date: 2002-09-04
Filing date: 2003-08-27
Publication date: 2005-06-01
Anticipated expiration: 2023-08-27
Also published as: AU2003260464A1; ZA200501826B; KR100657081B1; DK1535015T3; DE50302444D1; ES2257709T3; DE10240886A1; CA2507740A1; KR20050057157A; WO2004027337A1; ATE317967T1; EP1535015B1

Abstract

The large caliber gun has a sleeve (104) which fits over the rear end of the barrel (101) and the mounting (105, 106) for the breech block (111, 113). The barrel has a gas inlet (173) in the section inside the sleeve which connects it to a gas cylinder (171).

Description

Gas operated

The invention relates to a large-caliber rifle with a central force introduction part, which receives the rear end of the barrel and the locking abutment of the breech (preamble of claim 1).

"Large-caliber" is understood here to mean in particular a rifle with a caliber or largest cartridge diameter of more than 15 mm.

In large-caliber rifles, a heavy missile, such as a projectile, a sabot projectile, a shot, a gas body, or the like, is brought to a speed that is quite low when compared to other small-caliber high-performance rifles. That is why the gas pressure is comparatively low, especially in the front area of the barrel.

In these documents, all positional designations are based on the firearm pointing in the firing direction and held horizontally in the position of use, the firing direction of which is "forward".

In the case of a large-caliber, gas-pressure-loading rifle, the cartridge diameter of which is more than 15 mm, the breech is large and long and thus heavy, so that the forces required for loading are large. On the other hand, since the gas pressure is low, as already mentioned, the effective area of the gas piston must be large. Accordingly, the amount of gas withdrawn from the barrel when firing is also large. For this reason, recoil loaders have mostly been preferred, but they have the disadvantage of being particularly sensitive to differences in recoil.

In addition, in the case of a large-caliber rifle, a central anchoring element has recently been provided to save weight, on which all the forces that occur should act as far as possible. The housing can then largely be made in the lightest plastic construction, since it is at most little stressed. However, a gas piston device requires a further point of force application at the tapping point of the barrel, which usually interacts with the gas cylinder, and is therefore very heavy.

With large-caliber rifles there is also the problem that the rifle is built quite long if it is only designed as an enlarged, normal-caliber rifle.

The invention is therefore based on the object of developing the large-caliber rifle mentioned at the outset in such a way that at least one of the problems mentioned at the outset is at least partially alleviated.

In particular, the invention has for its object to provide a self-loading rifle for large-caliber grenade cartridges with a long cartridge length and a short cartridge case, which is light and reliably loads.

This object is achieved in that in the rifle mentioned above, the barrel still has a gas withdrawal opening in the force introduction part, and in that a gas cylinder is firmly connected to the force introduction part, which is connected to the gas withdrawal opening (claim 1). The gas withdrawal opening in the force introduction part makes a separate, force-absorbing border of the gas withdrawal opening unnecessary. At the same time, this is brought far back where the gas pressure is sufficient to unlock and operate even a heavy-duty lock with a long reloading path.

The barrel of the weapon according to the invention is preferably, as is customary, provided with a cartridge chamber which is formed in one piece with the barrel. It is also conceivable that the cartridge chamber is separated from the barrel. In the context of this invention, the term "barrel" encompasses the cartridge chamber, whether it is formed in one piece with the barrel or not. According to the invention, the gas extraction opening is located at the front end of the cartridge chamber and opens into a bore in the force introduction part, which in turn opens into the front end of the gas cylinder (claim 2). The cartridge chamber is often quite short compared to the barrel caliber of extremely large-caliber rifles; in the case of grenade cartridges of the type described above, the cartridge chamber is even extremely short. The slow acceleration of the breech by the action of the firing gases is sufficient to ensure that the projectile has already left the barrel before the breech is opened. With such large-caliber rifles, the pressure drop usually occurs so early that the overpressure in the barrel is quite low when the projectile leaves the barrel. At the same time, a tube or a similar component is dispensed with, while the force introduction part ensures that even a high pressure is absorbed in its bore without damage and passed on to a gas cylinder. This gas cylinder is preferably formed in the force introduction part (claim 3) and thus does not require its own force-absorbing component.

The bore can extend obliquely in or against the firing direction in order to utilize or inhibit the kinetic energy of the firing gases. Since this kinetic energy at the end of the bearing is only slight, it is preferred that the bore extends transversely to the direction of the weft (claim 4). In this way, the force introduction part can be kept as compact as possible.

The gas cylinder, which connects directly to the bore, can sit on the side or under the bearing. However, in order not to extend the width of the weapon excessively, and to be able to attach a magazine under the breech, it is preferred that the gas cylinder sits above the cartridge chamber (claim 5). Since the gas cylinder is formed in the force introduction part, a very compact and, in particular, also in the longitudinal direction, short construction is ensured.

As usual, the closure is formed from a locked closure head and a closure carrier. In order to eliminate the need for a linkage to the breech carrier and to keep the design of the weapon short despite the gas cylinder lying far to the rear, it is proposed according to a further embodiment that the breech carrier forms the gas piston (claim 6).

Similar to a self-loading shotgun with a tube magazine, where the gas piston surrounds the magazine tube, it is preferred according to the invention that a tube is firmly connected to the closure carrier, penetrates the gas cylinder and is inserted as a receiving tube for a closing spring (claim 7). The inner surface of the gas cylinder thus has an annular surface, and moreover the force is exerted exactly centrally on the closure carrier. The return spring for the closure, the so-called closing spring, also passes through the tube, so that the closure carrier forming the gas piston is also reset exactly in the center and thus cannot tilt. Viewed in terms of its diameter, the gas cylinder can therefore also be shorter than would otherwise be necessary.

According to a further embodiment, the tube also has the purpose of carrying a loading handle, which is either attached to the tube or can be attached or connected to it for through-loading (claim 8).

There are various types of locking, such as side locking flaps or locking warts attached in a circle to the center of the barrel, but the flaps attack off-center, while warts imply a rearward movement of the breech head and thus increase the overall length of the rifle, if only slightly. It is therefore proposed according to the invention that a locking bolt passes through the locking head transversely and is pressed by the locking carrier in its rest position into a locking position in which it engages in designs of the force introduction part and thereby locks the locking head (claim 9). The training is advantageously attached approximately circularly symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the barrel. The locking head thus does not have to cover an unlocking distance when it is unlocked, but only the locking bolt is then pulled out transversely to the longitudinal axis mentioned. The device for this can be above the closure öpf and does not take up any length. As such a device, a rocker arm is preferred, which is arranged in the locking head, engages on the one hand in the path of movement of the lock carrier and on the other hand in the path of movement of the locking bolt and, when the locking carrier moves out of its rest position, pulls the locking bolt out of the designs of the force introduction part 10). Such a rocker arm is mounted, for example, on a pivot axis which is arranged transversely in the locking head. However, such a device can also be formed by a compression spring, for example, which pushes the locking bolt out of its rest position when the lock carrier makes room.

It is further preferred that the extended locking bolt engages in the closure carrier, so that the locking bolt and thus the closure head is taken along with its movement (claim 11). In this way, a positive connection is established between the closure head and the closure carrier, irrespective of how fast the return movement of the closure carrier takes place, that is to say also during slow loading.

The locking pin preferably has an elongated hole which is penetrated by the firing pin, the firing pin has a shoulder behind the locking pin, and the elongated hole has a bevel to the rear which engages and pushes back the shoulder of the firing pin when the locking pin is out of engagement is pulled with the training of the force introduction part (claim 12). After firing, the firing pin is forcibly pushed out of engagement with the cartridge and cannot reach the bottom of the cartridge when the breech is unlocked. This means that neither a detonating primer (so-called "capsule ripper") can hold the firing pin in front, nor can it ignite prematurely. if the locking head is not yet locked. This guarantees reliability even with rare faults.

A locking head usually has only one extractor. However, it is also known to provide two extractors. The invention deviates from both teachings in that two recesses are formed in the breech head transversely to the locking bolt, into each of which a bore for a pressure bolt and a spring pushing it forward are formed, in one of the recesses against the force of the pressure pin pivotable extractor is used, and that in the opposite recess, if necessary, a support element is immovably inserted, which, opposite the extractor, laterally supports the bottom of a cartridge or cartridge case (claim 13). Extractor and support element are thus opposite to each other.

The support element supports the cartridge case after being pulled out, so that the cartridge case does not slide off the opposite puller claw. The breech goes through an acceleration phase and then a deceleration phase after the shot. During the erosion phase, the bottom of the accelerated cartridge case rests firmly on the impact floor. "Bump bottom" is the front face of the breech head.

The spring, pressure pin and extractor on one side and support element on the other side can be replaced if necessary to change the direction of ejection.

In the case of the grenade cartridges mentioned at the outset, however, the cartridge case is very short, so that it may already be in the acceleration phase or shortly after this leaves the chamber. Since the support element and the extractor sit in the same recesses, they can be exchanged. So it is possible to change the direction of ejection of the rifle so that the rifle can be easily adjusted to right or left-handed shooters.

An embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing. In this is:

1 is a longitudinal section through a rear barrel end with force introduction part and closure,

2 is a perspective view of the closure of FIG. 1,

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross section through the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, and

Fig. 4 is a horizontal section through the breech head, with the rear part of a cartridge.

The parts shown belong to a large-caliber self-loading rifle for grenade cartridges, the total length of which is approximately 90 mm, but the sleeve length is less than 30 mm. The caliber is 20 mm. All figures show the same design; the reference numerals apply to all figures.

The rifle has a barrel 101 which is inserted into a force introduction part 104. The rear end of the barrel 101 is designed as a cartridge chamber 103. The cartridge case 165 of a cartridge 163 is received in the cartridge chamber. The force introduction part 104 forms a central anchoring element to which not only the barrel 101, but also a housing, target electronics, a belt carrier and an attachment (grenade launcher, rapid-fire rifle, etc.) can be attached.

The force introduction part 104 is penetrated above the receiving bore for the barrel 101 and parallel to it by a bore, the front part of which has a smaller diameter than the bore 167 for the closing spring tube 169 and opens into a larger bore which has a gas cylinder 171 forms. The transition between the two bores 167, 171 is chamfered. This transition is connected to the barrel 101 by a gas extraction bore 173 which extends transversely to it and opens into this at the end of the cartridge chamber 103.

In the two above-mentioned bores 167, 171 there is a one-piece tube which is composed of two cylindrical tube sections with different diameters: a closing spring tube 169 and a gas piston 175. The closing spring tube 169 is displaceably but essentially sealingly in the bore 167 Gas piston 175 is displaceably but essentially sealingly in the gas cylinder 171. The shoulder between the two pipe sections 169 and 175 forms the active surface of the gas piston 175. The gas piston 175 is integrally extended to the rear by a closure carrier 113.

The movable component from the tube 169, the gas piston 175 and the closure carrier 113 is penetrated by a bore which is open to the rear. The front of the hole is closed. In this bore, a closing spring receiving bore sits a closing spring, not shown here, which is behind the arrangement shown in Closure supports. A loading lever, by means of which the entire component 169, 175, 113 can be pushed back against the force of the closing spring, engages on the front side of the closing spring tube 169 (not shown here).

When the cartridge 163 is fired in the cartridge chamber 103, powder gases penetrate through the gas extraction bore 173 into the gas cylinder 171 and also push this entire component 169, 175, 113 backward against the force of the closing spring via the gas piston 175.

The closure carrier is moved back either manually or automatically. He travels a straight line of motion that runs parallel to the central axis of the barrel. Longitudinal grooves (not shown) in the housing guide the closure carrier, together with the guidance of the closing spring tube 169 in the bore 167 and the gas piston 175 in the gas cylinder 171, in each case in the force introduction part 104.

A locking head 111 is located behind the barrel 101 and thus under the locking carrier 113. This can be moved back and forth together with the locking carrier 113, but not alone. The movement distance is longer than the length of a cartridge 163. The movement of the closure head 111 is also guided by longitudinal grooves or webs, not shown, in the housing.

The locking head 111 is penetrated by a locking bolt 125, which has the shape of a vertical letter “T ^Λ , the vertical bar of which penetrates a vertical bore 121 in the locking head 111. This vertical bar ends at the bottom in a locking extension 107. A transverse horizontal bar of the “T” ends on both sides in a locking finger 108. In in the middle, the horizontal bar has a coupling projection 183 which extends to the rear.

As particularly shown in FIG. 3, three abutments for the locking bolt 125 are formed in the force introduction part 104, namely a lower locking recess 105 forming a conical bore, the center of which lies on a vertical that passes through the center axis of the barrel, and two to this vertical symmetrical locking notches 106. The locking notches 106 sit in front of projections on the inner surface of the force introduction part 104.

When the locking pin 125 is in the lower position shown, the locking position; then it engages with the locking extension 107 in the locking recess 105, and the locking fingers 108 engage in the locking notches 106. The closure head 111 is then firmly locked in the force introduction part 104. This is the locking position of the locking bolt 125.

When the locking bolt 125 is raised, the locking extension 107 is released from the locking recess upwards, and the locking fingers 108 are released from the locking notches 106 upwards. Now the locking head 111 is unlocked and can move backwards. This is the unlocked position of the locking bolt 125.

A firing pin 119 passes through the locking pin 125 horizontally and in the center, based on the barrel 101.

For this purpose, the firing pin 119 passes through an elongated hole 131 in the locking pin 125, so that this can move between the locking position and unlocking position.

The firing pin 119, as can be seen in FIG. 4, has a shoulder or a thickening 129 in the rear part. In the locking bolt 125, the rear side of the elongated hole 131 is provided with a bevel 133 which extends obliquely upwards and forwards from below and behind. This bevel allows the firing pin 119 to dip into the locking pin 125 from behind when it is in the shown locking position. When the locking pin 125 moves upwards into its unlocked position, the bevel 133 pushes the thickening 129 of the firing pin 119 and thus backwards. The firing pin can therefore only reach its foremost position when the locking pin 125 is in its locking position, so that a cartridge 163 can only be fired in this position.

A spring, which is required in other weapons to push the firing pin 119 back, is replaced here by the positive control, which is realized by the bevel 133.

In the locking head 111 there is also a transverse shaft 189 behind the locking bolt 125, on which a central rocker arm 187 is rotatably seated. One leg of this rocker arm 187 engages under the coupling projection 183, the other leg stands up to below the closure support 113.

In front of this upstanding leg of the rocker arm 187 a locking projection 185 projecting downward is formed on the closure carrier 113, the front side of which is a has upward and forward bevel 193.

This arrangement works as follows:

In the locked position of the locking bolt 125 (lower position), the locking carrier 113 is in the foremost position (FIG. 2). The locking projection 185 sits over the locking bolt 125 and prevents it from being able to move out of its position. The position of the rocker arm 187 is as shown in FIG. 1.

If the closure carrier 113 is moved backwards by hand or by gas pressure, the locking projection 185 also runs backwards and releases the locking bolt 125. At the same time, the locking projection 185 runs against the vertical leg of the rocker arm 187 and subsequently pivots it (clockwise in the drawing). The horizontal leg of the rocker arm 187 lifts the coupling projection 183 and thus also the locking bolt 125. Its upper part now falls into a coupling groove 191, which is formed on the underside of the closure carrier 113 in front of the bevel 193. At the same time, the locking projection 185 runs onto the upper leg of the rocker arm 187 and keeps it tilted so that it holds the locking bolt 125 in the upper position in which it engages in the groove 191. The locking bolt 125 and thus the locking head 111 thus forcibly follows the movement of the locking carrier 113 to the rear. A housing design (not shown) engages under the locking bolt 125 from below and prevents it from falling down. The described connection between the parts is thus maintained. When the breech carrier 113 runs forward again, the breech head 111 first strikes against the rear of the barrel 101. At this point, the recesses 106, 105 of the force introduction part 104 are then located under the sections 108, 107 of the locking bolt 125 (see FIG. 3). The locking bolt can now fall down.

This downward movement is forced by the bevel 193 of the locking projection 185, which presses the locking bolt 125 downward when it runs open. At the same time, the rear of this locking projection 185 releases the rocker arm 187 so that it can pivot again into the position shown in FIG. 1. The gas piston 175, which is formed in one piece with the closure carrier 113, now runs against the front end of the gas cylinder 171. The locking head 111 is now locked. The locking pin 125 is in its lower position, in which the bevel 133 releases the firing pin 119.

The weapon is now ready to fire when a cartridge 163 is in the chamber 103.

As shown, the length of the cartridge case 165 is less than a third of the total return of the breech 111, 113. This means that the cartridge sleeve 165 is already fully extended from the cartridge chamber 103, even before the breech 111, 113 by the closing spring is braked noticeably. However, the acceleration phase of the closure 111, 113 is already complete, since the barrel 101 must be practically depressurized when the cartridge case 165 is fully extended.

In order to support the cartridge case 165, the butt plate 181 of the breechhead 111 is therefore provided with a provided at the edge web 195. It is more difficult to ensure the lateral hold of the cartridge case 165.

Here, reference is made to FIG. 4, which shows a horizontal section through the center of the closure head 111. The closure head 111 has two slot-shaped recesses 110 on both sides and symmetrically to one another, which runs out to the rear through a spring bore 197.

An extractor claw 161 is inserted into one of the cutouts 110 (the lower one), on which a spring (not shown) acts in the associated spring bore 197 via a plunger. The extractor claw 161 is pivotable about a vertical axis. In the other recess 110 there is a support body 199, which is also held by a vertical axis. This support body 199 is similar overall to the extractor claw 161, but is a little larger, so that it cannot move in the recess 110. In addition, the support body 199, unlike the extractor claw 161, does not encompass the cartridge base of a cartridge 163 located in the cartridge chamber 104. When changing the ejection direction, it is only necessary to replace the extractor claw 161 with the spring against the support body 199 and the ejector (not shown).

Claims

claims

1. Large-caliber rifle with a central force introduction part (104), the rear end of a barrel (191) and the locking abutments (105,

106) of a closure (111, 113), characterized in that the barrel (101) still has a gas extraction opening (173) in the force introduction part (104), and in that a gas cylinder (171) is firmly connected to the force introduction part (104), which is connected to the gas extraction opening (173).

2. Rifle according to claim 1, wherein the barrel (101) is provided with a cartridge chamber (103), characterized in that the gas extraction opening (173) is located near the upper end of the cartridge chamber and in a bore (173) in the force introduction part ( 104) opens, which opens into the front end of the gas cylinder (171).

3. Rifle according to claim 2, characterized in that the gas cylinder (171) is formed in the force introduction part (104) itself.

4. Rifle according to claim 2, characterized in that the bore (173) extends transversely to the firing direction

5. Rifle according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the gas cylinder (171) sits above the cartridge chamber (104).

6. Rifle according to one of claims 1 to 5, with a breech head (111) and a breech carrier (113), characterized in that the closure carrier (113) forms the gas piston (175).

7. Rifle according to claim 6, characterized in that a tube (169) with the breech carrier (113) is fixed or integrally connected, the gas cylinder (171) partially penetrates and is penetrated as a receiving tube for a closing spring.

8. Rifle according to claim 7, characterized in that a loading handle with the tube (169) is connected or can be connected.

9. Rifle according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that a locking bolt (125)

Locking head (111) is penetrated transversely and is pressed by the locking carrier (113) in its rest position into a locking position in which it engages in designs (105, 106) of the force introduction part (104) and thereby locks the locking head (111).

10. Rifle according to claim 9, characterized in that a rocker arm (187) is arranged in the breech head (111), engages on the one hand in the movement path of the breech carrier (113) and on the other hand in the movement path of the locking bolt (125) and at a movement of the closure carrier (113) from its rest position pulls out the locking bolt (125) from the formations (105, 106) of the force introduction part (104).

11. Rifle according to claim 10, characterized in that the extended locking bolt (125) engages in the breech carrier (113), so that with it Movement of the locking bolt (125) and thus the locking head (111) is carried.

12. Rifle according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the locking bolt (125) has an elongated hole (131) which is penetrated by the firing pin (119), and in that the firing pin (119) behind the locking bolt (125) Heel (129), and that the slot (131) has a bevel (133) to the rear which engages and pushes back the heel (129) of the firing pin (119) when the locking pin (125) is out of engagement with the training (105, 106) of the force introduction part (104) is pulled.

13. Rifle according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that two recesses (110) are formed in the breech head (111) transversely to the locking bolt (125), into each of which a bore (197) for a pressure bolt and a from behind these forward-pressing spring are designed such that an extractor (161) which can be pivoted against the force of the pressure pin is inserted into one of the cutouts (110) and that a supporting element (199) is immovably inserted into the opposite cutout (110), which, opposite the extractor (161), laterally supports the bottom of a cartridge (179) or cartridge case (165).