AT401308B - CLOSURE FOR FIREARMS - Google Patents

Description

AT 401 308 B

The invention relates to a breech for firearms according to the preamble of claim 1.

A closure for firearms is u. a. from DE-OS 34 32 537 known and includes a lock housing, an adjoining closure body and a control piece arranged in the closure body, which is relatively adjustable via a clamping lever. The control piece can be moved via the tensioning lever in such a way that the locking or spreading elements protruding through the locking body can emerge from corresponding recesses on the inside of the locking housing in such a way that the unlocking process is brought about.

In addition, numerous closure arrangements with expansion elements have become known, which can even have the most varied of shapes. All previously known locking devices with corresponding locking or spreading elements, however, generally require a control part or control piece which can be actuated via the tensioning lever and displaced relative to a locking body in such a way that the spreading and locking elements, which are designed as separate components, when locking. tion process in the recesses provided on the inner wall of the breech housing and to hold it there during the ignition in the locked state.

Although in DE-OS 34 32 537 the advantage is realized that, especially when used as a sport rifle, the cocking lever is essentially only axially displaceable, this known locking device also has a relatively large number of components which, due to their relatively complicated shape, have manufacturing costs which are not insignificant cause. In addition, this, like other known closure devices, must be completely enclosed in a closure housing, so that the locking elements cannot protrude from the closure body when the closure is open and thereby prevent closure. For this reason, especially with larger cartridges, there is a relatively long design, which is often undesirable for hunting weapons.

A control device-free closure device has become known from GB-PS 1 119 782. Here too, a locking element can be locked using a tensioning lever. A locking element is moved in the transverse direction in the locked position via a peg-shaped extension on a lever arm of the rotatably mounted tensioning lever. The firing pin is stretched over an inclined plane on the locking element. This also has the advantage that only one axial movement is necessary for locking and unlocking. However, this advantage is negated by the great effort that is required to carry out the unlocking process. Because the inevitably necessary short effective area causes great friction losses when the firing pin is tensioned. Because of these friction losses and additionally unfavorable leverage ratios, this locking device is only suitable for small calibers or low-performance cartridges, which is why the locking device known from GB-PS 1 119 782 has not proven itself in practice.

The object of the present invention is therefore to provide, based on the last-mentioned prior art, a locking device for firearms, which consists of relatively few and also simply shaped parts and which can be locked and unlocked with easy handling and little effort. The breech arrangement should enable optimal movement and handling both for single-load weapons and for repeating and self-loading weapons.

The object is achieved according to the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

The present invention for the first time creates a breech for firearms which, in addition to a breech body, requires no further control piece which can be adjusted by means of a clamping lever. This allows for considerable simplifications. In addition, a locking or spreading element can be formed directly in one piece with the tensioning lever, whereby a further simplification is achieved. If additional locking or spreading elements are provided, these are synchronized by the sequence of movements with the other locking or spreading elements.

In addition, despite the extremely simple construction of the closure device according to the invention, an optimal sequence of movements can be realized, in which, for example, the tensioning lever only has to be moved in the axial direction in order to unlock, tension and lock again. In the synchronous control of the locking elements according to the invention, partially toothed round bodies can be used on the outer circumference, but a single tooth on one locking element which engages in a corresponding fork of another locking element can be sufficient. The expansion and locking elements can consist of flaps as well as flattened rollers or disks. Another advantage lies in the fact that the clamping lever can be attached anywhere on the locking elements left or right

Since extremely massive expansion elements are also possible according to the invention, the closure arrangement according to the invention can also be used for the strongest calibers. 2nd

AT 401 308 B

According to the invention it is provided that the pivotable expansion and locking elements in the closure body can be rotated about an axis mounted there, in a further development of the invention the tensioning lever can only be pivoted about the axis common to the connected locking or expansion element during a first section of the adjustment path . After unlocking, the tensioning lever can then be moved further in the axial direction, with the entire closure body then being moved further away from the running end.

According to a further development according to claim, there are not only advantages in terms of production technology if the tensioning lever and associated expansion and locking element are designed as a one-piece component. However, according to a further development according to claim 4, it is also possible for the tensioning lever and the spreading and locking elements to be pivotable about two separate axes of rotation in the closure body and to be connected to one another via a push rod.

In order to enable a synchronous drive between at least two locking elements in each case, these can mesh with one another on a partial circumference in the manner of gearwheels.

In order to facilitate the removal of a cartridge case in the tube or barrel gill, a relative movement of the closure body to the closure housing can be carried out shortly before the end of the unlocking process by means of a lever transmission via the tensioning lever, so that the cartridge is removed via a catch.

In order to simultaneously tension the striking spring again during the unlocking process, a tensioning link is provided in a preferred embodiment according to claim 10, by means of which the firing pin is initially tensioned against the force of the striking spring at the start of the unlocking process. In an alternative embodiment according to claims 12 and 13, the same effect takes place by means of an inclined active surface on the tensioning lever.

In order to prevent accidental opening of the closure, an additional spring holding the tensioning lever in its closed position can be provided in the embodiment according to claim 14. A short overall length of the closure body and lower frictional moments during the locking process are ensured in a particularly preferred embodiment according to claim 15 in that after the unlocking of the spreading and locking elements the tensioning lever is held in this open position.

When locking, the catch provided according to claim 15 automatically opens again on the last section of the closing process, so that the spreading and locking elements can automatically assume their locking position again.

Claim 18 relates to an advantageous embodiment of the expansion and locking elements with the associated synchronous drive for self-loading.

Further advantages, details and features of the invention result below from the exemplary embodiments illustrated with the aid of drawings. One shows:

FIG. 1: a schematic, greatly simplified detail of a horizontal section through an embodiment of the closure device according to the invention in the locking position;

FIG. 2: a representation corresponding to FIG. 1 in the unlocked state;

Figure 3: a partial perspective simplified representation of the closure body with a

Spreading and locking element and associated tensioning lever;

FIG. 4: a partially vertical longitudinal section through a further exemplary embodiment of a locking device in the locked position, the parts 7, 11, 33 and 35 being cut along the line IV-IV in FIG. 5.

Figure 5: a schematic partial horizontal sectional view through the embodiment like. Figure 4;

FIG. 6: a weather representation of the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 and 5 in a tensioned and slightly open position;

FIG. 7: a further exemplary embodiment of a tensioning lever with an integrated expansion and locking element in a perspective view;

Figure 8: another embodiment with an additional push rod;

Figure 9; a schematic detailed view with an integrated clamping mechanism for the striking spring;

Figure 10: an example similar to Figures 4 to 6, which is about a device for closing the

Closure with the thumb extended;

Figure 11: another embodiment in a simplified sectional view for self-loading.

1 to 3 show a first simplified exemplary embodiment of a breech for rifles. In the drawings, reference number 1 denotes a barrel with a cartridge chamber and a third

AT 401 308 B adjoining closure housing 3 is shown, into which recesses 5 are made on the inner wall for receiving the locking or spreading elements and a longitudinal slot 9, through which a clamping lever 11 with its outer clamping handle 13 projects. The clamping lever 11 is formed in one piece with the one locking and expanding element 7 in the exemplary embodiment shown and rotate together about an axis 15 which is mounted in a closure body 17, which in turn is axially displaceable in a longitudinal recess in the closure housing 3 in the unlocked state.

Furthermore, the firing pin 19 is still mounted in the closure body 3.

The second locking and spreading element 7 'shown also rotates about a further axis 15' mounted in the closure body 17. Both locking and spreading elements 7 and 7 'mesh with each other on a partial circumference, as a result of which a synchronous drive is created by the tooth engagement thus formed. In addition, the locking and spreading elements 7 and 7 'are provided with a flat 21, with which they rest in the unlocked position against a stop 23 in the closure body 17.

When the tensioning handle 13 is withdrawn in the direction of the arrow 25, the locking elements 7 are rotated synchronously via the tensioning lever 11 and synchronized with the further locking element 7 'via the tooth engagement, the locking elements 7 and 7' being rotated until their flattening 21 on Stop 23 of the closure body 17 abut. In this position, the clamping lever 11 and the locking elements 7 and 7 'can not be rotated further and now give the recesses 5 completely free.

If the tensioning lever 11 is tightened further, it will now continue to be displaced in the direction of arrow 25 in the axial direction, but without causing any further rotation. Together with the tensioning lever 11, the locking body 17 will thus move in the axial direction from the position shown in FIG. 1 to the position shown in FIG shifted to the right, with an additional hook-shaped extractor 27 attached to the closure body 17 pulling the cartridge or cartridge case shown in FIG. 1 to the rear, where it is ejected by a known type of ejector, not shown.

When closing, the closure body is moved back to its initial position up to an end stop to the left until the locking elements 7 and 7 'come to rest immediately next to the recesses 5 and now when pivoting the clamping lever 11 against the arrow direction 25 with these carry out a rotary movement together about the axes 15 and 15 'and thus assume the locked position.

In the example shown, a cartridge is ignited by a striker (not shown) or by a percussion valve which, after actuation of the trigger, hits the firing pin end 29 and drives its opposite tip 31 into the primer. By pulling back the closure body, the percussion valve or the percussion piece is also pushed back and thereby tensioned against the pressure of a spring.

When using an electrical ignition system, the firing pin must be installed insulated.

Nevertheless, this also creates a functional weapon with very few and, in addition, simple mechanical components.

In the following, reference is made to a further exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 to 6, in which similar components to FIGS. 1 to 3 are provided with identical reference symbols.

The mode of operation in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 4 to 6, wherein the barrel 1 is not shown in the drawing, is identical to the exemplary embodiment explained above. In the embodiment according to Figures 4 to 6, however, the clamping lever 11 is angular. This makes it possible that the closure housing 3 no longer has to be slotted in the region of the locking elements 7 and T.

In order to be able to tension the firing pin 19 mounted within the closure body 17 during a first adjustment path of the tensioning lever 11, a tensioning link 35 is fastened by means of an axle pin 33. The firing pin 19 is pressurized by a striking spring 37, which is supported on an end screw 39. The firing pin 19 has at its rear end a vertically upwardly projecting pin 41 and a downwardly projecting catch 43.

If the tensioning lever 11 is now pivoted by pulling back the tensioning handle 13, the tensioning link 35 is simultaneously pivoted about the axle bolt 33 and moved to the rear.

Since the tensioning link 35 is provided at the end opposite the axle pin 33 with a fork receiving the pin 41, this pivoting movement is thus transmitted rearward to the firing pin 19 against the striking spring 37 and the spring is tensioned.

The firing pin catch 43 is gripped in a known manner in the tensioned state by a catch lever 47 rotatably mounted about the axis 45 and this in turn is held in a known manner by a trigger mechanism, not shown. The position of the catch 43 and the catch lever 47 in the tensioned state is shown in dashed lines in FIG. 4th

AT 401 308 B

If one connects the center points of the pin 41, the axle bolt 33 and the locking element 7 located in FIG. 5 with a line, it can be seen that the tensioning lever 11 and the tensioning link 35 are pivoted in a tensioned state according to FIG thereby no longer show an inclination to return to the starting position according to FIG. 5. As a result, the locking body can slide in the locking housing in the unlocked state with very little friction, since no forces are exerted by the locking elements on the housing wall. Furthermore, the breech housing can be made very short even with very long cartridges, since the locking or expansion elements no longer have to be covered by the breech housing when the breech is withdrawn. 5 and 6 there is also provided the locking bolt 49 shown there, which sits in an axial bore in the closure body and is pressurized by a spring 51 supported on the closure screw 39. The locking pin 49 can cooperate at the base of the V-shaped clamping lever 11 provided detent 53. Is namely when unlocking the clamping lever about the axis 15 pivoted with the locking element 7 in the unlocked position until the locking elements 7 and 7 'abut with their flattened 21 against the stop 23, the locking pin 49 is pressed into the catch 53 in this position as soon as the Closure body 17 is moved backwards and thus holds the tensioning lever 11 firmly in this position in the unlocked position. This prevents unintentional pivoting of the locking or spreading elements 7 and 7 'in the event of malfunctions (for example a cartridge jammed in the magazine). Finally, the closure housing can be made much shorter since the locking elements do not have to be covered by the closure housing when the closure is retracted.

When the closure closes shortly before reaching the foremost position before the locking elements are rotated again, a pin 55 attached in the locking pin 49 strikes a stop edge 57 at the end of a slot and is no longer held back when the closure unit is pushed in further. As a result, in the last section of the forward movement of the tensioning lever, immediately before the closure body 17 has reached its foremost position, it is released again for rotation.

In addition, another powerful compression spring 59 and the associated pressurized pressure pin 61 are shown in Figures 5 and 6, which also pressed with its end face on the tension arm 35.

This ensures that the clamping lever is held in its locked position and cannot be accidentally pivoted into its open position solely due to gravity.

In this embodiment, therefore, only extremely low friction components are generated when the closure body is moved, which results in improved smoothness. In addition, the compression spring 59 enables further protection against unintentional unlocking. Finally, the V-shaped tensioning lever finally avoids a slot 5 weakening the recesses 5 for the tensioning lever. In addition, all of the work to be done to tension the impact spring is applied during a first adjustment path of the tensioning lever, where it is least perceived as annoying.

In addition, the closure housing 3 can also be made from an inexpensive square tube, in which the recesses 5 can be easily machined by drilling or milling in the last-described embodiment. In addition, the tensioning lever 11 as well as the tensioning link 35 and the tooth engagement for the synchronous drive including the locking element can be manufactured as stamped parts.

Especially for larger calibres, the tensioning lever can be shaped as shown in FIG. 7, and in this embodiment too the tensioning lever can be stamped and bent from sheet metal.

The locking elements 7 and T are here U-shaped in cross-section to achieve a double synchronous engagement. The attachment to the closure body on the axes 15 and 15 'can be done by inserting bolts through corresponding holes 63. In this embodiment, in the locked state, the forces acting on the breech body during the firing of the shot are absorbed by the front bearing surfaces 65 and transmitted to the breech housing 3 via the rear support surfaces 67.

FIG. 8 shows a further modification insofar as here the tensioning lever 11 is mounted in the closure body 17 via an axis 69 which is separate from axes 15 and 15 'for the locking elements 7 and T. The pivoting movement during the first or last adjustment path of the tensioning lever 11 is transmitted here directly to lugs 73 on the locking elements 7 and T via a push rod 71 which is axially displaceable in a longitudinal recess. FIG. 8 also shows the statements made with reference to FIG. 7 about the support of the forces absorbed via the contact surface 65 and the rear support surface 67. 5

AT 401 308 B Spreading elements can also be arranged offset to one another in the axial direction via the push rod. The synchronous drive of the individual locking elements is retained.

The tensioning lever 11 itself is connected to the pushing rod 71 via a pin 75 provided on the push rod 71 and projecting in a transverse slot at the end of the tensioning lever 11. 5 In FIG. 8, a bolt 77, which is firmly connected to the breech housing 3, is also arranged in the longitudinal slot for the push rod 71. If the push rod 71 is moved to the front via the tensioning lever 13 in FIG. 8 during the unlocking process, it abuts the aforementioned bolt 77 shortly before the locking and spreading elements 7 and 7 * have completely opened the recesses 5. Since the rear support surfaces 67 are designed in such a way that in the position shown in FIG. 8 they are a small gap away from the corresponding contact surface 79 in the closure body 17, a slight axial movement of the closure body is made possible even with partial unlocking. Due to the large transmission ratio of the clamping lever 11 via its axis 69, a possibly jamming cartridge case can be easily removed with little effort using the extractor 27 shown in the first exemplary embodiment. Is of course, for example, in Figure 8, the push rod 71 itself can be designed as a rack, in which case the lugs 73 are also tooth-shaped.

In the following, reference is made to the schematic exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9, in which a closure device for a gas pressure charger is shown. For this purpose, the barrel is tapped with a small hole at a suitable point. This bore opens into a cylinder-piston unit. from which the rod 81 shown in FIG. 9 then protrudes. As soon as the projectile has passed the bore in the barrel, gas enters the cylinder and accelerates the piston to which the rod 81 is attached in the direction of the arrow, whereby the tensioning lever 11 is also moved and the unlocking process is started. Such gas pistons are generally known, so that a detailed description can thus be dispensed with. 25 After the unlocking process is completed. is thrown back by the remaining gas pressure, the entire closure assembly with the empty cartridge case against the pressure of a closing spring, not shown, and then advanced again by this, a new cartridge z. B. is inserted from a magazine into the barrel.

The closing spring advantageously engages the tensioning lever 11 so that it is rotated again and thus the locking is effected. The special shape of the clamping lever prevents the cartridge from being ignited when the breech is not locked. In addition, in the embodiment shown, during the first pivoting movement of the tensioning lever over its inclined plane 83, which interacts with a pin 41 on the firing pin 19 already shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the tensioning process of the striking spring 37 is automatically effected. In the tensioned state, the pin 41 engages in a recess 85 on the inclined plane 83.

The locking elements can also be formed here in connection with the recesses 5 on the inside of the closure housing 3 in such a way that they have the function explained with reference to FIG. 8 when they are attached to the bolt 77.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIGS. 4 to 6, locking of the locking device can also be made possible, for example, by pressing with the thumb onto the end screw 39 projecting behind and displaced with the locking body towards the rear, and thus the tensioning lever back into its locking position is pushed back and pivoted. However, this is only possible if the closure is closed so quickly that, due to the moment of inertia of the clamping handle 13, the clamping lever 11 overcomes the dead center described in FIGS. 4 to 6 45 and is pivoted towards its final locking position as soon as the closing body is its has reached the foremost position.

In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10, this measure is guaranteed by the fact that here, for example, a pin 87 protruding upward from the tensioning lever interacts with a slide plate 91 designed to the rear with a rear thumb rest 89, which is thus provided with oblique vents 93. When pressed onto the thumb rest 89, the tensioning lever 11 is thus securely advanced to its front end position and then pivoted securely and easily into its locking position via the pin 87 and the oblique ridges 93 on the sliding plate 91.

Finally, reference is made to Rgur 11, in which an arrangement of the locking and expanding elements is shown schematically. as can be used with recoil loaders. Check valve caps 55 are mainly used in self-loading pistols

Due to the recoil that occurs when the shot is fired, the entire breech assembly with barrel 1 and breech housing 3 is slidably mounted on a separate handle 95. moved to the rear On one of the two expansion elements 7, a pin 97 is fastened, which in a guide slot 6

Claims (18)

AT 401 308 B 99 engages in handle 95. After the breech unit has traveled a predetermined distance after firing a shot, the pin 97 meets an inclined step 101 provided in the guide slot 99, as a result of which the expansion elements 7 and T are pressed inwards. After unlocking, the closure 103 now slides back without the closure housing 3. It is understood that here, as is known, a closing spring is tensioned, which then leads the entire arrangement back into the starting position. 1. Closure for firearms, in particular for sports weapons and hunting rifles, with a control-piece-free locking device with a breech housing (3) which adjoins a barrel in the axial direction at the rear, with an internal, axially adjustable and preferably adjustable in its foremost position at least indirectly pretensioned clamping lever (11) displaceable closure body (17) and at least one locking element (7) arranged in the closure body (17), which is latched in a locked position in a recess (5) made in the inner wall of the closure housing (34) and can be locked and unlocked with the tensioning lever (11), characterized in that at least one locking and expanding element (7) provided with the tensioning lever (11) and / or at least one further locking or expanding element (7 ') via a synchronous drive for locking and unlocking together, preferably two se about an axis (15, 15 ') mounted in the closure body (17), for which purpose the locking or spreading element (7,7') is provided with an axis (15, 15 ') mounted in the closure body (17). 2. Closure according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping lever (11) and at least one locking or spreading element (7) is designed as a common component rotatable about a common pivot axis (15). 3. Closure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the clamping lever (11) when unlocking during the unlocking phase only pivotable about its pivot axis (15, 69) mounted in the closure body (17) with the locking or spreading element (15) connected to it and in a subsequent movement phase with the closure body (17) in a longitudinal recess in the closure housing (3) is axially displaceable. 4. Closure according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the tensioning lever (11) and the at least one locking or expanding element (7, 7 ') can be pivoted about two separate pivoting axes (69, 11) and via a push rod extending in the axial direction ( 71) can be unlocked and locked as a synchronous drive. 5. Closure according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in each case at least two expansion or locking elements (7, 7 ') mesh with each other to achieve a synchronous drive on a partial circumferential region. 6. Closure according to claim 5, characterized in that at least two latching or expanding elements (7, 7 ') are interlocked with each other on a partial circumferential area. 7. Closure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the expansion or locking elements (7, 7 ') are provided with a flattened portion (21) with which they are in the unlocked state on a corresponding stop (23) on the closure body (17). 8. Closure according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the pivoting range of the expansion or locking elements (7, 7 ') or the tensioning lever (11) is limited by a stop (bolt 77) anchored in the closure body (17) and that on a last pivoting area of the locking or spreading elements (7,7 *) in the unlocking direction between the rear support surface (67) for supporting the expanding or locking elements (7,7 *) and the associated contact surface (79) in the recess ( 5) in the closure housing (3) an axial relative movement between the closure body (17) and the closure housing (3) is already provided for a spacing gap. 9. Closure according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a at the rear end of the closure housing (3) projecting sliding plate (91) with an internal inclined surface (93) 7 AT 401 308 B is provided, which for returning the tensioning lever ( 11) cooperates in the locked position with a pin (87) provided on this. 10. Closure according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that a tensioning arm (35) is articulated on the tensioning lever (11), via its rear end during a first pivoting path of the tensioning lever (11) from its locking position to the firing pin (19) the force of an impact spring (37) can be axially displaced in a firing pin catch (43) until a catch lever (47) engages. 11. Closure according to claim 10, characterized in that the tensioning link (35) cooperates with the firing pin (19) via a pin / fork engagement. 12. Closure according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an inclined surface (83) is formed on the clamping lever (11), which cooperates with a pin (41) on the firing pin (19) such that during a first pivoting range of the Clamping lever (11) in the unlocked position of the firing pin (19) can be moved axially against the force of a striking spring (37) until a catch lever (47) engages. 13. Closure according to claim 12, characterized in that during the unlocking process in the tensioned state of the firing pin (19) the projecting pin (41) engages in a corresponding recess (85) of the inclined surface (83) on the clamping lever (11). 14. Closure according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a biasing spring (59) is provided at the rear end of the closure body (17), which, at least indirectly, preferably via the tensioning link (35), the tensioning lever (11) depending on whose position in its development or Locking position pressurized. 15. Closure according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the clamping lever (11) is provided with a catch (53), in which in the unlocking position a spring-loaded locking bolt (49) mounted in the closure body (17) engages, which before Reaching the last section of the adjustment path of the closure body (17) in the locking direction is held immovably relative to the closure housing (3) by a pin (55) formed on the locking pin (49) with the release of the tensioning lever (11). 16. Closure according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that in the case of recoil loader locks on at least one of the expansion and locking elements (7, 7 ') which are operatively connected to one another via a synchronous drive, a pin (97) is seated, which is in a positive guidance ( Guide slot 99) engages in a handle (95), the positive guide (99) in a first section of the expansion and locking elements (7,7 *) in their closed position and via an oblique step (101) in a subsequent second section in the unlocked position holds. 17. Closure according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the locking or spreading elements (7, 7 ') and / or the tensioning lever (11) are made of flat metal parts, preferably stamped. 18. Closure according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the locking or spreading elements (7,7 *) in vertical section U-shaped, each with a double engagement with a further locking or spreading element (7,7 *) the leg ends of the U-shape are formed. Including 5 sheets of drawings 8