EP1147359B1 - Locking device for a hand gun - Google Patents

Abstract

A bolt assembly for use in a firearm is disclosed which is movably arranged in a weapon housing and which includes a bolt carrier and a bolt head. The bolt head can be alternately inserted in at least two positions in the weapon housing to adapt the firearm to eject spent cartridge casings in a desired direction. The bolt assembly also includes an extractor which is fastened laterally on the bolt or bolt head for withdrawing a cartridge casing from a barrel of the weapon housing during return of the bolt assembly, and an ejector integrated in the bolt mechanism which removes the cartridge casing from the bolt assembly after extraction from the barrel.

Description

The invention relates to a closure device for the Installation in a handgun, according to the preamble of the claim 1.

Such a closure device is from FR-A-2 215 600 known. Closure devices are also known at which the closure head has a radial pin, which engages in a backdrop that serves as a curve (see e.g. DE-A-32 44 315).

A similar closure device is also from CH-A-580 269 known. After the shooting process, the shutter moves towards the back and a claw-like extractor on the closure surface pulls the empty cartridge case out of the barrel. The sleeve ejection is then brought about by the ejector, which when the lock is moved back against the Cartridge case bottom bumps. This will cause the cartridge to become sideways tilted and ejected through an opening in the weapon housing. The position of the shutter can be for right or left ejection be changed.

In the case of simpler self-loading devices, e.g. with the Soviet Assault rifle AK-47 ("Kalashnikov"), the case ejection brought about by a projection fixed to the housing, against which the cartridge case bottom when driving back of the closure bounces.

The shootout described above can also by the shooter can be brought about manually. This is e.g. necessary if a cartridge does not ignite during the shooting process and does not fire automatically is ejected. The shooter must then by hand load, whereupon the still full cartridge is ejected becomes. The term used in connection with the invention Cartridge case therefore does not only refer to empty shot Sleeves, but also cartridges loaded on the sleeves.

The terms used here, such as "front", "top", "Left" etc. refer to a horizontal one Shot properly positioned weapon, being the direction of the shot is forward. The same applies to the Direction information used here ("to the front", "to above "," to the left "etc.).

Today's self-loading rifles and submachine guns are in the Usually set up for right-handed use only. at these guns are the sleeves during the shooting process on the right side ejected. A left-handed shooter holding the gun fired from the left shoulder runs the risk of getting hit on the right arm by the flying sleeves. This represents a significant nuisance to the shooter represents and makes the left use of such a weapon problematic.

For handguns in the so-called bullpup design Magazine and lock behind, instead of placed in front of the trigger. The sleeve ejection located above the magazine is located therefore with the weapon on next to or immediately in front of Face. Ejected pods would help a left-handed shooter a right-handed weapon directly to the head or fly in the face. The shooting with the left hand is therefore extremely dangerous with a bullpup throwing to the right, if not impossible since the gunner doesn't have the gun can properly put on, but is forced to use the weapon to keep forward from the body.

The problems described above make it clear why military personnel Lefties are forced to use right handed weapons relearn on the right. Because of the desired Standardization of equipment often stands no other Weapons available. Weapons for left-handed use but can the marksmanship and the safe handling of the weapon significantly improve in left-handers.

Weapons have been known for a long time, the one in the middle have arranged sleeve ejection, so that the sleeves after be ejected at the top. An example of this is that US self-loading rifle M1 Garand. Such a sleeve ejection allows the weapon to be fired from both shoulders. adversely with this arrangement, however, is that the shooter from the sleeves that fly out can be easily hit on the head can, e.g. for shots "from the hip", or if occasional Sleeves wrong, i.e. Fly out diagonally to the rear. A bullet ejection is used for bullpup-style weapons rather unsuitable, since the sleeves, as described above, be thrown out at the point where the shooter goes to Aiming his head at the weapon.

Furthermore, handguns are known, which are a conversion allow from right to left ejection and vice versa. So for example the French assault rifle FAMAS, a bullpup construction, with the pull-out claw optionally two places can be attached to the closure surface, so that the empty pods are ejected either on the right or left become. The weapon housing has ejection chutes on both sides, the one not required by a Cheek protection is covered. Another example is that Austrian bullpup rifle Steyr AUG, which is similar As with the FAMAS, mount the pull-out claw on both sides leaves.

In the closure device mentioned at the beginning (CH 580 269 A5) will be a switch between right and left ejection thereby causing the locking head from an installed position is implemented in the other.

In addition, another closure body is from DE-GM 18 58 576 known, in which an ejector is housed next to the extractor is.

Furthermore, from DE 28 12 732 B2 is a closure carrier and closure head constructed closure, in which the closure head has a radial pin which fits into a as a curve guide backdrop of the closure carrier intervenes.

The present invention has for its object that Switching the sleeve ejection between right and left ejection to further simplify.

This object is achieved with the subject matter of claim 1, So in that with a closure device the features of the preamble of claim 1 of the closure carrier at least two serving as guided tours Has elongated holes, and the closure head has a pin, depending on the installation position of the locking head engages in a specific slot.

The locking head is thus in its respective by the pin Installation position secured. By simply loosening the Pen from its engagement in the slot can the locking head then be transferred from one installation position to the other. This will - due to the integration of the extractor and ejector in the breech head - the direction of the sleeve ejection changed accordingly. Further work steps are not required as extractors and ejectors in their mutual relative position on the closure or closure head remain and be implemented with this. So you can the sleeve ejection in battle is not "on the fly" change from right to left. The changeover time is considerable shortened. In addition, no replacement parts are required - but can of course also be provided become.

The pin can be moved within the respective elongated hole arranged and so that he the course of the slot can follow if the closure carrier and head against each other be moved. The elongated hole, hereinafter also the backdrop called, is preferably arcuate and although particularly preferred so that the led over the pen Lock head when moving the lock back and forth or closure carrier initially in the circumferential direction twisted and only then follows the locking movement. The rotation the locking head serves to lock and unlock of the closure. This works as follows: At the ancestor a new cartridge from the magazine fed and from the breech head into the cartridge chamber (ie the part of the barrel that holds the cartridge). The breech head is then on the cartridge chamber or cartridge bottom on and stops while the fastener or fastener carrier drives a little further forward. The Closure and the closure head are against each other in this way moved and the pen moves within of the arcuate slot from front to back. The pencil is shifted in the circumferential direction of the closure, so that the closure head is rotated accordingly. Thereby the lock is locked, i.e. movement of the breech head locked to the rear. For example, this will brought about by the fact that locking lugs seated on the breech head by twisting it into a suitable counterpart intervene on the cartridge chamber. After firing the cartridge the closure or closure carrier moves back and twists the breech head in the circumferential direction as described, but this time in the opposite direction, so that the lock is unlocked again. Finally reached the pen is the front end of the backdrop and is used by Pulled the fastener backwards (and with it the fastener head). Due to the delayed opening of the cartridge chamber it is ensured that the closure is closed for so long remains until the projectile leaves the barrel and the gas pressure drops has decreased.

The feature according to the invention, two installation positions for the closure head It is particularly advantageous to provide if at the two ejection openings (a handgun with convertible sleeve ejection usually has two ejection openings) Dust flaps are attached by the shutter or Closure head for the sleeve ejection can be opened. This happens through a projection on the breech head, which at Retraction of the lock against a nose on the dust flap bounces and thereby pushes it open. In this case the projection can be designed so that it, depending in which position the breech head is installed, the "correct" dust flap opens (i.e. the dust flap which is in the sleeve ejection direction). Such an arrangement is entitled in another application by the applicant "Arrangement for opening the dust flaps of a handgun" described (sign of the representative: H0473-083-DEP00Sk), the has the same filing date as the present invention.

It is also an alternative to moving the locking head conceivable, the sleeve ejection by replacing the closure head convert. In this case there is a locking head for right ejection and one for left ejection to provide.

Advantageous embodiments of the Invention specified. Claims 2 to 5 essentially concern the closure, the claims 6 to 9 essentially the ejector.

In an advantageous embodiment (according to claim 2) the closure carrier as a substantially can-shaped hollow body trained, into which the closure head can be inserted. Moving the breech head is particularly easy Way possible. In a preferred embodiment Closure carrier and closure head designed so that the Breechhead inside the breech carrier around its in Longitudinal direction of the central axis is rotatable. This allows the installation position of the locking head to be freely selected.

According to the installation position of the closure head specified by the pen. The closure head points to this preferably (according to claim 3) a transverse bore into which the pen is insertable. The pin (preferably Claim 4) a holding hole through which one, the closure or locking head penetrating in the longitudinal direction Firing pin is guided. When installing, the first Insert the pin in the cross hole and then the firing pin passed through the holding hole. The pen is thus from Firing pin held in place. Alternatively it is possible to secure the pin by the ejector by this (instead of the firing pin) penetrates the pin.

Due to the above arrangement, it is possible to start with the breech head insert into the fastener carrier and then the Pin from outside through the elongated hole of the fastener carrier in make the cross hole. This allows the locking head anchor in the fastener carrier in a simple manner. For more than two installation positions of the locking head are appropriate to provide many elongated holes on the fastener carrier.

In a preferred embodiment (according to claim 5) points the closure carrier two diametrically opposite one another Elongated holes or backdrops.

The configurations described here relate to the Combination of a pen with at least two sets. Nevertheless, the closure device can also be designed in this way be two or more pens (in combination with one corresponding number of scenes) the location of the Secure the locking head or guide its movement.

The extractor is on the side of the closure surface, the so-called "Push floor", attached and holds the cartridge or The cartridge case is usually only fixed on one side. The the front end of the puller is preferably claw-like, so that the edge of the sleeve bottom from the pull-out claw is attacked. After firing the cartridge (or during manual loading) the shutter moves or Breech head back and pulls the cartridge case with the pull-out claw out of the barrel. The pusher then comes across against the sleeve bottom, so that the sleeve is on a Side is still caught by the pull-out claw, around this is tilted to the side. Loosened by the tilting movement the cartridge case finally comes out of the handle of the pull-out claw and flies out of the side of the case. In order to the pusher easily releases the sleeve from the one-sided clasp can "tip out" through the pull-out claw, and thus the sleeve flies away to the side, it is advantageous if the The point of impact of the ejector, if possible, on that of the stop the extractor and the center of gravity of the cartridge case opposite side is arranged. These points lie however, on the same side, there is a risk that the Cartridge case more due to the force of the ejector at the front (and less towards the side) from the handle of the pull-out claw is encountered. The sleeve could then easily be attached to the weapon housing get caught and cause a jam. The pusher is therefore (according to claim 6) on the impact floor in the arranged essentially diametrically opposite the extractor, preferably in such a way that the middle of one lying against the impact floor Cartridge on an imaginary line between extractors and pusher lies. Moreover, this explains why it is for a change of the sleeve ejection is advantageous, in addition the extractor to implement the ejector.

In a preferred embodiment (according to claim 7) the ejector is designed as a plunger and is set up to to push the breech or breech head lengthways. When the lock is locked, the plunger (according to claim 8) arranged so that the front end of the plunger is sunk in the breech or breech head, i.e. it is behind the bumper, while its rear End preferred over the closure or closure head protrudes behind. When retracting the lock or The plunger moves the plunger head with its rear end on a stop fixed to the housing so that it stands remains. The shutter retracts further so that the front End of the plunger forward from the breech or breech head comes out and against the bottom one in the lock or breech head located cartridge sleeve. The cartridge case will be as described above Ejected way.

The rear end of the plunger protrudes when the lock is retracted, as described above, preferably to the rear the breech or breech head. This allows the Stop behind that claimed by the locking movement Area. In this case, for example a simple paragraph in the gun case or the front one Use the end of the shoulder rest as a stop. Is the pestle however, not to the rear, the stop must be so be trained so that when the shutter moves back penetrates this or the closure head.

After the sleeve has been ejected, the closure moves forward again and reloads a new cartridge. It is basically conceivable the plunger protrude forward over the impact floor to let up the plunger with its front end on the new cartridge to be loaded and from this in its starting position is pushed back. For one if possible trouble-free reloading, it is much more advantageous if the front end of the plunger is already locked or locking head is sunk. The plunger is therefore (after Claim 9) preferably loaded by a spring to the rear, from which he reliably in the closure or closure head is pushed back as soon as the lock moves forward. The movement of the ram is to the rear by a stop limited so that the plunger by the force of the spring not moved further than its starting position and remains there.

Fig. 1a

eine Schnittdarstellung der Draufsicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Verschlußvorrichtung mit einem Verschlußkopf in einer seiner Einbaulagen;

Fig. 1b

eine Fig. 1a entsprechende Darstellung mit dem Verschlußkopf in einer weiteren Einbaulage;

Fig. 2

eine (nicht maßstäbliche) Schnittdarstellung einer Seitenansicht des Verschlußträgers aus Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

eine Rückansicht des Verschlusses aus Fig. 1a.

The invention will now be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. The attached schematic drawing shows:

Fig. 1a

a sectional view of the top view of a closure device according to the invention with a closure head in one of its installation positions;

Fig. 1b

a representation corresponding to FIG. 1a with the closure head in a further installation position;

Fig. 2

a (not to scale) sectional view of a side view of the closure carrier of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3

a rear view of the closure of Fig. 1a.

Fig. 1 shows a closure 1, which consists of a closure carrier 3 and a closure head 5 is composed. On ram-like ejector 7 is movable in the through holes 9a and 9d, with its rear end Exemption 9b or 9c enforced. The movement of the ejector 7 is forward through a shoulder-like narrowing 9 'of the through hole 9a and to the rear by a cylindrical pin 13 limited. The ejector 7 has a stop edge 15 with which he at the constriction 9 'or Dowel pin 13 hangs. A spring 17 is supported their front end against a paragraph 9 '' (between the Through holes 9a and 9d) from while the rear end the stop edge 15 of the ejector 7 against the cylinder pin 13 presses. In this way, the ejector 7 in held at its starting position, with its front end behind is the push floor 21 and its rear end to the rear protrudes beyond the closure carrier 3. The pusher 7 is cylindrical and points behind the stop edge 15 on its lateral surface a flattening (see also Fig. 3). In this way, the stop edge 15 covers the cylinder pin 13 to save space.

A pull-out claw 25 is opposite to the ejector 7 arranged and pivoted via a bearing 27 on the closure head 5 attached. A spring 29 pushes the front end the pull-out claw 25 against the locking head 5. In the present Example, the spring 29 sits on a pin 31, which additionally increases the spring force and, for example, from Is plastic. The shutter 1 moves during the loading process forward, as indicated by arrow 33. Doing so the cartridge bottom against a cartridge not shown here the push floor 21 pressed. The pull-out claw 25 is on beveled at the tip so that it is first pushed to the side when the edge of the cartridge bottom passes it. The pull-out claw 25 then “snaps in”, i.e. it engages behind the cartridge rim by the pressure of the spring 29. The cartridge is thus removed from the pull-out claw 25 held as soon as the cartridge bottom rests on the butt plate 21. After the shooting process (or during manual loading) the locking head 5 moves backwards. there the pull-out claw 25 takes the cartridge case and pulls them out of the barrel. The rear end of the Ejector 7 on a stop, not shown here in the Weapon housing. The ejector 7 then stops while the shutter head 5 moves further back. Thereby the front end of the ejector 7 comes out of the through hole 9d out, bumps against the bottom of the cartridge, tilts thereby the cartridge case from the side of the "clasp" through the pull-out claw 25 and swirl it to the side path. In Fig. 1a pull-out claw 25 and ejector 7 are arranged so that the cartridge case is ejected to the left will (down in the drawing). In Fig. 1b the Sleeve ejection in the other direction. The implementation of pull-out claw 25 and ejector 7 from their position in Fig. 1a to that in Fig. 1b and vice versa by implementing the Locking head 5. First, the locking plate 23 removed so that the firing pin 37 from a holding hole 39 of a pin 41 can be pulled. The pin 41 will then drawn from a transverse bore 43 receiving it. Now the breech head 5 with ejector 7 and pull-out claw 25 taken from the closure carrier 3 and in reverse Installed position again in the closure carrier 3. The pin 41 is then again in the cross hole 43 pushed and secured by the firing pin 37. Last the locking plate 23 is still attached.

2 shows a sectional illustration of the closure carrier 3 from the side, without the locking head 5. At its The top of the closure carrier 3 is not one here connected extension through which the closure carrier 3 is movable in the longitudinal direction of the weapon.

Is located on both sides of the closure carrier 3 a backdrop 47a and 47b. Depending on whether the sleeve ejection is set to left or right, the pen protrudes 41 on the left or right side of the closure carrier out and penetrates the backdrop 47a and 47b. The pin 41 has a milling 49 in which the edge of the backdrop 47a or 47b engages. The milling 49 serves for extension of the locking path, but is not absolutely necessary.

When the weapon is ready to fire, the breech 1 is locked, i.e. reach behind the locking lugs 51 of the closure head 5 a matching counterpart that is fixed to the cartridge chamber (not shown here) is connected. The pin 41 is located then at the rear end of the backdrop 47a or 47b. After the shooting process, the breech carrier moves first 3 to the rear. Due to the arched course of the scenes 47a, 47b, the closure head 5 is over the pin 41 twisted so that the closure 1 is unlocked again. Finally, the pin 41 reaches the front end of the backdrop 47a, 47b (position as shown in Fig. 1) and the Closure head 5 is with the closure carrier 3 to the rear pulled along. A cuff 45 prevents closure wearers 3 and locking head 5 when driving back and forth move against each other and the closure head 5 thereby is accidentally twisted. For locking the lock 1, the cuff 45 is compressed so that the shutter head 5 rotated again by the guide can be.

Fig. 3 shows a rear view of the closure 1. Die Notches 9b and 9c are extended in the circumferential direction, so that the ejector 7 of the circumferential rotation of the firing head 5 can follow when locking and unlocking the lock. In this way it is ensured that the rotational movement of the Closure head 5 not by the integrated pusher 7th is hindered.

Claims (9)

1. Locking device for incorporation in a handgun, with:

   a) a catch (1), which is continuously movable in a weapon housing in the direction of the barrel, composed of a catch holder (3) and a lug (5), in which the lug (5) is designed such that, according to choice, it can be incorporated in the weapon in at least two positions,

   b) an extractor (25), which is fastened to the side of the lug (5) and, when the catch (1) moves rearwards, takes a cartridge case from the barrel,

   c) an ejector (7), integrated with the locking device, which removes the cartridge case from the catch (1) after it has been pulled rearwards from the barrel, and

   d) a pin (41), forming part of the lug, characterised in that

   e) the catch holder has at least two longitudinal holes (47a, 47b) used as link slots, and

   f) the pin (41) in the lug engages in a designated longitudinal hole (47a; 47b) depending on the position of the lug.
2. Locking device as in Claim 1, in which the catch holder (3) is formed fundamentally as a hollow tubular body and the lug as an object which can be introduced into this hollow body.
3. Locking device as in Claim 1 or 2, in which the lug (5) has a hole drilled laterally through it, into which the pin (41) can be introduced.
4. Locking device as in any of the preceding Claims, in which the pin (41) has a fixing hole (39), through which a firing pin is passed longitudinally through the catch (1) or lug (5).
5. Locking device as in any of the preceding Claims, in which the catch holder (3) has two diametrically opposed longitudinal holes (47a, 47b).
6. Locking device as in any of the preceding Claims, in which the ejector (7) is placed fundamentally opposite the extractor at the firing chamber, preferably so that the centre of the cartridge case in contact with the firing chamber (21) lies on an imaginary line between the extractor (25) and the ejector (7).
7. Locking device as in any of the preceding Claims, in which the ejector (7) is formed as a ram passing longitudinally through the catch (1) or lug (5), whose rear end runs up against a stop when the catch (1) moves backwards, and hence its front end impacts with a cartridge case in the catch (1) or lug (5).
8. Locking device as in Claim 7, in which the ram in the closed catch (1) is placed such that its front end is recessed into the catch (1) or lug (5), with its rear end preferably projecting rearwards over the catch (1) or lug (5).
9. Locking device as in Claim 7 or 8, in which the ram is forced up against a stop to its rear by means of a spring (17).

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