EP0428525B1 - Firearm - Google Patents

Abstract

A firearm in the widest sense of the term, with small, medium and large calibers, is disclosed. An almost rectilinear transport of case cartridges (3) and caseless ammunition is ensured from a transport drum (7) to a chamber (5) possibly integrated within the barrel, as well as the separation of the stocked ammunition from the shot ammunition, which is particularly necessary in the case of caseless ammunition. The transport drum (7) has one or several recesses (8) on or within the circumference for receiving cartridges (3). The cartridges (3) are supplied from a magazine (2) or cartridge belt (43) to the transport drum (7), then moved to a position behind the chamber (5), pushed forward within the chamber (5) and shot by a breech (19). Improved cooling is obtained by the transport drum (7) moving behind the chamber (5), thus avoiding spontaneous detonation. The cartridges may be supplied from one or several magazines (2), cartridge belts (43) or both; several fastenable barrels (35) may be provided, and at least one rotatable magazine (2) or fixed magazine (2) may be secured to at least two spots on the housing (4).

Description

The invention relates to e.g. semi or fully automatic firearm with features as specified in claim 1. Weapons of this type have been introduced in various armies, such as the G 3 in Germany or the M 16 in the USA, but these are proven weapons, but they have the disadvantage that the cartridge has to be driven out of the magazine in order to be inserted into the off-axis cartridge chamber to be transferred over a slope, which can lead to jamming of the cartridges during the loading process. Of course, this is particularly unsuitable for caseless ammunition because these cartridges are too sensitive. "Firearm" includes firearms of any kind, including Cannons, heavy machine guns.

Furthermore, in order to achieve a uniform weight distribution with respect to the two sides of the firearm viewed in the direction of the longitudinal axis, the magazine protrudes downward from the firearm. If a shooter uses such a firearm while lying down, the length of the magazine protruding from the firearm usually determines how far the shooter has to rise from the ground in order to be able to aim and fire with the firearm. Thus, the shooter, especially in very flat terrain, often has to rise more than his cover than would be necessary to look beyond the cover. He thus offers a larger target area for an enemy shooter when using his own firearm, simply because the magazine protrudes downward from the firearm, than would be necessary when using a firearm from which no magazine protrudes downward.

Although there are also firearms that do not need a magazine, for example all firearms in which the cartridges are fired from a supply revolver, such revolvers have disadvantages, for example with regard to the number of cartridges to be accommodated in the revolver.

Automatic firearms exist that have multiple tubes. The General Electric 7.62mm Minigun Machine Gun (USA) has six tubes that rotate and are driven electrically. The General Electric 25 mm light automatic cannon has two tubes that have two firing mechanisms that are automatically operated alternately. Both Constructions are only intended for several tubes.
There are automatic firearms with double loading options, such as. B. the Mauser 30 mm x 173 mm Model F cannon (FRG). This cannon has a tube and is loaded with two cartridge belts.
The FN Minimi 5.56 mm machine gun (Belgium) can be equipped with either a magazine or a cartridge belt. This machine gun also has a tube.

From DE-PS 36 28 153 C1 a transport drum for semi or fully automatic weapons is known which has recesses on the circumference. However, this firearm has a so-called cross-lock between the magazine and the cartridge chamber, which is arranged outside the movement path of the transport drum and is independent of the transport drum.

The patent FR-A-493506 describes an auxiliary device for machine guns, which consists of a magazine and a drum, which has recesses on the circumference that do not align with the chamber of the machine gun. This device is intended to enable an existing machine gun, particularly a Lewis machine gun, to hold a large number of cartridges in the magazine. The drum is attached above the machine gun. It is not between the magazine and the chamber because the drum is positioned at the back but above the chamber. The breech that moves below the drum, ie outside the drum's path of travel, is part of the machine gun, not the invention. The cartridges fall down from the drum in front of the breech. The rotating drum does not provide cooling because it is located above the weapon.
Cartridge belts cannot be used.

It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a firearm with a breech in the direction of the longitudinal axis, in which the insertion of the cartridges from a magazine or cartridge belt into the cartridge chamber is improved and, at the same time, a supply of the cartridges from different positions of the Magazine is made possible and in another version simultaneously with several magazines that do not necessarily have to be pivotable, or cartridge belts, for example for loading different types of ammunition, and possibly several parallel tubes and chambers, which, in contrast to Gatling weapons, are separate are from the transport drum and do not have to rotate about the longitudinal axis.
This object is achieved in that at least one magazine or cartridge belt is used for stocking the cartridges, but when loading the firearm the top cartridge of the magazine or the first cartridge of the cartridge belt is not pushed diagonally upward into the chamber, for example, but by means of an intermediate transport drum, which does not necessarily have to have a round cross section, is first brought into a position behind the chamber and essentially flush with it, from where it is pushed axially forward into the chamber by means of the closure. Several chambers can be fitted with cartridges, for example, several magazines using a transport drum and several closures.

Furthermore, with such a solution, the magazine does not have to be inserted directly into the fixed housing of the firearm, but possibly into a swivel sleeve which is present when a swivelable magazine is required and is otherwise superfluous, which is essentially coaxial to the transport drum, for example between it and the housing is arranged and can have extensions between which the magazine is inserted. Since this swivel sleeve can be pivoted together with the magazine around the longitudinal axis of the firearm, it is possible, for example, to pivot the magazine upward from the position projecting downward from the firearm into a laterally projecting position, which is generally the case with right-handed shooters will offer the left side, but the right side is also conceivable.
In this context, it is advantageous if, depending on whether the swivel sleeve can be swiveled with the magazine in only two or more positions, the angular division of the transport drum correlates with the angular difference between the individual positions that swivel sleeve and magazine can assume together to ensure that cartridges can be passed into the transport drum from the magazine in any ingestible position. In another version, the magazine can be fixed radially to the housing at several positions, for example at the bottom and left. "Recesses" in the transport drum contains all kinds of cavities either on or within the circumference.
If, for example, the magazine, seen from the position of the shooter and in the longitudinal direction of the firearm, can only be pivoted from the downward projecting position to a horizontally projecting position to the left, i.e. around the longitudinal axis of the firearm, the transport drum can e.g. four recesses or a multiple of this distributed over the circumference to ensure that it is possible to fill the transport drum with cartridges from each of the two possible positions of the magazine.
With a 90 ° division of the transport drum, that is to say four recesses evenly distributed, for example, over the circumference, when the transport drum rotates clockwise, from the point of view of the shooters, the recess in the lower position from the magazine can be fitted with a cartridge the cartridge would move in this recess over the position on the left to the upper position, where it would be pushed into the chamber, fired with the help of the breech and, for example, a firing pin inside, and the empty sleeve would be fired into the same position, still in the recess located in the upper position would be pushed back, whereupon the transport drum would turn you again by 90 °, for example by at least one oblique plane protruding into the outer contour of the transport drum, the empty cartridge case can be removed from the recess before reaching the position on the right, for example , if the recesses on the Trom are located so that this recess is free to receive the next cartridge from the magazine when reaching the next, namely the position below.

In this context, when designing the puller arranged at the front of the closure in the form of e.g. a hook, which engages in the annular groove at the rear end of the cartridge, care should be taken that the annular guide in which this hook is arranged extends part of the cartridge circumference in order not to impede the subsequent further rotation of the transport drum together with the cartridge sleeve laterally downwards . For this reason, it must be ensured that the sleeve does not slide backwards into the recess in the housing which is intended for the closure, as a result of which the rotation of the drum would be blocked. Otherwise, this guide would have to be completely removed from the cartridge sleeve with the hook before it is transported further.

In this embodiment, the opening in the housing of the firearm required to eject the empty sleeve is preferably closed by a pivotable flap which is attached to the housing.
In another version, in which the swivel sleeve rotates around the housing, the flap described above is omitted from the housing.

The inclined plane for pressing out the empty cartridge case from the transport drum can also be removed or is integrally connected to the housing in one piece.

It is also possible that the cartridge cases in a conventional manner in e.g. the rear of the breech can be removed by extractors and ejectors

If the firearm in the version described above was in use with a magazine which protrudes downward, there is already a cartridge in the lower and the left recess of the transport drum, while there is a cartridge in the chamber. If the magazine is swiveled from the lower to the lateral position in this operating state, a cartridge only slips into this transport drum from this position of the magazine after two further 90 ° rotations of the transport drum, since only then is an empty recess in the transport drum opposite the opening of the magazine.

The transport drum can, for example, also be positioned such that the magazine opening or the openings of several magazines are located on the circumference of the drum, for example between two recesses
with a design of a transport drum with several recesses, which in this example are on the circumference.
The cartridge is inserted into the transport drum when the transport drum is rotated or during the time in which the closure, for example when using a guide cylinder, is approximately in its rearmost position and the drum can come to a standstill. The insertion time of the cartridges in the transport drum is significantly reduced in this example.
In another embodiment of the invention, the magazine opening or cartridge belt opening can be positioned, for example, behind the transport drum in the longitudinal direction of the tube axis. A radial extension of the breech or breech carrier or another device brings the cartridge, for example, when the breech is moved forward from the area of the magazine opening or cartridge belt opening into a recess which is approximately aligned with the cartridge in the magazine opening or cartridge belt opening. The recess can be located on or near the circumference of the transport drum, for example. A recess near the circumference of the transport drum can, for example, be a round hole which encloses part of the closure in its front position. It is possible to use several in this version To accommodate magazines, for example on a swivel sleeve coaxially with and behind the transport drum, which can each be brought into approximately alignment with the closure extension, so that cartridges of different types, for example, can be inserted into the transport drum. It is also possible to have several closure extensions or other devices that can be individually taken out of operation in order to bring cartridges into the drum from one or more magazines or belts of your choice. In this embodiment, the transport drum can have, for example, a cross-shaped or star-shaped cross-section, can be made to a minimum in order to accommodate the recesses. The breech extension can be dampened and, in contrast to conventional breech systems, touch a large area at the back of the cartridge so that caseless ammunition is not damaged. An almost straight supply into the chamber is ensured in this version, as well as the separation of the, for example, caseless ammunition from the cartridge fired in the chamber, which is necessary for caseless ammunition.
A device such as a linkage that activates a movable breech or breech carrier extension to push a cartridge forward into the transport drum when the loading lever is tensioned before the transport drum rotates can be used to ensure that the loading lever is pulled only once got to.

In the embodiments of the invention already described and possibly other possible embodiments, it is possible to equip the firearm with more than one tube and one chamber. Each tube can be fitted with a closure. In a version with three chambers, for example, two closures can be put out of operation, for example by locking them further back like the guide grooves of the guide cylinder if a guide cylinder is used, so that one closure and one chamber can be activated and one closure in this Example of the movement of the transport drum is used.
In an embodiment of the invention with an open closure with, for example, three closures, all three closures would be in the rear part and would only move the guide grooves when they moved individually forward, so that two closures would be disengaged from the guide grooves when out of operation . The transport drum can be provided with three recesses, for example on the circumference, in an embodiment with, for example, three chambers. Each recess can be fitted with a cartridge before it is essentially filled with one Chamber is brought in alignment. It is possible, in a version with, for example, three chambers, to firmly connect the three closures. If the magazine openings are located on the circumference of the transport drum, for example between two recesses, the magazines can be switched off by fitting the magazine openings, for example with an eccentric rod in the longitudinal direction of the magazine opening, which partially blocks the opening, or by allowing the cartridges to exit as desired.
In order to prevent further shooting when there are still one or more cartridges in the transport drum, but the magazine is already empty, a locking pin can be arranged in the housing, which then counteracts its spring preload from the extension attached to the bottom of the magazine is pressed at the back and blocks the tap when the magazine is empty and thus no cartridge slides out of the magazine into the lower recess of the transport drum. This safety pin thus reports the empty state of the magazine, but can be pushed out of function by hand, that is, pushed forward again, if the existing cartridge or cartridges are to be deliberately fired from the transport drum.

This locking pin is intended to prevent that the transport drum is also completely empty and, when a full magazine is inserted, must first be loaded through before a cartridge is again in the chamber when the magazine is in the lower position.
The rotation of the drum can be effected, for example, in that a guide cylinder is arranged axially and in alignment with the actual transport drum and usually formed integrally with it, in the lateral surface of which, for example, individual guide grooves are incorporated in such a way that a guide pin protruding into these guide grooves extends from the closure arranged above the guide cylinder downwards, from each tip of the zigzag line, can only slide in a defined manner into the next guide groove. The breech, which can be operated by means of compression springs, can be brought back by means of a loading lever, for example for loading the firearm in order to bring the first cartridge into the chamber. This results in a section-by-section rotation of the transport drum which is non-rotatably connected to the guide cylinder. The sliding of the guide pin into the next guide groove at each turning point can be realized, for example, in that the bottom of each guide groove approaches the outer surface of the jacket more and more in the direction in which the guide pin is to pass through it it opens into the beginning of the next guide groove, where the higher floor at the end of the first guide groove falls perpendicular to the lower floor at the beginning of the next guide groove, so that the spring-loaded guide pin must pass through the second guide groove after passing through this drop , the bottom of which increases in its course and exhibits the same drop when changing to the next guide groove.

The magazine and the swivel sleeve are also matched to one another in the case of a version with a swiveling magazine, for example between whose extensions the magazine with its open end will be inserted: In order to accommodate the largest possible number of cartridges in a magazine in a space-saving manner, its inner contour can be dimensioned in this way be that the cartridges come in a double row one above the other and half next to each other. This inner contour of the magazine can taper towards the upper open end and form a narrower neck, the inner contour of which is just wide enough for a single cartridge to pass through, thereby providing the necessary separation that is advantageous for loading the firearm. In order to prevent cartridges from being lost from the magazine in a magazine that is not in a firearm, the magazine is in the normal state, for example, by means of two leaf springs which are attached to the side of the magazine and have an offset which partially protrude from one another over the open neck of the magazine , closed so far that no cartridge is pressed out of the magazine. The prerequisite for this is, of course, that the tension of the leaf springs is sufficiently strong to hold the cartridges against the pressure of the magazine spring, which presses the cartridges towards the open neck. These leaf springs do not lie close to the outer contour of the magazine, but keep a distance. Furthermore, the offset of the leaf springs, which partially close the open neck of the magazine, does not extend over the entire axial length of the leaf springs, but only over its beginning and end area, whereas, for example, a recess is provided in the middle area of the leaf springs instead of the offset. The swivel sleeve in turn has mutually parallel and radially extending projections from the swivel sleeve, between which the neck of the magazine has to be inserted, at least two of these projections being arranged and dimensioned such that they slide through the recess in the cranks when the magazine is inserted Leaf springs through between the leaf springs and the neck of the magazine slide, whereby the two leaf springs are pushed away from the neck of the magazine and the bends of the leaf springs move so far apart that the opening of the neck of the magazine is completely released, and the cartridges can be pressed into the recess of the transport drum. Thus, the swivel sleeve has, for example, the shape of a tube piece, to which, for example, a box-shaped profile or parts of a box-shaped profile connect radially, both the tube part and the box-like attachment having to be broken through by the necessary openings for the cartridge ejection and the magazine insert.

Figuren 1:

Darstellungen einer gesamten Schußwaffe;

Figur 2:

eine aufgeschnittene Seitenansicht durch die Schußwaffe bei fast zurückgezogenem Verschluß;

Figur 3:

eine aufgeschnittene Seitenansicht der Schußwaffe beim Abfeuern;

Figur 4:

eine teilweise aufgeschnittene Aufsicht auf die Schußwaffe;

Figuren 5:

Schnittdarstellungen entlang der Linie V-V der Figur 2;

Figuren 6:

eine perspektivische bzw. Schnittdarstellung des Magazins;

Figuren 7:

Frontansicht - Aufsicht und Querschnitt auf eine Schwenkhülse;

Figuren 8a und 8b:

Front- bzw. Seitenansicht der Transporttrommel;

Figur 8c:

Schnittdarstellung durch eine Führungsnut entlang der Linie VIII-VIII der Figur 8b;

Figuren 9:

Seitenansicht und Aufsicht auf einen Verschluß;

Figur 10:

Frontansicht eines Verschlusses gemäß X.X aus Figur 9b

Figuren 11:

Eine zweite Ausführungsform, aufgeschnitten von hinten und von der Seite

Figur 12:

Eine aufgeschnittene Seitenansicht bei fast zurückgezogenem Verschluß

Figuren 13:

Eine dritte Ausführungsform von hinten

Figur 14:

Eine Seitenansicht

Figuren 15:

Eine vierte Ausführungsform von hinten

Figur 16:

Eine fünfte Ausführungsform von hinten.

Such a firearm according to the invention would offer a number of advantages. First, the cartridges were brought into a substantially flush position with the chamber during loading with the aid of the transport drum, so that with the aid of the closure, only an almost straight, axial displacement of the cartridges into the chamber is necessary, that is to say the oblique movement of the cartridges as with conventional magazine weapons and the resulting risk of jamming of the cartridges is avoided. The same also applies to the ejection, in which an inclination of the sleeve was again necessary in conventional weapons when the sleeve was pulled out of the chamber, which in turn could result in jamming. In the firearm according to the invention, however, the sleeve can be pressed laterally, by means of a parallel offset and without inclination through at least one oblique functional surface, out of the transport drum, and thus overall out of the firearm. Excellent cooling is achieved by moving the transport drum.
These advantages are particularly important if, instead of the cartridges which have been customary up to now and which are surrounded by a metal sleeve, so-called sleeve-free ammunition is used, which is particularly sensitive to damage and also mechanical pressure. It goes without saying that with such ammunition the extractor and the ejection would be at least partially superfluous. With caseless ammunition, the chamber must be sealed at the back when the cartridge is fired. The closure can, for example, have one or more gas sealing rings at the front, which are enclosed behind the chamber.
Five advantageous embodiments with the same components according to the invention are explained in more detail below by way of example with reference to the figures:
Show it:

Figures 1:

Representations of an entire firearm;

Figure 2:

a cut side view through the gun with the breech almost withdrawn;

Figure 3:

a cut side view of the firearm when fired;

Figure 4:

a partially cutaway view of the firearm;

Figures 5:

Sectional views along the line VV of Figure 2;

Figures 6:

a perspective or sectional view of the magazine;

Figures 7:

Front view - top view and cross section of a swivel sleeve;

Figures 8a and 8b:

Front or side view of the transport drum;

Figure 8c:

Sectional view through a guide groove along the line VIII-VIII of Figure 8b;

Figures 9:

Side view and top view of a closure;

Figure 10:

Front view of a closure according to XX from Figure 9b

Figures 11:

A second embodiment, cut open from the rear and from the side

Figure 12:

A cut side view with the closure almost pulled back

Figures 13:

A third embodiment from behind

Figure 14:

A side view

Figures 15:

A fourth embodiment from behind

Figure 16:

A fifth embodiment from behind.

FIGS. 1a and 1b show basic representations of an embodiment of a firearm 1 which is supplied with cartridges via a magazine 2. In Figure 1a, this magazine 2 protrudes downward from the firearm, in Figure 1b, this magazine 2 is folded up to the left into the horizontal position, as would be done by a shooter who, with a foldable magazine in a lying position, has the smallest possible ground clearance wants to take. Magazine is to be understood to mean all devices in this and other embodiments which are suitable for the supply of cartridges. Although only one such magazine is present in the exemplary embodiment described, it can be seen that in another embodiment of the invention, for example, two, for example, different magazines for, for example, different types of cartridges can also be present, which are not necessarily pivotable have to. The respective position of the magazine 2 is fixed by means of the adjusting screw 34. FIG. 2 shows a cut-away side view of such a firearm, which mainly shows the loading device 6. In the case shown here, the magazine 2 protrudes downward from the housing 4 of the firearm 1. The ammunition is pressed out of the magazine 2 due to the spring force of the magazine spring 28 upwards in the direction of the transport drum 7 with its recesses 8. This transport drum 7, which may consist, for example, of two or more connected disks with radial recesses, is arranged above the magazine 2 in such a way that an overlying recess 8 lies behind the chamber 5 and is essentially flush with it, into which the ammunition can be fired through the barrel 35 is advanced, as shown for example in Figure 3.

In Figure 2, an empty magazine 2 is shown in the firearm 1, wherein a cartridge is neither in the transport drum 7 nor in the chamber 5. 3 shows a cartridge 3 in the chamber 5. However, there is no magazine 2 in the firearm 1.

The magazine 2 is not inserted directly into the housing 4, but into the extensions 12 of a swivel sleeve 11 which concentrically surrounds the transport drum 7, as can best be seen in FIGS. 5a and 5b. The pivot sleeve 11 has at least the two extensions 12 lying parallel to the longitudinal axis 13 of the firearm 1, as can be seen in FIGS. 5a and 5b, whereas the two extensions 12 lying in front and behind, as seen in the direction of the longitudinal axis 13, as in FIG 2 and 3, possibly instead of being connected to the swivel sleeve 11, as shown in the present example, could also be connected to the housing 4.

As the sectional view VV shown in FIGS. 5a and 5b through FIG. 2 shows, the transport drum 7 has a certain number, namely in this case four axially lying recesses 8, which are suitable for receiving cartridges 3. If, for example, as shown in FIG. 5b, magazine 2 is in a position in which it protrudes downward from the housing 4 of the firearm 1, then a cartridge 3 is pressed from the magazine 2 into the recess 8 of the transport drum 7, which is in the lowest position. By further turning the transport drum 7 caused by the closure 19, which is brought into the rear position by a loading lever, not shown, counterclockwise of the view shown in FIG. 5b, the cartridge 3 migrates in the recess via the position on the right outside of the transport drum 7 in the top position, where it is aligned with the chamber 5, as shown in Figures 2 and 3. In this position, the cartridge 3 is pushed forward by means of the breech 19 from the recess 8 of the transport drum 7 into the chamber 5 which is essentially in alignment therewith, where it is ignited and fired by means of the firing pin 17 arranged in the breech 19. The firing pin 17 is actuated by opening the spring-loaded cock 36, which is released after actuation of the trigger 37. After firing, the empty sleeve 33 located in the chamber 5 at the front of the closure 19 is pushed back into the same recess 8 of the transport drum 7 by the gas pressure or recoil together with the extractor. The extractor 16 consists essentially of a hook 20 which engages in the annular groove 21 at the rear end of the cartridge 3 or sleeve 33. The closure 19 is pretensioned by two compression springs 39 which are parallel to one another, so that one of these compression springs 39 can be seen in the illustrations of FIGS. 2 and 3.

By a further quarter turn of the transport drum 7 in the time in which the closure 19 moves further back, in this embodiment, the recess 8 containing the sleeve 33 is moved in the direction of the position on the left outside of FIGS. 5a and 5b, one sleeve 33, however, the two inclined functional surfaces 32 are in the way, whereby the sleeve 33 is pressed out of the housing 4 of the firearm 1, the corresponding opening preferably being opened or closed by a flap 22. The functional surfaces 32 protrude into two corresponding gaps in the transport drum 7, which can be seen particularly well in FIG. 4, but also in FIGS. 2.5a and 5b. Since the angular pitch 9 of the transport drum 7 is also the angular amount by which the transport drum 7 is rotated further, it is obvious that the angular pitch 9 of the transport drum 7 and the swivel angle 10 between the individual positions that the magazine 2 has with respect to the housing 4 can take, must be coordinated. In the case shown here, the magazine can assume two positions, which differ by a 90 ° angle, and the transport drum 7 is also provided with four recesses 8, each offset by 90 °.

The pivoting of the magazine 2, as shown in FIGS. 1a and 1b or 5a and 5b, is possible in that the magazine 2 is inserted into a component which also pivots, namely the pivot sleeve 11. This swivel sleeve 11 is located concentrically between the transport drum 7 and the surrounding housing 4, and has the one in FIGS. 2, 3 and 5 visible extensions 12, which strive radially from the longitudinal axis of the swivel sleeve 11.

The details of this swivel sleeve 11 can be seen in FIGS. 7a to 7c: FIG. 7a shows a front view of the swivel sleeve 11 with one of the two extensions 12 lying transversely to the front view, which in FIGS. 2 and 3 are located in front of and behind the magazine 2 are recognizable.

FIG. 7b shows a top view of the swivel sleeve 11, in which the H-shaped opening can be seen, the longitudinal leg of which is necessary for the ejection of the empty sleeves 33 in the two positions which the swivel sleeve 11 can assume. The transverse connection of the opening is necessary for the protrusion of the functional surfaces 32, which cause the sleeves 33 to be ejected.

FIG. 7c shows a cross section according to VII-VII of FIG. 7b, in which in addition to the ring-shaped main body and the rear extension 12 standing transversely to the viewing direction, the two further extensions 12 lying parallel to the viewing direction can be seen, as shown, for example, in FIGS. 5a , 5b 6a and 6b are shown.

The interaction of the swivel sleeve 11 together with its extensions 12 with the magazine 2 is shown in FIG. 6: FIG. 6 a shows in perspective how the magazine 2 is inserted between the extensions 12 of the swivel sleeve 11.

In FIG. 6b, the shape of the leaf springs 27 is also drawn in a cross-sectional illustration of the magazine 2 in its normal position as well as in the position shown in broken lines and pushed apart. As can best be seen in FIG. 6b, these two leaf springs 27 in the normal position close the opening 31 of the hare 14 of the magazine 2 by means of their crankings 29 to such an extent that cartridges 3 are prevented from escaping. Of course, the force of the leaf springs 27 must be sufficient to retain the cartridges 3 despite the pressure shown from below, namely the magazine spring 28.

As can be seen in FIGS. 6a and 6b, these leaf springs 27 do not lie tightly against the outside of the walls of the magazine 2 in the upper region of the neck 14 of the magazine 2, but instead are designed so that there is a distance between the leaf springs 27 and the walls of the magazine 2, in which the two, parallel to the longitudinal axis 13 of the firearm 1, approximately 12 in the middle of the pivot sleeve 11 arranged extensions 12 can engage. As a result, the leaf springs 27 are pushed away from the magazine 2 into the position shown in broken lines in FIG. 6b, so that the mutually opposite edges of the cranks 29 move away from one another and the full width of the openings 31 of the magazine 2 are free for the cartridges 3 to exit. The magazine 2 is positioned in the longitudinal direction with respect to the swivel sleeve 11 by the front and rear, additional extensions 12.

This clears the way for the cartridges 3 into the recesses 8 of the transport drum 7, and thus into the loading device 6 as a whole, as described above.

The rotary movement of the transport drum 7 is triggered by the movement of the closure 19. This is done in that, as shown in Figure 2, with the transport drum 7 axially aligned at least rotationally, if not in one piece, a guide cylinder 24 is arranged, as shown in Figure 2 only with its outer contour.

This guide cylinder 24 has the guide grooves shown in FIGS. 3 and 8b in its outer surface, into which the guide pin 26 engages, which is arranged in the closure 19 running over it.

As FIG. 8b shows, these guide grooves 25 would form a zigzag line when the outer surface of the guide cylinder 24 was developed in one plane, the band of which extends transversely to the longitudinal axis 13 of the firearm 1. However, the depth of these guide grooves 25 in the surface area of the guide cylinder 24 is not uniformly deep, as the section along VIII-VIII of FIG. 8b shown in FIG. 8c shows.

If the individual sections of the previously mentioned zigzag line are each considered as individual guide grooves 25, the bottom of each of these guide grooves 25 rises in the direction in which they are to be traversed by the guide pin 26, which is prestressed by means of a compression spring, towards the surface of the guide cylinder 24 until it ends at the beginning of the next guide groove 25. However, this is at its beginning again much deeper than the guide groove 25 opening into it at its end, so that at the transition from one guide groove to the next, a quasi-vertical drop from the higher floor at the end of the previous groove to the lower floor takes place at the beginning of the newly starting groove 25. As a result, during a forward and backward movement of the closure 19, the spring-loaded guide pin 26 arranged thereon can never move back in the same guide groove 25 in which it moved immediately beforehand, so that each forward and backward movement of the closure 19 corresponds to the course of the Guide groove 25 causes corresponding further rotation of the transport drum 7.

FIGS. 9a and 9b show such a closure 19 in side view and top view, the front view of which is drawn in accordance with X-X in FIG. 9b in FIG. 10.

Except for a few details, this is one of the usual breeches with firing pin 17 running in the breech and known roller brake 40 arranged in the rear part, the function of which becomes clear when viewing FIG. 4, which shows a partially cut-away view of the loading device 6 of the firearm 1 shows.

As a special feature, the closure 19 according to the invention has a nose 20 at its front end as an extractor 16 which is arranged on the semicircular guide 18 which partially surrounds the end of the sleeve 33. The hook 20 is biased against the closure 19 by means of a leaf spring so that it engages in the annular groove at the end of each sleeve 33. This hook 20 engages in the circumferential groove 21 at the rear end of a cartridge 3, which enables the sleeve 33 to be withdrawn from the chamber 5. The guide 18 may only encompass part of the circumference of the sleeve 33, since otherwise a further rotation of the sleeve 33 by the transport drum 7 in the direction of the functional surfaces 32 and thus the ejection from the housing 4 would be hindered.

Furthermore, FIG. 9a shows the guide pin 26 projecting downward from the closure 19, which is biased downwards by a compression spring (not shown) located in the closure 19, so that it always bears against the bottom of the guide groove 25 of the guide cylinder 24 is guaranteed. Furthermore, the function of the safety pin 23 can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3: This safety pin 23 is prestressed by a spring in such a way that it slides forward in the longitudinal direction of the firearm if possible. This is possible when there is no magazine or a magazine that is not empty in the firearm 1. If, on the other hand, there is an empty magazine in the firearm 1, the bottom of this magazine moves so far upwards due to the force of the magazine spring 28 that an extension 48 arranged thereon, with its bevel, presses the locking pin 23 backwards so far that the tap 36 blocked so that firing of firearm 1 is not possible. This is to prevent the two cartridges still present in the transport drum 7 from being fired when the magazine is empty, since a subsequent insertion of a full magazine would only have to be loaded twice if the magazine is inserted from below before the firearm 1 is ready for use again. As a result, this locking pin only works if the magazine 2 protrudes downwards from the firearm 1. In the position pivoted horizontally to the left, the locking pin 23 is automatically deactivated due to its position, which makes sense, since in this position of the magazine 2 a single quarter turn of the transport drum 7 and thus a single loading with a newly inserted, full magazine 2 sufficient to make firearm 1 ready to fire.

A second embodiment of the invention is shown in Figures 11a 11b and 12. In this example, a firearm 1 for caseless ammunition is shown, which is equipped with a cartridge belt 43 and a magazine 2, which can be used individually. The firearm 1 is shown with a cartridge belt 43 in use, the magazine 2 being pulled down, but can be brought up and snapped in if the cartridge belt 43 is not used. The cartridge belt 43 and the magazine 2 are positioned behind the transport drum 7, which has recesses 8 within the circumference. The cartridge 3 in the cartridge belt 43 is aligned with the recess 8 of the transport drum 7 and is pushed forward by the extension 42 of the closure carrier 45, which fits into the cartridge belt 43, out of the cartridge belt 43 into the recess 8 when the closure 19 follows moved in front. The cartridge belt 43 is transported by a toothed drum 41, which is mechanically connected to a guide cylinder 24 by toothed belts 44. When the guide cylinder 24 and the transport drum 7, which is firmly connected to it, are rotated by the movement of the closure 19, the cartridge belt 43 is transported by the toothed drum 41 in synchronism with the transport drum 7.

The additional extension 42 of the closure carrier 45, which is located on the other side of the closure carrier 45, pushes the cartridges 3 forward out of the magazine 2, which is open at both ends, into the recess 8 of the transport drum 7. The extension 42 of the breech holder 45 fits into the recess 46 of the magazine 2. The extension 42 of the breech holder 45 presses the cartridges 3 downward against a magazine spring 28, not shown in FIGS. 11, when the magazine 2 snaps into place in this embodiment of the firearm 1 which can be provided with a closed closure 19 until the closure 19 moves backwards and the uppermost cartridge 3 of the magazine 2, which is not shown in FIGS. 11, can slide up to the lips 47 of the magazine 2, which prevent the exit of cartridges 3 upwards. It can be seen that in a similar embodiment one or more cartridge belts 43 or magazines 2 can be used. The cartridges 3 are transported from the transport drum 7 to behind the chamber 5 and pushed into the chamber 5. Another version of this version with an open closure 19 is also possible.

A third embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 13a, 13b and 14. In this example, a firearm 1 is shown which is equipped with three chambers 5 and three magazines 2. In this version, two magazines 2 are out of operation, but can be switched on at any time. The cartridges 3 are blocked by an eccentric rod 48. The third magazine 2 enables the exit of the cartridges 3, which are pressed against the circumference of the transport drum 7 by a magazine spring 28, not shown, when the closure 19 is located at the front. When the shutter 19 moves backwards and is no longer in the path of movement of the transport drum 7, the transport drum 7 rotates clockwise, as seen from behind. The two remaining closures 19 are locked outside the guide groove 25 of the guide cylinder 24 so that the transport drum 7 can rotate. Each magazine 2 and each closure 19, which corresponds to this, can be used individually. It can be seen that the three chambers 5 can be individually fitted with cartridges 3 by a magazine 2, as long as two closures 19 are out of operation.

A fourth embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. In this embodiment, a chamber 5 can be equipped with, for example, different cartridges 3 from two magazines 2. These magazines 2 can optionally be switched on and off by an eccentric rod 49 on the magazine turned off.

A fifth embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 16. In this embodiment, a chamber 5 can be fitted with cartridges 3 from two magazines 2 which can be pivoted. The transport drum 7 has a recess 8 which receives cartridges 3 at a rotation of approximately 180 °, e.g. when the closure 19 is approximately in its rearmost position and the transport drum has come to a standstill. The magazines 2 are connected with a swivel sleeve 11, and can optionally be brought into the lowest position to accommodate cartridges 3. A magezin 2 that is not used is blocked at the top to prevent cartridges 3 from escaping. In this embodiment, the transport drum can have several recesses 8.

Claims (9)

1. Firearm, for example, semi or fully automatic firearm or imitations thereof, for firing cased cartridges or caseless ammunition out of at least one chamber, which encloses the cartridges or caseless ammunition when fired, having at least one bolt moving forwards and backwards in the direction of the longitudinal axis and having at least one magazine or cartridge belt or both from which stored ammunition is brought into the feed system, wherein a transport rotor (7) is located between at least one magazine (2) or cartridge belt (43) and at least one chamber (5), having in the direction of the barrel axis, one or more openings (8) on or within the circumference, for accepting cartridges (3), where openings (8) may be brought into a position where a cartridge (3) located therein is essentially aligned with chamber (5), and the movement of transport rotor (7) is governed by the position of at least one bolt (19).
2. Firearm according to claim 1, wherein at least one magazine (2) is attached to a swivelling sleeve (11) which is essentially coaxially placed to transport rotor (7), and magazine (2) may be brought into several positions for feeding cartridges (3) into transport rotor (7).
3. Firearm according to claim 2, wherein the angular division of openings (8) of transport rotor (7) essentially corresponds to swivelling angle (10) of magazine (2), or a part thereof.
4. Firearm according to claims 2 or 3 wherein swivelling sleeve (11) which swivels with magazine (2), to which it is joined, and which is positioned between transport rotor (7) and its surrounding housing (4), has at least two radial extensions (12) for receiving magazine (2).
5. Firearm according to one of claims 2 to 4 wherein magazine (2) and swivelling sleeve (11) are made as a single unit.
6. Firearm according to one of claims 2-5, wherein at least two of extensions (12) are located parallel to each other, and parallel to longitudinal axis (13) of firearm (7), and, when pushing magazine (2) between these extensions (12), these extensions (12) push between throat (14) of magazine (2) and flat springs (27) located on the outside sides of magazine (2) and whose inwardly bent portions (29) partially block mouth (31) of magazine (2), so that when extensions (12) are pushed in, flat springs (27) are pushed apart and cartridges (3) are released.
7. Firearm according to one of claims 1-6, wherein an extractor (16) of prior art is used for pulling cartridge cases out of chamber (5), consisting of a hook (20) on bolt (19) which engages ring groove (21) at the rear end of cartridge (3) and which is located at support (18) which encircles part of the circumference of cartridge (3).
8. Firearm according to one of claims 1-7, wherein a spring loaded blocking pin (23) blocks hammer (36) as soon as this blocking pin (23) is reached by an extension (48) of the moveable foot of magazine (2), which indicates when magazine (2) is empty, when magazine (2) extends out of the bottom of the firearm.
9. Firearm according to one or more of claims 1 - 8 wherein the chamber (5) or chambers do not rotate around the longitudinal axis when firing cartridges (3) or caseless ammunition.

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