DE1578427C3 - Feeding device for an automatic firearm - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a feed device for an automatic firearm according to the preamble of claim 1.

An automatic rapid-fire weapon need not be used, particularly when used in the military only shoot properly, but also maintained and in the field with a minimum of tools can be repaired. For this reason, the weapon should have a simple construction and so few parts exist, as this is compatible with a high performance of the weapon.

Furthermore, firearms that are intended for installation on military vehicles, for example armored vehicles, are intended to be more compact and lighter than fixed firearms. The size of that part of the firearm that from the ammunition guide or the magazine extending rearward is particularly critical because the rear end of the firearm, usually including the ammunition guide, extends into the dome of the tank. As the firearm to set up on the target is moved, takes up the space required inside the vehicle for the firearm with the size of the behind the ammunition guide to quickly.

In general, only one type of ammunition is loaded into firearms. For different goals are often different types of ammunition needed. For example, armor-piercing ammunition is one of ammunition that is suitable for Pefsoneri targets, different. When shooting at two different targets, it may be necessary to target one before shooting Another aim to exchange the ammunition. Usually the ammunition is on belts so that

As a result, the ammunition belt can be removed from the firearm or shot to the end must be inserted, and another strap with ammunition must be inserted into the firearm. These operations are cumbersome and time consuming.

From BE-PS 6 55 702 a feed device is known which is composed of two individual feed devices and can be used in conjunction with different ammunition arranged on different belts. This known device has two different feeds, but only one feed opening to the ammunition feed point. The advance of the individual ammunition takes place with the help of star wheels, which can be brought into engagement according to the selected ammunition. The disadvantage of this known device is that when switching from one type of ammunition to another type of ammunition there is always ammunition of the type fired last in the ammunition supplying station. This ammunition must therefore be fired first until the next one corresponds to the selected type of ammunition. It is therefore not possible to switch directly from one type of ammunition to another and bring the desired ammunition to the ammunition supply point for $ _2.

Simultaneously with switching from one type of ammunition to another, the feed of the new chosen ammunition. Feed devices for ammunition, which are on a belt are known. They can have feed pawls that are operated by locking cams. So is for example from George Chinn "The Machine Gun" US Printing Office Washington D.C. 1955 p. 218 a Belt switching device with feed pawls that are actuated by locking cams are known. At this Belt switching devices are, however, two feed pawls that interact with two separate locking cams, necessary to transport the ammunition. This belt switching device is only used for Transporting a single strap, it shows a relatively complicated construction, as is the case with firearms should be avoided in order to keep the susceptibility to failure as low as possible.

The object of the invention is to provide a To create firearms in which in a simple and quick manner from one type of ammunition to another Ammunition type can be switched.

A solvent for this task is presented in the characterizing part of claim 1:

As a result of the switchable ammunition feed according to the invention, the correct type of ammunition can be selected quickly for each target. The firearm is therefore more adaptable and there is no need for inefficient firing of unsuitable cartridges. According to this feature of the invention, the device for supplying the ammunition is connected to different Muntitionsvörräteri and there is a switching device is provided which serves to select the ammunition supply from which; Ammunition is fed to the housing '. "V. '"~'"'f, ^? ^ ¹ "-''■' ^:: '>"- ^f ^ - ^ u. ^ *; >; Moved in the longitudinal direction past the Züführüngsstelle, a relatively short, upper part and a relatively long lower part, which is longer than the stroke of the lock carrier. In each of the two opposite sides of the lower part of the lock carrier an elongated link is formed. The device for The supply of ammunition has two sliding blocks which each interact with a coulisse and actuate a feed pawl. Each of these pawls causes ammunition to be supplied from a different supply. The switching device is used to select the ammunition supply. The types of ammunition in the various supplies often have different ballistic Properties As a result, it is expedient to adapt the sighting device of the weapon in each case to the type of ammunition used caution, through which one can switch from one type of ammunition to another, is coupled to the sighting device in such a way that the sighting setting required for the respective ammunition used is obtained when switching over.

The type of shooting to be selected also depends on the ammunition used. When using Explosive ammunition, fully automatic firing is often desired. In the case of armor-piercing ammunition, however a semi-automatic firing is usually more appropriate, so that the weapon is new for each shot can be set up. As a result, it is desirable set the type of shooting required for the ammunition used in each case without a greater loss of time occurs. This is advantageously done in that the switching device, through which can be switched from one type of ammunition to another, with a type of shooting control like this is coupled that the required type of shooting is automatically set when switching.

An embodiment of the invention is described with reference to the drawings. In these shows

F i g. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a preferred exemplary embodiment of a cannon according to the invention and

Fig.2 on a larger scale a section according to the Line 2-2 in Fig. 1,

3 on a larger scale a section according to the Line 3-3 of FIG. 2,

4 and 5 show on a larger scale in Horizontal section, seen from above, the central part of the cannon according to FIG. 1 with the 'facility for Feeding the ammunition in successive phases of the shooting process, '

Fig. 6 shows a section along the line 6-6 of Fig. 4, · ^{: /}

F i g. 7 shows a section similar to FIG. 6, but with the bolt and bolt carrier in the forward position,

F i g. 8 diagrammatically shows part of the device for feeding the ammunition; with parts cut away , '- ^:: ' -Ζ ';..;"■' ■ ^; ~ ^: - ■ ';'."''''''."\'.

9 as a whole in the "vertical longitudinal section" middle part of the cannon during the recovery phase,

Fig. 10 in a horizontal section similar to Fig. 4 'and 5, seen from above, the switching device for the ammunition guide in an intermediate position / · ":''" / ^; \ '^i;;;;""'■;'; ■ · ;; ^; ; ΐ ";: '"' ^: "" ^: ''

F i g. 11 shows a rear view on a larger scale the cannon of Fig. 1, with parts cut away

⁰ / ^: ^ ^ν '

, Fig. 12 shows on a larger scale, in vertical longitudinal section the rear part of the gun shown in Figure 1, '■ ■■■ - ·.' ■ '■■ <' ■■ '"· ~ ^/;:' - ^'·'. '; ⁿ " ^{! J} ^; ·;,; '^:;'^{;;;; i} " /

F i g. 13 diagrammatically shows a part of an ammunition belt, who has been removed from the cannon;

Fig: 14 is a perspective view of part of the cannon remote device for feeding the ammunition.

The F i g. 1 and 2 show a cannon with a barrel 5, a housing 6 and a device 7 for Supply of ammunition. The cannon is z. B. mounted on a vehicle, such as a tank for military purposes. An embodiment of a holder for the cannon comprises a ring 11 with Inner rails 12 which fit into corresponding outer grooves 13 on the side of the housing. A releasably arranged pin 14 passes through aligned openings 15, 16 in the ring and the Housing 6 and fixes the cannon in the longitudinal direction relative to the ring. The support ring 11 is of a horizontal pivot pin 18 which is mounted in a yoke 17. Extends from the web of the yoke is a vertical pin 19, with which the yoke in a vehicle, not shown, about a vertical axis is pivotably mounted. The cannon is thus positively connected to a shift in relation to the Vehicle obstructed, but can be swiveled for setting up.

The tube is elongated in the front section of the th, generally cylindrical part 25 of the housing can be moved back and forth along the axis 26 of the tubular core stored. For inserting cartridges 27 into the chamber and for firing the cartridges and A closure device is provided for ejecting the empty cartridge cases. This has one Closure 28, which is aligned with the tube axis, and a closure carrier 29, which carries the closure and in the Can be moved back and forth in the longitudinal direction of the housing. The bolt carrier moves at a point 30 past, which is arranged behind the barrel, and to which the ammunition is fed. The bolt carrier 29 has a relatively short, sleeve-shaped upper part 31, which carries the closure, and a relatively long, lower or main part 32 which is housed in a generally rectangular lower part 33 of the housing is.

As best seen in FIGS. 1 and 3 to 9 can be seen, has the feed device 7 for the ammunition opposite sides of the housing 6 at the feed point 30 a right and a left Ammunition guide 228 and 229. The similarly designed ammunition guides 228,229 are used for Feeding of cartridges 27 from one supply each to the feed point 30.

The two ammunition guides 228, 229 are pivotably connected to the housing by two vertical mounting rods 219. These rods are arranged in front of the ammunition guides and pass through upper and lower eyelets 221 on the ammunition guides and upper and lower support pieces 223 on the housing. According to FIG. 3, each support rod 219 has a spring-loaded upper part 222 which sits telescopically in a sleeve-like lower part 224. The two ammunition guides are coupled to one another at their rear ends by an upper and a lower, horizontal coupling strip 225, 226. These strips each slide in a keyway 227 in the transverse direction of the housing when the ammunition guides are pivoted about the holding rods 219 arranged at the front. The ^W) coupling strips 225, 226 are connected to the ammunition guides by vertical, rear support rods 230, which are similar to the front support rods 219 and penetrate aligned recesses that are formed in the strips and in upper and lower support pieces ^os 232,235, which extend from the corresponding Extend ammunition guides backwards. Each ammunition guide can be removed from the housing

45 when the Hallerungsstangen 219,230 are pulled apart and removed from their support pieces.

The F i g. 4 to 9 show the right ammunition guide 228 in its position of use in the area of the Housing, while the left ammunition guide 229 is pivoted away from the housing into the rest position. A switching device is provided which is used to switch one or the other of the mutually coupled To pivot ammunition guides into the position of use. This will determine from which Supply of ammunition is supplied. The switching device has a switching lever 236, which with the help a telescopic support rod 237 is pivotally connected to support pieces 238, 239, which behind the right ammunition guide are attached to the housing. The switching lever 236 is with the right rear support rod 230 by an upper and a lower bell crank 240, 241 connected, which together with the switching lever 236 to the support rod 237 of the switching device are pivotable. Each lever 240, 241 is connected at one end to the switching lever 236 and at the the other end is provided with a forwardly open slot 242 which is the end of the rear support rod 230 for the right ammunition guide. When the switch lever around its support rod 237 is pivoted backwards, the angle levers 240, 241 cause a movement of the coupling strips 225, 226 for the ammunition guide to the right. This moves the right ammunition guide sideways out of the use position and the left ammunition guide moved sideways into the use position. This is in F i g. 4 indicated by dash-dotted lines.

A trigger-like locking member 245 (see also FIG. 11, which is pivotably connected to the switching lever at 246) is accommodated in the switching lever three notches 249, 250, 251 engages in the upper support piece 238. The ammunition guides are therefore pivoted in such a way that the right ammunition guide is in the position of use when the tab 248 is locked in the foremost notch 249 so that the left ammunition guide is in the position of use is when the tab 248 is locked in the rearmost notch 251 and both ammunition guides are in the rest position when the tab is locked in the middle notch 250 (see Fig. 10). Inside the switch lever is a spring 252, which tends to move the locking member 245 into the latching position. To disengage the locking member, one pushes against a downward direction eten arm 253 . _: f ,, ./. '. . </. ■ _:

Since the one located in an ammunition guide Other ballistic ammunition; Can have properties than the ammunition in the other ammunition guide a device is provided with which a sighting device is adjusted as a function of the position of the ammunition guides. The sighting device has a front sight 255 and a rear sight 256 holes. According to the Fi g. 8 and 12 the rear sight can be moved vertically in a U-shaped profile Support piece 254 stored, which is open to the front and attached to the top of the housing. Is on the rear sight a sliding block 257 is provided, which is inserted into a link 258 engages, which is formed in a horizontal, U-shaped support piece 259, which is attached to the coupling line

ste 225 is attached and rests against the front surface of the vertical support piece 254 , so that according to the predetermined ballistic properties of the two types of ammunition, the rear sight is raised when the left ammunition guide is in the use position and the rear sight is lowered when the right ammunition guide is in the Position of use arrives.

According to fig. 6, 7 and 13, the individual cartridges 27 are connected to one another by links 262 of a disintegration belt, shown for example, the details of which, apart from the way in which the belt elements interact with the firearm according to the invention and its feed device, do not form part of the invention. The ammunition belts of each supply are moved laterally inward in the ammunition guides along the housing and then through a side exit opening 263 of the ammunition guide and through opposing side openings 265 in the upper housing part. The openings 263 and 265 form the feed point 30 of the housing. After the feed point, the individual cartridges are stripped from the belt by the action of the reciprocating lock and placed in the chamber. This process is described below. The belt members 262 continue to move upward through upper openings 266 in the upper part of each ammunition guide and are there separated from the belt, whereupon they drop off the gun.

The ammunition feed device 7 has similar link stop rollers 270 which, in order to actuate the feed device, cooperate with similar, inclined coulisse 271 which are formed on opposite sides of the lower part 32 of the bolt carrier. The lower part 32 of the lock carrier and the links 271 are longer than the stroke of the lock carrier, so that the stop rollers 270 remain in the links 271 during the entire stroke. The feed devices on both sides of the housing are similar to one another, so that similar reference numerals are used for the corresponding parts of both devices.

According to FIGS. 6 to 8, each stop roller 270 is approximately centered at the feed point 30 (see FIG. 2) and rotatably mounted in a pawl carrier 272 with a horizontal axis 273 in the vicinity of the longitudinal center of the latter. Each of the pawl carriers 272 is arranged between the lower part 32 of the bolt carrier and one of the ammunition guides. The pawl carrier 272 moves vertically towards and away from the feed point in a rectangular opening 274 in the side wall of the housing. On the front and rear edge of the pawl carrier there is an elongated tongue 275 which engages in a vertical groove 276 in the side wall of the housing. In this way, the pawl carrier is guided in its vertically reciprocating movement. In the pawl carrier in front of or behind the stop roller 270 one of two similar feed pawls 277 is pivotably mounted, which are spring-loaded outward so that they protrude through vertical slots 278 in the inner side walls 279 of the corresponding ammunition guides and at those located in the ammunition guide Attack cartridges. The pawls can be freely pivoted upwards. Their downward pivoting, however, is limited by the fact that the lower end of the pawl engages the inner wall 280 of the pawl carrier
During the forward movement of the bolt carrier, the feed pawls 277 move out of the position shown in FIG. 6 into the in F i g. 7 and are pushed inward by a cartridge 27c when passing a cartridge. In the foremost position of the bolt carrier, the feed pawls are under the cartridge 27c to be detected because the pawl springs 282 push the pawls outward. When the bolt carrier moves backwards, the pawls raise the cartridge 27c in the ammunition guide.

The upward moving cartridge 27c pivots two identical, inwardly directed, spring loaded pawls 283 upward out of the way. Of these pawls 283 is shown in FIG. 8 only one shown. The catches are then reset at the upscale cartridge 27c and hold them while the feed pawl to move down to capture d to the next cartridge 27th Each pawl is pivotally mounted in a support member 284 which is on the outside of the ammunition guide and is moved inwardly by a spring 285 to engage the cartridges. The downward pivoting of the pawls is limited by the abutment of their lower ends 286 (see FIG. 14) on the support member 284 .

One sloping upwards and. inwardly directed leaf spring 288 guides the upper cartridge 27a sideways to the feed point 30 whereupon the cartridge is stripped, inserted into the chamber, and fired. One end of the guide spring 288 is attached to a rod 290 which extends between two guide arms 291 arranged at a distance from one another (see also FIG. 14). The other end of the spring is attached to the upper end of the ammunition guide. In the middle, the leaf spring is bent around a rod 292 which is fastened to the support member 284 and on which the guide arms 291 are pivotably mounted.

The rear part 302 of the side opening 263 of each ammunition guide is narrower than the diameter of the rear part of the cartridge 27. The front part 300 of this opening is wider than the widest part of the cartridge 27. The opening 263 closes with an opening 301 in the front wall of the Ammunition guide on. The raised cartridge 27 is held in the ammunition guide because it cannot pass completely through the narrow rear part 302 of the opening. However, the cartridge 27 protrudes as a result of the action of the leaf spring 288 so far through the side opening 263 of the ammunition guide that, in its position of use, the breech 28 engages the rear end of the cartridge 27 during its forward movement, stripping it from the belt members 262 and through the front Part 300 of the lateral opening 263 and the opening 301 pushes forward and inward and thereby brings it into the chamber. .

The empty belt links 262 are moved upward through the openings 266 in the upper part of the ammunition guides because forward and backward flaps 293 of the belt links (see Fig. 13) engage in vertical guide grooves 294 in the upper end of the spaced guide arms 291 .

At the feed point 30, the cartridge 27a engages a stop 295 , as a result of which the upward movement of the cartridge at the feed point is positively limited and the cartridge is fixed. This stop is mounted in the cover plate 296 of the ammunition guide so as to be pivotable about a horizontal transverse axis and is therefore pushed forward out of the way by the cartridge case when the cartridge moves

809 508/7

moved forward towards the chamber. A spring 297 returns the stop to its operative position. That front end of the cartridge is from a ramp 299 at the front end of the ammunition guide and from Inclined surfaces 298 of the ratchet teeth 161 in the area of the opposite sides of the tubular extension into the Cartridge chamber guided (see Fig. 5).

When an ammunition guide is pivoted into a rest position, as shown, for example, in FIGS. 6 and 7 is shown for the left ammunition guide and in Fig. 10 for both ammunition guides move in the reciprocating movement of the bolt carrier the feed pawls continue to reciprocate vertically, however are then the cartridges located in the ammunition guide so far out of the feed pawls arranged that these do not attack the cartridges, so that no ammunition from this ammunition guide is fed. The top cartridge is held in the ammunition guide because it is not that far can pass through the rear part 302 of the side opening 263 that the cartridge from the Closure is detected. Since the pawls form part of the ammunition guide, they remain effective and keep the cartridges in the ammunition guide, which is therefore ready for feeding ammunition when it is in the position of use is pivoted.

The outer side panel 303 of each ammunition guide can be opened to allow the interior of the ammunition guide becomes accessible. The side plate is on the front vertical support rod 219 with the help a support piece 304 pivotally mounted and attached to the front end of the side panel 305 has through which the support rod is inserted. The rear edge 306 of the side panel extends over the ammunition guide also backwards, so that this edge to pivot the Side plate can be detected.

With the side plate open, the ammunition in the ammunition guide can be pulled up by pulling a U-shaped release handle 307 can be removed. This is an extension of a U-shaped connector 309, the ends of which surround the support rod 290 for the leaf spring and are attached to this support rod are. When pulling the release handle 307, the guide arms 291 are pivoted outward so that the Leaf spring 288 is pulled away from the cartridges. This is indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIG. To the Wires 308 are attached to connectors 309 that connect the release handle to the pawls 283. the Wires 308 pull the pawls under the cartridges outward when pulled on the release handle 307 will. The cartridges can then be unloaded from the bottom of the cannon. Ammunition guide be pulled out. . .

In addition 5 sheets of drawings

Claims (9)

Patent claims: 1. Feeding device for an automatic firearm with two opposing ammunition guides for the optional feeding of two different ammunition held on belts to an ammunition feed point and with feed devices for the ammunition driven by a locking device of the weapon, da- _{] 0} characterized in that the ammunition guides (228, 229) are arranged on different sides of the weapon for alternating supply of ammunition to the ammunition supply point (30) so that they can be swiveled in and out, whereby feed pawls (227) can be brought into advancing engagement with the ammunition present in the swiveled-in ammunition guide (228, 229). 2. Feed device according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed pawls (277) depending on the forward and reverse movement of the locking device for detecting successive ammunition held by the belt and for their transport . 229) are displaceable, and that switching devices (236, 225, 226) can be moved between different positions, whereby the feed pawls (277) can be brought into or out of engagement in the various Muriitiorisfüngen. 3. Feed device according to claim 2, characterized in that the two ammunition guides (228, 229) in their inner side wall (279) each have an ammunition outlet opening (263) which is aligned with a corresponding ammunition receiving opening (265), and that in the side wall ( 279) an opening (278) for the feed pawls (277) is provided below the ammunition outlet opening, the feed pawls being aligned with the openings (278) and cams (271) arranged on opposite sides of the locking device being arranged so that they can be moved vertically back and forth , and that each ammunition guide can be moved into a first position in which it interacts with the corresponding feed pawl and ammunition receiving opening, and into a second position in which its interaction with the corresponding ammunition receiving opening and feed pawl is canceled, and that the switching device (236, 225 , 226) mechanically in such a way ge with the coin guides is coupled is that one of them can be moved into the first and the other into the second position. 4. Feeding device according to claim 1 with a sighting device, characterized in that at least two coin guides (228, 229) for the alternating feeding of ammunition from different ammunition stores and a switching device (236, 225, 226) for selecting one of the ammunition guides are available and that the sighting device (256,254,259) is adjustable depending on the position of the switching device. 5. Feeding device according to claim 1 with a shooting type control, characterized in that at least two ammunition guides (228, 229) for the alternating supply of ammunition from different ammunition stores and a switching device (236, 225, 226) for selecting one of the ammunition guides are available and that the shooting mode control is connected to the switching device. 6. Feed device according to at least one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the curves (271) extend over the length of the lower part (32) of the locking device and pawl carriers (272) on which the .Vorschubklinken (277) are arranged, are aritreibbär by attacks (270) attacking the curves (271). 1. Feeding device according to at least one of claims 1-3, characterized in that spring-loaded, pivotable spring devices (288) through which a force directed at the mill outlet openings (263) can be generated on the ammunition in the coin guides (228, 229) , a downward movement of the belted cartridge preventing pawls (283) are arranged. 8. Feed device according to claim 7, characterized in that a with the Federeihrichtühgen (288) and the Sperrklihkeh (283) coupled, from the outside of the Munitibnsführüngeh (228, 229) accessible linkage (307, 309) is arranged, A through which the Fedefeinrichtuhgen and the ^ pawls with the Pätrohen can be brought into external engagement. '. 9. Feeding device according to at least one of claims 1-3, characterized in that the switching device (236, 225, 226) can assume three positions, one of the two coin guides (228, 229) being switched on in the first and in the second position while the third position is a neutral position.