EP1534908A1

EP1534908A1 - Covering panel

Info

Publication number: EP1534908A1
Application number: EP03787504A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Franz Knauseder
Original assignee: M Kaindl OG
Current assignee: Kaindl Flooring GmbH
Priority date: 2002-08-19
Filing date: 2003-08-18
Publication date: 2005-06-01
Anticipated expiration: 2023-08-18
Also published as: US20040031227A1; RU2299958C2; RU2005107695A; AU2003258343A1; BR0313616A; CA2495781A1; US7188456B2; ES2314269T3; JP2005535805A; DK1534908T3; ATA12442002A; CN1688778A; JP4630060B2; EP1534908B1; NO20051274L; WO2004016877A1; LV13310B; UA85667C2; CA2495781C; ZA200501195B

Abstract

A tongue and groove cladding panel is described.

Description

Facing tile

The invention relates to a cladding panel for floors, walls or ceilings or similar uses according to the preamble of claim 1. Such panels have grooves and tongues on their side surfaces around them

To be able to lay panels in the association. In order to achieve the most stable possible dressing, it can also be provided that the plates are glued together.

The primary aim of the invention is to be able to produce panels of the type mentioned at the outset as simply and inexpensively as possible, furthermore to enable their storage over long periods of time without impairment and finally to make the laying as quick and easy as possible. Another goal is to create a stable, durable and solid surface from the interconnected panels; when laying, however, it should be possible to align the panels over a certain period of time.

These goals are achieved in a cladding panel of the type mentioned with the features stated in the characterizing part of claim 1.

According to the invention, at least one caterpillar or web is applied in the groove or on at least one inner surface of the legs of the groove and / or on at least one surface of the tongue, and a recess is provided for accommodating it on the respectively assigned and attachable surface of the tongue and / or groove , is trained. In this way, the caterpillar acts as a locking device when laying the cladding panels or when joining them together; the caterpillar and the recess act together as locking elements. If the locking element or the caterpillar is formed with an adhesive, an adhesive connection between the groove and the tongue can be achieved. The caterpillar made of plastic and / or adhesive is applied in the factory in a simple and rapid manner, e.g. sprayed; in particular, the caterpillar is applied in the groove, which protects the caterpillar from damage and soiling.

A material processing operation, e.g. Milling, to form a locking element is not required.

It is only necessary to form a recess assigned to the caterpillar in the wall surface of the groove and / or in the spring surfaces; the formation of the locking element interacting with this recess in the form of the caterpillar is extremely simple. This type of joining and optionally of gluing, etc. can be used for cladding panels of ^'any materials, wood, derived timber products, especially MDF, HDF, particle. A number of plastics are known which can be applied as a corresponding bead or web to the surfaces of the groove and / or the tongue. In particular, silicone plastics, plastics based on polyalkylene, in particular VC, PE, PP, and hot-melt adhesive based on neoprene are suitable for this. such Plastics should be hot-formable or hot-adhesive and extrudable or moldable in a caterpillar shape and should be able to solidify and adhere to the respective material of the plate. In use, they should have appropriate elasticity and viscosity in order to act as a locking element. Thermoplastics, elastomers or thermoplastic elastomers are particularly suitable as thermoformable plastics. Polyolefins, vinyl polymers, polyamides, polyesters, polyurethane and ionomers can be used as thermoplastics. Various types of rubber can be used as elastomers. TPE, TPR, TPO, SPS, TP-Q, TP-U are particularly suitable as thermoplastic elastomers. Hot melt adhesives or heat seal adhesives based on ethylene vinyl chloride, PA, PL), EVA can also be used as plastics. Other plastics can also be used.

A number of adhesives are known which have sufficient strength so that when the tongue is inserted into the groove they are not removed or their surface shape is damaged, but are sufficiently activated due to the penetration of atmospheric moisture and / or the application of water during laying to fully develop their adhesive effect. After the adhesive of the adhesive bead has hardened, it acts on the one hand due to the adhesive effect and on the other hand due to the unfolded locking effect. The adhesives used should be able to be applied to the respective material of the plate with a nozzle and adhere well there. Such cladding panels have the advantage that the handles and

Manipulation steps when laying the panels on site are significantly reduced; it is only necessary to introduce water into the groove and / or to apply it to the tongue with a suitable remedy in order to activate the adhesive, if this is desired at all. If the adhesive is curing due to the presence of moisture in the air, this procedure is also not necessary.

A particular advantage lies in the fact that the mass of the adhesive specified in the adhesive bead at the factory provides a correctly dimensioned or sufficient amount of adhesive and that there is fiddling with or removal of any excess adhesive applied or the adhesive exiting from the groove - Spring connection is omitted. In particular, glues consisting of water-soluble, animal (glutin, casein), vegetable (starch, dextrin, cellulose ether) or synthetic (e.g. polyacrylic acid derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone) polymers and water as solvents are suitable as adhesives. These belong to the class of one-component, cold-setting adhesives, in which the solvent (water) is absorbed or escapes during the bonding process. These glues solidify on cooling, especially gelatinous, and usually dry into a transparent mass, which dissolves into a gel with high adhesive strength when in contact with water. It is preferred if one prepared with water or one dispersed in water

Adhesive or a glue is applied as a bead of adhesive and is dried in situ or at the factory. By applying water to the consumer directly dried on it

Adhesive layer or by indirect, intensive contact with the water applied to a panel to be attached or its tongue or groove, or by penetrating water

After the panels have been joined together, the dried glue is activated and returned to the active state ready for glueing. Applying the watery

The activator can be sprayed or applied using a sponge or the like.

In an advantageous procedure, the beads of adhesive are first moistened with water or a film of water, at least wetting the adhesive bead, is applied or sprayed onto the springs and / or in the grooves of the plates, and the plates are then joined together. The open time of the reactivated adhesive is chosen such that there is sufficient time for the plates to be joined together.

If the caterpillar or track is made of plastic, this embodiment has the advantage that the groove and the tongue can be easily locked together; if the caterpillar or web is formed from an adhesive, then locking can be carried out accompanied by adhesive bonding.

It is advantageous if the features of claim 4 are realized. With such a configuration of tongue and groove, the cohesion of two cladding panels to be joined is improved and is substantially substantial

Rigid covering reached. In this case, the adhesive of an adhesive bead can support the particularly intimate connection between the groove and the tongue.

It is advantageous if the features of claim 6 are met. In this way, the risk of damage or shearing of the adhesive bead or a plastic bead when inserting the tongue into the groove is reduced or its hold on the surface to which the bead adheres is increased. In this context too, it is advantageous if the adhesive bead adheres firmly in this recess and / or to the wall surfaces of the groove and / or the spring surfaces. This firm adherence should not be completely lost even when the adhesive is activated by contact with water, in particular this adherence should be as strong as possible.

It is advantageously provided that the groove and the tongue are each formed longitudinally or in a longitudinal side and longitudinally or in a transverse side of a plate, the tongue and / or the groove and / or the caterpillar or web possibly extending over the entire Extend the length of the respective side surface. This ensures optimal connectivity and cohesion across all sides of the cladding panels when laying with the cladding panels to be connected.

Joining panels to be joined becomes easy when the features of claim 7 are used; the joining of the flat surfaces is minimal Effort possible; it is only necessary to overcome the elevations formed by the caterpillars applied in order to insert them into the recesses. For this purpose, it is provided according to the invention that at least one leg, preferably the lower one, of the groove can be elastically expanded or elastically bent when the tongue is inserted and / or the plastic and / or adhesive used has corresponding elastic behavior or viscosity.

If the features of claim 10 are realized, there is a good and easy to implement, no additional space-consuming connection of two panels to be joined. The shape of the adhesive bead ensures that it comes into contact with the spring surface or the wall surface of the groove in the plate to be added and thus glue the two plates together. Any elastic widening of the legs of the groove by the adhesive bead introduced into the recess is reversed in the course of the activation of the softening adhesive; thus the cross section of the adhesive bead and the cross section of the associated recess can overlap to a certain extent. In this regard, the features of claim 21 are advantageous.

According to the invention it is provided that the adhesive of the adhesive bead or web is water-soluble or can be dissolved and / or activated upon contact with or supply of water and / or moisture and / or of water-soluble glue, e.g. White glue, and / or is formed by a pressure-sensitive adhesive or a pressure-activating or pressure-activating adhesive when pressure is applied.

According to the invention, it is further provided that the board is made of wood-based material, MDF, HDF, plastic, recycled plastic, with synthetic resin or bound chips (chipboard) and, if necessary, on its front or usage surface and / or on its back with at least one Edition, e.g. a decorative pad, in particular made of plastic, decorative paper, wood or the like.

The cross-sectional shape of the caterpillar can be chosen in many ways; It is advantageous if the caterpillar or web and / or the recess and / or the recess have a semicircular, lenticular, elliptical or elongated rectangular shape in cross section, and / or that the transitions from the flat surfaces to the recesses and / or run rounded or chamfered to the recesses.

A good cohesion of two plates to be connected or of tongue and groove results if the features of claim 18 are realized. In such an embodiment, the adhesive bead is certainly in contact with the parts to be connected, namely tongue and groove of two plates to be connected.

It is particularly advantageous if, according to the invention, the features of the characterizing part of claim 27 are fulfilled. In this way, the caterpillar fulfills a double function, namely, it acts as a locking element and as an element for connecting from two plates. The features of claim 32 are advantageous. With such a component, referred to as an external spring, it is only necessary to mill grooves on the peripheral surfaces of a plate; the components can be quickly manufactured in large quantities; the components are sometimes connected to the plates at the factory or remain with the consumer.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the grooves and tongues are not directed perpendicular to the side surfaces of the plates, but rather run perpendicular to the surface of the plates. This means that the tongue and groove can be locked when the panels are laid by a movement perpendicular to the panel surface. Regardless of this, all advantages of the tongue and groove connection options described above can be used or provided.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings, which represent, for example and schematic embodiments of the invention.

1 to 9 and 11 to 14 show schematic sections through cladding panels; Fig. 10 shows schematically the joining of two cladding panels; 15 shows a detail of a caterpillar; Fig. 16 shows an embodiment of the invention in which the spring is in the form of a "foreign spring" and is inserted in grooves of adjacent or to be connected plates; 17 shows a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention. 18, 19 and 20 show further embodiments of the invention.

Fig. 10 shows schematically two cladding panels 1, 2, which are to be moved towards one another and connected to one another in the direction of the arrow 20. In the last step, this shifting or connecting can only take place in the plane spanned by the two plates 1, 2. The two plates each have on one of their long sides a tongue 6 projecting from the end face 17 and on the opposite long side a groove 12 formed in the end face 17. The same conditions are present on the end faces 17 of the narrow sides; each of the plates 1, 2 has a groove 12 and a tongue 6 on the end face 17 of these narrow sides.

The shape of the groove and the tongue are matched to each other to ensure a good connection between the groove and the tongue. This shape allows the tongue 6 to be inserted into the groove 12 when the plates 1, 2 are aligned in the plane of the plate. It is possible to connect the plates 1, 2 like a checkerboard or offset from one another. Both the connection on the long sides and on the narrow sides takes place by moving essentially in the plane spanned by the plates 1, 2.

Fig. 1 shows schematically a section through two plates 1, 2, which are to be joined together. The plate 1 has a spring 6 which is inserted into a groove 12 in the plate 2 until the end faces 17 in the upper region or in the region of the surface 18 of the Plates 1, 2 are close together. The boundary edges of the groove 12 can be rounded or chamfered.

A caterpillar 8 is applied to at least one spring surface, in the present case the spring surface 7 close to the surface, or in particular adheres firmly to the spring surface 7. On a with corresponding plates connected or associated location of the near-surface wall surface 5 of the groove 12 or of the leg 3 is formed a in its cross section to the bead 8 ^• adapted recess 9 in the otherwise smooth wall surface. 5 When the two plates 1, 2 are connected, or when the tongue 6 is inserted into the groove 12, the caterpillar 8 comes to rest in the region of the recess 9 or can latch with this recess 9. It is advantageously provided that the adhesive of an adhesive bead or web 8 is water-soluble or can be dissolved and / or activated upon contact with or supply of water and / or moisture and / or of water-soluble glue, for example white glue, and / or of a pressure adhesive or an adhesive that develops or activates pressure when pressure is applied. The adhesive of the adhesive bead 8 can be activated by wetting the adhesive bead 8 with water before the plates 1, 2 are joined or by entering water into the groove 12 or into the recess 9. Depending on the choice of adhesive, provision can also be made for the adhesive ability of the adhesive bead 8 to be activated and thus an adhesive connection between the spring 6 and the leg 3 after the adhesive bead 8 has been latched to the recess 9 by atmospheric moisture penetrating during use of the plates 1, 2 Groove 12 is made. In principle, adhesives that can be activated with substances other than water could also be used.

For the assembly of the plates 1, 2, in the present case for the insertion of the tongue 6 provided with the caterpillar 8 into the groove 12, it is provided according to the invention that at least one leg 3, 4 of the groove 12 can be elastically expanded or inserted when the tongue 6 is inserted is elastically bendable.

In principle, it is possible to form at least one or more caterpillars 8 and / or recess (s) 9 in parallel on one or on both tongue surfaces 7 or on one or both wall surfaces 5 of the groove 12. It is only necessary to ensure that each caterpillar 8 is assigned a corresponding recess 9 at the corresponding point in the wall opposite it.

Accordingly, two caterpillars 8 mounted on the spring 6 are formed in FIG. 2; with these caterpillars 8 correspond at a corresponding point on the wall surface 5 of the groove 12 two recesses 9. In this way, the bonding and / or locking of tongue and groove can be improved.

In one embodiment of the invention according to FIG. 3 it is provided that both spring surfaces 7 converge towards the free end of the spring 6 and that the wall surfaces 5 the groove 12 is inclined at the same angle as the spring surfaces 7 and to converge outwards.

For these and also for all other embodiments, it can apply that the tongue 6 and the groove 12 can be connected in a positive manner or with a snug fit at least over a part of the tongue 6, possibly over the entire insertion area (es), and / or that the area of the tongue 6 located in front of the caterpillar or track 8 or the recess 9 towards the free end of the tongue 6 can be inserted in the groove 12 with a positive fit or with a snug fit. In all embodiments, it can be provided that the tongue 6 and / or the groove 12 and / or the caterpillar or track 8 extend over the entire length of the respective side surface 17, and / or that the caterpillar or track 8 and possibly the Recess 9 and optionally the recess 10 extend continuously over the length of the groove and / or the tongue 6 or are formed or applied in the form of individual successive sections. As a material for the boards according to the invention, it is advantageously provided that the board 1, 2 is made of wood, wood-based material, MDF, HDF, plastic, recycled plastic, with synthetic resin or bonded chips (chipboard) and, if necessary, on its front or usage surface and / or on the back of each with at least one pad 13, 14, for example a decorative pad, in particular made of plastic or decorative paper. Furthermore, it can advantageously be provided that the groove 12 and the tongue 6 are formed from the material of the plate 1, 2 or milled out of the latter, or that the tongue 6 is formed in one piece with the material of the plate 1, 2. In all embodiments and also in the embodiment according to FIG. 3 it can be provided that the caterpillar (s) or track (s) 8 with the (n) associated recess (s) 9 in the tongue 6 and / or in the groove 12 can be locked and the caterpillar (s) or web (s) 8 and the recess (s) 9 cooperate as locking elements.

In an embodiment according to FIG. 4, it is provided according to the invention that a bead 8 is formed on a wall surface 5 of the groove 12; a recess for receiving the caterpillar 8 is formed at a corresponding position on the spring surface 7. This allows both locking and gluing of the two plates 1, 2 to be connected to one another.

In an embodiment according to FIG. 5 it is provided that a recess 9 is formed on the spring surface 7 near the surface and that a bead 8 is applied on the spring surface 7 remote from the surface. Correspondingly, a bead 8 is formed on the near-surface wall surface 5 of the leg 3 of the groove 12 and a recess 9 is formed on the wall surface 5 of the leg 4. As can also be seen from Fig. 5, the caterpillar 8 and the recess 9 are each in position assigned to enable a corresponding locking and, if necessary, gluing.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 6, it is provided that two recesses 9 are formed on each spring surface 7 at a distance from the end surface 17 of the plate 1; Correspondingly, in the wall surfaces 5 of the legs 3 and 4 there are two caterpillars 8 at a corresponding distance or a corresponding distance from the end face 17 of the

Plate 2 trained.

According to the invention, it can be provided that part of the caterpillar or web 8 is arranged sunk in a recess 10 which is formed in the wall surface 5 of the groove 12 and / or in the spring surface 7. The recess 10 helps to ensure that the applied bead 8 is firmly connected to the respective wall surface and is not sheared off even when the tongue 6 is inserted into the groove 12. As shown in FIG. 15, the caterpillar 8 can also extend over the recess 10 onto the surfaces 5 or 7.

The plates 1, 2 can have supports 13 and 14, e.g. made of wood, plastic, paper or the like, provided in order to design the usable area or the floor area accordingly. However, these requirements have no influence on the connection technology according to the invention.

The selected cross sections of the recesses 9 and the recesses 10 or the caterpillars 8 can be selected; the area of the caterpillar 8 protruding from the recess 10 or projecting from the wall surface 5 of the groove 12 or the spring surface 7 is received by the recess 9 or comes into contact with the surfaces thereof and, if appropriate, glues the spring 6 to the legs 3, 4 the groove 12. The cross-sectional shape of the recesses 9 can be oblong, rectangular, triangular, lenticular, triangular, elliptical or the like.

In principle, as shown in FIG. 11, the recess 9 could also be formed by a series of recesses lying directly next to one another, which together form a recess 9. In this case, a corresponding shape of the bead and / or a corresponding application of water for the adhesive bead 8 is to be provided or this adhesive bead is to be loosened accordingly, so that it softens sufficiently and can assume or fulfill the cross-sectional shape of the recesses 9. Alternatively, the plastic of the caterpillar would have had a correspondingly high elasticity or viscosity.

In principle, it should be avoided that the legs 3, 4 of the groove 12, which are elastically expanded when the tongue 6 is inserted into the groove 12, remain in the expanded position. In the expanded state, the joint 16 between the surfaces 18 of the two plates 1, 2 would form a step which would be subject to increased wear. In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the leg 3 of the groove 12 near the surface is made stronger or less elastic, in particular inelastic at all, and only the leg near the bottom or the bottom of the groove is designed to be elastically deflectable. In this way it can be avoided that larger or less deformable caterpillars 8 the upper leg 3 near the surface is bent open, but only the lower weaker or thinner leg 4 of the groove 12 is bent. To prevent the upper leg 3 of a groove 12 from bending open, it can also be provided that the caterpillar (s) 8 are (are) only formed on the downwardly directed spring surface 7 or on the wall surface 5 of the lower leg 4 of the groove 12. , In this way, both the tongue 6 and the upper leg 3 of the groove 12 would counteract an arching of the connection point if the size or the volume of the caterpillar is too large or if an adhesive is not used to soften it sufficiently and that the volume specified for him is not sufficient.

The shape of the recess 10 can also be lenticular, triangular, semi-elliptical or oblong rectangular; it is provided that this recess 10 - like the recess 9 - is formed as a recess in the otherwise flat spring surface 7 or the flat wall surface 5 of the groove 12. The purpose of this is to define or limit the application of adhesive or the amount of plastic for the bead 8 to certain areas.

In an embodiment according to the invention according to FIG. 8, it is provided that recesses 10 are formed in the spring surfaces 7 of the spring 6, each of which accommodates a caterpillar 8. The two caterpillars 8 have different cross sections. It is entirely possible to design the caterpillars, which are located in the two wall surfaces 5 of a groove 12 or on the two tongue surfaces 7 of a tongue 6, differently; the recesses 9, which accommodate the caterpillars 8, must then also be designed accordingly differently. In the case of FIG. 8, the recess 9 formed in the leg 3 is larger than the recess 9 formed in the leg 4. It can be advantageous if the front edge regions of the spring 6 have curves or bevels 19, as is shown in FIG. 1, 3 or 7 and 8 is shown in order to push the legs 3, 4 or the caterpillars 8 apart as gently as possible when inserting the tongue 6 into the groove 12.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 9 it is provided that the adhesive beads 8, which are formed on the wall surfaces 5 of the groove 12, have a height H which exceeds the common depth of the recess 9 and the recess 10. In order to achieve a bumpless surface connection here or to avoid permanent widening of the groove, an adhesive is provided which is so soft due to the absorption or by wetting with water that it deforms and the free space 23 in the recess 10 and fulfills the free space 23 of the recess 9.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 12, it is provided that the caterpillar 8, which was applied in a recess 10 in a wall surface 5 of the groove 12, is cross-sectionally identical to the cross-section of the preferably triangular recess 9, which is located in the facing spring surface 7 of the spring 6, overlaps. The overlapping areas 21 in adhesive beads are softened accordingly by activating the adhesive of the adhesive bead 8 with water, so that the adhesive bead 8 can adapt to the shape of the recess 9 while simultaneously gluing and latching the two plates 1, 2 to be connected. In the case of caterpillars, the plastic should have the appropriate viscosity.

14 shows, in recesses 10 of different design in the two wall surfaces 5 of the groove 12, caterpillars which have different cross sections, in particular adhesive beads or webs 8, which are compared with one another and in comparison with the adhesive beads 8 different recesses 9 cooperate in the spring surfaces 7 of the spring 6.

As can be seen in FIG. 14, the spring 6 can in principle or in all embodiments have a rounding 24 directly in front of the recesses 9. This also makes it possible to make the spring 6 shorter and the groove 12 less deep. Furthermore, it can be seen from FIG. 14 that the joint 16 in the region of the plates 1, 2 near the surface is formed such that the regions near the surface of the end face 17 abut one another and a gap is avoided as far as possible. In the region of the plates 1, 2 remote from the surface or near the ground, it is provided that the end faces 17 do not touch one another or that a gap 15 is formed between them. This is achieved in particular by the fact that the leg 4 of the groove 12 near the bottom is made slightly shorter than the leg 3 near the surface.

It is generally advantageous if the caterpillar or track 8 is applied centrally on the spring surface 7 or on the wall 5 of the groove 12 or the legs 3, 5. 13 shows various dimensions of the caterpillar, in particular one

Adhesive bead 8 and the groove 12 entered. On the basis of this figure, some information is given regarding advantageous embodiments of beads, in particular adhesive beads.

According to the invention, it can be provided that the width B of the bead or web 8 is two to nine times, preferably two to seven times, in particular three to seven times, as large as its height H. According to the invention, it can further be provided that the adhesive bead or web 8 comprises an adhesive-latent adhesive material, preferably a water-emulsifiable polymer adhesive, wherein the adhesive material can be converted into the ready-to-stick or adhesive state by moistening with water, and / or that the plastic or the water or water moisture ( re) activatable adhesive material of the adhesive bead or web 8 with an essentially uniform layer thickness of 0.1 to 0.6 mm, in particular of 0.2 to 0.5 mm, with thickness tolerances in the range of ± 0.05 to 0, 1 mm, is applied, and / or that the adhesive of the adhesive bead or web 8 is formed from a rapid binder or assembly glue based on polyvinyl acetate, such as Doms MDO 55 from Henkel, or from a commercially available wood glue, for example based on starch and / or protein. It can be advantageous if the width B of the bead of adhesive or web 8 corresponds to 5 to 25%, preferably 9 to 21%, in particular 12 to 17% of the thickness D of the groove 12.

It should be noted that the caterpillars 8 can be attached to the corresponding surfaces 5, 7 either directly on these surfaces 5, 7 or in the recesses 10 which were formed in the particularly flat surfaces 5, 7. Advantageously, the caterpillars 8 project about 0.2 mm above the respective surface 5, 7. The recesses 9 designed to receive the beads of adhesive 8 advantageously have a depth of at most 0.3 mm. It is particularly advantageous if recesses 9 of approximately triangular shape cooperate with beads 8 having a lenticular shape in cross section. In this regard, reference is made to the embodiment of FIG. 12. The spring 6 advantageously carries a recess 9 on each spring surface 7 and an adhesive bead 8 is optionally applied in a recess 10 on each leg 3, 4 of the groove 12.

The main effect of the applied caterpillar is its locking effect, which is used in particular in the course of laying and adapting panels to be joined.

With a corresponding rounding of the edges of the free end of the spring 6 and / or rounding of the inner edges of the wall surfaces 5 of the legs 3, 4 of the groove 12, it is possible to lay the panels 1, 2 to be joined together for the time being at a certain angle to achieve an entry of the tongue 6 into the groove 12 to a certain extent. The final locking of tongue 6 and groove 12 or the last locking step, which ends with the contact of the end faces 17 in the area near the surface, is only possible if the plates 1, 2 are displaced relative to one another in the plane of the plate.

In principle, it is also possible to apply adhesive in excess or to make the cross section of the adhesive bead 8 larger than the cross section of the recess 9. In this case, the adhesive softened by the solvent, in particular water, would enter the gap between the groove and the tongue enter. This could be advantageous for the strength of the tongue and groove connection. Care should be taken, however, that the adhesive is softened or softened accordingly, so that no unevenness is formed in the joint area of the plates 1, 2 to be connected to one another. The amount of adhesive to be applied in the adhesive bead 8 thus depends on the geometric conditions between the tongue 6 and the groove 12 or on the size of the Recesses 9 and 10 and in particular also on the viscosity of the reactivated adhesive.

Fig. 16 shows an embodiment of the invention, in which the spring construction is designed such that the side surfaces 17, on which a plate 1, 2 should have a spring that should cooperate with a groove of a plate to be connected, are designed such that for the time being a groove 12 is also formed there, into which a tongue 6 'of an independent component can be inserted. This spring 6 'occurs as a separate component instead of the spring 6 described in the figures and the description or claims and is connected or connectable to the plate 1, 2, optionally at the factory. The spring 6 'is designed along its two sides as a spring 6 or is designed on both sides as described in connection with the description, the drawings and the patent claims for a spring 6. It can be provided that the spring is designed as a mirror image. With one side the tongue 6 'is inserted into a groove of the plate 1 and with its other side into a groove of the plate 2. The caterpillars 8 and / or recesses 9 engage on the spring surface 7 with recesses 9 and / or caterpillars 8 in the legs 3, 4 of the respective grooves 12.

The component constitutes a double spring 6. The advantage of the so-called external spring is that the plates 1, 2 are only to be designed all around with corresponding grooves 12 on their side surfaces and the foreign springs 6 'are to be inserted into the grooves 12 in the factory or only when they are installed , A foreign spring 6 'is also inserted in the plane of the respective plate 1, 2. The plates 1, 2 are also connected when foreign springs 6' are used, at least in the last assembly step, by shifting in the plate plane.

All explanations for the springs 6 apply both to the left part and to the right part of the component 6 'shown in FIG. 16.

17 shows an embodiment of the invention, in which the grooves 12 are not formed perpendicular to the side surfaces 17, but rather perpendicular to the surface of the plates 1, 2, ie rotated by 90 °. The groove area A is constructed or constructed in the same way as the grooves 12 are, which are described in FIGS. 1 to 16 or the associated description and the associated patent claims. A tongue 6 interacts with this groove 12, which also corresponds to the tongues 6, as has been described in the previous FIGS. 1 to 16 and in the previous description and the patent claims. The spring 6 can also be viewed as rotated by 90 °. The area A thus represents nothing other than the previously described connection area of a groove 12 with a tongue 6, only that in the present case the groove 12 and the tongue 6 run perpendicular to the surface of the plate 2. So there is a connection of the plates 1, 2 not by a displacement in the plane of the plate, but by a displacement perpendicular to the surface of the plates 1, 2. A Swiveling in the plates is not possible; in the final step of joining, there is a movement perpendicular to the plate plane.

As already described above in connection with FIGS. 1 to 16, the

Wall surfaces 5 of the groove 12 and / or on the spring surfaces 7 recesses 9 and / or beads 8, in particular adhesive beads formed to mutual locking of the

Groove 12 with the spring 6 and, if necessary, to cause mutual sticking.

Furthermore, the area B can also be a groove area rotated by 90 ° in the

1 to 16 and the claims, which is formed in the plate 2. The leg 4 of this groove area B acts on the one hand as a spring 6 with the groove 12 of area A; on the other hand, the leg 4 also forms a groove 12 'with the body 31 of the plate 2, into which the leg 4 of the area A can be inserted. One or both sides of the leg 4 can be provided with beads 8 and / or recesses 9 which cooperate with beads 8 and / or recesses 9 formed in or on the wall surfaces 5 'of the groove 12'. The formation of such caterpillars 8 and the recesses 9 in the

Groove 12 and / or on the tongue 6 has already been described in detail in the preceding description.

If it is provided that the plate 2 in its lateral end region with a

Boundary surface 30 ends at a distance from the outer leg 4 of the groove 12 in order to facilitate the joining of the plates 1, 2, so corresponding caterpillars 8 and / or recesses 9 are provided only on the spring 6, which in the groove 12 of the

Area A of the plate 1 can be introduced.

The leg 3 of the groove 12 in the plate 1 is integrated in the plate body of the plate 1 or is represented by the plate body. The caterpillars 8 can in turn be arranged in depressions 10; 17, however, such depressions 10 are not shown. The adhesives and / or plastics described above are used for the caterpillars 8.

The grooves 12, tongues 6, recesses 9 and 10 are preferably through

Milling. It is advantageous if at least one caterpillar extends parallel to or along the edge of the end face 17 or in the longitudinal direction of the plate 1, 2. In principle, the course of the caterpillar, possibly due to the manufacture or intended, can be of a parallel course in

Deviate in relation to the longitudinal extent of the plate.

The recess 9 on the spring 6 has, according to FIG. 18, an abutment or contact surface 60 facing the end face of the plate 1 for the caterpillar 8 or, according to FIG. 19, the recess 9 in the groove 1 has an abutment or contact surface facing the groove base Contact area

60 for the caterpillar 8. These surfaces 60 act together with the caterpillar 8 or latch with it and counteract the spring 36 exiting from the groove 12. The surface 60 can inclined to the surface of the plate 1, 2 (indicated by dashed lines in FIG. 19) or run vertically.

In the case of FIG. 18, the recess 9 extends on the spring 6 from the support surface 60 to the end face of the plate 2 and in the case of FIG. 19 in the groove 12 from the contact surface 60 to the groove base. The recess 9 is the same size or larger than the volume of the bead 12 to be accommodated. The bead 12 can be glued to the surface 60 and / or to the inner surface or to parts of the inner surface of the recess 9 opposite the bead 12.

20 shows cladding panels 1, 2 which can be connected to one another by pivoting and moving them towards one another. According to FIG. 20 below, a plate 1 has a groove 12, the inner surfaces of which are curved. The spring 6 of the plate 2 to be connected has spring surfaces which are adapted to the curvature of the groove side surfaces. Furthermore, the thickness of the tongue 6 corresponds to the width of the groove 12.

In the present case, the spring carries at least one caterpillar or track 8 on its spring surfaces, which can be inserted or engaged in adapted recesses 9 in the groove side surfaces.

The mutual connection of the plates 1, 2 takes place, as shown in Fig. 20 above. The panel to be connected is placed at an angle on an already installed panel and the end region of the tongue 6 is inserted into the groove 12. This is followed by a lowering or swiveling of the attached plate 2, the tongue 6 being inserted into the groove 12. At the same time, the plates 1, 2 are approached. In the final stage of the connection movement, the caterpillars 8 engage with the recesses 9 and hold the connection created. 20 schematically shows three positions of the plate 2 to be connected. In the uppermost position, which is hatched, the plate to be connected is in a position in which the spring 6 is inserted to a certain extent into the groove 12. When the attached plate 2 is pivoted further downward, as can be seen from the middle position shown, the tongue 6 penetrates deeper into the groove 12 until in the connected position at least the end regions of the plates 1, 2 on the surface and the tongue and the tongue 6 is so far received by the groove 12 that the caterpillars 8 correspond or interact with the recesses 9. The same also applies if the position of the caterpillars 8 and the recesses 9 are interchanged.

It is advantageous if the radii of curvature of the inner surfaces of the groove 12 and the surfaces of the tongue 6 are of the same size or the thickness of the tongue 6 corresponds to the width of the groove 12.

It is generally advantageous if the caterpillars 8 are directly opposite one another with respect to the spring 6; The same applies to the caterpillars 8 on the inner surfaces of the groove 12. Accordingly, the recesses 9 are also opposite one another. It is possible to form caterpillars 8 and / or recesses 9 which cooperate with one another on the outside and on the outside of the groove side surfaces.

It is furthermore possible for the spring surfaces and the side surfaces of the groove 12 to have straight and curved sections, the straight sections not hindering or permitting pivoting of the attached plate 2 when two plates 1, 2 are connected.

Claims

Patent claims:

1. Cladding panel for floors, walls or ceilings, the along at least one edge or end face (17) a groove (12) and along at least one other edge or

End face (17) has a spring (6),

- The cross sections of the tongue (6) and the groove (12) are adapted to one another and plates (1, 2) to be connected to one another by inserting the tongue (6) into the groove (12) in the course of a substantially in the plate plane or moving substantially perpendicular to the plate plane and / or in the course of a

Pivoting are connectable, characterized in

- That on at least one wall surface (5) of the groove (12) or on its legs (3, 4) and / or on at least one spring surface (7) at least one, in particular factory-applied, bead or web (8) made of adhesive and / or plastic is applied or tied, and

- That on the tongue (6) in the wall surface (5) provided with the caterpillar or track (8) of the groove (12) facing the tongue surface (7) and / or in the groove (12) or in the legs ( 3, 4) in the wall surface (5) facing the spring surface (7) provided with the caterpillar or track (8) at least one recess (9) for at least partially

Recording the, in particular for receiving the entire, caterpillar or web (8) in the assembled state of two adjacent plates (1, 2).

2. Plate according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove (12) and the tongue (6) in each case on a long side and on a transverse side of a plate (1, 2) in or on the latter

End face (17) or in the edge area are formed.

3. Plate according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in

- That at least one spring surface (7) converges towards the free end of the spring (6) or runs parallel to the surface (18) of the plate (1, 2) and / or

- That at least one wall surface (5) of the groove (12) is inclined at the same angle as the associated or adjacent spring surface (7) and converges to the outside or parallel to the surface (18) of the plate (1, 2).

4. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in - That the feet and the nest he or she can be connected over the entire insertion area (es) of the spring (6) in a form-fitting manner or with a snug fit and / or

- That at least the area of the tongue (6) located in front of the caterpillar or track (8) or the recess (9) towards the free end of the tongue (6) can be inserted positively or with a snug fit in the groove (12).

5. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spring (6) and / or the groove (12) and / or the caterpillar or track (8) over the entire length of the respective side surface (17) or extend edge.

6. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a part of the caterpillar or web (8) is arranged sunk in a recess (10) which in the respective wall surface (5) of the groove (12) and / or is formed in the respective spring surface (7).

7. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the wall surfaces (5) of the groove (12) and / or the spring surfaces (7) are planar, the recesses (9) and / or the recesses (10 ) Represent depressions in these flat surfaces (5, 7).

8. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the caterpillar or web (8) and optionally the recess (9) and optionally the recess (10) extending continuously over the length of the groove and / or the tongue ( 6) extend or are formed or applied in the form of individual successive sections.

9. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the adhesive of a caterpillar or web (8) is water-soluble or is soluble and / or activatable upon contact with or supply of water and / or moisture and / or water-soluble Glue, e.g. White glue, and / or is formed by a pressure-sensitive adhesive or a pressure-activating or pressure-activating adhesive when pressure is applied.

10. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in

- That the cross section of the recess (9) formed in the groove (12) or in its leg (3, 4) and / or on the spring (6) is the cross section of the spring surface (7) or the surface (5) of the groove (12) projecting caterpillar or track (8) is adapted or these cross sections correspond to one another or

- That the cross-section of the caterpillar or web (8) projecting beyond the flat surfaces (5, 7) is slightly smaller than the cross-section of the associated recess (9) or - that the cross-section of a caterpillar or web (8) is the common cross-section of the

Recess (9) and the recess (10) corresponds or is slightly smaller than this.

11. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that - the legs (3, 4) of the groove (12) are of equal length or

- That on the back of the plate (1, 2) formed leg (4) of the groove (12) is slightly shorter than the leg (3) lying on the front of the plate (1, 2).

12. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least one leg (3, 4) of the groove (12), preferably the lower leg (4), when the

Spring (6) is elastically expandable or elastically bendable.

13. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the caterpillar (s) or web (s) (8) with the (n) associated recess (s) (9) in the spring (6) and / or can be locked in the groove (12) and the caterpillar (s) or web (s) (8) and the

The recess (s) (9) interact as locking elements.

14. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the plate (1, 2) made of wood, wood-based material, MDF, HDF, plastic, recycled plastic, with synthetic resin or bonded chips (chipboard) and optionally on their front or usage surface and / or on their back with at least one support (13, 14), for example a decorative pad, in particular made of plastic, is provided.

15. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that

- That the groove (12) and the spring (6) are formed from the material of the plate (1, 2) or are milled out of this, or

- That the spring (6) is formed in one piece with the material of the plate (1, 2).

16. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that in the region of the upper or use surfaces (18) of two interconnected plates (1, 2) the end face regions abut one another and optionally in the region of the Back (14) of the interconnected plates (1, 2) between the end faces (17) a gap (15) is formed.

17. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the caterpillar or web (8) and / or the recess (9) and / or the recess (10) in cross-section semi-circular, lenticular, elliptical or elongated rectangular shape have, and / or that the transitions from the flat surfaces (5, 7) to the recesses (9) and / or to the recesses (10) are rounded or chamfered.

18. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the caterpillar or track (8) applied in a recess (9) over the respective spring surface (7) or the respective wall surface (5) of the groove (12) protrudes or protrudes from these surfaces and the protruding part of the caterpillar or web (8) acts as a locking or locking element and / or as an adhesive element.

19. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that in the case of locked plates the cross section of the bead or web (8), in particular an adhesive bead, and the cross section of the recess (9) would overlap, so that wall regions of the recess ( 9) must be in contact with the caterpillar or track (8).

20. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the caterpillar or track (8) approximately in the center on the spring surface (7) or on the wall (5) of the groove (12) or the leg (3 , 5) and / or at a distance from the end face (17) of the plate (1, 2).

21. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the adhesive of an applied bead or web (8) is deformable, in particular deformable under the action of water and / or moisture and or constant pressure and adheres to the

Adapts the cross-sectional shape of the recess (9) and / or the cross-sectional shape of the recess (10), in particular when its adhesive effect is simultaneously developed.

22. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that the width (B) of the caterpillar or web (8) is two to nine times, preferably two to seven times, in particular three to seven times, as large as their Height (H).

23. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that the width (B) of the caterpillar or web (8) 5 to 25%, preferably 9 to 21%, in particular 12 to 17% of the thickness (D) Groove (12) corresponds.

24. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that the center of the caterpillar or web (8) and the recess (9) and optionally the recess (10) at substantially the same distance or in the same distance range from the Face (17) or the surface (18) of the plate (1, 2).

25. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that the caterpillar or web (8) rises above the level of the wall surface (5) of the groove (12) or above the level of the spring surface (7) protrudes from these flat surfaces (5, 7) and has a rounded cross-sectional contour or outer surfaces or flanks.

26. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the caterpillar or track (8) in the recess (10) and / or on the surfaces (5) of the groove (12) and / or the spring surfaces (7 ) firmly attached.

27. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the caterpillar or web (8) has a hardness or toughness or viscosity that it a

Inserting the tongue (6) into the groove (12) or widening the groove (12) when inserting the tongue (6) or sliding over the free end of the tongue (6) with no significant permanent change in shape and after inserting the Spring (6) acts as a locking element to prevent the spring (6) from escaping from the groove (12), if necessary until the caterpillar (8) designed as an adhesive bead

Adhesive effect occurs.

28. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the adhesive bead or web (8) comprises an adhesive-latent adhesive material, preferably a water-emulsifiable polymer adhesive, wherein the adhesive material by

Moistening with water in the ready-to-stick or adhesive state is convertible.

29. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the water or water (re) activatable adhesive material of the adhesive bead or web (8) or a bead of plastic, with a substantially uniform

Layer thickness from 0.1 to 0.6 mm, in particular from 0.2 to 0.5 mm, with thickness tolerances in the range of ± 0.05 to 0.1 mm, is applied.

30. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the adhesive of the adhesive bead or web (8) from a rapid binder or assembly glue based on polyvinyl acetate, such as Doms MDO 55 from Henkel, or from one commercially available wood glue, e.g. based on starch and / or protein.

31. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the in front of the caterpillar or track (8) or the recess (9) towards the free end of the spring (6) located region of the spring (6) in the form of a Rounding or beveling (24) is formed, which optionally directly adjoins the caterpillar or track (8) or the recess (9).

32. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that an elongated, strip-shaped component is provided as the spring (6 '), which on its two opposite narrow sides or in these edge areas according to the type in the description and in the claims 1 to 31 described springs (6) or in these two areas on at least one spring surface (7 ¹ ) at least one longitudinal caterpillar (8) running parallel to the longitudinal extent of the component and / or at least one longitudinal caterpillar or parallel to the longitudinal extent of the component has a recess (9), in at least one leg (3, 4) of the grooves (12) formed in each of the plates (1, 2) and adapted in terms of shape and positionally assigned adhesive beads (8) and / or recesses (9) are trained.

33. Plate according to claim 32, characterized in that the strip-shaped component is formed symmetrically at least with respect to one of its longitudinal center planes, preferably with respect to the center plane perpendicular to its surface or to the plate plane.

34. Plate according to one of claims 32 to 34, characterized in that the component or this foreign spring is factory-fitted in a groove (12) in a longitudinal side and optionally in a groove (12) of a narrow side of a plate (1, 2) ,

35. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 35, characterized in that the near-surface leg (3) of the groove (12) is stronger or thicker and / or less elastically bendable than the lower leg (4) and / or that

Recesses (9) and / or caterpillars (8) are formed only on the downwardly directed spring surface (7) and on the wall surface (5) of the lower leg (4) of the groove (12).

, ae nac e nem er nspr ces, a urc ge ennze c ne, ass eu 2 and the spring (6) are perpendicular to the surface of the plate (1, 2) and at least one on at least one by a movement perpendicular to the plane of the plate Spring surface (7) and / or at least one wall surface (5) of the groove (12) formed recess (9) and / or bead (8) with at least one on at least one wall surface (5) of the groove (12) and / or at least one Spring surface (7) trained caterpillar (8) can be locked and / or glued.

37. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that the outer leg (4) of the groove (12) of a plate (1, 2) running perpendicular to the plate surface into a plate (1, 2) to be connected between the spring (6) of a plate ( 2, 1) and its plate body (31) formed groove (12 ') can be inserted by a movement perpendicular to the plate surface, at least one on at least one spring surface (7) and / or at least one wall surface (5) of the groove (12) formed recess (9) and / or caterpillar (8) with at least one caterpillar (8) and / or recess (9) formed on at least one wall surface (5) of the groove (12) and / or at least one spring surface (7) and / or can be glued.

38. Plate according to claim 36 or 37, characterized in that on a plate (1, 2) at least along a long side and optionally along a narrow side an upwardly open groove (12) and along a long side and optionally along a narrow side one down outgoing spring (6) is formed, preferably milled.

39. Plate according to one of claims 1 to 38, characterized in that the at least one caterpillar extends parallel to or along the edge or end face (17) or in the longitudinal direction of the plate (1, 2).

40. cladding panel for floors, walls or ceilings, which is preferably made of wood, wood-based material, MDF, HDF, plastic, recycled plastic, with synthetic resin or bound chips (chipboard), in particular according to one of the

Claims 1 to 39, which cladding panels along at least one edge or

End face (17) has a groove (12) and along at least one other edge or end face

(17) has a tongue (6), - the cross sections of the tongue (6) and the groove (12) being matched to one another and plates (1, 2) to be connected to one another by inserting the tongue (6) into the groove

(12) in the course of an essentially in the plate plane or essentially perpendicular to the a ene en o o en en sc e ens un o he m uge of pivoting, and

- Wherein at least one projection is formed on the springs (6) and / or grooves (7) which cooperates with a recess (9) for locking mutually adjoining cladding panels, which recess in the grooves (7) and / or springs (6) is formed, characterized,

- That on at least one wall surface (5) of the groove (12) or on its legs (3, 4) and / or on at least one spring surface (7) as a projection at least one parallel to or along this edge or end surface (17th ) or in the longitudinal direction of the

Cladding panel extending, in particular factory-applied, bead or web (8) made of adhesive and / or plastic is applied or attached, and

- That on the spring (6) in the wall surface provided with the caterpillar or track (8)

(5) the tongue (12) facing the spring surface (7) and / or in the groove (12) or in its legs (3, 4) facing the tongue surface provided with the caterpillar or track (8) (7) Wall surface (5) at least one recess (9) for at least partially receiving, in particular for receiving the entire, caterpillar or web (8) in the assembled state of two adjacent plates (1, 2) is formed.

41. Cladding panel according to one of claims 1 to 40, characterized in that the groove (12) and the spring (6) have curved spring surfaces and curved groove side surfaces.

42. Cladding panel according to one of claims 1 to 41, characterized in that the spring surfaces and the groove surfaces are each curved in the same direction or have radii of curvature pointing to the same side of the cladding panel.

43. Cladding panel according to one of claims 1 to 42, characterized in

- That the two curved spring surfaces and the two curved groove side surfaces each run parallel to each other and / or

- That the spring surfaces and the groove surfaces run parallel to each other.

44. Cladding panel according to one of claims 1 to 43, characterized in that the tongue (6) and the groove (7) have constant thickness over their course or that the groove (7) in the direction of the groove base and the tongue (6) in Direction to that

Spring thickness decreasing thickness. Cladding panel according to one of claims 1 to 44, characterized in that the caterpillars and / or tracks (8) on the tongue (6) and / or in the groove (12) lie directly opposite one another.