EP1530664B1 - Dispositif de nettoyage immerge - Google Patents

Dispositif de nettoyage immerge Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1530664B1
EP1530664B1 EP04737357A EP04737357A EP1530664B1 EP 1530664 B1 EP1530664 B1 EP 1530664B1 EP 04737357 A EP04737357 A EP 04737357A EP 04737357 A EP04737357 A EP 04737357A EP 1530664 B1 EP1530664 B1 EP 1530664B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
suction
water jet
nozzle
jet nozzle
underwater cleaner
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04737357A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1530664A1 (fr
Inventor
Andrés FRÄNKEL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Battery Pool Cleaner GmbH NFG KG
Original Assignee
Battery Pool Cleaner GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Battery Pool Cleaner GmbH filed Critical Battery Pool Cleaner GmbH
Priority to AT04737357T priority Critical patent/ATE340293T1/de
Publication of EP1530664A1 publication Critical patent/EP1530664A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1530664B1 publication Critical patent/EP1530664B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H4/00—Swimming or splash baths or pools
    • E04H4/14—Parts, details or accessories not otherwise provided for
    • E04H4/16—Parts, details or accessories not otherwise provided for specially adapted for cleaning
    • E04H4/1618—Hand-held powered cleaners
    • E04H4/1636—Suction cleaners

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an underwater cleaner, in particular for a swimming pool, with a suction nozzle housing with a suction nozzle communicating with a suction nozzle and a Sauggabe defining suction mouth, from the suction chamber emanates an outlet channel, to which a filter device is connected, with an opening into the suction water jet nozzle, via which water under pressure in the suction chamber is fed so that under the principle of the water jet pump in the suction chamber, a negative pressure, wherein the water jet nozzle opens in the suction nozzle in the suction chamber, and wherein the distance between the water jet nozzle and the Saugroe is less than that smallest inner width of the outlet channel.
  • swimming pool vacuum cleaner for cleaning swimming pools.
  • Such devices are disclosed, for example, by US 5,317,776 A, US 5,842,243 A, US 6,119,293 A or US 6,473,927 B1.
  • the disadvantage is that these known pool vacuum cleaners are relatively bulky, require a certain lead time and / or are cumbersome to handle.
  • the US 5,450,644 A shows a battery-powered underwater cleaner, which sucks water via a pump through a suction nozzle and a filter.
  • the designed as a radial pump pump is arranged between the suction nozzle and filter.
  • the US 4,962,559 A describes a wireless swimming pool vacuum cleaner, in which sucked through a pump through the suction nozzle and a filter water and fed back to the swimming pool.
  • the filter is arranged between the suction nozzle and the pump.
  • suction pumps suction, wireless underwater cleaners have the disadvantage of low suction, so that massive contaminants, such as sand, soil, pebbles can be sucked only insufficient.
  • Pool vacuum cleaners with a higher suction capacity are not suitable for cleaning even hard-to-reach areas such as steps or corners of a swimming pool.
  • FR 2 715 960 A1 discloses an underwater cleaner for a swimming pool, wherein a water jet nozzle opens into a suction space.
  • the mouth of the water jet nozzle is arranged relatively far from the sowing level. Massive impurities can not or only with difficulty be removed with this underwater vacuum cleaner.
  • DE 950 964 C describes an underwater vacuum cleaner, which has a water jet nozzle opening into a suction chamber and which includes all features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • the water flowing through the filter is returned to the suction chamber via the water jet nozzle, the water jet nozzle being directed against the floor.
  • dirt particles can be released by the water jet nozzle directed towards the bottom, there is a risk that they will be moved back into the swimming pool through the suction mouth, so that the pool can not be re-contaminated.
  • a battery-powered pool vacuum cleaner in which water is drawn in together with contaminants by means of a suction nozzle and conveyed into a filter according to the principle of the water jet pump. Since the water jet nozzle opens into the suction chamber at a relatively large distance from the suction nozzle, massier dirt particles can not or only with difficulty be removed.
  • the water jet nozzle is supplied by a submersible pump, which removes water at the highest point of the suction chamber via a sieve. This has the disadvantage that when starting the pool vacuum cleaner submersible pump relatively long promotes only air, because, the suction chamber is previously flooded manually. In any case, commissioning is difficult.
  • the minimum depth of use is determined by the relatively large distance between the intake opening of the submersible pump and the surface to be cleaned. By sucking the water from the suction chamber there is a risk that particles clog the screen very quickly.
  • a suction nozzle for a pool vacuum cleaner is known, is sucked in the polluted water according to the principle of water jet or Venturi pump.
  • a water hose of an external water pressure source can be connected to the suction nozzle. Due to the water flowing into the suction chamber via the water jet nozzle, a negative pressure is created in the suction chamber, so that polluted water is sucked in via the suction nozzle.
  • the disadvantage is that even with this suction nozzle only relatively light and low-mass soiling can be removed.
  • a swimming pool cleaner which has a manifold for pressurized supplied water, from which branches off a number of Fegeschläuchen over which contaminants are fluidized.
  • From the manifold lead further jet nozzles in the designed as Venturi chamber suction chamber of the pool cleaner, the jet nozzles are arranged distributed around the circumference of the suction nozzle.
  • water jet principle water is sucked in from the area of the bottom of the swimming pool and led to a filter. Since the jet nozzles in Lead away substantially from the sowing level at an angle of about 90 °, with this no impurities on the pool floor can be torn away. This function must be taken over by the hoses.
  • This pool cleaner is complex, voluminous and relatively unwieldy in the application. In addition, a high water flow rate and thus a pump with high flow rate is needed.
  • FR 2 667 099 A1 discloses a pool vacuum cleaner, wherein two water jet nozzles open tangentially in a suction chamber and generate a swirl flow.
  • the water jet nozzles are directed to the sowing level, wherein the fluid line of the water jet nozzles with the sow level an angle ⁇ 0 ° span.
  • the flow rate through the water jet principle is relatively low due to the flow-unfavorable arrangement.
  • the water jet nozzles the dirt is whirled up, so that a back pollution of the swimming pool by stray dirt particles can not be excluded.
  • Another disadvantage is that two water jet nozzles are required, whereby a pump with a relatively high flow rate must be provided.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid these disadvantages and to increase the cleaning performance for underwater cleaner of the type mentioned in the simplest possible way.
  • the underwater cleaner should be as small as possible and handy to allow easy cleaning of steps or corners in a swimming pool.
  • this is achieved in that the water jet nozzle is directed away from the sowing level and that a fluid line of the water jet nozzle in the region of the mouth into the suction chamber with the sowing level an angle> 0 ° and ⁇ 45 °, includes.
  • the distance between the water jet nozzle and the suction level corresponds to a maximum of two-thirds of the smallest inner width, preferably at most half the smallest inner width of the outlet channel.
  • the distance between the water jet nozzle and the suction level is less than half the maximum height of the suction chamber.
  • the distance between the water jet nozzle and the sowing level is a maximum of 7 cm, preferably a maximum of 2.5 cm to 3 cm.
  • the water jet opens as close as possible to the suction level in the suction chamber. This causes the dirt particles directly from the water jet be flowed and torn away in the direction of the outlet channel, so that even massive dirt particles, which could not be removed by the mere suction alone, can be solved from the bottom of the swimming pool and transported into the filter. The removal of impurities thus takes place by a combination of suction and pressure effect of the water jet.
  • the water jet nozzle opens on a side opposite the outlet channel side into the suction chamber, wherein it is preferably provided that the water jet nozzle is directed into the outlet channel, with particular preferably the fluid line with the axis of the outlet channel an angle smaller than 180 ° , preferably between 150 ° and 170 °.
  • a particularly good suction power can be achieved when the axis of the outlet channel to the sowing level by an angle between 0 ° and 45 °, preferably between 10 ° and 15 °, is inclined.
  • the inner width of the suction nozzle is preferably slightly smaller than the width of the outlet channel. As a result, high flow speeds can be achieved in the area of the suction nozzle, which supports the cleaning effect.
  • the angle between the fluid line of the water jet nozzle and the suction level is preferably ⁇ 25 °, particularly preferably ⁇ 15 °.
  • a water hose connected to an external pressure source can be connected to the water jet nozzle.
  • this does not always have the desired side effect that additional water is supplied to the pool and the volume of water in the pool rises.
  • This side effect can be avoided if the underwater cleaner has an integrated, preferably battery-operated submersible pump whose discharge nozzle is fluidly connected to the water jet nozzle.
  • the suction opening of the submersible pump is arranged outside the suction space, preferably outside the suction nozzle housing, and is hydraulically separated from the suction space.
  • the suction opening is arranged in the region of the suction level, wherein preferably the distance between the suction opening and the suction level is less than the maximum height, particularly preferably less than half the maximum height of the suction space. Due to this relatively low installation position of the suction opening of the underwater cleaner can be used even at low water levels. Since the submersible pump water not directly from the suction chamber, but outside of the suction takes directly from the pool, the commissioning of the underwater cleaner is straightforward, because on the suction side of the submersible pump air-filled spaces are avoided.
  • the outlet channel and the filter device is arranged on the user-facing side actuation of the suction nozzle housing.
  • the filter device and the outlet channel are arranged on the actuation side, on the side opposite the actuation side, the free view of contamination obstructing projections are avoided, so that the user can perform the underwater cleaner very precisely on the dirt to be removed on the operating rod.
  • the suction nozzle is at least partially framed on its suction side facing the suction-absorbing body of the suction mouth forming rubber lips or brushes.
  • the rubber lips or the brushes compensate for unevenness in the swimming pool floor, so that the full suction effect is guaranteed even for depressions, elevations or roughness of swimming pool floors.
  • the submersible pump is connected via a preferably designed as a spiral channel power cable with a battery case.
  • the battery case can preferably be connected via a rubber strap releasably connected to an actuating rod.
  • the submersible pump and / or the battery housing is integrated in the suction nozzle housing.
  • the underwater cleaner 1 has a suction nozzle housing 3 forming a suction nozzle 2, which comprises a suction chamber 4. From the suction chamber 4 assumes an outlet channel 5, to which a filter device 6 is connected.
  • the underwater cleaner 1 works on the water jet pump principle.
  • the pressure source is a submersible pump 10 which is integrated in the suction nozzle housing 3 and whose discharge nozzle 9 is flow-connected to the water jet nozzle 7 via a connecting line 8.
  • the suction opening 11 of the submersible pump 10 is located outside the suction nozzle housing 3 in the bottom area of the underwater cleaner 1 near the suction level 16 defined by the suction mouth 19, wherein a sieve 12 is provided in the area of the suction opening 11 is arranged to prevent coarse contamination.
  • the distance between the suction port 11 and the sowing level 16 of the underwater cleaner 1 is substantially less than the maximum height H of the suction chamber 4.
  • a sharp jet of water is supplied to the suction chamber 4, which generates a negative pressure in the suction chamber 4, sucked through the suction nozzle 2 contaminated water and finally into the filter device. 6 is transported. The water passes through the filter device 6 and is then returned to the swimming pool.
  • the water jet nozzle 7 is arranged as close as possible to the suction level 16.
  • the distance h between the mouth of the water jet nozzle 7 and the sowing level 16 is less than half the internal width b of the outlet channel 5 and, for example, less than 7 cm, preferably less than 3 cm is. This ensures that even more massive impurities, such as smaller and medium pebbles 14 can be removed from the body to be cleaned 15, for example, from the bottom of a swimming pool, since the pebbles 14 are torn away from the water jet and pressed in the direction of the outlet channel 5.
  • the effect of the underwater cleaner 1 is thus based on a combination of suction and pressure effect according to the inflowing into the suction chamber 4 water jet, which is indicated by the arrow S in Fig. 2.
  • the best suction effect is achieved when in operation the sowing level 16 coincides with the level of the body 15 to be cleaned.
  • the water jet nozzle 7 In the mouth region in the suction chamber 4, the water jet nozzle 7 should be inclined slightly upwards in the direction of the outlet channel 5 in order to allow a particularly rapid removal of the contaminants into the filter device 6. If the angle ⁇ , in the bottom region of the Saugdüsengephases 3 on the other hand, spanned by the center line 7 'in the mouth region of the water jet nozzle 7 in the suction chamber 4 on the one hand and with the body 15 to be cleaned during operation of the underwater cleaner 1 approximately parallel trained Saubiee 16, at most 45 °, preferably at most 25 °, particularly preferably at most 15 °, so that the direction indicated by the arrow S in Fig. 2 water jet flows in the direction of the outlet channel 5, a rapid removal of impurities in the filter device 6 is made possible.
  • the suction nozzle 2 In order to increase the suction effect of the suction nozzle 2, the suction nozzle 2 is surrounded by the suction mouth 19 forming rubber lips or brush 17. As a result, an excellent suction effect can be achieved even with an uneven body 15.
  • the underwater cleaner 1 can be guided over the swimming pool floor 15 via an actuating rod 18 which is attached to the suction nozzle housing 3 at a rigid angle, for example telescopically extendable. Since the filter device 6 is arranged on the user-facing actuator side A, the user has a clear view of lying in the direction of the underwater cleaner 1 still to be cleaned body 15 and thus can quickly detect impurities to be sucked and the underwater cleaner 1, for example, in otherwise difficult to reach corners or in the area of steps of a swimming pool.
  • Figures 4 to 6 show a second embodiment, in which the outlet opening 11 of the submersible pump 10 is higher than that of the discharge nozzle 9 is arranged in a lateral region of the underwater cleaner 1.
  • the submersible pump 10 is attached via mounting brackets 20 on the suction nozzle housing 3. This allows a very cost-effective production.
  • the outlet opening 11 remote from the suction level 16 has the advantage that relatively pure water flows through the dew pump 10 and laying of the screen 12 is hardly to be expected.
  • the submersible pump 10 is connected to the battery housing 13 via a cable 21 designed as a spiral channel.
  • the battery case 13 is detachably attached to the actuating rod 18 via rubber bands (not shown).
  • the connector 22 of the cable 21 on the battery case 13 is secured against unintentional loosening.
  • FIGS. 7 to 9 show a further embodiment of an underwater cleaner, wherein the submersible pump 10 and the battery housing 13 are integrated into the suction nozzle housing 3.
  • Reference numeral 23 denotes a terminal for a charging connector for the battery.
  • the electrical Anatician 23 is, for example, by a screwed cap over the surrounding water sealed.
  • Reference numeral 24 denotes a sealing area in which electrical parts such as battery case 13, lines and electrical terminal 23 are sealed against water.
  • the underwater cleaner 1 can be switched on via switch, water sensor or magnetic switch.
  • the underwater cleaner 1 may still have a special covering, for example an animal form.
  • the combined suction and pressure principle applied to the underwater cleaner 1 for releasing and removing the contaminants makes it possible to dimension the submersible pump 10 to be very small and to design the underwater cleaner 1 very compactly and easily.
  • the water jet nozzle 7 via the connecting line 8 instead of the submersible pump 10 with an external source of water pressure, for example, connected to a water pipe hose connected.
  • an external source of water pressure for example, connected to a water pipe hose connected.
  • additional water is introduced into the swimming pool, which is not always desirable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Electric Vacuum Cleaners (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) notamment pour piscine comportant un boîtier de buse d'aspiration (3) équipé d'une buse d'aspiration (2) communiquant avec une chambre d'aspiration (4) et un orifice d'aspiration (19) définissant un plan d'aspiration (16),
    un canal de sortie (5) partant de la chambre d'aspiration (4) et auquel est raccordée une installation de filtrage (6),
    une buse à jet d'eau (7) débouchant dans la chambre d'aspiration (4) et introduisant l'eau sous pression dans la chambre d'aspiration (4) en créant une dépression, selon le principe de la pompe à jet d'eau,
    la buse à jet d'eau (7) débouchant au niveau de la buse d'aspiration (2) dans la chambre d'aspiration (4), et
    la distance (h) entre la buse à jet d'eau (7) et le plan d'aspiration (16) est inférieure à la plus petite largeur interne (b) du canal de sortie (5),
    caractérisé en ce que
    la buse à jet d'eau (7) est dirigée de façon à s'écarter du plan d'aspiration (16) et l'axe de l'écoulement (7') de la buse à jet d'eau (7) au niveau de l'embouchure dans la chambre d'aspiration (4) fait un angle (α) avec le plan d'aspiration (16) tel que 0° < (α) ≤ 45°.
  2. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la distance (h) entre la buse à jet d'eau (7) et le plan d'aspiration (16) correspond au maximum à 2/3 de la plus petite largeur intérieure (b) de préférence au maximum à la moitié de la plus petite largeur intérieure (b) du canal de sortie (5).
  3. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la distance (h) entre la buse à jet d'eau (7) et le plan d'aspiration (16) est inférieure à la mi-hauteur maximale (H) de la chambre d'aspiration (4).
  4. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la distance (h) entre la buse à jet d'eau (7) et le plan d'aspiration (16) correspond au maximum à 7 cm et de préférence au maximum à 3 cm et en particulier au maximum à 2,5 cm.
  5. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'angle (α) entre l'axe de l'écoulement (7') de la buse à jet d'eau (7) et le plan d'aspiration (16) est de préférence ≤ à 25° et notamment ≤ 15°.
  6. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    un tuyau d'eau relié à une source de pression externe est relié à la buse à jet d'eau (7).
  7. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, comportant une pompe immergée (10) intégrée de préférence à une pompe alimentée par batterie et dont l'ajutage de refoulement (9) est relié par une conduite de liaison (8) à la buse à jet d'eau (7),
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'orifice d'aspiration (11) de la pompe immergée (10) est prévu à l'extérieur de la chambre d'aspiration (4) de préférence à l'extérieur du boîtier de la buse d'aspiration (3) et est séparé hydrauliquement de la chambre d'aspiration (4).
  8. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'orifice d'aspiration (11) est prévu au niveau du plan d'aspiration (16) et de préférence la distance (a) entre l'orifice d'aspiration (11) et le plan d'aspiration (16) est inférieure à la hauteur maximale (H) notamment de préférence inférieure à la moitié de la hauteur maximale (h) de la chambre d'aspiration (4).
  9. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, comportant une tige d'actionnement (18) reliée au boîtier de la buse d'aspiration (3) et inclinée par rapport au côté d'actionnement (A),
    caractérisé en ce que
    le canal de sortie (5) et l'installation de filtre (6) sont prévus sur le côté d'actionnement (A) du boîtier de buse d'aspiration (3) tourné vers l'utilisateur.
  10. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la buse d'aspiration (2) comporte un côté d'aspiration tourné vers le corps à aspirer (15) et entouré au moins en partie par des lèvres en caoutchouc ou des brosses (17) formant l'embouchure d'aspiration (19).
  11. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la buse d'aspiration (2) a une largeur intérieure (B) inférieure à la largeur (b) du canal de sortie (5).
  12. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la pompe immergée (10) est reliée à un boîtier de batterie (13) par un câble électrique notamment sous forme de canal en spirale.
  13. Dispositif de nettoyage (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le boîtier de batterie (13) est fixé de manière amovible à la tige d'actionnement (18) de préférence par un ruban en caoutchouc.
  14. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'axe (5') du canal de sortie (5) fait par rapport au plan d'aspiration (16) un angle (β) compris entre 0° et 45° et de préférence incliné entre 10° et 15°.
  15. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la buse à jet d'eau (7) débouche dans la chambre d'aspiration (4) par le côté opposé au canal de sortie (5).
  16. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la buse à jet d'eau (7) est dirigée dans le canal de sortie (5) et de préférence l'axe d'écoulement (7') fait avec l'axe (5') du canal de sortie (5) un angle (γ) inférieur à 180° et de préférence compris entre 150° et 170°.
  17. Dispositif de nettoyage subaquatique (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 16,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la pompe immergée (10) et/ou le boîtier à batterie (13) sont intégrés dans le boîtier de la buse d'aspiration (3).
EP04737357A 2003-08-21 2004-06-29 Dispositif de nettoyage immerge Expired - Lifetime EP1530664B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT04737357T ATE340293T1 (de) 2003-08-21 2004-06-29 Unterwasserreiniger

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT5822003 2003-08-21
AT5822003U 2003-08-21
PCT/AT2004/000226 WO2005021896A1 (fr) 2003-08-21 2004-06-29 Dispositif de nettoyage immerge

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1530664A1 EP1530664A1 (fr) 2005-05-18
EP1530664B1 true EP1530664B1 (fr) 2006-09-20

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04737357A Expired - Lifetime EP1530664B1 (fr) 2003-08-21 2004-06-29 Dispositif de nettoyage immerge

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20060254004A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1530664B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE340293T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502004001526D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2005021896A1 (fr)

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US5450644A (en) 1994-03-14 1995-09-19 Berman; Ken Self-contained submersible debris cleaner
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ES2221276T3 (es) * 1998-09-23 2004-12-16 3S Systemtechnik Ag Aparato de limpieza de piscinas.
AU139884S (en) * 1999-06-07 2000-02-22 Pool Systems Pty Ltd A pool vaccum head
US6502269B1 (en) * 1999-10-14 2003-01-07 John A. Balchan Electric powered portable pool cleaner

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EP1530664A1 (fr) 2005-05-18
ATE340293T1 (de) 2006-10-15
DE502004001526D1 (de) 2006-11-02
WO2005021896A1 (fr) 2005-03-10
US20060254004A1 (en) 2006-11-16

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