EP1521887B1 - Building block - Google Patents

Building block Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1521887B1
EP1521887B1 EP03737757A EP03737757A EP1521887B1 EP 1521887 B1 EP1521887 B1 EP 1521887B1 EP 03737757 A EP03737757 A EP 03737757A EP 03737757 A EP03737757 A EP 03737757A EP 1521887 B1 EP1521887 B1 EP 1521887B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
construction
construction element
elements
groove
binder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03737757A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1521887A1 (en
Inventor
Agostino Di Trapani
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1521887A1 publication Critical patent/EP1521887A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1521887B1 publication Critical patent/EP1521887B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/20—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by filling material with or without reinforcements in small channels in, or in grooves between, the elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/16—Tools or apparatus
    • E04G21/162—Handles to carry construction blocks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0228—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues next to each other on one end surface and grooves next to each other on opposite end surface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a construction element for the construction of a wall, which element comprises an upper side, a lower side and lateral sides, said building element comprising at least one groove provided for measuring by means of a binder necessary to the assembly of the building elements together, said groove extends on the upper side of the building element, said building element also comprising at least one protuberance which extends on the lower side of the building element , the groove being arranged to be in correspondence with the protuberance to allow the assembly of two similar construction elements, said groove is associated with a wall or load-bearing partition of the construction element and is disposed at a distance from the edge side exterior of the building element that is sufficient to prevent overflow t binder beyond the edge of the element during assembly.
  • the part of the hollow wall that is located towards the outside of the building is generally made of bricks (small elements), and it is often called "facing wall”.
  • the part of the hollow wall that is located towards the interior of the building is generally made of blocks (large elements), and it is often called "bearing wall”.
  • the patent FR-E-73363 describes such a construction element.
  • the presence of the protrusion and grooves not only allows the binder to be introduced into the groove, but also facilitates the construction by placing the protuberance in the groove.
  • the disposition of the flutes and protuberances at a distance from the lateral outer edge of the wall makes it possible to prevent binder overflow beyond the edge. A quantity of completion can thus be obtained.
  • the document GB 204.263 A describes a dry stacking masonry system which requires that the building elements have no dimensional tolerances. In addition, no adjustment of the elements is possible.
  • the elements described in this document have classical proportions (height / length ⁇ 1) and comprise ribs and grooves which serve only for their positioning and blocking. In addition, the elements are in direct contact with one another.
  • a disadvantage of the building elements according to the patent FR-E-73363 is that they require fairly strict dimensional tolerances and only allow the adjustment of the alignment during the assembly of the building elements. The adjustment of the verticality is made by the plumb of the inner facing.
  • the document FR-A-1,271,506 describes building blocks of conventional dimensions which have grooves whose cumulative width is close to the width of the block.
  • the cumulative width of the grooves is significantly greater than the cumulative width of the load-bearing partitions. There are no grooves above the walls, which are therefore not load bearing.
  • a disadvantage of the blocks described is that for the assembly of such blocks the amount of binder used is conventional.
  • Another disadvantage is that the shape of the furrow ribs on the lower part of the block being designed to easily sink into the binder (P & P 'on the Fig. 1 ), it results in almost zero buoyancy of the block and therefore virtually no possible adjustment of the height or the plumb blocks.
  • the blocks that can be used in the system described in FR-A-1,271,506 must have very small dimensional tolerances or be rectified to ensure horizontal alignment of the elements in the wall.
  • the document FR-A-2,588,900 describes building blocks and their assembly in which there is no automatic binder dosage, and blocks of conventional dimensions used are imperatively without dimensional tolerances.
  • the housing described on the blocks is only used for the reinforcement and for the binder intended for its coating.
  • the document EP 0 651 104 B1 describes blocks of conventional proportions having ribs that bear against the bottom of the grooves (cf. Fig. 4 & Fig. 2 ), thus preventing any adjustment.
  • the amount of human energy required for the construction of a building is particularly important during the construction of the structural work, mainly during the construction of the walls, whether for the handling of building elements or for their assembly to the building. help with mortar.
  • the object of the present invention is to propose construction elements which make it possible to have significant manufacturing tolerances and which also make it possible to adjust the height and the plumbness during assembly.
  • the invention provides a construction element for the construction of a wall, characterized in that the groove and the protuberance are dimensioned so as to allow, during the assembly of two elements, a partial interlocking to form a binder strip between the upper side and the lower side of the elements, the only contact between the two superposed elements then being made via this band to allow adjustment of the alignment, the height and the plumb of the elements to assemble.
  • the dimensions of the groove and the protuberance being such that they allow an adjustment of the elements which will facilitate the correct construction of the wall.
  • the amount of binder to be used is greatly reduced compared to a traditional system of construction, since the binder does not overflow and the masonry is made thin joint.
  • the difference in width between the protuberance and the groove makes it possible to use this difference to allow adjustment of the height and the plumb, allowing the binder to use this difference in width.
  • the fact of forming a binder strip allows the only contact between two superimposed elements and thus the adjustment of the height and the plumb is done via this band.
  • the present invention applies to the technique of the hollow wall as well as simple interior or exterior walls, bearing or non-bearing.
  • a first preferred embodiment of a construction element according to the invention is characterized in that the height of the construction element is dimensioned so that a height-based assembly of building elements forms a height standard under lintels and under masonry masonry, and in that the weight of the building element is less than or equal to 25 kg, and the height of the element is greater than or equal to its length.
  • the construction element of the invention is designed to present the best compromise between its height, length and weight in order to present the best characteristics favoring the speed of assembly.
  • the assembly of the elements of the invention is achieved by bonding using a binder and with thin joints. It is known that to achieve this type of assembly, it is necessary to use elements having very low dimensional tolerances.
  • the present invention thanks to the buoyancy of the element on the binder obtained by the collaboration of the weight of the element, the dimensions and shapes of the grooves and protuberances, and the fluidity of the binder, allows adjustment of the alignment, height and plumb, and therefore the use of building elements whose manufacturing tolerances are relatively large.
  • connection between the walls is by simply gluing, using a binder, a wall against the other and no longer requires crossings of masonry elements.
  • a hammer handle used in the assembly of building elements of the present invention allows the gripping, transporting, placing and adjusting of the building element. In addition, when the latter is suspended from this tool, it is automatically in an ideal vertical position to be placed on the binder.
  • the construction element 1 shown on the Fig. 1 , the Fig. 2 and the Fig.3 is hollow, that is to say that it is preferably pierced horizontally from one side to the other, its two lateral sides thus presenting an opening.
  • the construction element also comprises one or more vertical and / or horizontal internal partitions.
  • a groove 5 is disposed on the upper side 2 above the wall 24 or supporting wall 25 of the construction element 1 and the width of the groove is preferably less than the thickness of the wall 24 or supporting wall 25
  • the groove is disposed sufficiently far from the longitudinal upper rim 8 of the construction element in such a way as to prevent the binder from protruding beyond the outer edge of the elements when assembling the construction elements.
  • the groove is located at a distance of 1.4 cm from the rim. This allows to fully exploit the amount of binder required for assembly while performing a clean and neat work.
  • the element if it is intended for the construction of a non-load bearing wall, can be made with grooves and protuberances that can be offset or partially offset from the walls or partitions of the element and thus extend partially or completely above the opening 7.
  • the construction element according to the invention also comprises a protuberance 6 intended to engage in the groove 5 when two construction elements are arranged one on the other.
  • the protuberance is present on the lower side 3 of the construction element.
  • the groove and the protrusion are dimensioned so as to allow, during assembly a partial interlocking allowing adjustment of the alignment, the height and the plumb of the elements to be assembled.
  • the width of the protuberance is slightly less than the width of the groove.
  • the protrusion 6 and the groove 5 have a substantially trapezoidal cross-section as illustrated in FIG. Fig. 1 .
  • Their side flanks extend substantially parallel to each other and the small base of the trapezium of the protuberance is arranged facing the small base of the trapezium of the groove when they fit together ( Fig. 5 ).
  • Said lateral flanks being arranged so as to leave a first space between them arranged for the release of the binder 17 when placing one element on another.
  • the small bases being arranged in such a way as to leave a second space between them intended to be filled by the binder 17.
  • the depth of the groove 5 and the height of the protuberance 6 of the construction element are substantially equal and proportional to the dimensional tolerance to be caught.
  • the ratio of the weight of the building element on the surface of the small base of the trapezium of the protuberance is inversely proportional to the fluidity of the binder 17.
  • the groove overlaps several walls and / or partitions of the building element.
  • this groove is associated with several walls or load-bearing partitions distributed over the thickness of the block.
  • the assembly of building elements according to the present invention is carried out using a binder which is first deposited on a pallet.
  • the mason presses the pallet flat on the element on which he wants to deposit the binder, then he slips the binder using a spatula in the groove and scrapes the binder using this same spatula, such that the binder does not extend substantially above the upper side 2 of the building element.
  • the stability of the wall, without ever having binder overflow outside the building element, is also ensured and due to the cooperation between the flutes, protuberances and binder. This is due to the fact that the groove is offset from the rim that there is no overflow of the binder. The groove thus serves not only for guiding the protuberances but also the dosage of the binder.
  • the width of said adhesive strip will preferably be close to 90% of the thickness of the wall or bulkhead of the building element. This minimizes the punching effect of the second element on the first and vice versa as explained below.
  • the dimensioning of the assembly formed by the protuberance and the groove can be determined on the basis of the aforesaid properties of the groove and the protuberance.
  • the width of the adhesive strips is determined mainly according to the cohesion of the binder and / or the punching effect. If the cohesion of the binder is greater than that of the material, it is mainly the punching effect which will dictate the width of the adhesive strip which will preferably be equal to 90% of the thickness of the wall or partition.
  • the minimum dimensions of the groove and the rib are determined in such a way that, after partial interlocking and thus sufficient expulsion of a part of the binder, to obtain the bandwidth sought and this knowing that a portion of the binder will be absorbed by the material.
  • Building elements having manufacturing tolerances, their adjustment is desirable for the correct construction of the walls. The importance of this adjustment is related to the importance of these manufacturing tolerances. To get a setting more importantly, it will suffice to proportionally increase the height of the protuberance and the depth of the groove and proportionately reduce the width of the protrusion and the groove, so as to keep the same volume of binder expelled and therefore the same width of band-Aid.
  • the high buoyancy of the construction element on the binder contributes to the alignment, height and plumbness adjustment and thus the possible use of building elements with relatively large manufacturing tolerances.
  • Significant buoyancy results from the collaboration of the fluidity of the binder used in the invention, the weight of the element, the width of the small base of the protuberance and the width of the large base of the groove which are present on the construction element according to the invention.
  • the elements of a first line of masonry and the elements of a second line of masonry superimposed on the first do not touch in any case in the horizontal direction, the only contact in the horizontal direction between these lines is done by the intermediate adhesive tapes constituted by the binder.
  • an advantage of the construction element of the present invention is that it is hollow and has at least one opening 7 on a lateral side 4a, so that the open side can be attached to a lateral side of another similar building element. Since the element is hollow, its weight is reduced, which makes it easier to handle and allows it to be lifted by means of an instrument which is preferably constituted by a handle 13 which also serves as a hammer 16 in order to be able to adjust the pressure. alignment and height of the element as well as its plumb.
  • the handle 13 is illustrated on the Fig. 6a and its use for gripping the element on the Fig. 6b . This tool is profiled so that the bar located under the handle can be slid into the recessed portion 7 of the construction element as shown for example on the Fig. 6b .
  • the construction element according to the present invention can also be full when its weight or format allows it.
  • the Fig. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a solid building element according to the present invention. This preferably comprises a housing 12 provided for receiving a connecting hook which connects the facing wall constructed with these building elements to the load-bearing wall.
  • the building element of the present invention can be made from different compositions depending on the use thereof.
  • the building element may be made of concrete to obtain relatively light elements. This makes it possible to propose elements with dimensions such that their number per unit area is reduced compared with conventional blocks.
  • the weight of the building element is less than or equal to 25 kg and its height is greater than or equal to its length.
  • the present invention also applies to elements of conventional weight and proportions, namely that their weight is less than or equal to 25 kg, and the height may be less than or equal to the length.
  • the height of the building element is preferably a module of the standards of the heights under lintels inside and belt of the walls under ceilings, this avoids any cutting of element and thus allows a considerable time saving during the realization of the masonry.
  • the groove 5 of the construction element is provided with a recess 20 for receiving a single metal frame or overlapped to allow the connection between two frames while minimizing the amount of binder required for coating thereof.
  • the construction element according to the present invention can thus also be used for armed constructions.
  • the construction element of the present invention also includes an alignment mark 9 serving in an assembly with upset joints of said construction element with other elements of similar constructions. In this way, it is very easy to install the construction element to obtain an alternating alignment of the vertical joints of the building elements when making a wall with a pose of these called "with joints annoying".
  • the construction element of the invention may also comprise at least one horizontal and / or vertical false joint 11 ( Fig. 7 ) in the form of a half-dovetail.
  • This configuration of false joints makes it possible to create a tightening of the seal at its ends which thus retains the binder used for grouting.
  • the construction element of the present invention is made of concrete whose preferred composition is as follows for 1 m 3 : Cement: 175 kg Expanded crushed clay 4/8: 600 l Expanded clay crushed 0/4: 700 l Sand 70 kg
  • This type of concrete has the following characteristics: its dry density is 870 kg / m 3 and its compressive strength on cubes with sides of 5 cm is> 4 N / mm 2 .
  • compositions can be used to manufacture the construction element.
  • the goal is to obtain a building element, which is easily manipulated and has sufficient mechanical strength to be used in the construction of a house or for other masonry. It is possible, for example, to add expanded polystyrene beads in the concrete to lighten it or to add gravel to reinforce it. It is also intended to use building elements according to the present invention which may be made of other materials such as terracotta, cellular concrete, etc.
  • the binder used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a binder which hardens very quickly once used. This, at the time of assembly of the elements, penetrates for about 30% of its volume in the material of the building elements.
  • the rapid hardening of this binder is caused by a chemical reaction related to a first transfer of water from the binder to the elements. This results in a wall stability and adhesion between the elements that are very important after a few minutes, which allows for high walls without ever having to wait for the binder has made its decision and therefore without stopping.
  • the bricklayer prepares a binder in a tub which he carefully mixes with water and then he can apply it on a whole row of building elements aligned along a guiding and then laying a row of building elements on top and so on.
  • the binder is thixotropic, it will be enough to remix it a few moments in the tub to fluidify again if necessary.
  • the amount of binder required is about 20 times less than the amount of mortar usually used in traditional building processes.
  • the Fig. 8 and 9 illustrate a fraction of a wall constructed using building elements according to the invention.
  • the fraction of the wall can be constructed either by first assembling several building elements in such a way as to form only one building element or in a single operation during the construction of the building elements.
  • the building element shown on the Fig. 4 is mainly used for abouts because it has a solid side wall, which allows to finish the end of a wall by a closed face.

Abstract

Element and method for the construction of walls, in which the assembly of the elements is carried out with thin joints, the adjustment of the elements remaining easy, with elements which may present substantial manufacturing dimensional tolerances. The administration of the binder necessary for the assembly of the elements is effected by the grading of the binder deposited in a mortise of the construction element. The lifting, handling, placement, and adjustment of the construction element during the assembly of the wall is effected with the aid of a masonry hammer with a handle, which is specific for the element. The height of the elements allows for the avoidance of any cutting needed to meet the shape of a building. The construction of masonry angles and internal walls is carried out by the adhesive bonding of walls to one another and without embedding.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à élément de construction pour la construction d'un mur, lequel élément comprend un côté supérieur, un côté inférieur et des côtés latéraux, ledit élément de construction comprenant au moins une cannelure prévue pour doser par arasement un liant nécessaire à l'assemblage des éléments de construction entre eux, ladite cannelure s'étend sur le côté supérieur de l'élément de construction, ledit élément de construction comprenant également au moins une protubérance qui s'étend sur le coté inférieur de l'élément de construction, la cannelure étant disposée de façon à être en correspondance avec la protubérance pour permettre l'assemblage de deux éléments de construction similaires, ladite cannelure est associée à une paroi ou cloison portante de l'élément de construction et est disposée à une distance du bord extérieur latéral de l'élément de construction qui est suffisante pour empêcher le débordement du liant au-delà du bord de l'élément lors de l'assemblage.The present invention relates to a construction element for the construction of a wall, which element comprises an upper side, a lower side and lateral sides, said building element comprising at least one groove provided for measuring by means of a binder necessary to the assembly of the building elements together, said groove extends on the upper side of the building element, said building element also comprising at least one protuberance which extends on the lower side of the building element , the groove being arranged to be in correspondence with the protuberance to allow the assembly of two similar construction elements, said groove is associated with a wall or load-bearing partition of the construction element and is disposed at a distance from the edge side exterior of the building element that is sufficient to prevent overflow t binder beyond the edge of the element during assembly.

Depuis environ 35 ans, les procédés de construction de maisons individuelles utilisent une technique dite "technique du mur creux". Ce type de mur est composé de deux murs séparés par un espace de quelques centimètres. Les deux murs sont liés entre eux par des crochets.Since about 35 years, the methods of construction of individual houses use a technique called "technique of the hollow wall". This type of wall is composed of two walls separated by a space of a few centimeters. The two walls are linked together by hooks.

La partie du mur creux qui est située vers l'extérieur du bâtiment est généralement réalisée en briques (petits éléments), et elle est souvent appelée "mur de parement".The part of the hollow wall that is located towards the outside of the building is generally made of bricks (small elements), and it is often called "facing wall".

La partie du mur creux qui est située vers l'intérieur du bâtiment est généralement réalisée en blocs (grands éléments), et elle est souvent appelée "mur porteur".The part of the hollow wall that is located towards the interior of the building is generally made of blocks (large elements), and it is often called "bearing wall".

Le brevet FR-E-73363 décrit un tel élément de construction. La présence des protubérance et de cannelures permet non seulement d'introduire le liant dans la cannelure, mais également de faciliter la construction en plaçant la protubérance dans la cannelure. La disposition des cannelures et protubérances à une distance du bord extérieur latéral de la paroi permet d'empêcher un débordement de liant au delà du bord. Une quantité d'achèvement peut ainsi être obtenue.The patent FR-E-73363 describes such a construction element. The presence of the protrusion and grooves not only allows the binder to be introduced into the groove, but also facilitates the construction by placing the protuberance in the groove. The disposition of the flutes and protuberances at a distance from the lateral outer edge of the wall makes it possible to prevent binder overflow beyond the edge. A quantity of completion can thus be obtained.

Le document GB 204.263 A décrit un système de maçonnerie à sec par empilage qui requiert que les éléments de construction ne présentent pas de tolérances dimensionnelles. De plus, aucun réglage des éléments n'est possible.The document GB 204.263 A describes a dry stacking masonry system which requires that the building elements have no dimensional tolerances. In addition, no adjustment of the elements is possible.

Les éléments décrits dans ce document ont des proportions classiques (hauteur/longueur<1) et comportent des nervures et cannelures qui servent uniquement à leur positionnement et à leur blocage. De plus, les éléments sont en contact direct les uns sur les autres.The elements described in this document have classical proportions (height / length <1) and comprise ribs and grooves which serve only for their positioning and blocking. In addition, the elements are in direct contact with one another.

Un désavantage des éléments de construction suivant le brevet FR-E-73363 est qu'ils exigent des tolérances dimensionnelles assez stricte et ne permettent que le réglage de l'alignement lors de l'assemblage des éléments de construction. Le réglage de la verticalité est effectué par l'aplomb du parement intérieur.A disadvantage of the building elements according to the patent FR-E-73363 is that they require fairly strict dimensional tolerances and only allow the adjustment of the alignment during the assembly of the building elements. The adjustment of the verticality is made by the plumb of the inner facing.

Le document FR-A-1 271 506 décrit des blocs de construction de dimensions classiques qui présentent des cannelures dont la largeur cumulée est proche de la largeur du bloc. La largeur cumulée des cannelures est nettement plus grande que la largeur cumulée des cloisons portantes. Il n'y a pas de cannelures au-dessus des parois, qui donc sont non portantes. Un désavantage des blocs décrits est que pour l'assemblage de tels blocs la quantité de liant utilisée est classique. Un autre désavantage est que la forme des nervures en sillon sur la partie inférieure du bloc étant prévue pour s'enfoncer facilement dans le liant (P & P' sur la Fig. 1), il en découle une flottabilité quasi nulle du bloc et donc pratiquement aucun réglage possible de la hauteur ni de l'aplomb des blocs. Les blocs utilisables dans le système décrit dans FR-A-1 271 506 doivent avoir des tolérances dimensionnelles très faibles ou être rectifiés afin d'assurer l'alignement horizontal des éléments dans le mur.The document FR-A-1,271,506 describes building blocks of conventional dimensions which have grooves whose cumulative width is close to the width of the block. The cumulative width of the grooves is significantly greater than the cumulative width of the load-bearing partitions. There are no grooves above the walls, which are therefore not load bearing. A disadvantage of the blocks described is that for the assembly of such blocks the amount of binder used is conventional. Another disadvantage is that the shape of the furrow ribs on the lower part of the block being designed to easily sink into the binder (P & P 'on the Fig. 1 ), it results in almost zero buoyancy of the block and therefore virtually no possible adjustment of the height or the plumb blocks. The blocks that can be used in the system described in FR-A-1,271,506 must have very small dimensional tolerances or be rectified to ensure horizontal alignment of the elements in the wall.

Le document FR-A-2 588 900 décrit des blocs de construction et leur assemblage dans lequel il n'y a pas de dosage automatique du liant, et les blocs de dimensions classiques utilisés sont impérativement sans tolérances dimensionnelles. Le logement décrit sur les blocs ne sert que pour l'armature et pour le liant destiné à son enrobage.The document FR-A-2,588,900 describes building blocks and their assembly in which there is no automatic binder dosage, and blocks of conventional dimensions used are imperatively without dimensional tolerances. The housing described on the blocks is only used for the reinforcement and for the binder intended for its coating.

Le système décrit dans FR-A-2 588 900 , comme les précédents, nécessite de nombreuses pièces spéciales pour les liaisons de murs qui sont d'ailleurs réalisées de manière classique.The system described in FR-A-2,588,900 , like the previous ones, requires many special pieces for the wall connections which are also done in a conventional way.

Le document EP 0 651 104 B1 décrit des blocs de proportions classiques comportant des nervures qui prennent appui au fond des cannelures (cf. Fig. 4 & Fig. 2), empêchant ainsi tout réglage.The document EP 0 651 104 B1 describes blocks of conventional proportions having ribs that bear against the bottom of the grooves (cf. Fig. 4 & Fig. 2 ), thus preventing any adjustment.

Tous les désavantages existants dans les systèmes décrits ci-dessus sont également présents dans le document EP 0 651 104 B1 .All the existing disadvantages in the systems described above are also present in the document EP 0 651 104 B1 .

De plus, tous ces éléments ne sont en aucun cas prévus pour la réalisation de murs creux. En effet, il n'y a rien de prévu pour mettre un crochet qui relie les murs entre eux, puisque le crochet devrait alors se placer dans le joint ou dans la paroi. Seulement le joint n'est pas accessible et les parois sont insuffisamment dimensionnées pour permettre le logement du crochet.In addition, all these elements are in no way intended for the realization of hollow walls. Indeed, there is nothing planned to put a hook that connects the walls between them, since the hook should then be placed in the joint or in the wall. Only the seal is not accessible and the walls are insufficiently sized to allow the housing of the hook.

La quantité d'énergie humaine nécessaire dans la construction d'un bâtiment est particulièrement importante lors de la construction du gros oeuvre, principalement lors de la construction des murs, que ce soit pour la manutention des éléments de construction ou pour leur assemblage à l'aide de mortier.The amount of human energy required for the construction of a building is particularly important during the construction of the structural work, mainly during the construction of the walls, whether for the handling of building elements or for their assembly to the building. help with mortar.

La présente invention a pour but de proposer des éléments de construction qui permettent d'avoir des tolérances de fabrication importantes et qui permettent également un réglage de la hauteur et de l'aplomb lors de l'assemblage..The object of the present invention is to propose construction elements which make it possible to have significant manufacturing tolerances and which also make it possible to adjust the height and the plumbness during assembly.

A cette fin, l'invention prévoit un élément de construction pour la construction d'un mur, caractérisé en ce que la cannelure et la protubérance sont dimensionnées de façon à permettre, lors de l'assemblage de deux éléments, un emboîtement partiel permettant de former une bande de liant entre le côté supérieur et le côté inférieur des éléments, le seul contact entre les deux éléments superposés se faisant alors par l'intermédiaire de cette bande pour permettre un réglage de l'alignement, de la hauteur et de l'aplomb des éléments à assembler.To this end, the invention provides a construction element for the construction of a wall, characterized in that the groove and the protuberance are dimensioned so as to allow, during the assembly of two elements, a partial interlocking to form a binder strip between the upper side and the lower side of the elements, the only contact between the two superposed elements then being made via this band to allow adjustment of the alignment, the height and the plumb of the elements to assemble.

Les dimensions de la cannelure et de la protubérance étant telles qu'elles permettent un réglage des éléments qui facilitera la construction correcte du mur. De plus, la quantité de liant à utiliser est fortement réduite par rapport à un système traditionnel de construction, puisque le liant ne déborde pas et que la maçonnerie est réalisée à joint mince. En effet la différence de largeur entre la protubérance et la cannelure permet justement d'utiliser cette différence pour permettre le réglage de la hauteur et de l'aplomb en permettant au liant d'utiliser cette différence de largeur. Le fait de former une bande de liant permet que le seul contact entre deux éléments superposés et donc le réglage de la hauteur et de l'aplomb se fait par l'intermédiaire de cette bande.The dimensions of the groove and the protuberance being such that they allow an adjustment of the elements which will facilitate the correct construction of the wall. In addition, the amount of binder to be used is greatly reduced compared to a traditional system of construction, since the binder does not overflow and the masonry is made thin joint. Indeed, the difference in width between the protuberance and the groove makes it possible to use this difference to allow adjustment of the height and the plumb, allowing the binder to use this difference in width. The fact of forming a binder strip allows the only contact between two superimposed elements and thus the adjustment of the height and the plumb is done via this band.

La présente invention s'applique à la technique du mur creux ainsi qu'à des murs simples intérieurs ou extérieurs, portants ou non portants.The present invention applies to the technique of the hollow wall as well as simple interior or exterior walls, bearing or non-bearing.

Une première forme de réalisation préférentielle d'un élément de construction suivant l'invention est caractérisée en ce que la hauteur de l'élément de construction est dimensionnée de telle façon à ce qu'un assemblage en hauteur d'éléments de construction forme une hauteur standard sous linteaux intérieurs et sous ceinture de maçonnerie sous plafonds, et en ce que le poids de l'élément de construction est inférieur ou égal à 25 kg, et la hauteur de l'élément est supérieure ou égale à sa longueur.A first preferred embodiment of a construction element according to the invention is characterized in that the height of the construction element is dimensioned so that a height-based assembly of building elements forms a height standard under lintels and under masonry masonry, and in that the weight of the building element is less than or equal to 25 kg, and the height of the element is greater than or equal to its length.

Il est reconnu que plus l'élément de maçonnerie est grand, pour autant qu'il reste relativement léger et facilement manipulable, plus la rapidité d'exécution du mur sera grande.It is recognized that the larger the masonry element, as long as it remains relatively light and easy to handle, the faster the execution of the wall will be.

Il est de même reconnu que le nombre de joints horizontaux est inversement proportionnel à la hauteur de l'élément de construction.It is also recognized that the number of horizontal joints is inversely proportional to the height of the building element.

Il est également reconnu que le nombre de joints verticaux est inversement proportionnel à la longueur de l'élément de construction.It is also recognized that the number of vertical joints is inversely proportional to the length of the construction element.

Les joints horizontaux entre éléments de maçonnerie varieront en épaisseur et ce en fonction des tolérances dimensionnelles de ces éléments.The horizontal joints between masonry elements will vary in thickness and this according to the dimensional tolerances of these elements.

Sachant que le joint vertical ne collabore pas de façon essentielle à la résistance mécanique des murs, l'élément de construction de l'invention est conçu de façon à présenter le meilleur compromis entre sa hauteur, sa longueur et son poids afin de présenter les meilleures caractéristiques favorisant la rapidité d'assemblage.Knowing that the vertical joint does not collaborate in an essential way to the mechanical strength of the walls, the construction element of the invention is designed to present the best compromise between its height, length and weight in order to present the best characteristics favoring the speed of assembly.

L'assemblage des éléments de l'invention est réalisé par collage à l'aide d'un liant et à joints minces. Il est connu que pour réaliser ce type d'assemblage, il faut utiliser des d'éléments ayant de très faibles tolérences dimensionnelles.The assembly of the elements of the invention is achieved by bonding using a binder and with thin joints. It is known that to achieve this type of assembly, it is necessary to use elements having very low dimensional tolerances.

La présente invention, grâce à la flottabilité de l'élément sur le liant obtenue par la collaboration du poids de l'élément, des dimensions et formes des cannelures et protubérances, et de la fluidité du liant, permet un réglage de l'alignement, de la hauteur et de l'aplomb, et donc l'utilisation d'éléments de construction dont les tolérances de fabrications sont relativement grandes.The present invention, thanks to the buoyancy of the element on the binder obtained by the collaboration of the weight of the element, the dimensions and shapes of the grooves and protuberances, and the fluidity of the binder, allows adjustment of the alignment, height and plumb, and therefore the use of building elements whose manufacturing tolerances are relatively large.

La technique de réalisation des angles et des murs de refend en maçonnerie classique nécessite le croisement des éléments de maçonnerie d'un mur avec ceux de l'autre mur afin de solidariser les murs entre-eux. Cette technique requiert un grand savoir-faire et une quantité importante de main-d'oeuvre. De plus, lors de l'utilisation d'éléments de maçonnerie comportant des tenons et mortaises, il est connu et indispensable de prévoir une série de pièces spécifiques pour lier les murs entre eux.The technique of making angles and walls of masonry masonry requires the crossing of the masonry elements of a wall with those of the other wall to secure the walls between them. This technique requires a great deal of know-how and a large amount of manpower. In addition, when using masonry elements with tenons and mortises, it is known and indispensable to provide a series of specific parts to bind the walls together.

Suivant une forme de réalisation préférentielle de l'invention, il est possible d'utiliser une technique de réalisation des angles et des murs de refend hautement simplifiée. En effet, la liaison entre les murs se fait par simple collage, à l'aide d'un liant, d'un mur contre l'autre et ne nécessite plus de croisements des éléments de maçonnerie.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is possible to use a technique of making angles and walls of highly simplified split. Indeed, the connection between the walls is by simply gluing, using a binder, a wall against the other and no longer requires crossings of masonry elements.

Une poignée massette utilisée lors de l'assemblage d'éléments de construction de la présente invention permet la préhension, le transport, la mise en place et le réglage de l'élément de construction. De plus, lorsque ce dernier est suspendu à cet outil, il est automatiquement en position verticale idéale pour être posé sur le liant.A hammer handle used in the assembly of building elements of the present invention allows the gripping, transporting, placing and adjusting of the building element. In addition, when the latter is suspended from this tool, it is automatically in an ideal vertical position to be placed on the binder.

D'autres détails et particularités de l'invention ressortiront de la description donnée ci-après, à titre non limitatif et avec référence aux dessins annexés.

  • La Fig. 1 illustre une vue en perspective d'un mode de réalisation préféré d'un élément de construction selon la présente invention.
  • La Fig. 2 illustre une vue en perspective d'un autre mode de réalisation de l'élément de construction selon la présente invention.
  • La Fig. 3. illustre une vue en perspective d'un troisième mode de réalisation de l'élément de construction selon la présente invention.
  • La Fig. 4 illustre une vue de face d'un élément de construction utilisé pour les abouts.
  • La Fig. 5a illustre une vue de face de la partie supérieure d'un élément de construction de la présente invention.
  • La Fig. 5b illustre l'assemblage de deux éléments selon la présente invention.
  • La Fig. 5c illustre deux éléments de la présente invention après leur assemblage.
  • La Fig. 6a illustre un outil selon la présente invention.
  • La Fig. 6b illustre une utilisation de l'outil de la Fig. 6a.
  • La Fig. 7 illustre un élément de construction plein selon l'invention avec un logement (12) pour un crochet.
  • Les Fig. 8 et 9 illustrent une fraction d'un mur construit à l'aide d'éléments de construction selon l'invention.
Other details and features of the invention will become apparent from the description given below, without limitation and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • The Fig. 1 illustrates a perspective view of a preferred embodiment of a building element according to the present invention.
  • The Fig. 2 illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of the building element according to the present invention.
  • The Fig. 3 . illustrates a perspective view of a third embodiment of the construction element according to the present invention.
  • The Fig. 4 illustrates a front view of a building element used for abouts.
  • The Fig. 5a illustrates a front view of the upper part of a building element of the present invention.
  • The Fig. 5b illustrates the assembly of two elements according to the present invention.
  • The Fig. 5c illustrates two elements of the present invention after their assembly.
  • The Fig. 6a illustrates a tool according to the present invention.
  • The Fig. 6b illustrates a use of the tool of the Fig. 6a .
  • The Fig. 7 illustrates a solid building element according to the invention with a housing (12) for a hook.
  • The Fig. 8 and 9 illustrate a fraction of a wall constructed using building elements according to the invention.

L'élément de construction 1 représenté sur la Fig. 1, la Fig. 2 et la Fig.3 est creux, c'est-à-dire qu'il est, de préférence, percé horizontalement de part en part, ses deux côtés latéraux présentant ainsi une ouverture. Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, l'élément de construction comprend également une ou plusieurs cloisons internes verticales et/ou horizontales.The construction element 1 shown on the Fig. 1 , the Fig. 2 and the Fig.3 is hollow, that is to say that it is preferably pierced horizontally from one side to the other, its two lateral sides thus presenting an opening. In a preferred embodiment, the construction element also comprises one or more vertical and / or horizontal internal partitions.

Une cannelure 5 est disposée sur le côté supérieur 2 au-dessus de la paroi 24 ou cloison portante 25 de l'élément de construction 1 et la largeur de la cannelure est de préférence inférieure à l'épaisseur de la paroi 24 ou cloison portante 25. La cannelure est disposée suffisamment distante du rebord supérieur longitudinal 8 de l'élément de construction de telle façon à éviter que lors de l'assemblage des éléments de construction, que le liant ne déborde au-delà du rebord extérieur des éléments. Par exemple, pour un élément ayant une épaisseur de 14 cm, la cannelure est située à une distance de 1.4 cm du rebord. Cela permet d'exploiter entièrement la quantité de liant nécessaire à l'assemblage tout en réalisant un travail propre et soigné. Dans un mode de construction particulier, l'élément, s'il est destiné à la construction d'un mur non porteur, peut être réalisé avec des cannelures et protubérances pouvant être décalées ou en partie décalées par rapport aux parois ou cloisons de l'élément et donc s'étendre partiellement ou complètement au-dessus de l'ouverture 7.A groove 5 is disposed on the upper side 2 above the wall 24 or supporting wall 25 of the construction element 1 and the width of the groove is preferably less than the thickness of the wall 24 or supporting wall 25 The groove is disposed sufficiently far from the longitudinal upper rim 8 of the construction element in such a way as to prevent the binder from protruding beyond the outer edge of the elements when assembling the construction elements. For example, for an element having a thickness of 14 cm, the groove is located at a distance of 1.4 cm from the rim. This allows to fully exploit the amount of binder required for assembly while performing a clean and neat work. In a particular embodiment, the element, if it is intended for the construction of a non-load bearing wall, can be made with grooves and protuberances that can be offset or partially offset from the walls or partitions of the element and thus extend partially or completely above the opening 7.

L'élément de construction suivant l'invention comporte également une protubérance 6 destinée à s'engager dans la cannelure 5 lorsque deux éléments de construction sont disposés l'un sur l'autre. La protubérance est présente sur le côté inférieur 3 de l'élément de construction. La cannelure et la protubérance sont dimensionnées de façon à permettre, lors de l'assemblage un emboîtement partiel permettant un réglage de l'alignement, de la hauteur et de l'aplomb des éléments à assembler. A cette fin la largeur de la protubérance est légèrement inférieure à la largeur de la cannelure.The construction element according to the invention also comprises a protuberance 6 intended to engage in the groove 5 when two construction elements are arranged one on the other. The protuberance is present on the lower side 3 of the construction element. The groove and the protrusion are dimensioned so as to allow, during assembly a partial interlocking allowing adjustment of the alignment, the height and the plumb of the elements to be assembled. For this purpose the width of the protuberance is slightly less than the width of the groove.

La protubérance 6 et la cannelure 5 ont une section de forme sensiblement trapézoïdale comme illustré à la Fig. 1. Leurs flancs latéraux s'étendent sensiblement parallèlement entre eux et la petite base du trapèze de la protubérance est disposée face à la petite base du trapèze de la cannelure lorsqu'ils s'emboîtent (Fig. 5). Lesdits flancs latéraux étant disposés de telle façon à laisser un premier espace entre eux agencé pour le dégagement du liant 17 lorsqu'on place un élément sur un autre. Les petites bases étant disposées de telle façon à laisser un second espace entre-elles destiné à être rempli par le liant 17.The protrusion 6 and the groove 5 have a substantially trapezoidal cross-section as illustrated in FIG. Fig. 1 . Their side flanks extend substantially parallel to each other and the small base of the trapezium of the protuberance is arranged facing the small base of the trapezium of the groove when they fit together ( Fig. 5 ). Said lateral flanks being arranged so as to leave a first space between them arranged for the release of the binder 17 when placing one element on another. The small bases being arranged in such a way as to leave a second space between them intended to be filled by the binder 17.

La profondeur de la cannelure 5 et la hauteur de la protubérance 6 de l'élément de construction sont sensiblement égales et proportionnelles à la tolérance dimensionnelle à rattrapper. Le rapport du poids de l'élément de construction sur la surface de la petite base du trapèze de la protubérance est inversement proportionnel à la fluidité du liant 17.The depth of the groove 5 and the height of the protuberance 6 of the construction element are substantially equal and proportional to the dimensional tolerance to be caught. The ratio of the weight of the building element on the surface of the small base of the trapezium of the protuberance is inversely proportional to the fluidity of the binder 17.

Suivant une autre forme de réalisation d'un élément de construction suivant l'invention la cannelure chevauche plusieurs parois et/ou cloisons de l'élément de construction. Ainsi cette cannelure est associée à plusieurs parois ou cloisons portantes réparties sur l'épaisseur du bloc.According to another embodiment of a construction element according to the invention the groove overlaps several walls and / or partitions of the building element. Thus this groove is associated with several walls or load-bearing partitions distributed over the thickness of the block.

Dans le but de construire un mur, l'assemblage d'éléments de construction suivant la présente invention est réalisé à l'aide d'un liant qui est d'abord déposé sur une palette. Le maçon appuie la palette à plat sur l'élément sur lequel il veut déposer le liant, puis il fait glisser le liant à l'aide d'une spatule dans la cannelure et arase le liant à l'aide de cette même spatule, de telle façon que le liant ne déborde pratiquement pas au dessus du côté supérieur 2 de l'élément de construction.In order to construct a wall, the assembly of building elements according to the present invention is carried out using a binder which is first deposited on a pallet. The mason presses the pallet flat on the element on which he wants to deposit the binder, then he slips the binder using a spatula in the groove and scrapes the binder using this same spatula, such that the binder does not extend substantially above the upper side 2 of the building element.

Quand la cannelure d'un premier élément est remplie de liant et qu'un deuxième élément est posé au-dessus Fig. 5a, 5b, 5c, la protubérance du deuxième élément pénètre partiellement dans la cannelure du premier élément. L'enfoncement de la protubérance dans la cannelure provoque un débordement, via le premier espace entre les flancs latéraux des trapèzes, d'une partie du liant en dehors de la cannelure, formant ainsi une bande adhésive entre le côté supérieur 2 du premier élément et le côté inférieur 3 du deuxième élément. La largeur de cette bande adhésive, pour un pas (hauteur de l'élément +joint) défini des lignes horizontales de maçonnerie, variera en fonction de la hauteur propre aux éléments de construction mais restera toujours suffisante pour assurer l'adhérence des éléments entre eux. La stabilité du mur, sans jamais avoir de débordement de liant en dehors de l'élément de construction, est également assurée et due à la coopération entre les cannelures, protubérances et liant. C'est entre autre grâce au fait que la cannelure est décalée par rapport au rebord qu'il n'y a pas de débordement du liant. La cannelure sert ainsi non seulement au guidage des protubérances mais également au dosage du liant. La largeur de ladite bande adhésive sera de préférence proche de 90% de la l'épaisseur de la paroi ou cloison portante de l'élément de construction. Cela permet de minimiser l'effet de poinçonnement du deuxième élément sur le premier et réciproquement comme expliqué ci-dessous.When the groove of a first element is filled with binder and a second element is placed above Fig. 5a, 5b, 5c the protuberance of the second element partially penetrates into the groove of the first element. The depression of the protuberance in the groove causes an overflow, via the first space between the lateral flanks of the trapeziums, of a portion of the binder outside the groove, thus forming an adhesive strip between the upper side 2 of the first element and the lower side 3 of the second element. The width of this adhesive strip, for a step (height of the element + seal) defined horizontal masonry lines, will vary according to the height specific to the building elements but will always remain sufficient to ensure the adhesion of the elements between them . The stability of the wall, without ever having binder overflow outside the building element, is also ensured and due to the cooperation between the flutes, protuberances and binder. This is due to the fact that the groove is offset from the rim that there is no overflow of the binder. The groove thus serves not only for guiding the protuberances but also the dosage of the binder. The width of said adhesive strip will preferably be close to 90% of the thickness of the wall or bulkhead of the building element. This minimizes the punching effect of the second element on the first and vice versa as explained below.

Le dimensionnement de l'ensemble formé par la protubérance et de la cannelure peut être déterminé sur base des propriétés susdites de la cannelure et de la protubérance. La largeur des bandes adhésives est déterminée principalement en fonction de la cohésion du liant et/ou de l'effet de poinçonnement. Si la cohésion du liant est supérieure à celle du matériau, c'est principalement l'effet de poinçonnement qui dictera la largeur de la bande adhésive qui sera de préférence égale à 90% de l'épaisseur de la paroi ou cloison. Une fois la largeur de la bande adhésive fixée comme expliqué ci-dessus, on détermine les dimensions minimum de la cannelure et de la nervure de façon telle, à ce que après emboîtement partiel et donc expulsion suffisante d'une partie du liant, à obtenir la largeur de bande recherchée et ce en sachant qu'une partie du liant sera absorbée par le matériau. Les éléments de construction ayant des tolérances de fabrication, leur réglage est souhaitable pour la construction correcte des murs. L'importance de ce réglage est liée à l'importance de ces tolérances de fabrication. Pour obtenir un réglage plus important, il suffira d'augmenter proportionnellement la hauteur de la protubérance et la profondeur de la cannelure et encore proportionnellement diminuer la largeur de la protubérance et de la cannelure, de façon à garder un même volume de liant expulsé et donc une même largeur de bande adhésive.The dimensioning of the assembly formed by the protuberance and the groove can be determined on the basis of the aforesaid properties of the groove and the protuberance. The width of the adhesive strips is determined mainly according to the cohesion of the binder and / or the punching effect. If the cohesion of the binder is greater than that of the material, it is mainly the punching effect which will dictate the width of the adhesive strip which will preferably be equal to 90% of the thickness of the wall or partition. Once the width of the adhesive tape fixed as explained above, the minimum dimensions of the groove and the rib are determined in such a way that, after partial interlocking and thus sufficient expulsion of a part of the binder, to obtain the bandwidth sought and this knowing that a portion of the binder will be absorbed by the material. Building elements having manufacturing tolerances, their adjustment is desirable for the correct construction of the walls. The importance of this adjustment is related to the importance of these manufacturing tolerances. To get a setting more importantly, it will suffice to proportionally increase the height of the protuberance and the depth of the groove and proportionately reduce the width of the protrusion and the groove, so as to keep the same volume of binder expelled and therefore the same width of band-Aid.

La flottabilité importante de l'élément de construction sur le liant contribue au réglage de l'alignement, de la hauteur et de l'aplomb et donc l'utilisation possible d'éléments de construction ayant des tolérances de fabrication relativement grandes. Une flottabilité importante résulte de la collaboration de la fluidité du liant utilisé dans l'invention, du poids de l'élément, de la largeur de la petite base de la protubérance et de la largeur de la grande base de la cannelure qui sont présentes sur l'élément de construction suivant l'invention.The high buoyancy of the construction element on the binder contributes to the alignment, height and plumbness adjustment and thus the possible use of building elements with relatively large manufacturing tolerances. Significant buoyancy results from the collaboration of the fluidity of the binder used in the invention, the weight of the element, the width of the small base of the protuberance and the width of the large base of the groove which are present on the construction element according to the invention.

Les éléments d'une première ligne de maçonnerie et les éléments d'une deuxième ligne de maçonnerie superposée à la première, ne se touchent en aucun cas dans le sens horizontal, le seul contact dans le sens horizontal entre ces lignes se fait par l'intermédiaire des bandes adhésives constituées par le liant.The elements of a first line of masonry and the elements of a second line of masonry superimposed on the first, do not touch in any case in the horizontal direction, the only contact in the horizontal direction between these lines is done by the intermediate adhesive tapes constituted by the binder.

Dans un mode préféré de réalisation un avantage de l'élément de construction de la présente invention est qu'il est creux et qu'il présente au moins une ouverture 7 sur un côté latéral 4a, de façon à ce que le côté latéral ouvert puisse être accolé à un côté latéral d'un autre élément de construction similaire. L'élément étant creux, son poids est réduit, ce qui le rend plus facile à manipuler et permet de le soulever au moyen d'un instrument qui est de préférence constitué par une poignée 13 qui sert également de massette 16 afin de pouvoir régler l'alignement et la hauteur de l'élément ainsi que son aplomb. La poignée 13 est illustrée sur la Fig. 6a et son utilisation pour la préhension de l'élément sur la Fig. 6b. Cet outil est profilé de façon à ce que la barre située sous la poignée puisse être glissée dans la partie évidée 7 de l'élément de construction comme il est représenté par exemple sur la Fig. 6b.In a preferred embodiment, an advantage of the construction element of the present invention is that it is hollow and has at least one opening 7 on a lateral side 4a, so that the open side can be attached to a lateral side of another similar building element. Since the element is hollow, its weight is reduced, which makes it easier to handle and allows it to be lifted by means of an instrument which is preferably constituted by a handle 13 which also serves as a hammer 16 in order to be able to adjust the pressure. alignment and height of the element as well as its plumb. The handle 13 is illustrated on the Fig. 6a and its use for gripping the element on the Fig. 6b . This tool is profiled so that the bar located under the handle can be slid into the recessed portion 7 of the construction element as shown for example on the Fig. 6b .

L'élément de construction suivant la présente invention peut également être plein lorsque son poids ou son format le permet. La Fig. 7 illustre un mode de réalisation d'un élément de construction plein selon la présente invention. Celui-ci comprend, de préférence, un logement 12 prévu pour recevoir un crochet de liaison qui permet de relier le mur de parement construit avec ces éléments de construction au mur porteur.The construction element according to the present invention can also be full when its weight or format allows it. The Fig. 7 illustrates an embodiment of a solid building element according to the present invention. This preferably comprises a housing 12 provided for receiving a connecting hook which connects the facing wall constructed with these building elements to the load-bearing wall.

L'élément de construction de la présente invention peut être fabriqué à partir de compositions différentes selon l'utilisation qui en est faite. Par exemple, dans le cas de la construction d'un mur à enduire, l'élément de construction peut être composé de béton permettant d'obtenir des éléments relativement légers. Cela permet de proposer des éléments aux dimensions telles que leur nombre par unité de surface est réduit par rapport aux blocs classiques.The building element of the present invention can be made from different compositions depending on the use thereof. For example, in the case of the construction of a wall to be coated, the building element may be made of concrete to obtain relatively light elements. This makes it possible to propose elements with dimensions such that their number per unit area is reduced compared with conventional blocks.

En outre, une augmentation importante de la hauteur de l'élément de construction a été réalisée. Une augmentation de la hauteur de l'élément de construction entraîne une réduction du nombre de lignes horizontales de maçonnerie. De plus, sachant que souvent le joint vertical ne sera pas rempli, cela permet un gain de quantité de liant et de main d'oeuvre extrêmement significatifs. Cette augmentation de la hauteur inverse le rapport classique hauteur/longueur < 1 des éléments de construction. De même, plus l'élément est haut, plus le réglage de son aplomb en est facilité. De préférence le poids de l'élément de construction est inférieur ou égal à 25 kg et sa hauteur est supérieure ou égale à sa longueur. Toutefois, la présente invention s'applique aussi à des éléments de poids et proportions classiques, à savoir que leur poids est inférieur ou égal à 25 kg , et la hauteur peut être inférieure ou égale à la longueur.In addition, a significant increase in the height of the building element has been achieved. An increase in the height of the building element results in a reduction in the number of horizontal masonry lines. In addition, knowing that often the vertical seal will not be filled, it allows a gain of quantity of binder and manpower extremely significant. This increase in height reverses the classical height / length ratio <1 of the building elements. Likewise, the higher the element, the easier the adjustment of its plumb. Preferably the weight of the building element is less than or equal to 25 kg and its height is greater than or equal to its length. However, the present invention also applies to elements of conventional weight and proportions, namely that their weight is less than or equal to 25 kg, and the height may be less than or equal to the length.

La hauteur de l'élément de construction est de préférence un module des standards des hauteurs sous linteaux intérieurs et sous ceinture des murs sous plafonds, cela évite toute découpe d'élément et permet donc un gain de temps considérable lors de la réalisation des maçonneries.The height of the building element is preferably a module of the standards of the heights under lintels inside and belt of the walls under ceilings, this avoids any cutting of element and thus allows a considerable time saving during the realization of the masonry.

Dans une forme de réalisation de l'élément de construction de l'invention telle qu'illustrée sur la Fig. 3, la cannelure 5 de l'élément de construction est pourvue d'un évidement 20 pour recevoir une armature métallique simple ou chevauchée pour permettre la liaison entre deux armatures tout en minimisant la quantité de liant nécessaire à l'enrobage de celles-ci. L'élément de construction suivant la présente invention peut ainsi également être utilisé pour des constructions armées.In one embodiment of the construction element of the invention as illustrated on the Fig. 3 , the groove 5 of the construction element is provided with a recess 20 for receiving a single metal frame or overlapped to allow the connection between two frames while minimizing the amount of binder required for coating thereof. The construction element according to the present invention can thus also be used for armed constructions.

Dans une forme de réalisation préférentielle, l'élément de construction de la présente invention comporte également un repère d'alignement 9 servant lors d'un assemblage à joints contrariés dudit élément de construction avec d'autres éléments de constructions similaires. De cette façon, il est très aisé de poser l'élément de construction pour obtenir un alignement alterné des joints verticaux des éléments de construction quand on réalise un mur avec une pose de ceux-ci dite "à joints contrariés".In a preferred embodiment, the construction element of the present invention also includes an alignment mark 9 serving in an assembly with upset joints of said construction element with other elements of similar constructions. In this way, it is very easy to install the construction element to obtain an alternating alignment of the vertical joints of the building elements when making a wall with a pose of these called "with joints annoying".

L'élément de construction de l'invention peut également comporter au moins un faux joint horizontal 10 et/ou vertical 11 (Fig. 7) en forme de demi-queue d'aronde. Cette configuration de faux joints permet de créer un resserrement du joint à ses extrémités qui retient ainsi le liant servant au jointoiement.The construction element of the invention may also comprise at least one horizontal and / or vertical false joint 11 ( Fig. 7 ) in the form of a half-dovetail. This configuration of false joints makes it possible to create a tightening of the seal at its ends which thus retains the binder used for grouting.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, l'élément de construction de la présente invention est fabriqué en béton dont la composition préférentielle est la suivante pour 1 m3 : Ciment: 175 kg Argile expansée concassée 4/8 : 600 l Argile expansée concassée 0/4: 700 l Sable 70 kg In a preferred embodiment, the construction element of the present invention is made of concrete whose preferred composition is as follows for 1 m 3 : Cement: 175 kg Expanded crushed clay 4/8: 600 l Expanded clay crushed 0/4: 700 l Sand 70 kg

Ce type de béton a les caractéristiques suivantes: sa masse volumique sèche est de 870 kg/m3 et sa résistance à la compression sur des cubes de 5 cm de côté est > 4 N/mm2.This type of concrete has the following characteristics: its dry density is 870 kg / m 3 and its compressive strength on cubes with sides of 5 cm is> 4 N / mm 2 .

Il est bien entendu que d'autres compositions sont utilisables pour fabriquer l'élément de construction. Le but étant d'obtenir un élément de construction, qui est facilement manipulable et qui possède une résistance mécanique suffisante pour pouvoir être utilisé dans la construction d'une maison individuelle ou pour d'autres ouvrages de maçonnerie. Il est possible, par exemple, d'ajouter des billes de polystyrène expansé dans le béton pour l'alléger ou d'ajouter du gravier pour le renforcer. Il est également prévu d'utiliser des éléments de construction selon la présente invention qui peuvent être fabriqués avec d'autres matériaux tels que de la terre cuite, du béton cellulaire, etc.It is understood that other compositions can be used to manufacture the construction element. The goal is to obtain a building element, which is easily manipulated and has sufficient mechanical strength to be used in the construction of a house or for other masonry. It is possible, for example, to add expanded polystyrene beads in the concrete to lighten it or to add gravel to reinforce it. It is also intended to use building elements according to the present invention which may be made of other materials such as terracotta, cellular concrete, etc.

Le liant utilisé dans un mode de réalisation préféré de la présente invention est un liant qui durcit très vite une fois mis en oeuvre. Celui-ci, au moment de l'assemblage des éléments, pénètre pour environ 30 % de son volume dans la matière des éléments de construction. Le durcissement rapide de ce liant est provoqué par une réaction chimique liée à un premier transfert d'eau du liant vers les éléments. Il en résulte une stabilité du mur et une adhérence entre les éléments qui sont très importantes après quelques minutes, ce qui permet de réaliser des murs de grande hauteur sans jamais devoir attendre que le liant ait fait sa prise et donc sans s'arrêter.The binder used in a preferred embodiment of the present invention is a binder which hardens very quickly once used. This, at the time of assembly of the elements, penetrates for about 30% of its volume in the material of the building elements. The rapid hardening of this binder is caused by a chemical reaction related to a first transfer of water from the binder to the elements. This results in a wall stability and adhesion between the elements that are very important after a few minutes, which allows for high walls without ever having to wait for the binder has made its decision and therefore without stopping.

Le liant préféré utilisé pour l'assemblage des éléments de construction de l'invention a les propriétés suivantes:

  • une résistance à la compression qui est supérieure à celle de l'élément de construction lui-même, de préférence 15 N/mm2;
  • une force d'adhérence d'au moins 2 N/mm2, de préférence 2,3 N/mm2;
  • une densité de 1,8 kg/l et
  • un retrait de 12 x 10-4 m/m
  • un rapport eau sur ciment proche de 0.45 l/kg.
The preferred binder used for assembling the building elements of the invention has the following properties:
  • a compressive strength which is greater than that of the construction element itself, preferably 15 N / mm 2 ;
  • an adhesion strength of at least 2 N / mm 2 , preferably 2.3 N / mm 2 ;
  • a density of 1.8 kg / l and
  • a withdrawal of 12 x 10 -4 m / m
  • a water to cement ratio close to 0.45 l / kg.

Le maçon prépare dans un baquet le liant qu'il mélange soigneusement avec de l'eau et ensuite il peut l'appliquer sur une rangée entière d'éléments de construction alignés le long d'un dispositif de guidage puis poser une rangée d'éléments de construction par-dessus et ainsi de suite. De plus, le liant étant thixotrope, il suffira de remélanger celui-ci quelques instants dans le baquet pour le fluidifier à nouveau si nécessaire.The bricklayer prepares a binder in a tub which he carefully mixes with water and then he can apply it on a whole row of building elements aligned along a guiding and then laying a row of building elements on top and so on. In addition, the binder is thixotropic, it will be enough to remix it a few moments in the tub to fluidify again if necessary.

Dans le procédé de construction d'un mur tel que décrit dans la présente invention la quantité de liant nécessaire est environ 20 fois moins importante que la quantité de mortier habituellement utilisée dans les procédés de construction traditionnels.In the method of constructing a wall as described in the present invention the amount of binder required is about 20 times less than the amount of mortar usually used in traditional building processes.

Les Fig. 8 et 9 illustrent une fraction d'un mur construit à l'aide d'éléments de construction suivant l'invention. La fraction du mur peut être construite soit en assemblant au préalable plusieurs éléments de construction de telle façon à ne former qu'un seul élément de construction soit en une seule opération lors de la fabrication des éléments de construction.The Fig. 8 and 9 illustrate a fraction of a wall constructed using building elements according to the invention. The fraction of the wall can be constructed either by first assembling several building elements in such a way as to form only one building element or in a single operation during the construction of the building elements.

Dans l'état de la technique il est connu que le mur de refend est lié par emboîtement dans le mur principal. De même que pour réaliser les coins, les maçonneries sont imbriquées. Cela n'est plus nécessaire grâce aux performances du liant utilisé dans la présente invention qui collaborent avec les caractéristiques de l'élément de construction de la présente invention. En effet, cela permet de coller les murs les uns contre les autres sans imbrication. De plus, lorsque les éléments sont pourvus de protubérances et de cannelures il n'est plus indispensable de disposer d'éléments de construction spéciaux pour réaliser ces maçonneries.In the state of the art it is known that the wall of slit is interlocked in the main wall. As for making the corners, masonry is nested. This is no longer necessary because of the performance of the binder used in the present invention which collaborates with the characteristics of the construction element of the present invention. Indeed, it allows to stick the walls against each other without nesting. In addition, when the elements are provided with protuberances and grooves it is no longer necessary to have special construction elements to make these masonry.

L'élément de construction représenté sur la Fig. 4 est essentiellement utilisé pour les abouts car il présente une paroi latérale pleine, ce qui permet de terminer la boutisse d'un mur par une face fermée.The building element shown on the Fig. 4 is mainly used for abouts because it has a solid side wall, which allows to finish the end of a wall by a closed face.

D'autres avantages de la construction d'un mur tel que décrit dans la présente invention sont par exemple l'absorption des tolérances de fabrication des éléments de construction. En effet, les éléments de construction sont généralement fabriqués par lots dans un moule. Tous les éléments ne seront pas parfaitement identiques dans un même lot. De plus, au fur et à mesure de son utilisation le moule s'use et produit des éléments de construction dont les dimensions évoluent. Ces tolérances de fabrication qui sont inévitables ne constituent pas un problème puisqu'elles sont aisément acceptées dans le procédé de construction de murs de l'invention.Other advantages of the construction of a wall as described in the present invention are for example the absorption of manufacturing tolerances of the building elements. Indeed, the elements of construction are usually manufactured in batches in a mold. All the elements will not be perfectly identical in the same lot. In addition, as and when use the mold wears and produces building elements whose dimensions evolve. These unavoidable manufacturing tolerances are not a problem since they are readily accepted in the wall construction method of the invention.

Claims (18)

  1. A construction element (1) for the construction of a wall, said element comprising an upper face (2), a lower face (3), and lateral faces (4), said construction element comprising at least one groove (5), provided for the dosage by grading of a binder (17), necessary for the assembly of construction elements to one another, said groove extending over the upper face (2) of the construction element, said construction element also comprising at least one protuberance (6), which extends over the lower face (3) of the construction element, the groove (5) being applied in such a way as to be in correspondence with the protuberance (6) so as to allow for the assembly of two similar construction elements, said groove (5) being associated with a load-bearing wall (24) or partition (25) of the construction element and applied at a distance from the outer lateral edge (8) of the construction element, which is sufficient to prevent the overflow of the binder (17) beyond the edge of the element during assembly, characterised in that the groove (5) and the protuberance (6) are dimensioned in such a way as to allow, during the assembly of two elements, for a partial nesting enabling a strip of binder to be formed between the upper face (2) and the lower face (3) of the elements, the sole contact between the two superimposed elements therefore being by way of this strip so as to allow for an adjustment of the alignment, of the height, and of the plumb alignment of the elements which are to be assembled.
  2. The construction element (1) according to claim 1, characterised in that the protuberance (6) and the groove (5) have a cross-section which is approximately trapezoidal in shape, in such a way that, when two construction elements are in the assembled position, their lateral flanks extend approximately parallel to one another, and the small base of the trapezoid of the protuberance being arranged opposite the small base of the trapezoid of the groove when they are engaged, said lateral flanks being arranged in such a fashion as to leave a first space between them, intended to allow for the clearance of the said binder (17), the small bases being arranged in such a way as to leave a second space between them, filled by said binder.
  3. The construction element (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the depth of the groove (5) and the height of the protuberance (6) are approximately equal and proportional to the tolerance which is to be accommodated with the construction element.
  4. The construction element (1) according to one of claims 2 or 3, characterised in that the ratio of the weight of the construction element to the surface area of the small base of the trapezoid of the protuberance is inversely proportional to the fluidity of said binder (17).
  5. The construction element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the width of the groove (5) is less than the thickness of the load-bearing wall or partition (7) of the construction element on which the groove is placed.
  6. The construction element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that one groove (5) straddles several walls and/or partitions (7) of the construction element (1).
  7. The construction element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the height of the construction element is dimensioned in such a way that an assembly in height of the construction elements forms a standard height beneath interior lintels and stretches of masonry beneath ceilings, and in that the weight of the construction element is less than or equal to 25 kg, and the height of the element is greater than or equal to its length.
  8. The construction element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the height of the construction element is dimensioned in such a way that an assembly in height of the construction elements forms a standard height beneath lintels, and that the weight of the construction element is less than 25 kg.
  9. The construction element (1) according to any of claims 1 to 5, 7 or 8, characterised in that a groove (5) is arranged above each of the load-bearing walls (24) or partitions (25) of said construction element.
  10. The construction element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the groove (5) is designed in order to accommodate equally a simple or straddled fitting.
  11. The construction element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that it comprises a vertical reference alignment shaping (9) for the assembling of opposed joints of said construction element with other similar construction elements.
  12. The construction element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that it is provided with at least one horizontal false joint (10) in the form of a rounded half-shank on at least one lateral face.
  13. The construction element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that it is provided with at least one vertical false joint (11) in the form of a rounded half-shank on at least one lateral face.
  14. The construction element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that it comprises at least one mounting (12) provided in order to accommodate a hook for connecting the facing wall to the load-bearing wall.
  15. A combination of a construction element (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, and of a tool (13) intended for lifting the said element, characterised in that the tool is dimensioned so as to allow for the lifting, handling, laying and adjusting the alignment, height, and plumb alignment of the construction element (1).
  16. A wall constructed with construction element (1) according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that it is constructed with "thin joints" between the construction elements (1).
  17. The wall according to claim 16, characterised in that it comprises assemblies of construction elements (14, 15), each construction assembly comprising at least two preassembled construction elements.
  18. An assembly of two walls constructed with construction elements (1) according to one of claims 1 to 14, and forming between them an angle, characterised in that the connection between the two walls is provided by adhesive bonding and without embedding.
EP03737757A 2002-07-10 2003-07-10 Building block Expired - Lifetime EP1521887B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE0200121 2002-07-10
WOPCT/BE02/00121 2002-07-10
PCT/BE2003/000122 WO2004007860A1 (en) 2002-07-10 2003-07-10 Building block

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1521887A1 EP1521887A1 (en) 2005-04-13
EP1521887B1 true EP1521887B1 (en) 2010-07-28

Family

ID=30005464

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03737757A Expired - Lifetime EP1521887B1 (en) 2002-07-10 2003-07-10 Building block

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20060117699A1 (en)
EP (1) EP1521887B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1328446C (en)
AT (1) ATE475755T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003245129B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2492067A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60333563D1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004007860A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE47770E1 (en) 2002-07-18 2019-12-17 Merus N.V. Recombinant production of mixtures of antibodies
EP1523496B1 (en) 2002-07-18 2011-06-29 Merus B.V. Recombinant production of mixtures of antibodies
WO2004106375A1 (en) 2003-05-30 2004-12-09 Merus Biopharmaceuticals B.V. I.O. Fab library for the preparation of anti vegf and anti rabies virus fabs
US20100069614A1 (en) 2008-06-27 2010-03-18 Merus B.V. Antibody producing non-human mammals
WO2007080182A1 (en) * 2006-01-11 2007-07-19 Festoo Constructs Building blocks with mating coupling means for constructing wall and associated method
US20080120931A1 (en) * 2006-06-30 2008-05-29 Mark Joslyn Masonry block arrangements; wall units; and, methods
EP1905913A1 (en) * 2006-09-22 2008-04-02 Agostino Di Trapani Building block with ribs
ES2321366B1 (en) * 2007-01-24 2010-03-15 Ceramica Acustica, S.L. LARGE FORMAT BRICK OR PLATE FOR OUTDOORS OF UNION BY GRINDING.
DK177565B1 (en) * 2009-03-17 2013-10-21 Vkr Holding As Vapour barrier collar, method for producing a vapour barrier collar and method for mounting a vapour barrier collar
CN102605877A (en) * 2012-03-16 2012-07-25 沈阳金铠建筑科技股份有限公司 External-protection heat-insulation wall body formed by cast-in-place tenon-and-mortise building blocks and construction method
SG10201607371UA (en) 2012-04-20 2016-10-28 Merus Nv Methods and means for the production of ig-like molecules
CN106337525A (en) * 2016-04-14 2017-01-18 杨建汉 Hollow brick provided with glaze layer
WO2019003100A1 (en) 2017-06-27 2019-01-03 Flooring Industries Limited, Sarl Wall or ceiling panel and wall or ceiling assembly
BR202017022766Y1 (en) * 2017-10-23 2022-07-12 Mateus Titton Tostes FITTING BLOCK FOR CIVIL CONSTRUCTION
CN108286306A (en) * 2018-04-02 2018-07-17 北京天基新材料股份有限公司 A kind of swollen barnacle block of mortise and tenon formula and combinations thereof wall
CA3105241A1 (en) * 2020-01-09 2021-07-09 Christopher R. Genest Masonry block system
FR3120883A1 (en) * 2021-03-17 2022-09-23 Eloge Franck David Koubemba SEMI-EMBOITED BLOCK MANUALLY MADE

Family Cites Families (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US468838A (en) * 1892-02-16 Building-brick
US800067A (en) * 1904-11-04 1905-09-19 William Kolman Hollow cement building-block.
US822078A (en) * 1905-05-10 1906-05-29 George W Roberts Cement building-block.
US1197815A (en) * 1916-03-02 1916-09-12 Charles H Frost Hollow interlocking brick.
GB204263A (en) * 1923-02-02 1923-09-27 John Edward Abrams Improvements in building blocks
US1592476A (en) * 1923-12-28 1926-07-13 Torrecelli Decio Concrete building block
US1667160A (en) * 1927-03-30 1928-04-24 Edward H Kleinfeldt Wall construction
US2162417A (en) * 1937-07-31 1939-06-13 Tybrick Corp Building brick and wall
US2652278A (en) * 1948-09-22 1953-09-15 David A Allen Building block lift
DE801297C (en) * 1949-11-01 1951-01-04 Josef Ignaz Bernauer Stone carrying and auxiliary device for setting masonry stones
US2579826A (en) * 1950-04-18 1951-12-25 George O Ingram Carrier device for construction blocks
US2821426A (en) * 1954-09-01 1958-01-28 Paul J Hanner Building block carrier
FR73369E (en) * 1957-12-13 1960-06-27 Construction method and devices for implementing such a method
US2968510A (en) * 1957-12-31 1961-01-17 Clayton J Ellis Lifting tool for building blocks
FR1271506A (en) * 1960-05-13 1961-09-15 New brick
US3422588A (en) * 1967-01-18 1969-01-21 Stark Ceramics Inc Interlocking building block
US4304080A (en) * 1980-01-28 1981-12-08 The Budd Company Construction beam
US4463979A (en) * 1983-05-12 1984-08-07 Lybolt Arden F Building block handling tool
IT1185470B (en) * 1985-10-22 1987-11-12 Francesco Giovannini METHOD FOR BUILDING THE WALLS OF BUILDINGS AND BUILDINGS
US4860505A (en) * 1988-05-26 1989-08-29 Bender David C Construction block
US4982987A (en) * 1989-06-27 1991-01-08 Riggins Clifford H Masonry block tool
CN2116036U (en) * 1992-03-12 1992-09-16 浙江省长兴县鼎新面砖厂 Building block with tongue-and-groove
FR2712009B1 (en) * 1993-11-02 1996-01-05 Gelis Cie Sa Ets Construction element of the type to be fitted and stacked.
DE19752280A1 (en) * 1997-11-26 1999-06-02 Daimler Benz Ag Device for connecting two tubular line parts
US6050749A (en) * 1997-12-19 2000-04-18 Khamis; Suheil R. Concrete masonry unit for reinforced retaining wall
US6223491B1 (en) * 1998-03-23 2001-05-01 Ted C. Dial, Jr. Block system
US6152655A (en) * 1999-05-05 2000-11-28 Hull; Kent D Masonry block for retaining and freestanding walls
EP1174232A1 (en) * 2000-07-20 2002-01-23 Entreprises Roosens Services sca Building block and manufacture therof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003245129B2 (en) 2008-09-04
CN1328446C (en) 2007-07-25
EP1521887A1 (en) 2005-04-13
CA2492067A1 (en) 2004-01-22
DE60333563D1 (en) 2010-09-09
ATE475755T1 (en) 2010-08-15
CN1678802A (en) 2005-10-05
AU2003245129A1 (en) 2004-02-02
US20060117699A1 (en) 2006-06-08
WO2004007860A1 (en) 2004-01-22

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1521887B1 (en) Building block
EP2582893B1 (en) Method for constructing a building using bricks connected using dry joints
FR3013371A1 (en) BOX OF RESERVATION FOR WALLS OR TILES OF CONCRETE
WO2007028658A1 (en) Building system for constructing walls
FR2774112A1 (en) Composite wood-concrete wall or floor element
EP2377660B1 (en) Method for manufacturing prefabricated construction panels that combine wood and concrete and panels obtained via said method
FR2575778A1 (en) Prefabricated construction element and method for building an isothermal wall
EP3293318B1 (en) Composite wood-concrete structures
EP1775397A1 (en) Insulating formwork for concrete construction elements
EP2078799A1 (en) Method for erecting walls and walls built according to this method
WO2016023804A1 (en) Double wall and modular block for the construction of same
FR2885624A1 (en) Base unit`s e.g. ground floor, lateral wall constructing method for prefabricated building, involves pouring and hardening cement material in molds delimited by panels, where material is penetrated into perforations and is solidified
FR2796406A1 (en) Permanent shuttering for cement walls has two insulating panels with hinged connections to allow collapse for transport
FR2904342A1 (en) Formwork slab for forming lightweight floor of building/individual house, has plate projected over rabbets, where rabbets have width that is measured between wall and plane and is greater than/equal to sixty millimeters
WO1991006723A1 (en) New construction items
FR2805554A1 (en) Mortar-less wall construction block has dovetail-shaped upper and lower projections locking courses of blocks together
EP1248890B1 (en) Method for constructing a building
WO2001053624A1 (en) Method for constructing a building,, structural block, window lintel and support for implementing said method
WO2004063482A1 (en) Wall building system
FR2548712A1 (en) Construction elements permitting the erection of self-aligned vertical walls, and method for construction of such walls using the said elements
FR3118979A1 (en) Construction panel and method of manufacturing a wall using such a panel
FR2695152A1 (en) Assembly of construction elements - comprises blocks and junction posts having male/female coupling parts with concrete blocks being placed side by side or superposed to form construction walls and facades with openings
WO2005005742A1 (en) Building construction method
FR3048440A1 (en) MODULAR BUILDING UNITS WITH RESERVATIONS
FR2978178A1 (en) Construction/facing device for e.g. constructing walls of single family house, has facing/renovation and construction modules with insulation layers having specific heat transfer coefficient and secured to entire outer face of facing panel

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20050209

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL LT LV MK

RAX Requested extension states of the european patent have changed

Extension state: LV

Payment date: 20050209

Extension state: LT

Payment date: 20050209

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: LT LV

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 60333563

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20100909

Kind code of ref document: P

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: VDEP

Effective date: 20100728

LTIE Lt: invalidation of european patent or patent extension

Effective date: 20100728

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101129

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101028

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FD4D

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101029

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20101108

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20110429

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 60333563

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20110429

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110731

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20110710

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110731

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110731

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20120201

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 60333563

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20120201

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110710

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110710

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20100728

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 14

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: PLFP

Year of fee payment: 15

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20170627

Year of fee payment: 15

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20180731

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20220126

Year of fee payment: 19

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20220731

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20220731