Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/37—Polymers
  • C11D3/3746—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C11D3/378—(Co)polymerised monomers containing sulfur, e.g. sulfonate

Definitions

• copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups as additives in detergents and cleaning agents
• the present invention relates to the use of copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups which
• R 1 unbranched or branched C ⁇ C alkylene
• H 2 C C-COO R 3 - R 4 - 0- R5
• R 2 is hydrogen or methyl
• R 3 is a chemical bond or unbranched or branched Ci-C ⁇ alkylene;
• R 4 are identical or different unbranched or branched C -C alkylene radicals;
• R 5 unbranched or branched Ci-C ⁇ alkyl, Cs-Cs-cycloalkyl or aryl; n 3 to 50,
• the invention relates to detergents and cleaning agents which contain these copolymers as a deposit-inhibiting additive.
• the dishes In automatic dishwashing, the dishes should be cleaned in a residue-free state with an immaculately shiny surface, for which a cleaner, rinse aid and regeneration salt usually have to be used to soften the water.
• the so-called "2inl" dishwashing detergents introduced on the market contain, in addition to the detergent for removing the soiling on the wash ware, integrated rinse aid surfactants, which ensure that water runs off the wash ware during the rinse and drying cycle and thus prevent limescale and water stains. Refilling a rinse aid is no longer necessary when using these products.
• Modern machine dishwashers "3inl" cleaners, are to combine the three functions of cleaning, rinsing and water softening in a single detergent formulation, so that the refill of salt with water hardness levels of 1 to 3 is also superfluous for the consumer.
• Sodium tripolyphosphate is usually added to these cleaners to bind the hardness-forming calcium and magnesium ions. This in turn results in calcium and magnesium phosphate deposits on the wash ware.
• WO-A-02/04583 describes automatic dishwashing detergents which contain copolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids, monomers containing sulfonic acid groups and optionally, but preferably no, other nonionic monomers based on ethylenically unsaturated compounds as scale inhibitors. No further information is given on the nonionic monomers.
• EP-A-877 002 relates to the use of copolymers of monoethylenically unsaturated acids, unsaturated sulfonic acids and optionally monoethylenically unsaturated dicarboxylic acids and monoethylenically unsaturated comonomers as inhibitors for (poly) phosphate deposits in automatic dishwashing detergents.
• Copolymers of acrylic acid and 2-acrylamido-2-propanesulfonic acid or sodium methallylsulfonate and also are disclosed in detail
• Terpolymers that additionally tert. -Polymerized butyl acrylamide contain.
• Non-ionic monomers of the formula II are not mentioned.
• water-soluble copolymers which have structural units containing sulfonate groups, carboxylate groups and polyalkylene oxide groups and an average molecular weight M w of> 50,000 to 3,000,000 can be used as an agent against scale based in particular on silicates in water circuits, for example cooling systems , be used.
• the structural unit containing sulfonate groups of the copolymers disclosed in detail is based on sodium 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene-1-sulfonate.
• DE-A-43 43 993 uses graft copolymers of monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, monoethylenically unsaturated monomers containing sulfonic acid groups and optionally monomers containing water-soluble alkylene oxide units and other free-radically polymerizable monomers on polyhydroxy compounds to inhibit the water hardness in washing and cleaning agents. Graft copolymers of acrylic acid, sodium methallyl sulfonate and methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate on polyvinyl alcohol, triglycerol and starch dextrin are described in detail.
• EP-A-278 983 discloses the use of copolymers of polyalkylene glycol mono (meth) acrylates, sulfoalkyl (meth) acrylates and (meth) acrylic acid as a water-soluble dispersant for carbon-containing solids.
• the object of the invention was to remedy the problems outlined above and to provide an additive which can also be used advantageously, in particular, in multifunctional cleaners and in particular has a deposit-inhibiting effect.
• R is hydrogen or methyl
• X is a chemical bond or -COO-R 1 -;
• R 1 unbranched or branched C ⁇ C alkylene; M hydrogen, alkali metal or ammonium,
• R 2 is hydrogen or methyl
• R 3 is a chemical bond or unbranched or branched Ci-C ⁇ alkylene
• R 4 same or different unbranched or branched
• C -C alkylene radicals R 5 unbranched or branched Ci-Cg-alkyl, Cs-Cs-cycloalkyl or aryl; n 3 to 50,
• copolymerized randomly or in blocks found as an additive to detergents and cleaning agents.
• detergents and cleaning agents have been found which contain the copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups as a coating-inhibiting additive.
• the copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups contain, as copolymerized component (a), monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids, their esters and / or water-soluble salts, the carboxylic acids themselves or their salts being preferred as component (a).
• Suitable components (a) are, for example, ⁇ , ⁇ -unsaturated monocarboxylic acids, which preferably have 3 to 6 carbon atoms, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 2-ethylpropenoic acid, crotonic acid and vinyl acetic acid.
• unsaturated dicarboxylic acids preferably having 4 to 6 carbon atoms, such as itaconic acid and maleic acid.
• esters are the reaction products of these acids with C 1 -C 6 -alcohols, especially methanol, ethanol and butanol, it being possible for the dicarboxylic acids to be present as mono- or as diesters.
• examples include: methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, butyl methacrylate, monomethyl maleate and dimethyl maleate.
• the salts are preferably alkali metal salts, e.g. Sodium or potassium salts, or ammonium salts, with the sodium salts being preferred.
• Preferred carboxylic acids (a) are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and maleic acid.
• Acrylic acid and methacrylic acid which can advantageously also be contained together in the copolymers, are particularly preferred.
• the proportion of carboxylic acids (a) in the copolymers to be used according to the invention is 30 to 95 mol%, preferably 50 to 90 mol% and particularly preferably 60 to 90 mol%.
• acrylic acid and methacrylic acid are present in the copolymers, their molar ratio is preferably 15: 1 to 0.05: 1, in particular 10: 1 to 1: 1, especially 5: 1 to 1: 1.
• the copolymers contain, as copolymerized component (b), monomers of the formula I containing sulfonic acid groups
• R is hydrogen or preferably methyl;
• X is a chemical bond or preferably -COO-R 1 ;
• R 1 unbranched or branched C ⁇ -C alkylene, preferably C 2 -C 3 alkylene; M is hydrogen, ammonium or preferably an alkali metal.
• 4-sulfobutyl (meth) acrylic acid and its salts in particular the sodium salts, vinylsulfonic acid, 2-sulfoethyl methacrylic acid and 2-sulfopropyl methacrylic acid and their sodium salts being preferred, and 2-sulfoethyl methacrylic acid and its sodium salt being particularly preferred.
• the proportion of the monomers (b) containing sulfonic acid groups in the copolymers to be used according to the invention is 3 to 35 mol%, preferably 5 to 25 mol% and in particular 5 to 15 20 mol%.
• the copolymers also contain, as component (c), nonionic monomers of the formula II
• H 2 C C-COO R 3 "R 4 - - o- II 0- R5
• R 2 is hydrogen or preferably methyl
• R 3 unbranched or branched Ci-Cg-alkylene or preferably a chemical bond; R 4 identical or different unbranched or branched 30 C -C alkylene radicals, especially C -C 3 alkylene radicals, in particular
• R 5 aryl, especially phenyl or naphthyl, which can in each case be substituted by alkyl, Cs-Cs-cycloalkyl, especially cyclohexyl, or preferably unbranched or branched C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, in particular C 1 -C 6 -alkyl; n 3 to 50, preferably 5 to 40, particularly preferably 10 to 30.
• the polyalkylene glycols contain 3 to 50, in particular 10 to 30, alkylene oxide units.
• the proportion of nonionic monomers (c) in the copolymers to be used according to the invention is 2 to 35 mol%, preferably 5 to 25 mol% and especially 5 to 20 mol%.
• the copolymers to be used according to the invention generally have an average molecular weight M of from 3,000 to 40,000, preferably from 10,000 to 30,000 and particularly preferably from 15,000 to 25,000.
• the K value of the copolymers is usually 15 to 35, in particular 20 to 32, especially 27 to 30 (measured in 1% strength by weight aqueous solution at 25 ° C., according to H. Fikentscher, cellulose se-Chemie, vol. 13, pp. 58-64 and 71-74 (1932)).
• copolymers to be used according to the invention can be produced by radical polymerization of the monomers. All known radical polymerization processes can be used. In addition to bulk polymerization, the methods of solution polymerization and emulsion polymerization should be mentioned in particular, with solution polymerization being preferred.
• the polymerization is preferably carried out in water as a solvent.
• alcoholic solvents in particular C 1 -C 4 alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol and isopropanol, or mixtures of these solvents with water.
• thermally activatable polymerization initiators include initiators with a decomposition temperature in the range from 20 to 180 ° C., in particular from 50 to 90 ° C., are preferred.
• suitable thermal initiators are inorganic peroxo compounds, such as peroxodisulfates (ammonium and preferably sodium peroxodisulfate), peroxosulfates, percarbonates and hydrogen peroxide; organic peroxo compounds, such as diacetyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, diamyl peroxide, dioctanoyl peroxide, didecanoyl peroxide, dilauroyl peroxide, dibenzoyl peroxide, bis (o-toloyl) peroxide, succinyl peroxide, tert-butyl peryl butyl butyl peracetate, tert.
• inorganic peroxo compounds such as peroxodisulfates (ammonium and preferably
• tert-butyl perpivalate tert. -Butyl-perroctoate, tert. -Butyl perneodecanoate, tert-butyl perbenzoate, tert-butyl peroxide, tert. -Butyl hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate and diisopropyl peroxidicarbamate; Azo compounds, such as 2, 2 '-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile) and azobis (2-amidopropane) dihydrochloride.
• Azo compounds such as 2, 2 '-azobisisobutyronitrile, 2,2'-azobis (2-methylbutyronitrile) and azobis (2-amidopropane) dihydrochloride.
• initiators can be used in combination with reducing compounds as starter / controller systems.
• reducing compounds include phosphorus-containing compounds, such as phosphorous acid, hypophosphites and phosphinates, sulfur-containing compounds, such as sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite and sodium formaldehyde sulfoxilate, and hydrazine.
• photoinitiators examples include benzophenone, aceto-phenone, benzoin ether, benzyl dialkyl ketones and their derivatives.
• Thermal initiators are preferably used, with inorganic peroxo compounds, in particular sodium peroxodisulfate (sodium persulfate) being preferred.
• the peroxo compounds are used particularly advantageously in combination with sulfur-containing reducing agents, in particular sodium bisulfite, as the redox initiator system.
• sulfur-containing reducing agents in particular sodium bisulfite
• copolymers are obtained which contain -S0 3 ⁇ Na + and / or -S0 ⁇ Na + as end groups and are notable for particular cleaning power and deposit-inhibiting action.
• starter / regulator systems containing phosphorus can also be used, e.g. Hypophosphites / phosphinates.
• the quantities of photoinitiator and starter / regulator system must be matched to the substances used. If, for example, the preferred system peroxodisulfate / hydrogen sulfite is used, 2 to 6% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight, peroxodisulfate and usually 5 to 30% by weight, preferably 5 to 10% by weight, are usually used. %, Hydrogen sulfite, based in each case on the monomers (a), (b) and (c).
• polymerization regulators can also be used.
• the compounds known to the person skilled in the art are suitable, for example sulfur compounds, such as mercaptoethanol, 2-ethylhexylthio glycolate, thioglycolic acid and dodecyl mercaptan.
• sulfur compounds such as mercaptoethanol, 2-ethylhexylthio glycolate, thioglycolic acid and dodecyl mercaptan.
• the amount used is generally 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 5% by weight and particularly preferably 0.1 to 2.5% by weight, based on the monomers (a), (b) and (c).
• the polymerization temperature is generally 30 to 200 ° C, preferably 50 to 150 ° C and particularly preferably 80 to 120 ° C.
• the polymerization can be carried out under atmospheric pressure, but is preferably carried out in a closed system under the self-developing pressure.
• the monomers (a), (b) and (c) can be used as such, but it is also possible to use reaction mixtures which are used in the preparation, e.g. of the monomers (b) or (c).
• reaction mixtures which are used in the preparation e.g. of the monomers (b) or (c).
• the monomers (b) or (c) instead of 2-sulfoethyl methacrylate, the monomer mixture obtained in the esterification of 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid with an excess of methacrylic acid can be used.
• methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate the monomer mixture obtained in the etherification of methoxypolyethylene glycol with an excess of methacrylic acid can be used. It is also e.g.
• the aqueous solutions obtained in the preparation of the copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups to be used according to the invention can be neutralized or partially neutralized by adding base, in particular sodium hydroxide solution, i.e. adjusted to a pH in the range of about 4-8, preferably 4.5-7.5.
• copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups used according to the invention are outstandingly suitable as additives for detergents and cleaning agents.
• the copolymers used according to the invention thereby also increase the cleaning power of the dishwashing detergent. In addition, they promote the drainage of the water from the wash items even in low concentrations, so that the proportion of rinse aid surfactants in the dishwashing detergent can be reduced.
• copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups are used, in particular also when the dishwasher is operated without water regeneration salt for water softening.
• the copolymers containing sulfonic acid groups can therefore be used advantageously not only in 2inl cleaners but also in 3inl cleaners.
• copolymers used according to the invention can be used directly in the form of the aqueous solutions obtained in the preparation and also in dried, e.g. form obtained by spray drying, fluidized spray drying, roller drying or freeze drying. Accordingly, the detergents and cleaning agents according to the invention can be in solid or liquid form, e.g. be provided as powders, granules, extrudates, tablets, liquids or gels.
• MPEGMA methoxypolyethylene glycol methacrylate
• SEMA 2-sulfoethyl methacrylic acid sodium salt
• Dishwasher Miele G 686 SC rinses: 2 rinses 55 ° C normal (without pre-rinsing) dishes: knives (WMF table knife Berlin, monoblock) and barrel-shaped glass beakers (Matador, Ruhr Kristall)
• Dishwashing liquid 21 g copolymer: 4.2 g
• Rinse aid temperature 65 ° C
• Water hardness 25 ° dH
• the items to be washed were assessed 18 hours after cleaning by visual inspection in a black-painted light box with a halogen spot and pinhole using a grading scale from 10 (very good) to 1 (very bad).
• the highest grade 10 corresponds to surfaces free of deposits and drips, from scores ⁇ 5 deposits and drops are already recognizable with normal room lighting, so they are perceived as disturbing.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Detergent Compositions (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
• Macromonomer-Based Addition Polymer (AREA)
• Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)

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• 2002
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