EP1508545B1 - Elevator system with load-related cable hitch - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to an elevator installation with a tilting device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a tilting device according to the preamble of claim 11.

There are various elevator systems which have an even number of support means, for example flat or V-ribbed belts, for carrying and driving the elevator car. Typically, the support means are fixed in the region of a counterweight, carry a counterweight, are deflected on an upper (drive) disc and then run in the form of a loop under the elevator car and are fixed to the other side of the elevator car. This fixation is also referred to as the vehicle-side suspension element fixing points, whereas the fixation in the region of the counterweight is referred to as the counterweight-side suspension element fixing point.

There are various ways to carry out this cab-side suspension fix points. Five examples are in the Figures 1A to 1E are shown in schematic form and are discussed briefly below.

It is sometimes proposed to provide the cabin-side suspension element fixing points on a guide rail 5, which serves for the vertical guidance of an elevator car. This type of attachment loads the guide rail 5 and leads to a bending moment acting on the rail 5.

In Fig. 1A a variant is shown in which the cabin-side suspension element fixed point 1 asymmetric on the Guide rail 5 is fixed. The suspension means (not in the Fig. 1A to 1E shown), pull with a force F1 on the suspension element fixed point 1. This results in a bending moment acting on the guide rail 5.

In Fig. 1B a variant is shown in which a cab-side support means fixed point 2 is provided which is supported on the one hand on the guide rail 5 and on the other hand at a point 2.1 against a shaft wall. An advantage of this variant is the bending moment-free introduction of force in the rail 5, disadvantageous, however, is the fact that it can lead to a slanted position in a reduction of the elevator shaft, or in temperature-induced expansions of the rail 5. In addition, the wall of the elevator shaft is loaded by the type of suspension shown.

In Fig. 1C a variant is shown in which a cab-side support means fixed point 3 is provided, which is supported on a shaft wall, without being in contact with the guide rail 5. This type of suspension leads to a high wall load.

The suspension element fixing point 4 can also be supported on one side on a guide rail 5 and on the other side in a wall niche 7 of the elevator shaft 6, as in FIG Fig. 1D shown. The support in the wall niche 7 is form-fitting. An advantage of this variant is the bending moment-free introduction of force in the rail 5, disadvantageous, however, is the fact that it can lead to a slanted position in a reduction of the elevator shaft, or in temperature-induced expansions of the rail 5. In addition, the wall of the elevator shaft is loaded by the type of suspension shown.

According to Fig. 1E can the support means fixed point 8 be mounted on both sides in wall niches 7 of the elevator shaft 6. There is no load on the guide rail 5, but the entire load must be carried through the walls of the shaft 6.

Out EP 1 123 891 A2 Embodiments of Tragmittelfixpunkten lifts are known, which comprise per support means strand a one- or two-armed lever which is pivotally mounted about a fixed to a support structure horizontal axis and aligned horizontally. The lever carries at one end the support means and is held by a force acting on the same lever arm or optionally on the second lever arm elastic element resiliently against the tensile force of the support means in approximately horizontal position.

These support means fixed points have the advantage that they only slightly burden the support structure on bending and that they can compensate for different loads in parallel suspension element strands thanks to the elastic element something.

However, a disadvantage of this embodiment of the support means fixing points is that the different large compensating movements of the levers and the elastic elements required as a result of different elongation of the suspension elements arranged in parallel cause different spring forces. This has the consequence that the parallel arranged suspension means are loaded by different proportions of the total load.

It is now the task of providing a support means fixed point for elevator systems, which have paired suspension means, the disadvantages of previous solutions should be avoided or reduced.

The solution of this object is achieved according to the invention by an elevator system with the features of the characterizing part of claim 1 and a luffing device with the features of the characterizing part of claim 11.

Preferred developments of the elevator system according to the invention are defined by the dependent claims 2 to 10, and further developments of the inventive rocker device by the dependent claims 12 and 13.

It is an advantage of the invention that the force is introduced centrally from the support means into the guide rail. As a result, bending moments are avoided. Another advantage is the fact that it requires no support or fixation of the support means on a wall of a hoistway. The invention is therefore particularly well suited for elevator systems that do not require elevator shaft in the conventional sense.

An additional advantage of the invention is the fact that a length compensation between the individual support means is made by the luffing device, since the luffing device has a self-balancing effect on the support means.

The luffing device, according to the invention, requires no support or fixation on one of the walls of a hoistway.

The luffing device, according to the invention, allows a compensation, if the suspension means have smaller differences in length, if the design should have smaller overall asymmetries, or if it should come in the course of time to a different elongation of the support means.

Depending on the embodiment, a reaction - for example an emergency stop - can be triggered via the luffing device in case of uneven loading, or if one of the suspension elements should break.

Fig. 1A bis 1E

verschiedene Varianten bekannter Aufhängungen für ein Tragmittel;

Fig. 2

eine schematische Ansicht einer ersten Aufzugsanlage gemäss Erfindung;

Fig. 3

eine schematische Schnittansicht einer weiteren Aufzugsanlage gemäss Erfindung;

Fig. 4

Details einer Wippvorrichtung gemäss Erfindung;

Fig. 5

eine Schnittdarstellung einer Wippvorrichtung gemäss Erfindung;

Fig. 6

eine schematische Ansicht einer Wippvorrichtung mit Begrenzungsvorrichtung, gemäss Erfindung;

Fig. 7

eine schematische Ansicht einer Wippvorrichtung für 4 Tragmittel, gemäss Erfindung.

The invention is described in detail below with reference to embodiments illustrated in the drawings.
Show it

Fig. 1A to 1E

various variants of known suspensions for a suspension element;

Fig. 2

a schematic view of a first elevator installation according to the invention;

Fig. 3

a schematic sectional view of another elevator installation according to the invention;

Fig. 4

Details of a luffing device according to the invention;

Fig. 5

a sectional view of a rocking device according to the invention;

Fig. 6

a schematic view of a rocker device with limiting device, according to the invention;

Fig. 7

a schematic view of a luffing device for 4 suspension means, according to the invention.

Detailed description:

A first embodiment of an elevator installation according to the invention is shown in FIG Fig. 2 shown in a schematic perspective view. In this figure, a machine room-less elevator system 20 is shown, which may comprise a lift shaft or "boxless" running.

The present invention relates to a machine room-less elevator installation 20, which comprises an elevator cage 13 and at least one first guide rail 15 for vertical guidance of the elevator cage 13. The first guide rail 15 is in Fig. 2 only shown by a dashed line. There are two support means 22 are provided, which are substantially parallel to each other. In the following description and in the figures, the front suspension means 22.1 and the rear suspension means 22.2, where this is necessary for better distinction. At the cabin-side end of the support means 22, the same are fixed in the region of the first suspension element fixing points 29 via a luffing device 30 on the guide rail 15. Each of the support means 22.1 and 22.2 undermines the elevator car 13, wraps around a traction sheave 12, in front of a drive (not in Fig. 2 visible), and carries a counterweight 18. In the example shown, the support means 22 carries the counterweight 18 in that the support means 22 revolve around counterweight rollers 21 and are fixed at the counterweight end in the region of second support means 28 fixed points. The looping of the elevator car 13 takes place in the embodiment shown with Kabinentragrollen 17.1 and guide rollers 17.2, which are each designed in pairs.

The said rocking device 30 has two arms and is in Fig. 2 only indicated schematically. It is mechanically fastened to the guide rail 15 such that a rocking movement of the luffing device 30 about an axis is possible, which runs essentially perpendicular to the guide rail 15. At each of the two arms of the rocker 30 each one of the support means fixed points is provided. The luffing device 30 allows for uneven loading of the two support means 22.1 and 22.2 a rocking movement by a length compensation is carried out automatically. If there is a suspension element breakage of one of the suspension elements, the rocker device 30 is suddenly loaded asymmetrically, which causes a rocking movement of the rocker device 30 in one direction. This rocking movement can be detected either by means of a push button or a non-contact switch to interrupt the driving operation of the elevator system, or the rocking device 30 can mechanically engage in a speed limiter to trigger a braking. It can also be triggered alternatively or additionally a warning signal. Further details will be described later.

Details of a similar embodiment are the Fig. 3 refer to. In this figure, a machine roomless elevator system 20 is shown. By the reference numeral 11 is a

Lift shaft characterized in that a drive 10 with traction sheave (s) 12, the elevator car 13 via a paired support means 22 moves up and down. The drive 10 together with traction sheave (s) 12 sits laterally above the elevator car 13 on one of the guide rails 15, which is arranged to the left of the elevator car 13. A further guide rail 15 is located to the right of the elevator car 13. Guide shoes 14 are provided on the elevator car 13 in order to guide the elevator car 13 vertically along the two guide rails 15.

Below the cabin floor 16 of the elevator car 13, two pairs of car support rollers 17.1 are mounted, via which the carrying and acceleration forces are transmitted to the elevator car 13. Laterally of the elevator car 13, the counterweight 18 is arranged. It is guided by means of counterweight guide shoes 19 along two counterweight guide rails 18.1. The counterweight 18 is carried by the support means 22 which revolve around counterweight support rollers 21. The counterweight 18 thus depends on the same suspension element pair 22 as the elevator car thirteenth

The drive 10 has an acting on a traction sheave shaft 25 drive shaft 24 which is aligned parallel to the counterweight side wall 13.1 of the elevator car 13 and carries at least one traction sheave 26. The drive 10 and the traction sheave shaft 25 with at least one traction sheave 12 are mounted on a machine carrier 23, which is supported on the two counterweight guide rails 18.1 and is mechanically connected thereto. It is also possible to mount the drive 10 and the said elements on or on the guide rail 15, which is arranged to the left of the elevator car 13. Alternatively, drive 10 and the aforementioned elements may be on the counterweight guide rails 18.1 and the guide rails 15 to be supported.

In the region of the drive 10, a brake unit 27 may be arranged, which enables a braking of the elevator car 13. The brake unit 27 is in Fig. 3 indicated only by dashed lines, since it sits behind the drive 10.

At the in Fig. 3 In the embodiment shown, the counterweight-side suspension element fixing points 28 of the suspension elements 22 are fastened in the region below the machine carrier 23. Preferably, this attachment by means of screws via which the position of the support means end can be adjusted individually. Thus, an adjustment can be made, which allows the rocker 30 in a predefined position, for example to bring a horizontal position.

According to the invention, the two support means 22 (22.1 and 22.2) are substantially parallel to each other. From the counterweight-side suspension element fixing points 28, the suspension elements 22 extend downwards, partially around the counterweight support rollers 21, and are guided further up the elevator shaft 11 around the traction sheave (s) 26. From there, the support means 22 run along the left side wall 13.1 of the elevator car 13 downwards and are then at least partially guided around the Kabinentragrollen 17.1 around. This type of suspension is called underling. On the right side of the elevator car 13, the suspension elements 22 are guided upwards, where each of the suspension elements 22 is fastened to an arm of a luffing device 30 in the area of the cabin-side suspension element fixing points 29.

The term suspension means is to be understood as synonymous with any type of ropes and means suitable for carrying and moving the elevator car 13 and the counterweight 18. Preferably, the support means are flat or V-ribbed belts. It can be used in connection with the invention but also steel or plastic ropes with a round cross section as a support means.

In Fig. 4 a special embodiment of the inventive rocking device 30 is shown. The rocker device 30 comprises a first arm 30.1 and a second arm 30.2. These arms 30.1 and 30.2 are preferably but not necessarily symmetrically arranged with respect to a rotation axis 30.3, which in the example shown extends perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. The axis of rotation 30.3 is mounted on or on the guide rail 15. Each of the two arms 30.1 and 30.2 has fastening points 30.4 and 30.5, which serve for fastening the suspension elements 22.1 and 22.2. It is only important that the attachment points 30.4 and 30.5 are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axis of rotation 30.3. In the example shown, the attachment of the support means 22.1 and 22.2 by means of round rods 31.1, 31.2, which are designed in the upper part as eyelets 31.3, 31.4. The eyelets 31.3, 31.4 sit on axles 30.7, 30.8, or the like. There are clamping or screw 22.3 and 22.4 are provided which receive the ends of flat or V-ribbed belts 22.1, 22.2 and fix. In the embodiment shown, the support means are V-ribbed belts 22.1, 22.2, as can be seen from the parallel lines which are intended to represent the ribs of the belts. The round rods 31.1, 31.2 can be designed as threaded spindles in order to be able to adjust the position of the arms of the rocker device 30 by rotating the round rods 31.1, 31.2.

Characterized in that the luffing device 30 is arranged on or on the guide rail 15, a part of the load, which is supported by the support means 22.1, and 22.2 is introduced into the guide rail 15. The guide rail 15 must therefore apply a counterforce F, but runs centrally in the guide rail 15 and generates no undesirable torques in the x-y plane or in the y-z plane, which act on the guide rail 15. Due to the ideal as frictionless running luffing device 30, support means forces are always evenly distributed to the support means 22.1, and 22.2. An inclination of the luffing device 30 may arise because the support means have 22.1, and 22.2 have different lengths, or in that it has come to the installation to asymmetries.

In Fig. 4 the luffing device 30 is also shown in a position which it occupies when the support means 22.1 is shorter than the support means 22.2. This position of the rocking device 30 is shown by dashed lines. Due to the unequal length of the support means 22.1, and 22.2, there is a rocking motion about the axis 30.3, which can be quantified by the angle ß. An abutment 36 for the arms of the luffing device 30 can optionally be provided on the guide rail 15.

On the side of the luffing device 30, an optional device 32 is shown, which switches off the elevator installation 20 and / or brakes the elevator car (13) and / or triggers a warning signal in the event of a rocking movement that exceeds a limit value. This device 32 is referred to herein for simplicity as a limiting device. It may, for example, be a button that electrically conductively connects two contacts, as long as the rocker device 30 is in an angular range that is smaller than ± ß. If the luffing device 30 releases the angle range .beta. Up or down, for example as a result of different carrier fluid or if a suspension element breaks, the pushbutton interrupts the electrically conductive connection. For example, the button can be part of the safety circuit that is usually present in elevator systems.

Instead of a button, a non-contact switch can also be used. In a preferred embodiment, an inclination sensor or inclination switch is used, which is arranged in the region of the rocker device 30 such that a reaction is triggered when excessive deflection of the rocker device 30 occurs.

In Fig. 5 a section is shown which extends through an inventive rocking device 30 and guide rail 15. The Fig. 5 serves to explain the geometric arrangement of a preferred embodiment. Preferably, the luffing device 30 is arranged and designed so that it is supported on the centroid P of the guide rail 15 so that a connecting line X between two support means extends through this centroid. The distance a of the two axes 30.7 and 30.8, which symbolize the force application positions of the support means, from the point P is the same for both arms 30.1 and 30.2. The two axes 30.7 and 30.8 are in Fig. 5 indicated by dashed lines.
The connection of the support means with the arms of the rocking device is designed according to the invention so that it allows at least small rotational movements. This is necessary because the support means are each directed vertically downwards, but the luffing device of the different support medium elongation can perform appropriate rocking movements. As in Fig. 4 shown, the rotational movement can be achieved by the attachment of the support means to the arms 30.1, 30.2 of the luffing device 30 by means of eyelets 31.3, 31.4 and axes 30.7, 30.8 is executed. Instead of the eyelets, but secondary rockers can also be provided, which are connected via axes with the arms 30.1, 30.2 of the luffing device. These secondary rockers can perform small rocking movements with respect to the rocker. Another embodiment is characterized in that the rods 31.1, 31.2 are flexible and connected at their upper ends in the region of the eyelets fixed to the arms of the Wippvorrichtung. The flexibility of the rods 31.1, 31.2 gives the necessary freedom of movement.

In Fig. 6 a schematic arrangement is shown which, similar to the limiting device 32 triggers a reaction when the rocking movement exceeds a limit. If the deflection of the arms of the luffing device 40 by large differences in length of the support means 42.1, 42.2 or due to a Tragmittelbruchs exceeds a certain limit, the blocking pendulum 47 of a pendulum speed limiter 43 of known type is forced into blocking position by the arm 41.
Such speed limiters 43 are used to limit the speed of elevator cars. Here, a closed rope 44, namely a so-called speed limiter rope is used as auxiliary rope. This speed limiter cable 44 runs around a cable pulley 45 of the speed limiter 43 mounted in the elevator shaft at the top and around a tension pulley (not in FIG Fig. 6 shown). The speed governor cable 44 is connected to the elevator car via a catcher trip lever 46, which not in Fig. 6 is shown. If the speed of the elevator car exceeds a certain limit speed, then the pulley 45 of the speed limiter 43 and with it the speed limiter cable 44 are blocked by the blocking pendulum 47, whereby the braked speed limiter cable 44 actuates the safety gear release lever 46 moving with the moving elevator car so that triggers a mounted on the elevator car safety device triggers.

Analogous to the procedure described in case of high speeds, the safety gear can be triggered when the deflection of the arms of the rocker 40 by large differences in length of the support means 42.1, 42.2 or due to a Tragmittelbruchs exceeds a certain limit. The arm 41 of the rocker 40 actuates either directly or via a lever 50, the blocking pendulum 47 and thereby causes the above-described blocking of the speed limiter 43 and the triggering of the safety brake.
As in Fig. 6 shown, the rocker device 40 is supported on the guide rail 48. The speed limiter 43 can be carried by the guide rail 48 via a mechanical connection 49.

The limiting device 32 (FIG. Fig. 4 ) can also electrically, for example via a solenoid, the speed limiter according to Fig. 6 trigger.

In a further embodiment, the luffing device 30 is mounted so that its rocking movements are slightly damped. Thus, short load fluctuations, for example due to vibrations of the elevator car 13, can be damped. Additionally or alternatively, means may be provided which as
Stop for the luffing device 30; 40 serve. In Fig. 6 For this purpose serving adjustable stop screws 60 are shown.

Embodiments with 4, 6 or more support means 52.1 - 52.4 can be designed so that in each case two of the support means 52.1, 52.2 and 52.3, 52.4 are mounted in pairs on a rocker 55.1 and 55.2. Two such rockers 55.1 and 55.2 are in turn suspended together on a parent rocker 55.3, as shown schematically in FIG Fig. 7 shown. The entire rocking device is in turn supported on the guide rail 51.

Another embodiment is characterized in that the support means are also mounted on the counterweight side of the local guide rail.

Claims (13)

1. Lift installation (20) comprising

   - a lift cage (13),

   - a guide rail (15; 48; 51), which is present on a first side of the lift cage, for vertical guidance of the lift cage (13) and

   - several support means (22; 42.1, 42.2; 52.1 to 52.4), which extend parallel to one another and support a counterweight (18) installed on the first side of the lift cage (13) or the side opposite to the first side and which underloop the lift cage (13), wherein each of the support means (22; 42.1, 42.2; 52.1 to 52.4) is fastened by one end on the first side and by the other end on the opposite side of the lift cage at support means fixing points (28, 29) respectively present there,
   characterised in that a rocker device (30; 40) with two arms (30.1, 30.2) is fastened to the guide rail (15; 48; 51) which is so constructed that a rocking movement of the arms (30.1, 30.2) is possible, wherein a support means fixing point (29) associated with the first side of the lift cage is provided at each of the two arms (30.1, 30.2) and the rocker device (30; 40) by the rocking movement prevents unequal loading of the two support means (22; 42.1, 42.2; 52.1 to 52.4).
2. Lift installation (20) according to claim 1, characterised in that a second guide rail (15) for vertical guidance of the lift cage (13) is present, which preferably supports a drive (10) laterally arranged above the lift cage (13).
3. Lift installation (20) according to claim 2, characterised in that the support means (22.1, 22.2; 42.1, 42.2; 52.1 to 52.4) are designed to be substantially symmetrical with respect to a plane extending between the first and second guide rail (15; 48; 51).
4. Lift installation (20) according to claim 2, characterised in that flat belts or wedge-rib belts serve as support means (22; 42.1, 42.2; 52.1 to 52.4), wherein the support means support the lift cage (13) in the form of a 2:1 underlooping.
5. Lift installation (20) according to claim 2, characterised in that an even-numbered total number of support means (22; 42.1, 42.2; 52.1 to 52.4) is used, wherein half the total number of support means (22; 42.1, 42.2; 52.1 to 52.4) is arranged on one side and the other half of the total number of support means (22; 42.1, 42.2; 52.1 to 52.4) is arranged on the other side of the first and second guide rail (15; 48; 51).
6. Lift installation (20) according to claim 1, characterised in that the counterweight (18) is laterally guided at the lift cage (13) by two counterweight guide rails (18.1).
7. Lift installation (20) according to claim 1, characterised in that an abutment (36) is provided in order to mechanically limit the rocking movement.
8. Lift installation (20) according to one of claims 2, 3 and 4, characterised in that the rocker device (30; 40) is supported in such a manner on or at an upper end of the first guide rail (15; 48; 51) that vertically downwardly directed tension forces (F1, F2) acting by way of the support means (22.1, 22.2) on the rocker device (30; 40) are introduced into the first guide rail (15; 48; 51) in the region of the centre (P) of area of the cross-section thereof.
9. Lift installation (20) according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterised in that the rocker device (30; 40) is connected with a limiting device (32; 41) which shuts down the drive (10) of the lift installation (20) and/or brakes the lift cage (13) and/or triggers a warning signal in the case of a rocking movement going beyond a limit value.
10. Lift installation (20) according to claim 9, characterised in that the limiting device (41) mechanically or electrically interacts with a speed limiter (43) of the lift installation (20) in order to brake the lift cage (13) by way of a safety braking device (44, 46).
11. Rocker device (30; 40) which is designed for the purpose of being used in a lift installation (20) comprising

    - a lift cage (13),

    - at least one first guide rail (15; 48; 51), which is arranged on a first side of the lift cage, for vertical guidance of the lift cage (13) and

    - several support means (22; 42.1, 42.2; 52.1 to 52.4), which extend parallel to one another and support a counterweight (18) installed on the first side of the lift cage (13) and which underloop the lift cage (13), wherein each of the support means (22; 42.1, 42.2; 52.1 to 52.4) is fastened by one end on the first side and by the other end on the opposite side of the lift cage at support means fixing points (28, 29) respectively present there,
    characterised in that the rocker device is provided for mounting at or on the guide rail (15; 48; 51) and has two arms (30.1, 30.2) having fastening means (22.3, 22.4, 30.7, 30.8, 31.1, 31.2, 31.3, 31.4) for movable fastening of a support means (22.1, 22.2), which receive and fix the end of the support means (22.1, 22.2), and wherein the fastening means (22.3, 22.4, 30.7, 30.8, 31.1, 31.2, 31.3, 31.4) are arranged symmetrically with respect to an axis (30.3) of rotation.
12. Rocker device (30; 40) according to claim 11, characterised in that it comprises a limiting device (41) which can be mechanically or electrically coupled with a speed limiter (43) in order to shut down a drive (10) of the lift installation (20) and/or brake the lift cage (13) in case the rocker device (40) makes a rocking movement going beyond a limit value.
13. Rocker device (30; 40) according to claim 11, characterised in that the fastening means comprise clamping or screw devices (22.3, 22.4).

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