EP3124422A1 - Lift system with uneven load distribution across multiple load-bearing devices fixed to a load-bearing device suspension system - Google Patents

Abstract

An elevator system (1) is described, which has a carrier structure (25), an elevator car (7), a plurality of suspension elements (5a, 5b, 5c) and a suspension device suspension device (3). The suspension elements (5a, 5b, 5c) are configured in this way and the suspension elements (5a, 5b, 5c) hold the elevator cage (7) via the suspension device suspension device (3) on the support structure (25). 5b, 5c) forces (F 1, F 2, F 3) differ from each other. For this purpose, the suspension device suspension device (3) can be equipped with an asymmetric rocker device (31) and / or different hard spring elements (37a, 37b, 37c). As a result of this, it is possible to have different forces (F 1, F 2, F 3) acting on the various suspension elements (5 a, 5 b, 5 c), so that these suspension elements wear out at different speeds. In this way, a risk of simultaneous failure of several suspension means can be reduced.

Description

The present invention relates to an elevator installation. In particular, the invention relates to a way in which suspension means such as ropes or belts, for example, hold an elevator car and / or a counterweight and can be attached to a support structure or elevator car.

Elevator systems are typically used to carry persons or loads in the vertical direction, for example between floors of a building. For this purpose, an elevator car is regularly provided, which by means of a drive unit, e.g. within an elevator shaft along one or more guide rails can be moved. For this purpose, the elevator car is typically connected to the drive unit via suspension elements, so that the drive unit can move the elevator car held thereon by moving the suspension elements.

In a frequently used type of elevator, the drive unit has, for example, an electric motor which drives a traction sheave, which in turn drives the suspension element in the form of a belt or rope running over the traction sheave, whereby the elevator car held on the suspension means is moved. Frequently, a counterweight is additionally provided in the elevator system, which is held at or near an opposite end of the suspension element.

In modern elevator systems, a plurality of support means are usually provided for safety reasons or for reasons of suitable load distribution in order to be able to hold and move the elevator car and / or the counterweight. In this case, ends of the suspension elements are usually attached to a support structure of the elevator installation. Between these ends the suspension means hold the elevator car and / or the counterweight by e.g. slip underneath the entire component or be wrapped around attached deflecting discs. Alternatively, the suspension elements may also be fastened with their ends to the elevator car and / or the counterweight and may be held in a looping manner in intermediate areas on one or more deflection rollers fastened to the support structure.

The support means and an attachment of the support means to the support structure of the elevator system or to the elevator car and / or the counterweight should meet several requirements.

On the one hand, the suspension means and their attachment should be able to safely and reliably hold a force necessary to support the elevator car and / or the counterweight in the long term, and ultimately transfer this force to the support structure of the elevator installation. For this purpose, the support means as well as the attachment should be designed mechanically stable and resistant to damage occurring maximum damage and wear as little as possible and transferred to the support structure can.

On the other hand, the support means and their attachment should also be designed to tolerate changes in how they can occur during the operation of the elevator system within the elevator system, or compensate. For example, during the operation of the elevator installation, forces may be applied to the suspension elements causing them to change their overall length, or e.g. Part lengths of a located in front of a traction sheave and located behind a traction sheave portion of a support means change. Furthermore, temperature fluctuations can occur, which among other things can lead to changes in the lengths of the suspension elements. Also, different mechanical stresses or different mechanical interpretations of the support means can cause individual or multiple support means change in length over time. The support means and their attachment should be able to provide despite such changes in length of support means for their reliable function and their reliable attachment to the support structure of the elevator system.

In the EP 1 508 545 A1 a Tragmittelaufhängvorrichtung is described, which is designed for fastening a plurality of support means on a guide rail of an elevator system.

There may be a need for an elevator system with support means and a suspension means suspension device which has been advantageously developed with respect to previously known elevator systems. For example, there may be a need to further improve a safety with which an elevator car and / or a counterweight of an elevator system can be held by suspension elements, and / or a safety of an attachment of suspension elements in the elevator system while tolerating, for example, length changes in the suspension elements to be able to compensate.

Such needs can be met with the subject matter of the independent claim defined herein. Advantageous embodiments are defined inter alia in the dependent claims.

According to a first aspect of the invention, an elevator installation is proposed which has a support structure, an elevator car, a plurality of suspension elements and a suspension device suspension device. In this case, the support means are designed in such a way and the suspension means hold the elevator car in such a way on the suspension means suspension device on the support structure, that forces acting on the support means differ from each other.

Ideas for embodiments of the elevator installation according to the invention can be considered, inter alia, as being based on the thoughts and findings described below.

In order to ensure a security of an elevator system, a plurality of support means are generally provided in the elevator system in order to jointly hold the elevator car and / or the counterweight. In this way, a redundancy can be created so that, for example, in the event of failure of a suspension means, the remaining suspension means or the remaining support means can continue to hold the elevator car and / or the counterweight safely, so as to prevent a crash.

Among other things, it is considered that in the event that a support means fails, a jerk on the remaining support means is exercised and they are therefore exposed for a short time a particularly high force. Each of the suspension means is initially designed to withstand a multiple of the actual forces acting on the suspension means in the intended operation, without failing, i. without breaking or breaking, for example.

However, a maximum payload of a support means decreases over time since the support means e.g. subject to age-related wear. In particular, towards the end of a lifetime of a support means, this may no longer be able to withstand jerkily increased forces in the failure of an adjacent support means.

If all the suspension elements used in an elevator system for carrying an elevator car and / or a counterweight approach the end of their service life at the same time, safety against crashes can no longer be completely guaranteed. Conventionally, therefore, suspension elements had to be replaced sufficiently before reaching this end of service life. This resulted in significant costs.

It has now been recognized that age-related wear of suspension elements is strongly promoted by a load to be held by the respective suspension element. The higher the load on the suspension element, ie the higher a force to be held by the suspension element, the faster it wears.

From this, the idea arose to load the different suspension elements of an elevator system differently. In this way it can be achieved that a particularly heavily loaded suspension means reaches the end of its life much earlier than a weaker loaded adjacent suspension means. If the heavily loaded suspension means fail, the weaker loaded and thus only slightly worn adjacent support means can take its load and even take the most inevitable jerk, i. the force peak, which occurs in the failure of the heavily loaded suspension element, withstand.

Overall, this can be increased security of the elevator system. In addition, the individual suspension elements of the elevator installation can be used longer, if necessary, i. remain in use until closer to their end of life, without this would unduly jeopardize the safety of the elevator system.

Estimates show that even a slightly different load on two suspension elements holding a lift cage can lead to a significant reduction in the risk that both suspension elements fail at the same time.

For example, a risk of total failure with two suspension elements can be reduced by a factor of approximately 100 if a load difference of only 15% exists between the two suspension elements. In practice, it is assumed that even a load difference of only 5% between suspension elements of an elevator system leads to a considerable increase in the safety of the elevator system.

The higher this case an initial load difference is designed, the higher is a probability that a sufficiently different load distribution is maintained during the life of the support means, for example, despite any occurring length changes of the support means, and the lower the risk of complete failure of the suspension means of the elevator system ,

Since the forces acting on the support means on the one hand depend on a way in which they hold the car, and on the other hand from a way how they are attached to the support structure or to the elevator car via the suspension means suspension device, it is therefore proposed to design the suspension elements in such a way and to allow the suspension means to hold the elevator car on the support structure via the suspension device so that forces acting on the suspension elements differ relative to one another between the suspension elements. In other words, a way in which the suspension means hold the elevator car and how the suspension elements are fastened to the support structure or the elevator car is to be adapted such that, during proper operation of the elevator system, the individual suspension means acting forces are clearly different from each other.

In principle, such a deliberately caused uneven load distribution within several support means of an elevator system can already be substantially influenced by a suitable design of the suspension means and their attachment to the elevator car or to the support structure. For example, if one of the support means is shorter than an adjacent support means, this support means will experience a higher load with otherwise identical suspension to the elevator car and the support structure.

However, e.g. Changing the length ratios of suspension elements within an elevator installation over time. For example, different mechanical loads on support means can cause them to lengthen differently in length as a result of wear. In elevator systems in which the support means are driven by means of a traction sheave also minor variations within a diameter of the traction sheave cause the adjacent support means are driven differently, which can lead to a different feed adjacent support means and thus to a difference in length between them , Also, for example, material and / or manufacturing tolerances can lead to different changes in length with adjacent support means.

In order to ensure that a load difference between adjacent support means of an elevator installation is not only initially, e.g. directly after installation exceeds a desired level, but this load difference also permanently, i. as long as possible over the life of the support means, it may thus be regularly not sufficient to initially interpret only the support means correctly, but it should also be ensured that the initially configured load distribution between the support means is maintained.

For this purpose, it may be advantageous to select the manner in which the suspension elements are attached to the support structure or to the elevator car via the suspension element suspension device. In particular, this manner should be chosen such that it still remains at a substantially uniform non-uniform load distribution between the support means, even with different changes in length in the adjacent suspension means.

According to one embodiment, the forces on the suspension elements between the suspension elements differ by at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, at least 15% or at least 20%, relative to one another.

According to one embodiment, the suspension element suspension device has a rocker device, in which at least one retaining arm is held pivotable about a fastening arrangement and two of the suspension elements transmit the forces caused to them to the retaining arm respectively at holding points opposite to the fastening arrangement. Respective distances of the holding points from the mounting arrangement should differ from each other by at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, at least 15% or at least 20%.

Such a rocking device may be configured similar to the rocker device shown in FIG EP 1 508 545 A1 has been described. However, in the EP 1 508 545 A1 It is assumed that holding arms of the luffing device are designed in such a way that carrying means, which are attached to opposite holding points of a holding arm, each carry the same loads.

In contrast, it is now proposed, asymmetrically designed a support arm of the rocker device or at least the breakpoints where the support means attached to opposite end portions of the support arm. In particular, one of the holding points should be arranged at least 5% closer to the fastening arrangement forming a pivot axis of the holding arm than a different holding point arranged oppositely with respect to this mounting arrangement.

Because of the different leverage ratios and the fact that the torques exerted by suspension elements on a common lever arm must compensate each other in equilibrium, it can be achieved that the suspension elements automatically hold different loads. A difference in the loads held corresponds to a difference in the levers with which attack the loads held by the support means at the holding points on the support arm.

In other words, by means of an asymmetric introduction of force from two suspension elements attached to a support arm, an asymmetrical distribution of forces between these suspension elements can be forcibly effected. A degree of asymmetry depends on the difference between the lengths of the two lever arms, with which attack the support means on the support arm.

The asymmetrical distribution of forces is maintained in particular even if one or more of the support means held on the support arm changes its length, ie lengthens or stretches, because then pivoting of the support arm occurs until the asymmetrical distribution of forces is restored.

According to one embodiment, the elevator installation has at least three suspension elements, wherein the luffing device is configured in at least two stages and a secondary support arm is pivotally attached to one of the support points of the support arm via a secondary attachment arrangement and two of the support means act on the forces caused to them respectively at secondary support points opposite to the secondary attachment arrangement transmit the secondary arm.

In other words, two of the at least three support means should be attached to an additional support arm, which is itself pivotally mounted on the (main) support arm. It can then be effected both an equilibrium of forces between the supported on the Nebenhaltearm support means as well as between the sum of the forces caused by these support means and the attached by an opposite to the (main) arm further support means.

In this embodiment, it may be particularly advantageous if respective distances of the secondary holding points from the secondary fastening arrangement differ from one another by at least 5%, preferably at least 10%, at least 15% or at least 20%.

In other words, a load asymmetry should also be set in the support means held on the secondary fastening arrangement. As a result, a security for the entire elevator system can be further increased.

The lever ratios on the holding arm and on the secondary holding arm can in particular be adjusted such that a force acting on the suspension element in the elevator system acts so unevenly distributed on the support means that sets at least a difference in forces of 5% between any two of the support means. Wear levels can thus be so different at the various support means that a least worn support means with very high probability the load of at least one adjacent support means, possibly also of two adjacent support means, can take over, if it comes to a failure of one or two support means.

According to one embodiment, the suspension element suspension device has spring elements. Each support means transmits a force applied to the support means via one of the spring elements on the support structure.

The spring element can thus transmit the forces caused by the suspension means elastically sprung on the support structure. As a result, inter alia force peaks can be mitigated on the support means. For example, a jolt caused by a failure of one of the suspension means can be mitigated, thereby possibly preventing a jerk associated force peak on an adjacent suspension this also brings to failure.

The spring element can be provided in various forms. For example, the spring element may be a spiral or coil spring. But the spring element can also be different, for example, as a coil spring, leaf spring, etc., be formed. The spring element can be arranged under pressure or tension in the elevator system. The spring element can in particular be designed to withstand the forces typically occurring in an elevator installation, for example up to several kN. Advantageously, the spring element should be designed such that it is still within its elastically resilient region even at maximum expected force changes or force peaks, i. neither plastically deformed nor "on strike", i. e. no more damage-free length change allows more.

According to one embodiment, a first end of a spring element is fixedly connected to the support structure and a second end of the spring element is fixedly connected to one of the support means. In other words, the spring element is fixedly attached at one end to the support structure and an associated support means is attached to the other end of the spring element. On the support means acting forces can thus be transmitted via the spring element elastically sprung on the support structure.

Alternatively, the suspension means suspension means may comprise a rocking device with a pivotable support arm and a first end of a spring element fixedly attached to a holding point on the support arm and a second end of the spring element fixedly connected to one of the support means. The spring element thus cooperates with the luffing device, so that on the one hand it can lead to a balance of forces caused by the luffing device and other forces changes can be transmitted to the luffing device in an elastically spring-loaded manner via the spring element.

According to one embodiment, the spring elements differ with respect to their spring constants by at least 5% relative to each other. The spring constant is a measure of how much the spring element changes its length in a force acting on it. The higher the spring constant, the harder the spring element.

In other words, it may be advantageous to form a spring element, to which one of the suspension means is attached, stiffer or harder than another spring element, to which an adjacent suspension element is attached. Due to such different spring elements with different spring constants can deliberately different from the support means caused forces within the elevator system are taken into account.

In particular, according to one embodiment, one of the support means provided for transmitting a lesser force may cooperate with a spring member having a larger spring constant to transmit the force to the support structure than another support means provided for transmitting a larger force.

This embodiment can be considered based on the following consideration: When a heavily loaded suspension element is extended or shortened while being held by a relatively soft spring element, the change in length only leads to a small force change on the suspension element since the change in length is largely due to a change in length the spring element can be compensated, so that total forces within the elevator system are not strongly transferred to a neighboring other suspension means but the former support means remains the more heavily loaded rope remains. Conversely, if the heavily loaded suspension means were suspended on a hard spring element, a change in length would hardly effect a change in the length of the spring element, but the weight of the cabin would be more supported by the other suspension element, which would reduce a load difference between the two suspension elements possibly even vice versa.

In this embodiment, it may be advantageous if the spring element with the lower spring constant has a greater spring travel than the spring element with the larger spring constant. By "spring travel" is to be understood a distance by which the ends of the spring element can be elastically displaced relative to each other. In particular, should be accompanied by a change in the position of the two ends of the spring element relative to each other within the spring travel effected on the spring element with a proportional thereto change. In the case of a helical or spiral spring, a spring travel can be, for example, a multiple of a length of the spring in the maximally pushed-together state.

This allows for the fact that a change in a force exerted by a support means on the spring element force in a soft spring element with a low spring constant leads to a much larger spring path change than in a hard spring element with high spring constant. Overall, all spring elements should be designed so that they never reach their elastic limits in the forces expected in an elevator installation.

According to one embodiment, the support means are provided as a belt. A belt may here be understood as an elongated flat ribbon-like structure, within which a plurality of load-bearing elongated components are arranged next to one another, thereby forming a load-bearing core and being surrounded by a matrix material. The load-bearing components may in this case be composed of tensile-loadable fibers or strands, for example of metal wires and / or synthetic fibers. The matrix material can be a plastic, in particular an elastomer material, and surround the load-bearing core. As a result, the matrix material can protect the core, for example, against corrosion and / or increase a coefficient of friction of the surface of the suspension element.

In principle, suspension elements can be provided in an elevator system in the form of one or more belts or also in the form of one or more cables. Belts as suspension means allow several advantages. For example, due to its higher coefficient of friction, a belt driven by a traction sheave may allow less slippage between the traction sheave and the suspension element than typically used e.g. in steel cables is the case. Thus, an elevator car held on the belt can be driven more efficiently.

However, due to such a small slip between the traction sheave and the belt, inequalities between adjacent belts can also be more easily adjusted. For example, even slight local differences in the circumference of the traction sheave can cause a plurality of driven by the traction sheave belt are shifted differently. As a result, in some areas of the belts, e.g. hold the elevator car, adjust different length changes. In other words, with belts, it may be more difficult to adjust uneven load distribution within an elevator system and to maintain it during operation of the elevator system as well.

Therefore, when straps are used as suspension means, it may be particularly important not only to adapt the suspension means themselves such that in an initial condition different loads are applied to the different straps, but in addition to properly design the suspension means suspension means to maintain these load differences, if there are changes in length on the different belts.

In addition, it may be more difficult with belts than with ropes to detect wear and thus detect how close the belt is already at the end of its service life. In particular, from the outside, ie by mere visual inspection, it can hardly be recognized how far the fibers or strands forming the load-bearing core have already worn. Thus, it may be even more important when using belts as suspension means, an unequal To ensure load distribution between adjacent support means and in this way to minimize the risk of total failure of all suspension in the elevator system.

According to one embodiment, in an elevator system provided with a suspension means suspension device described herein, the support structure to which the luffing device is to be attached according to one embodiment may comprise a guide rail for guiding the elevator car during a vertical movement.

In other words, in this embodiment, the elevator installation of a guide rail provided therein has a double function in that the guide rail is intended to guide the elevator car during its vertical movement and on the other hand serves to be able to fasten the suspension means suspension device to it and thus to the elevator car. or the counterweight caused load on the attached suspension means and the suspension means suspension device. This can be used to advantage that these forces are indeed introduced vertically acting on the guide rail, but due to the example caused by the rocker force equalization between different supporting elements acting thereon can be prevented that are introduced transversely to this vertically extending guide rail forces on the guide rail, which would otherwise lead to bending moments on the guide rail.

The suspension device suspension device can be attached to the support structure of the elevator installation, in particular on the guide rail. Alternatively or additionally, the suspension means suspension device can also be attached to the elevator car.

By "attached to the support structure" or "attached to the elevator car" can be understood that the Tragmittelaufhängvorrichtung is either directly attached to the respective component and with this example in direct mechanical contact or the Tragmittelaufhängvorrichtung at least so mechanically with the respective component is connected, that their position relative to the respective component, that is relative to the support structure or the elevator car, does not change under load. Regardless of whether the Tragmittelaufhängvorrichtung is attached to the support structure or on the elevator car, it can, for example, due to the rocking device provided in her for a balance of forces between her attacking suspension means provide.

It should be understood that some of the possible features and advantages of the invention are described herein with reference to different embodiments. In particular, features are described in part with respect to the suspension hanger and in part with reference described on an elevator system. One skilled in the art will recognize that the features may be suitably adapted, combined or interchanged to provide further embodiments of the invention.

• Fig. 1 zeigt eine Seitenansicht einer Aufzuganlage.
• Fig. 2 zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht auf Komponenten einer Aufzuganlage gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung.
• Fig. 3 zeigt eine Draufsicht auf eine Tragmittelaufhängvorrichtung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung.

Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which neither the drawings nor the description are to be construed as limiting the invention.

• Fig. 1 shows a side view of an elevator system.
• Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of components of an elevator installation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• Fig. 3 shows a plan view of a suspension means suspension device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The figures are only schematic and not to scale. Like reference numerals designate like or equivalent features throughout the several figures.

Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a structure of an elevator installation 1 according to the invention.

The elevator installation 1 has a car 7 and a counterweight 9, which can be moved vertically in opposite directions within a hoistway 11. The car 7 and the counterweight 9 are held by means of several substantially mutually parallel support means 5. In the illustrated example of a machine room-less elevator installation 1, a drive machine 13 in the form of an electric motor is also provided in the elevator shaft 11 in order to displace the support means 5 together with the car 7 and the counterweight 9 held thereon vertically. In this case, the suspension elements 5 can be any types of resilient and flexible suspension elements, for example in the form of straps, ropes or the like. In particular, support means 5 can be designed as a flat or V-ribbed belt.

In the example shown here, the suspension elements 5 are fixed with their first ends to fixing points 15 positioned on the counterweight side against a first support structure 17 within the elevator shaft 11 of the elevator installation 1. From there, the suspension elements 5 run vertically downwards and are looped up against counterweight support rollers 19 diverted. Next, the support means 5 wrap around a traction sheave 21, which can be driven by the drive 13. From there, the support means 5 again extend substantially vertically downwards to below the elevator car 7 arranged Kabinenumlenkrollen 23. Finally, the support means 5 then extend upward, where they in the top of the hoistway 11 near the ceiling by means of Tragmittelaufhängvorrichtung 3 at a second Support structure 25 of the elevator system 1 are attached.

In the illustrated example, the second support structure 25 is formed here simultaneously as a guide rail 29, along which the car 7, guided by guide shoes 27, within the elevator shaft 11 can move up and down. The guide rail 29 serving as a carrier structure 25 is fixed to walls of the elevator shaft 11. The support structure 25 may be configured such that forces acting on it are at least partially transmitted to the walls of the elevator shaft 11. Alternatively, however, the support structure 25 may also be designed such that it is self-supporting, that is to say that forces acting on it are deflected down to a base of the support structure 25 and thus the walls of the hoistway 11 are not loaded.

Fig. 2 illustrates essential components of in Fig. 1 illustrated elevator installation 1 according to the invention schematically in a perspective view. It can be seen that in the present example, three support means 5a, 5b, 5c are used to hold both the counterweight 9 and the car 7 and to move within the Auszugschachts. The support means 5a-c are arranged substantially parallel to each other in parallel, successively arranged planes. Each of the support means 5a-c is in this case attached to a support structure 17 above the counterweight 9 and extends therefrom to one of three counterweight support rollers 19a-c, thence to one of three traction sheaves 21a-c, from there down to a respective one of the cabin trolleys 23a-c and via intermediate tension rollers 24a-c and finally towards the suspension means suspension device 3.

The suspension means suspension device 3, which in Fig. 2 is shown only roughly schematically and in Fig. 3 In plan view is shown in greater detail, has a two-stage rocker 31. This luffing device 31 has a Haltearmstruktur with an upper support arm 32 (hereinafter also referred to as main arm) and a Nebenhaltearm 34 shown below, wherein the main support arm 32 is pivotally attached via a central mounting assembly 35 to the support structure 25 of the elevator system 1 and the Nebenhaltearm 34 via a sub-attachment assembly 40 is pivotally attached to the main support arm 32. In the example shown, the support structure 25 in the form of a guide rail 29 in the figures is indicated only schematically.

On the luffing device 31, the three support means 5a-c are pivotally mounted. A support means 5c is arranged directly on the main support arm 32 on one side to the right of the central mounting arrangement 35, whereas two further support means 5a, 5b are fastened to the auxiliary support arm 34, which in turn is fastened to an opposite side of the main support arm 32 on the left of the mounting arrangement 35.

Fig. 3 11 illustrates details of the embodiment of the suspension means 3 for a lift installation 1 according to the invention which is described by way of example herein.

The luffing device 31 of the suspension device suspension device 3 has a main arm 32 serving as a transverse spar. This cross member may be, for example, a metal profile, for example in the form of an elongate steel beam, and may be designed, in particular due to its dimensioning and materials used, the loads typically occurring in an elevator installation 1 for holding the elevator car 7 and / or the counterweight 9 in the frame an attachment of the respective support means 5a-c to the support structure 25 to receive. The main holding arm 32 may be pivotably attached to the support structure 25 via a sliding bearing 36 serving as a fastening arrangement 35.

The carrier structure 25, which is also usually designed as a metal profile in the form of, for example, a guide rail 29, can be fastened to a wall of a hoistway 11 via screws or bolts 30.

The secondary support arm 34 may be structurally similar to the main support arm 32 and may be pivotally attached to the main support arm 32 via a rod 44 and a slide bearing 38 serving as a secondary attachment assembly 40. The secondary fastening arrangement 40 acts on a holding point 46 on the main holding arm 32.

The support means 5a-c are pivotally mounted by means of fixing arrangements 39a-c respectively at holding points 37a-c on the main holding arm 32 and the secondary holding arm 34, respectively. For this purpose, the fixing arrangements 39a-c respectively have support means holding areas 41, on which the carrying means 5a-c are fastened, for example, by clamping or by looping. The support means retaining portions 41 are connected to respective plain bearings 38 via screws 42, rods or bolts, for example, which are secured to the associated support points 37a-c.

By the described manner of attachment, each of the support means 5a-c can be rotated about a respective axis of the slide bearings 38 mounted in the support points 37a-c relative to the main and auxiliary holding arms 32, 34. At the same time holding forces F ₁ , F ₂ , F ₃ , by means which, for example, the weight of the elevator car 7 and / or the counterweight 9 is held, are transmitted from the support means 5a-c via the slide bearings 38 at the breakpoints 37a-c on the luffing device 31.

The support means 5a-c and the suspension means suspension device 3 are now designed such that the forces acting on the support means 5a-c forces F ₁ , F ₂ , F ₃ within the elevator system 1 differ by at least 5% relative to each other.

For this purpose, on the one hand lengths of the support means 5a-c are suitably dimensioned and the support means 5a-c are suitably attached to the elevator car 7 and / or the counterweight 9, that sets approximately a desired load distribution between the support means 5a-c.

On the other hand, or in addition, the luffing device 31 may be suitably designed, so that a desired load distribution between the support means 5a-c attached to it automatically adjusts. For this purpose, a positioning of the stopping points 37a-c on the main holding arm 32 or the secondary holding arm 34 is suitable to choose. In particular, distances d ₁ , d ₂ , d ₃ and d ₄ , in which the holding points 37a-c are arranged to a respective mounting arrangement 35 and secondary mounting arrangement 40, suitable to choose, so that due to the consequent leverages within the rocker 31, the desired force distribution sets.

For example, the two support means 5a, b are arranged on the secondary support arm 34 with respect to the secondary fastening arrangement 40 opposite sides at intervals d ₃ and d ₄ . The left-hand distance d ₃ is greater than the right-hand distance d ₄ by more than 5%, preferably even more than 15%. The length of the support means 5a, b and their suspension to the elevator car 7 and / or the counterweight 9 is now chosen so that the held on the left breakpoint 37a support means 5a exerts a correspondingly smaller force F ₁ on the secondary support arm 34 than that at the right breakpoint 37b held support means 5b.

Due to the asymmetric lever ratios, the smaller force F ₁ , which is caused by the left at a greater distance d ₃ held support means 5a on the secondary support arm 34, and the larger force F ₂ , held by the right at a smaller distance d ₄ held support means 5b causes the Nebenhaltearm 34, cause the same magnitude of torque, so that the Nebenhaltearm 34 can settle in equilibrium.

Should one of the support means 5a, b extend or shorten more strongly than the other support means 5b, a, the secondary support arm 34 will pivot as long as until again Balance is established and thus the balance of power prevail again as initially set. Hereby may be achieved that even when, for example due to wear or temperature fluctuation induced changes in length of the two support means 5a, b always an uneven distribution of forces between the two support means 5a, b is maintained, is considered in the example, about F _2> 1.05 * _f1.

Similarly, the distances d ₁ and d ₂ can be selectively selected in which a breakpoint 46, on which the secondary support arm 34 is pivotally mounted on the main support arm 32, is spaced from the mounting arrangement 35 of the main support arm 32 or in which a breakpoint 37 c, on which a third support means 5 c is attached to the main support arm 32, is spaced from the attachment arrangement 35. In the example shown, d ₁ <d ₂ , in particular d ₁ * 1.05 <d ₂ . Although the force F ₃ caused by the third support means 5c on the right-hand holding point 37c of the main holding arm 32 is smaller than the sum (F ₁ + F ₂ ) of the forces transmitted by the two other carrying means 5a, b, however, F ₃ can be larger as each of the two other forces F ₁ , F ₂ , In particular, for example, F ₃ > 1.05 * F ₂ and F ₂ > 1.05 * F ₁ apply.

However, the distances d ₁ , d _{2 can} also be chosen differently, depending on how large the force (F ₁ + F ₂ ) transmitted to the left-hand holding point 46 of the main holding arm 32 in relation to the force F ₃ transferred to the right-hand holding point 37 c should be.

Furthermore, other two-stage or multi-stage rocking devices can be used, in which e.g. two secondary arms are held on a main support arm or in which further support arms e.g. are arranged in a third stage and are pivotally supported on one of the secondary holding arms.

Overall, it may be advantageous to select distances d ₁ , d ₂ , d ₃ , d ₄ between holding points 37 a - c, 46 and fastening arrangements 35, 40 such that each of the forces F ₁ acting on one of the carrying means 5 a - c, F ₂ , F ₃ differs from those acting on one of the other support means 5a-c forces F ₁ , F ₂ , F ₃ by preferably more than 5%, more preferably more than 15%.

In addition, the support means 5a-c at the holding points 37a-c are not rigidly mounted but via spring elements 45a-c. In the example shown, the spring elements 45a-c are designed as helical springs. The forces F ₁ , F ₂ , F ₃ transmitted by the support means 5a-c to the holding arms 32, 34 of the luffing device and thus ultimately to the carrier structure 25 are thus transmitted resiliently via one of the spring elements 45a-c.

The higher a force F ₁ , F ₂ , F ₃ to be transmitted, the smaller should preferably be a spring constant of the transmitting spring element 45a-c, ie, the softer the spring element 45a-c should be. A change in length in one of the support means 5a-c can thus be compensated for at least partially by a corresponding change in length of the example formed as a helical spring spring element 45a-c at a heavily loaded support means 5a-c, without thereby transmitted by the spring element 45a-c force itself changes significantly.

The lower the spring constant of a spring element 45a-c, the larger its possible elastic spring travel should be. A coil spring 45c as a spring element to transmit the large force F ₃ on the breakpoint 37c, therefore, should be much longer, for example at least 20% longer than the coil spring of the spring member 45a, which is to transmit the substantially lower force _f1.

Overall, in the planning and installation of the elevator installation 1 and its suspension means suspension device 3, the forces F _x and the lengths d _{x of} the associated lever ratios on the luffing device 31 should preferably be selected such that in the normal state the secondary and main holding arms 32, 34 of the luffing device 31 as horizontal as possible, that is approximately at a right angle to the support structure 25, extend.

Only in the event that, for example, load conditions and thus forces F _{x change} within the elevator system 1 or lengths of the support means change 5a-c, it comes to a rotation of the support arm structure of the rocker 31, whereby such changes can be at least partially compensated and thus preferably not lead to, for example, bending forces on the support structure 25. Furthermore, the use of different hard spring elements 45a-c can help to compensate for changes in length and forces.

By a suitable dimensioning of the holding arms 32, 34 and the asymmetrically provided on them positioning of the holding points 37a-c, 46 on the one hand and / or by a suitable unequal design of the spring elements 45a-c used for transmitting the forces F ₁ , F ₂ , F ₃ On the other hand, it can thus be achieved that an unequal distribution of forces of the forces to be retained by the support means 5a-c can be maintained over the long term, that is to say even in the event of operational or wear-related changes in force or length. In this way, a wear of the individual support means 5a-c can be selectively influenced and thus a probability that multiple support means 5a-c fail at the same time, be drastically reduced.

It should be noted that embodiments of the suspension suspension device described herein may be modified in various variations and, in particular, with features such as those described in US Pat EP 1 508 545 A1 are described and should not be repeated in detail here, can be trained.

It should be noted that embodiments of the suspension suspension device 3 described herein may be modified in various variants, and in particular with features such as those described in US Pat EP 1 508 545 A1 are described and should not be repeated in detail here, can be trained.

It is also to be noted that the applicant of the present application has filed the same day with the present application, further patent applications, which describe further embodiments of suspension means suspension devices.

It is obvious to a person skilled in the art that many of the in the EP 1 508 545 A1 as well as in the same day-filed further patent applications for the suspension devices suspension devices described there features can be transferred in an analogous manner to a suspension means suspension device 3 for an elevator system 1 according to embodiments of the invention described herein. For example, slack support detectors 47 may be provided on the suspension means suspension device for detecting sagging or sagging suspension means. At the Haupthaltearm 32 and / or the Nebenhaltearm 34 may be provided a locking device 49 or a Drehwinkelbegrenzereinrichtung to temporarily fix the respective support arms, for example during assembly of support means or to limit its rotation angle can.

Finally, it should be noted that terms such as "comprising," "comprising," etc., do not exclude other elements or steps, and terms such as "a" or "an" do not exclude a multitude. It should also be appreciated that features or steps described with reference to any of the above embodiments may also be used in combination with other features or steps of other embodiments described above. Reference signs in the claims are not to be considered as limiting.

Claims (14)

Elevator installation (1), comprising: a support structure (25); an elevator car (7); a plurality of support means (5a, 5b, 5c); a suspension means suspension device (3); wherein the support means (5a, 5b, 5c) are configured in such a way and the suspension means (5a, 5b, 5c) hold the elevator car (7) on the support structure (25) via the suspension means suspension device (3) such that the suspension element (5a , 5b, 5c) forces (F ₁ , F ₂ , F ₃ ) differ from each other. Elevator installation (1) according to claim 1, wherein the forces (F ₁ , F ₂ , F ₃ ) caused on the suspension elements (5a, 5b, 5c) differ by at least 5% relative to one another between the suspension elements (5a, 5b, 5c) , Lift installation according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein the suspension means suspension device (3) comprises a rocking device (31), wherein at least one support arm (32) is held pivotable about a mounting arrangement (35) and two of the support means (5a, 5b, 5c ) transmit the forces (F ₁ , F ₂ , F ₃ ) caused thereon to the holding arm (32) in each case at holding points (37a, 37b, 37c, 46) opposite the mounting arrangement (35), wherein respective distances (d ₁ , d ₂ , d ₃ , d ₄ ) of the holding points (37 a, 37 b, 37 c, 46) of the mounting assembly (35) differ from each other by at least 5%. Elevator installation according to claim 3, comprising at least three support means (5a, 5b, 5c), wherein the rocker device (31) is formed in at least two stages and at one of the support points (46) of the support arm (32) has a secondary support arm (34) via a secondary attachment arrangement (40 ) is pivotally mounted and two of the support means (5a, 5b) transmit the forces applied to them (F ₁ , F ₂ ) in relation to the secondary fastening arrangement (40) opposite Nebenhaltepunkten (37 a, 37 b) on the secondary support arm (34). Elevator system according to claim 4, wherein respective distances (d ₃ , d ₄ ) of the secondary holding points (37a, 37b) from the secondary fastening arrangement (40) differ from one another by at least 5%. Lift installation according to one of Claims 1 to 5, the suspension means suspension device (3) having spring elements (45a, 45b, 45c), each suspension element (5a, 5b, 5c) having a force (F ₁ , F ₂ , F ₃ ) transmits via one of the spring elements (45a, 45b, 45c) to the support structure (25). Elevator installation according to claim 6, wherein a first end of a spring element (45a, 45b, 45c) is fixedly connected to the support structure (25) and a second end of the spring element (45a, 45b, 45c) fixed to one of the support means (5a, 5b, 5c) is connected. The elevator installation according to claim 6, wherein the suspension means suspension device (3) has a rocking device (31) with a pivotable retaining arm (32, 34) and a first end of a spring element (45a, 45b, 45c) fixed to a retaining point (37a, 37b, 37c). is attached to the support arm (32, 34) and a second end of the spring element (45a, 45b, 45c) fixed to one of the support means (5a, 5b, 5c) is connected. Elevator installation according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the spring elements (45a, 45b, 45c) differ with respect to their spring constants by at least 5% relative to each other. An elevator system according to any one of claims 6 to 9, wherein one of the support means (5a, 5b, 5c) provided for transmitting a lesser force cooperates with a spring member (45a, 45b, 45c) having a larger spring constant to apply the force to transmit the support structure (25) as a support means (5a, 5b, 5c), which is provided for transmitting a larger force. Elevator installation according to claim 10, wherein the spring element (45a, 45b, 45c) with the lower spring constant has a greater spring travel than the spring element (45a, 45b, 45c) with the larger spring constant. An elevator installation according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the suspension means (5a, 5b, 5c) are belts. Elevator installation according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the support structure (25) has a guide rail (29) for guiding the elevator car (7) during a vertical movement. Elevator installation according to one of claims 1 to 13, wherein the suspension means suspension device (3) on one of the support structure (25) and the elevator car (7) is attached.

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