EP1469145B1 - Re-usable tomb and tomb arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

The cover (22) and/or crypt walls (20, 20) at least partially comprise a water permeable, statically stable material and/or are provided with a means (30) for allowing rainwater to enter the crypt (100). An independent claim is also included for a tomb comprising at least one of these crypts and a drain located outside the crypt and lying on the bottom or positioned above the bottom of the grave.

Description

The invention relates to a reusable burial chamber with one of at least a frame-like or trough-shaped wall element and one thereon Overlying cover enclosed interior, which vented to the outside and is moistened from the outside, and a funeral device comprising the reusable burial chamber.

A reusable burial chamber is known from DE 35 37 367. At this Burial chamber are the wall parts and the lid made of reinforced concrete and between the lid and the top wall element or between the individual Wall elements is a lowered to the outside of the chamber stepped rabbet formed so that in the gap between the lid and the top wall element or between adjacent wall elements penetrating water to the outside is derived and thus the penetration of water into the chamber as a whole is avoided. The burial chamber is therefore largely impermeable to water, so that the burial chamber interior is always dry.

In still known grave chambers with multi-part lid is characterized by the Edition of a waterproof cover film or other, also on the Sealing of the burial chamber aimed at measures also the penetration of Water is prevented in the chamber.

The uncontrolled ingress of water is in the known burial chambers inter alia, therefore avoided in order to prevent that possibly corpse particles by penetration of water e.g. through openings in the Burial chamber to be flushed to the outside. Furthermore, the penetration of Water in known burial chambers therefore avoided to the Prevent accumulation of water in the interior of the burial chamber, since backwater the Decaying the corpse and rotting the coffin wood and others Grave goods delayed or prevented.

From DE 44 05 395 an earth burial tomb is known in which the decay of a buried corpse by providing a ventilation system and drainage system is accelerated. The ventilation and drainage system is realized by drainage effective ventilation mats, the more appropriate Way perpendicular from the Graubi surface to the grave sole or the burial site completely enclose and thereby moisture and possibly also Remove water from the tomb.

DE 199 16 507 describes a cover device as a grave cover, which can be placed directly on the grave surface and because of a perforation permeable to water, allowing the infiltration of rainwater into the ground allows and a soil seal is avoided.

In practice, however, it has been shown that the consistent prevention of penetration of water in the burial chamber, the discharge of water from the burial chamber and the use of a drainage below the grave sole or use of water permeable material as a grave sole and the backfilling of the Burial chamber environment with water permeable material for draining the Grave chamber can lead. The resulting dry climate in the Burial chamber leads to the mummification of the corpses as well as to a prevention of the Rotting of the coffin wood and other grave goods, resulting in a prolonged Rest period of e.g. more than 30 years and thus a lower utilization of the Cemetery area leads. Furthermore, with the whereabouts of coffin wood residues and other not completely rotted grave goods in the grave chamber after Expiry of the rest period, an additional work and disposal costs associated which is reflected in higher costs of the cemeteries and thus the grave leasing.

It is therefore an object of the present invention, a reusable burial chamber provide that prevents the drying out of the burial chamber or at least diminished, or a favorable for decay and rotting humidity promotes in the burial chamber.

The object is achieved according to the present invention by a reusable Burial chamber with at least partially water-permeable wall elements and / or grave chamber cover or means for infiltrating water in the Reached burial chamber.

By the water permeability or by the provided possibility of Infiltration of water into the burial chamber by means of appropriate means is in Interior of the burial chamber reaches a higher humidity, which is favorable on the decay and rotting rate.

The invention is based on the idea, at least part of the s.den Outside of the burial chamber seeping water, such. Rain or pouring water, due to the porosity or water permeability of the burial chamber cover and / or burial chamber wall elements or by means for infiltration, in to let the burial chamber seep in so that the inside of the burial chamber is moistened and thus the humidity in the interior of the burial chamber accordingly is high.

The risk of dehydration of the burial chamber is thereby even at unfavorable Soil conditions, e.g. Pebble soils, allowing a quick drainage of rainfall cause diminished. Due to the water permeability or the means for Infiltration is an intrusion of surface, side and leachate in the Reached burial chamber, which takes place for the decaying or rotting Implementation processes are provided favorable climatic conditions. The water permeability of the ground-level burial chamber wall elements or The grave sole prevents the formation of waterlogging in the interior of the burial chamber.

The penetrating into the burial chamber cover and the burial chamber wall elements Water leads to a water saturation of burial chamber cover and Wall elements, the escape of odorous combustion gases largely prevented by the cover or the wall element. Rather, it will a discharge of the decomposition gases made by a venting of the burial chamber. The vent or a ventilation system is preferably with a technical or biological filter (e.g., activated carbon filter), through which the decomposition gases are directed and filtered and then on through the gas-permeable cover applied to the cover and filtering get to the surface. This will lead to an uncontrolled escape prevents decomposition gases through the cover or the wall elements and achieved a targeted derivation and filtering of decomposition gases, so that according to relevant legislation only a small overlap of the burial chamber to get to.

The water-permeable burial chamber cover and / or burial chamber wall elements are suitably made of single-grain concrete or other material, the likewise good water permeability with simultaneous static stability and Durability distinguishes.

The burial chamber cover expediently has at its the interior facing bottom to at least one outside of the burial chamber out inclined roof profile-like configuration. For a roof profile that at least is inclined towards an inner side of the uppermost wall element, which is through Burial chamber cover or the means for infiltration seeping water at the inclined bottom of the cover to the inner wall of the uppermost Guided wall element, then to the inside of the burial chamber wall expire. This prevents, inter alia, that infiltrating water from the underside of the cover drips into the interior of the burial chamber, leaving a Rinsing out corpse particles or grave goods or coffin parts from the Burial chamber by infiltrating and dripping into the burial chamber water is prevented.

In regions where there are robust and thus hard-to-decompose coffins, such as massive oak coffins, are used to promote wood decomposition and rotting, however, beneficial to infiltrating water toward the coffin to promote its rotting. This is inventively characterized achieved by the roof profile has a ridge facing the interior, on which infiltrating water can be dripped into the interior and onto the coffin. The ridge line runs advantageously either in the middle of the parallel Long sides of the cover or there are several ridges across the Bottom of the cover, e.g. on each underside of a partial cover, or it will be a combination of the different ridge courses used. Despite the dripping into the interior of the burial chamber water must in this case, but not the risk of flooding of e.g. Corpse are worried because of the significantly longer shelf life of the e.g. massive oak coffins towards the time of rotting, the corpse already decomposed before the rotting of the coffin allow such a flooding would.

In a version with a multipart burial chamber cover (cover) a Leakage of decomposition gases, e.g. in times of great drought or at the To prevent joints of adjacent part covers while the To allow ingress of surface and leachate, is a preferably over the entire length and width of the burial chamber cover itself applied layer extending from top to bottom and permeable to water from bottom to top is impermeable to air. Such a layer or such from above water permeable and from below airtight material, eg. B. a corresponding membrane, thus preventing the decomposition gases from the Chamber interior can penetrate unfiltered to the surface and allows at the same time moistening the burial chamber through the lid. Preferably If such a layer is a vegetation mat or a sponge-like material with corresponding properties.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the means for infiltrating water in the tomb a between wall element and attached cover or in the case of several wall elements which are placed one above the other, one between the wall elements to the interior lowered Stufenfalz or one to the interior inclined chamfer, over the water, e.g. on the outside wall of the burial chamber Absickert, is infiltrated in this. The infiltrating water follows the gradation of the fold or the inclination or the slope of the chamfer in the direction of the interior and moistened on further infiltration the interior walls of the Grave chamber.

The means for infiltration continue through holes or slots in the Wall elements or the cover or through reaching into the burial chamber Water supply lines, such as Pipes, pipes or hoses and through each sufficiently small opening in the burial chamber wall, through each of which water into the burial chamber is infiltrated, the penetration of soil, filling material, etc. but is prevented, realized.

The subject matter of the present invention is furthermore a funeral device, the one or more burial chambers according to the invention and the hydrogeological Conditions in the burial zone adapted grave sole and optionally further, the grave chamber surrounding filler and / or a Drainage includes.

The hydrogeological conditions in the burial zone usually become determined by a geological report.

Depending on the stability of the subsoil according to the geological report the burial device comprises a foundation for the burial chamber. Depending on Soil quality also includes the burial device outside the burial chamber at or above the level of the grave sole arranged drainage near an outside wall to remove or avoid backwater. Preferably, the drainage along the head or foot of the burial chamber along this page arranged.

The arrangement of the drainage at the level of the grave sole is reduced to a the excavation depth of the excavation of burial / burial chamber and on the other hand, the natural and mostly water-storable soil material remains preserved in the gravel, resulting in appropriate soil material the grave sole sets a low water level or a moisture, the one adequate moistening of the burial chamber interior, e.g. by capillary action allows the wall elements and thus a correspondingly high and for the Implementation processes favorable humidity sets. The emergence of Backwater or the flooding of coffins, urns or the like is through which prevents drainage at or above the level of the tomb. In a grave chamber row can through the head or foot side continuous Drainage along the row efficient and space-saving drainage for all the grave chambers in the row, without by lying below the level of the gravel drainage of the risk of Dehydration of the burial chamber to subject.

According to the present invention, the setting of one for the conversion processes ensure favorable (air) moisture in the grave interior, that for the grave sole the natural earth material in a thickness against infiltrating and at the same time water binding material, e.g. Medium sand, is exchanged.

A further improvement of the (air) humidity conditions in the interior at e.g. unsuitable floors or more juxtaposed spaced apart Burial chambers, are the grave spaces or the areas around the Outside of the burial chamber also with infiltrating and simultaneously water-binding material, e.g. Medium sand, to fill.

Through the use of infiltrating and at the same time water-binding Material instead of unsuitable, e.g. Backwaters forming earth material becomes an adequate supply of burial chamber interior with (air) Moisture ensures and on the other congestion in and around the Burial chamber prevented.

According to a further aspect of the invention, the burial chamber with a Moistening device equipped with one for decay and Rotting cheap humidity in the interior is adjustable.

To prevent backwater formation in the burial chamber beyond is according to one aspect of the invention in the lower part of the burial chamber a Outlet opening provided for draining the water seeped into the burial chamber, so that e.g. in well-founded grave soles or trogiform and thus down closed bottom wall element located at the bottom of the burial chamber collecting water through the outlet into infiltratable areas the grave sole or the outer Grabkammerverfüllung is absaugbar.

According to another aspect of the present invention, the gravestone foundation is the e.g. designed as part of the burial chamber cover, in the underneath anchored burial chamber wall elements, e.g. by shedding of in corresponding holes in the tombstone foundation reaching reinforcements of Wall elements, so that a gravesohlentiefe foundation of grave stone foundation is reached.

According to a further aspect of the invention is a frame-like grave defense provided for supporting the Grabsaums with open grave chamber, the grave defense advantageously on the top and bottom of the rests on the uppermost wall element and further has a width, the one easy removal of the burial chamber cover by the grave defense allowed. The grave defense reaches up to the Grabsaum or According to an embodiment in which the grave defense at the same time as Grave border serves, beyond the Grabsaum. Appropriately, the Tomb enclosure made of concrete. To meet higher aesthetic standards suffice, the burial chamber defense is at the same time as a design element used and made of artificial stone, marble or other visually appealing or desired by the customer materials, such. B. stainless steel.

According to another aspect of the invention, the burial chamber cover at least in some areas designed as a plant trough. The top of the plant trough extends advantageously to the surface, so that over Lift the attachment points on the plant trough top slightly and plant the plant trough the burial chamber can be opened easily. Another advantage exists in that the planting is preserved in the plant trough and thus by the Opening the burial chamber no planting work incurred.

Further advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings Embodiments.

Fig. 1:

eine Draufsicht auf eine Grabkammer gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Fig. 2:

einen vertikalen Schnitt durch eine Grabkammer gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform entlang der Linie A-A in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3:

einen vertikalen Schnitt durch die Grabkammer gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform entlang der Linie B-B in Fig. 1;

Fig. 4:

eine Draufsicht auf eine Grabkammer gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Fig. 5:

einen vertikalen Schnitt durch die Grabkammer gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform entlang der Linie C-C in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6:

einen vertikalen Schnitt durch die Grabkammer gemäß der zweiten Ausführungsform entlang der Linie D-D in Fig. 4;

Fig. 7:

eine Draufsicht auf eine Grabkammer gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform;

Fig. 8:

einen vertikalen Schnitt durch die Grabkammer gemäß der dritten Ausführungsform entlang der Linie E-E in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9:

einen vertikalen Schnitt durch die Grabkammer gemäß der dritten Ausführungsform entlang der Linie F-F in Fig. 7;

Fig. 10:

eine Draufsicht auf eine Grabkammer gemäß einer weiteren Ausführungsform;

Fig. 11:

einen vertikalen Schnitt durch die Grabkammer gemäß der dritten Ausführungsform entlang der Linie G-G in Fig. 10;

Fig. 12:

einen vertikalen Schnitt durch die Grabkammer gemäß der dritten Ausführungsform entlang der Linie H-H in Fig. 10.

In the drawings show, partly in schematic or semi-schematic representation

Fig. 1:

a plan view of a burial chamber according to a first embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 2:

a vertical section through a burial chamber according to the first embodiment along the line AA in Fig. 1;

3:

a vertical section through the burial chamber according to the first embodiment along the line BB in Fig. 1;

4:

a plan view of a burial chamber according to a second embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 5:

a vertical section through the burial chamber according to the second embodiment along the line CC in Fig. 4;

Fig. 6:

a vertical section through the burial chamber according to the second embodiment along the line DD in Fig. 4;

Fig. 7:

a plan view of a burial chamber according to a third embodiment;

Fig. 8:

a vertical section through the burial chamber according to the third embodiment along the line EE in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9:

a vertical section through the burial chamber according to the third embodiment along the line FF in Fig. 7;

Fig. 10:

a plan view of a burial chamber according to another embodiment;

Fig. 11:

a vertical section through the burial chamber according to the third embodiment along the line GG in Fig. 10;

Fig. 12:

a vertical section through the burial chamber according to the third embodiment along the line HH in Fig. 10.

The burial chamber according to a first embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figs. 1 to 3.

The burial chamber 100 includes one or more patched in superposition Wall elements 20, 20 'and a cover 22 which on a grave sole 10th are arranged and enclose the interior of the burial chamber.

In insufficient stability of the ground, the grave sole is as Foundation 12 serving plates supplemented to a sagging of the burial chamber avoid. The cover 22 is in one piece or, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5, executed in several parts and includes while transverse to the top wall element attached and on their longitudinal sides abutting partial covers 22 ', 22 ", 22 '" etc.

The burial chamber cover and / or burial chamber wall elements are made of solid, but water-permeable material, such as e.g. Single-grain concrete, manufactured. The head-side Partial cover is formed increased, so that they expediently until the Surface enough and serves as tombstone foundation 23. The gravestone foundation 23 is fundamentally deepened by the bottom of the tombstone lying wall portion of the wall element 20 a reinforcement 34 in corresponding Openings in the tombstone foundation 23 rich and there are shed. If appropriate Rules are to be met, such reinforcements are also between provided the stacked wall elements 20 and 20 '. The tombstone foundation 23 also has a recess 36 in which a Tombstone is anchorable. At the top of the cover 22 is a vegetation mat 28 launched. The vegetation mat is about almost the entire Length and width of the cover designed and consists of water permeable from above and from below air-permeable material, such as e.g. a corresponding one Sponge or a membrane, so that decomposition gases from the chamber interior through the vegetation mat can not reach the surface, Liquid, however, through the vegetation mat and the water-permeable Cover is seepable into the interior of the burial chamber. Furthermore, on the Cover or the vegetation mat water and air permeable material in a thickness applied, that the vent also from the material, e.g. Humus soil is covered, creating sufficient ventilation of the Burial chamber is guaranteed.

An air and water sealable through opening 25 serves as an opening for urn burials. The size of the opening is such that they as Passage is suitable for an urn. In the same or a comparable, likewise formed in the cover passage opening is a total of 24 designated vent or a ventilation system used. The vent is formed according to the nature of DE 35 37 367 C2, with respect to related details expressly referred to this document. This vent 24 essentially comprises a sealing inserted into the through hole 25 Pipe socket, a suitable technical or bio-filter (eg activated carbon Filter) and a cover. The vent 24, primarily as Venting of the interior of the burial chamber works, ends in the finished Condition of the grave within the humus layer above the burial chamber.

The cover 22 or a frame-like wall element 20 each set to a in accordance with arranged underneath frame member 20 and 20 ', wherein the lower edges of the cover and the wall elements open to the outside Recesses 31 are formed in the correspondingly shaped, along the upper Formed outer edges of the wall element arranged correspondingly underneath Engage projections 32 so that the cover and the one above the other arranged wall elements are positively held in their positions and due to the inwardly sloping surface of the wall elements surface, Side and leachate (rainwater) penetrate into the interior of the burial chamber can. As shown in Figs. 2, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9, thereby forming between the stacked wall elements a so-called, for Inside lowered stepped rebate, in the seepage on the outer wall water seeped into the burial chamber and thereby the inner walls of the burial chamber be moistened. As an alternative to such a shiplap be the one above the other arranged wall elements with a respective inwardly inclined form-fitting Fasung provided, which is also an infiltration of water to Episode has.

The underside of the cover 22 or the partial covers 22 ', 22 "etc. have a roof profile 26 so that water leaking at the bottom to the inner Wall of the wall element 22 is passed to then on the inside of the Drain burial chamber wall.

To avoid backwater formation, but do not unnecessarily dry out the burial chamber, is outside the chamber along a sidewall at the level of the grave sole or slightly above the grave a drainage 13 arranged, the superfluous Dissipates water and prevents buildup of water inside the burial chamber. Advantageously, the drainage is doing at the top or foot of a Burial chamber or burial chamber row installed. This has the advantage that the excavation depth of the excavation is reduced, natural, mostly water storage Soil material in the gravel remains and gets in and on the Tear sole can form a low level of water, providing adequate humidification the burial chamber interior ensured. In the longitudinal arrangement of Drainage between adjacent burial chambers is a common drainage for can be used adjacent grave chambers, with arrangement of the drainage along the Head or foot along adjacent grave chambers is a common Drainage for a burial chamber series providable.

If no suitable natural soil material prevails in the grabens, then that is Material in one thickness against suitable infiltratable and simultaneously replace water-binding material, so that an adequate supply the burial chamber interior with (air) humidity is ensured, but the risk of backwater formation does not have to be concerned. Also the side Backfill 11 of the burial chamber or the burial chamber interspaces between adjacent burial chambers are possibly with the infiltratable and water binding material, such as e.g. Medium sand, to refill.

The wall elements are provided with handles 38 for ease of assembly and disassembly, into the e.g. corresponding hooks of a hoist are engageable and thus the wall elements are easily deductible and resumable.

The burial chamber according to a second embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figs. 4 to 6, which is a burial chamber 200 with an additional barrier 40 point. The rest of the burial chamber construction Otherwise, it largely corresponds to the structure according to the first embodiment, which also by the use of the same reference numerals clearly becomes.

The barrier 40 comprises an additional frame-like wall element, which the front and foot side portions of the top wall element 20 is placed becomes. In height, the barrier extends to the surface or, if they are at the same time serves as a grave border, even something beyond. The defense prevented when burial chamber open the breaking of the Grabsaums or of cemetery visitors in the burial chamber.

The clear inside dimension L (FIG. 6) of the protector extends further, by a few centimeters across the width of the one- or multi-part burial chamber cover plate (Cover 22) addition, so that the cover by the defense of the Burial chamber is removable. The head side 41 of the defense is made wider as the other thickness of the barrier and serves as a tombstone foundation, wherein the grave stone is further anchored in the recess 36 of the head part.

Longitudinally is between the inside of the defense and the adjacent one lateral outside of the cover 20 and the top wall element respectively a gap 42 formed by the excess surface or leachate (Rainwater) is drained, so that e.g. a flooding of the vent 24th is prevented.

The top, inside and / or outside of the barrier is to the optical Embellishment e.g. finished with facing concrete, marble or other materials, to meet higher aesthetic standards. The refined inside comes in particular at a funeral and associated opening the burial chamber, while the refined top and / or outside when using the barrier as a grave stone mount visually in Appearance occurs.

According to a further, not shown embodiment, the barrier used as a support for paving slabs, so that a funeral device comprising a plurality of juxtaposed spaced grave chambers, in which the upper end faces of adjacent sides adjacent Burial chambers serve as supports for pavement slabs, and the sidewalk slabs be used as grave intermediate paths. The sidewalk slabs are over the barrier and the wall elements 20 placed in superposition 20 'Grabsohlentief founded, so that otherwise often occurring subsidence and Bagging the grave gaps are avoided.

The burial chamber according to a third embodiment of the invention will now be with Referring to Figs. 7 to 9 described. At the grave chamber 300 is at least one Part of the cover formed trough-shaped. The trough-shaped partial cover is included designed as a so-called plant trough 50, which as the above Covers on the top wall element can be placed in an exact fit. Using a sufficiently large plant trough, as shown in Figs. 7 to 9, All grave work to open the burial chamber is avoided by the almost complete burial cover together with the existing in the plant trough Grave planting as a planted plant trough uniformly with a hoist, e.g. a gantry crane, can be lifted. For easier and safe lifting with one Hoist 50 stop points 54 are provided on the top of the plant trough, the e.g. designed as a screw anchor or ball anchor and into the plant trough top are incorporated.

A different from the plant trough 50 partial cover on the head of the burial chamber is also formed as the plant trough elevated and serves as grave stone foundation 23. The tombstone foundation 23 is as described with reference to FIG. 1 and 2 described by means of a reinforcement / recess 34 with the underlying Potted wall element and thus anchored grabsohlentief.

Through the tombstone foundation 23 is simultaneously the Grabsaum the head of the Supported burial chamber. At the other, the Grabsaum facing outsides of the plant trough 50, suitable means are to be provided for supporting the grave area. According to an embodiment of the invention, not shown, the Grabenaum in Grabwegbereich, e.g. at the foot of the burial chamber by a supported in the grave walkway support (for example, an L-shaped stone) supported.

According to the embodiment of the invention shown in Fig. 9, the burial chamber on at least one of its longitudinal sides or the longitudinal gaps between spaced apart arranged grave chambers only until just below the upper edge of the uppermost wall element 20 with suitable material 11 filled. Now if the plant trough lifted off the burial chamber, can laterally do not break earth material into the burial chamber. The free space at the side Outside of the plant trough or between adjacent plant troughs is Covered by cover plates 56. The cover plates 56 can be used as paving slabs used for grave paths or grave intermediate paths. Here too are lowered by the appropriate grave-depth anchoring subsidence Ways avoided.

According to another, not shown embodiment of the invention the foot-side area of the trough-like cover is closed at the top trained and is thereby usable at least as part of a grave path. This will be On the one hand, space-saving cemeteries save particularly valuable space and on the other hand results from the top cover of the plant trough a Total reduced planting area, so that the planting and care of the Grabs is reduced.

According to the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 7 to 9, the opening 25 and the vent 24 inserted therein in an outer corner near the Trough wall arranged so that the probability of damage to the Vent 24 is reduced by planting in the plant trough.

On the ground inside the plant trough 50 is again a vegetation mat 28 designed. Furthermore, the plant trough near the bottom with side drain holes 52 provided by the excess rain or pouring water drain can and therefore does not cause backwater or flooding of the vent 24 comes.

FIGS. 10 to 12 show a further embodiment of the burial chamber. the largely the structure of the previously described embodiments having. The burial chamber has a barrier of 40, with water and air-permeable material 14 is filled to or just below the top. This backfilling is also in burial chambers with simple cover or used with a plant trough and, despite complete and venting the burial chamber via the vent 24, also from the Backfilling 14 is covered.

The lower wall element 21 is designed trough-shaped and thus has a closed ground, whereby e.g. the provision of a separate Grave sole deleted. To avoid backwater formation in the down Closed burial chamber is a drain opening 53 in the lower part of a Side wall of the wall element 21 is provided. When a complete outflow of the is desired on the ground accumulating water, the drain opening arranged in the ground. The drain opening 53 may continue in not closer illustrated, familiar to those skilled manner by means of a non-return valve be closable. Due to the opposite to the bottom of the trough-shaped Wall element 21 slightly elevated arrangement of the drain opening 53 is in the lower Area of the burial chamber created a water and Schmutzstauzone, by the residues are retained and always moisten some water remains in the burial chamber.

Furthermore, in at least one wall element slots 45 as a means for Infiltration of waters provided. These slots may be alternative to the already described agents used for infiltration or as a supplement become.

The underside of the cover 22 is one with the center of the burial chamber inclined roof profile 27 provided. The First 29 of the roof profile is the Interior facing so that the infiltrating through the cover and on Roof profile to the first led water from the ridge to the in the burial chamber buried coffin (not shown) drips and moisten it.

According to a further embodiment (not shown) is in the Burial chamber a the person skilled in the art and appear appropriate Moisture meter (hygrometer) for measuring the humidity in the interior appropriate. Furthermore, the burial chamber has a moistening device, comprising a branched into the burial chambers water supply system and via the water supply system water is led into the burial chambers, when the humidity meter measures a humidity that is below a previous one set minimum value. The minimum value is a humidity value, starting from the a mummification of the corpse or just one over an optimal value delayed decay and rotting is to be procured. The Water supply system is suitably branched Piping system, each with a drain in each burial chamber of the Funeral device ends. For humidity measurement and control of the Moistening device, it is sufficient if only in a burial chamber a moisture meter attached and centralized control, e.g. a through the Moisture meter adjustable tap in the piping system between water supply and procedures is provided. The procedures are according to one embodiment of the invention mounted showerheads attached to the underside of the cover or an upper portion of one of the inner wall of the uppermost wall element are arranged so that when water is supplied through the piping system Water is speckled over the buried coffin. Furthermore, it is for special fine distribution of the supplied water provided a Sprenkleranlage. This Sprenkleranlage can be seconded above ground and thus next to used to moisten the burial chamber for sprinkling the burial plant are executed as well as underground and ending in the burial chambers to the be arranged directly sprinkling the coffins.

The illustrated embodiments are as a single grave with a possible double occupancy on top of each other and additional Urnenbeistellung trained. Also, the burial chamber according to the invention for single or Multiple occupancy equally suitable. By arranging several Grave chambers according to the invention spaced apart side by side with a along the Head or foot drainage and a common grave sole and corresponding filling of the spaces between adjacent ones Grave chambers and the top cover of free spaces between the facing sides of the enclosures or plant troughs with Cover plates creates a funeral device, which is particularly efficient and space-saving way the advantages of the above-mentioned grave chambers united in itself.

It is understood that the burial chamber according to the invention one or more superimposed arranged wall elements 20, 21 as well as cover 22 a one or multi-part lid with or without protection or a plant trough in each any combination includes as well as the burial chamber wall elements and the burial chamber cover completely or only partially permeable to water are.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

100, 200, 300, 400

grave chamber

10

grave sole

11

lateral backfilling

12

foundation

13

drainage

14

Upper backfill, material on burial chamber cover

20, 20 '

wall elements

21

Wall element with closed bottom

22

cover

22 ', 22 ", 22"'

subcovers

23

Grave stone foundation

24

vent

25

opening

26

Roof profile, inclined to the sides

27

Roof profile, inclined to the center

28

vegetation mat

29

ridge

30

shiplap

31

return

32

head Start

34

Reinforcement / recess

36

recess

38

Handle

40

safety fence

41

head

42.43

gap

45

Inlet opening, slot

50

planter

52, 53

drain hole

54

anchorage point

56

Cover plate or cover

Claims (30)

1. Reusable burial chamber (100, 200, 300, 400) which is to be disposed on the bottom of a grave and has an inner compartment which is enclosed by at least one frame-like or trough-shaped wall element (20, 20', 21) and a cover (22) resting thereon and which forms a compartment for receiving at least one coffin or other means of burial and is vented towards the outside by means of a venting device (24), characterised in that the cover, which delimits the inner compartment in relation to a covering, and/or the wall elements consist, at least partially, of water-permeable, statically stable material and/or the cover and/or wall elements have means (30) for the infiltration of water into the inner compartment.
2. Burial chamber according to claim 1, characterised in that the water-permeable cover and/or wall elements consist of single-sized aggregate concrete or material with comparable static and water-permeability properties.
3. Burial chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cover has, on its underside that faces towards the inner compartment, a roof profile (26) which is inclined in relation to at least one inner side of the uppermost wall element, so that water infiltrating through the cover is conducted, on the underside of said cover, to the inner wall of the wall elements.
4. Burial chamber according to claim 3, wherein the roof profile (27) has at least one ridge (29) which faces towards the inner compartment and at which infiltrating water can be drained off into said inner compartment.
5. Burial chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cover is covered with a material which is water-permeable from top to bottom and air-impermeable from bottom to top.
6. Burial chamber according to claim 4, characterised in that the water-permeable and air-impermeable material is a mat (28) of vegetation which is spread over the entire length and breadth of the burial-chamber cover.
7. Burial chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the means for infiltration is a stepped rebate (30) which is lowered, in relation to the inner compartment, between the wall element and the cover which has been put on or between individual wall elements which are disposed one above another, or a frame which is inclined in relation to said inner compartment, via which rebate or frame water can be infiltrated into said inner compartment.
8. Burial chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the means for infiltration is at least one opening (45) in the cover and/or the wall element, which opening is horizontal or is predominantly inclined towards the inner compartment.
9. Burial chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a drain for the egress of water accumulating in the burial chamber is disposed in the vicinity of the bottom of the burial chamber.
10. Burial chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cover is of multipart construction and the head part of the cover is of raised construction, and said cover is constructed, in a manner anchored at the depth of the bottom of the grave via the wall elements, as the foundation (23) of a gravestone.
11. Burial chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a frame-like circumferential reinforcement (40) is put on on the front side and foot side of the uppermost wall element.
12. Burial chamber according to claim 11, characterised in that the clear internal dimension (L) of the circumferential reinforcement reaches beyond the breadth of the cover, so that said cover can be removed through the circumferential reinforcement.
13. Burial chamber according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the head side (41) of the circumferential reinforcement is broadened and raised in such a way that said head side can be used as the foundation of a grave stone when said circumferential reinforcement has been put on.
14. Burial chamber according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterised in that, when the circumferential reinforcement has been put on, a gap (42) which is directed predominantly vertically is formed on at least one longitudinal side of said burial chamber between the inner side of said circumferential reinforcement and the cover or wall element.
15. Burial chamber according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterised in that the upper, inner and/or outer side of the circumferential reinforcement are finished with marble, facing concrete and/or other visually attractive materials.
16. Burial chamber according to claim 15, characterised in that, when the grave has been closed, the upper side of the circumferential reinforcement projects out of the ground as a border for the grave and/or as a support for footpath slabs.
17. Burial chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least part of the cover is constructed as a trough (50) which is substantially closed in the downward direction and open in the upward direction.
18. Burial chamber according to claim 17, characterised in that the trough is a plant trough and a mat (28) of vegetation rests on the bottom of said trough and/or at least one run-off aperture (52) is constructed in the lower region of the side walls of said trough.
19. Burial chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cover has, on its upper side, stop points (54) at which the said cover can be easily lifted off.
20. Burial chamber according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cover has an aperture (25), the venting device (24) is inserted in said aperture, the exit of said venting device is masked in a gas-permeable manner and a filter is interposed in said venting device.
21. Burial chamber according to claim 20, characterised in that the venting device can be easily removed from the aperture and, when the venting device has been removed, said aperture is suitable as a passage, for example for an urn.
22. Interment device having at least one reusable burial chamber according to one of the preceding claims, said interment device further comprising a drainage system (13) which is disposed outside said burial chamber, on or above the level of the bottom (10) of the grave.
23. Interment device according to claim 22, characterised in that the drainage system is disposed along an outer wall of the head or foot side of the burial chamber.
24. Interment device according to claim 22 or 23, characterised in that the burial chamber is disposed on the bottom of a grave, which bottom consists in a thickness of floor material, for example medium sand, which is capable of storing water.
25. Interment device according to one of claims 22 to 24, characterised in that the outer side of the burial chamber is filled in against the ground, or in the case of a number of burial chambers which are disposed side by side in a spaced-apart manner, the intervening space between the burial chambers is filled in, with a material (11), for example medium sand, which is capable of infiltration and is water-absorbent.
26. Interment device according to one of claims 22 to 25, characterised in that at least part of the cover of the burial chamber is constructed as a plant trough and, when said plant trough has been removed, the adjoining border of the grave hinders caving-in, either by means of other remaining parts of the cover or by means of separate elements that support the border of the grave.
27. Interment device according to one of claims 22 to 26, characterised in that the cover comprises a plant trough which has, in that region of the burial chamber which is on the foot side, an upper covering element which is strong enough to be walked on.
28. Interment device according to one of claims 22 to 27, characterised in that, in the case of burial chambers which are disposed side by side in a spaced-apart manner, the intervening space between said burial chambers is filled in until just below the upper edge of the uppermost wall element and the cover also comprises a plant trough and the intervening spaces between adjacent plant troughs are covered by means of covering elements (56).
29. Interment device according to one of claims 22 to 28, characterised in that the burial chamber is equipped with a moistening device by means of which an air humidity which is favourable to putrefaction and decomposition can be set within the inner compartment.
30. Interment device according to claim 29, characterised in that at least one burial chamber has a humidity-measuring instrument for measuring the humidity within the inner compartment, the moistening device comprises a water-supplying system branched into the burial chambers and water is conducted into said burial chambers via said water-supplying system when the humidity-measuring device measures a humidity which lies below a preset minimum value.

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