DE9109652U1 - Burial chamber - Google Patents

Description

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A18.22.DE5 Burial chamber 01.08.91

Conventional burial can cause significant problems under unfavorable circumstances. If the soil has an unfavorable mineralogical composition, e.g. if it contains a high proportion of silt or clay, and if the water flow is unfavorable, e.g. if there is frequent stagnant water, layered water, retained water or high groundwater, complete decomposition within a certain resting period cannot be guaranteed. The aerobic bacteria that are important for decomposition cannot become effective and the necessary oxidation processes cannot take place. This often requires expensive amelioration measures, e.g. drainage measures or artificial aeration of the soil. Sometimes only filling the soil helps, which practically amounts to creating a new burial ground.

Despite the measures mentioned above, the reoccupation of a burial ground after the usual rest period has expired can be fraught with unpleasant side effects that are sometimes unacceptable for the cemetery staff.

A remedy was attempted with a reusable burial chamber (DE-OS 35 37 367.9), which consists largely of prefabricated concrete parts. It has several chamber rings that are placed one on top of the other in a pit, whereby they are guided between each other by circumferential steps at both the upper and lower edges of the chamber rings. At the lowest point there is a base plate onto which the chamber rings are loosely placed. Ceiling plates are placed on the topmost chamber ring, which close off the interior of the burial chamber at the top. These ceiling plates are located about 60 cm below ground level. The space between them is filled with earth, especially topsoil, up to the

Filled to ground level. This earth covering of the burial chamber encloses a gas lock, which is placed on a passage opening in one of the ceiling panels. It has gas passage openings, which are designed in such a way that seepage water cannot penetrate into the gas lock and through it into the burial chamber. If the gas atmosphere in the burial chamber builds up to excess pressure, e.g. when the atmospheric pressure drops, a part of the gas content of the burial chamber can escape through the gas lock and its gas passage openings. Therefore, the gas passage openings of the gas lock must be located a certain distance below ground level, or, in other words, a certain layer of earth cover must remain above the gas outlet openings so that this layer of earth can act as a filter in which the soil fauna and flora free the gases emerging from the burial chamber from those components that could cause odor nuisances.

At one end of this burial chamber there is a narrow ceiling plate that always remains in this place. It serves as a support plate for a foundation block that holds a gravestone.

This well-known burial chamber has some disadvantages. One of the disadvantages is that its chamber rings are loosely placed on top of one another and the lowest chamber ring rests loosely on the base plate. In the base plate there is also an opening above a bone pit, which is only loosely covered by a plate. The ceiling plates also rest loosely on the top chamber ring. This allows seepage water from the surrounding area to penetrate into the burial chamber, not to mention high groundwater or aquifer water. This can significantly impair the decomposition process in the burial chamber. In practice, the base plate is also very often omitted, so that the burial chamber is also open to the penetration of pale,

especially from groundwater and backwater. This structure and installation method of the known burial chamber requires each burial chamber to be connected to a drainage system, so that the penetrating water can be drained away as quickly as possible and directed to a sewage treatment plant.

This additional drainage causes considerable costs for installation and maintenance of the drainage. In addition, further costs arise for the treatment of the diverted water.

Another major disadvantage of this burial chamber is that every time the grave is opened for a subsequent burial or for a new burial, the earth covering with the plants on it must be removed and put aside, and that after the burial the earth covering must be put back on the burial chamber. The plants must also be removed and practically completely replaced beforehand. This causes a considerable amount of work with corresponding costs for each subsequent burial. This often also results in additional costs for at least partially replacing the plants if they were damaged when they were removed.

During this work, the earth covering must be removed to the outside of the floor plan area of the burial chamber. In addition, a peripheral formwork must be installed in this area, i.e. from the upper edge of the burial chamber to the ground level, which prevents the earth area around the burial chamber from collapsing. This peripheral formwork must then be removed again, which requires corresponding work both during installation and removal and therefore incurs costs.

Another disadvantage of this burial chamber is that when used as a sunken burial chamber, in which there are two chamber areas on top of each other, it is

Placing the second coffin above the lower coffin already in the burial chamber requires the insertion of support rods so that the upper coffin can be placed on top of them. This has the further disadvantage that during the second burial the burial chamber is open all the way to the lower chamber area and that the lower coffin is therefore fully visible, regardless of the condition of the coffin and its contents. The same applies to any fumes from the decomposition process that may be emitted from the lower coffin. This is particularly unpleasant if this decomposition process is in full swing due to the time gap between the previous burial. This can lead to unacceptable conditions for those taking part in the second burial.

Another disadvantage of this burial chamber is that after the earth cover has been refilled, the soil will inevitably settle. Therefore, after a certain time, this earth cover must be replenished either from the leftover earth or from soil obtained from elsewhere. This circumstance also has the disadvantage that the plants cannot be reinserted until after this settling period. Otherwise, any plants that have been planted immediately must be removed again and reinserted after the earth cover has been replenished.

The invention specified in claim 1 is based on the object of creating a burial chamber made of prefabricated components, which is relatively easy to install, which enables a trouble-free decomposition process and in which subsequent burials are simpler and easier and with less effort and cost.

Because the longitudinal retaining walls are longer, a whole group of burial chambers can be accommodated within the retaining walls. Since the retaining walls are permanently installed and then remain in place,

They ensure that when one of the burial chambers is opened for a burial, especially for a subsequent burial, no soil from the surrounding area can fall into the burial chamber or even break into it in large quantities. As a result, no further excavation work is required in the outer area after the support walls and the burial chambers have been installed.

Because the lid of the burial chamber is designed as a trough, in which the earth cover for the gas lock is housed, which serves both as a gas filter and as a planting base for the plants, the trough serving as the lid can be lifted off with all its contents at each subsequent burial and stored away for the duration of the burial.

15>. The plants remain completely undisturbed, as they do not have to be removed or stored separately. On the contrary, they can be properly cared for in the trough in the meantime. No other earthwork is required, as is necessary with the well-known burial chamber. Of course, the area around the gas lock also remains untouched. The gas lock is therefore not exposed to any risk of damage. This also eliminates the need for subsequent refilling of the earth cover with the associated personnel effort and expense. There is also no need to replant the grave.

Advantageous embodiments can be found in the subclaims.
30

By means of a design according to claim 2, the number of available burial chambers can be increased practically at will.

-G-

By means of a design according to claim 3, a particularly narrow separating joint is achieved between the longitudinal retaining walls and the transverse retaining walls, so that special sealing measures can be omitted.
5

In a design according to claim 4, the supporting walls can be set up at the same ground level as the chamber rings. In a design according to claim 5, the supporting walls are not only supported from the outside by the filling material, but are also weighted down at the same time, which greatly increases their stability. In a design according to claim 6, the supporting walls are weighted down by the weight of the burial chambers, which also increases their stability.

With a design according to claim 7, the spacers ensure that the chamber rings or floor pans are not accidentally placed too close to one another and that their troughs are therefore not placed too close to one another, which could make it difficult to lift out and put in a single trough. With the further development according to claim 8, the spacers do not have to be used separately. The chamber rings or floor pans automatically maintain the correct mutual distance, and they also support one another so that unevenness in the surface on which they are placed cannot lead to adjacent chamber rings or floor pans being at an angle.

With a design according to claim 9, on the one hand, open gaps between the individual burial chambers are avoided and, in addition, the possibility is created of arranging the burial chambers with such a large mutual distance and making the cover plates so wide that one can also stand on them transversely to the burial chamber without stepping on the earth covering of the neighboring burial chamber. The same applies to a design according to claim 10 for the

Gap between the narrow sides of the burial chambers and the adjacent longitudinal retaining walls, although the width of the cover plates can be kept smaller there because a footpath or even a driveway is provided along the longitudinal retaining walls on at least one side, via which the individual burial chambers can be reached.

With a design according to claim 11, local irregularities in the floor of the pit for the burial chambers, in particular locally different load-bearing capacities of the floor, can be compensated for by the foot sills, because the floor sills can be made significantly longer than the width of the individual chamber rings or floor pans. In particular, if the floor sills are arranged in an overlapping manner, this practically automatically results in a leveling of the support surface of the chamber rings or floor pans.

A design according to claim 12 ensures that the water emerging from the troughs, for example, cannot accumulate between the trough and the adjacent retaining wall, but can immediately drain off to below the chamber rings.

The invention is explained in more detail below using some embodiments shown in the drawing. They show:

Fig. 1 a longitudinal section of a burial chamber and a cross section of two longitudinal supporting walls; Fig. 2 a cross section of the burial chamber according to Fig. 1; Fig. 3 a plan view of a single burial chamber according to

Fig.1;
Fig. 4 is a partial plan view of a group of burial chambers, partly with the cover removed;

Fig. 5 is a view of a transverse retaining wall; Fig. 6 is a side view of the transverse retaining wall according to Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 shows a partial and enlarged cross-section of two adjacent burial chambers;

Fig. 8 a partial cross-section of a burial chamber with a modified longitudinal retaining wall and with a floor threshold;

Fig. 9 a top view of two burial chambers with floor thresholds according to Fig. 8.

The burial chamber 160 shown in Fig. 1 has a floor pan 161 and a trough 162. The trough 162 serves as a lid for the floor pan 161.

The base pan 161 has a ring-shaped, closed peripheral wall 163, which has a rectangular floor plan. At the lower end of the peripheral wall 163 there is a base 164, which is made in one piece with the peripheral wall 163. The base pan 161 is made of reinforced concrete.

The upper edge of the base pan 161 is provided with a peripheral edge profile 165. It is formed by a channel 166 that has a V-shaped cross-section. It is arranged symmetrically to the center plane of the peripheral wall 163.

The trough 162 is designed similarly to the base pan 161. It has a ring-shaped, closed peripheral wall 167 and a base 168 made in one piece with it. Its upper edge 169 is flat. On the underside of the base 168, in the continuation of the peripheral wall 167, there is a peripheral edge profile 171, which is designed as a counter profile to the upper edge profile 165 of the base pan 161. It is formed by a peripheral roof-shaped rib 172, which fits exactly into the channel 166.

The trough 162 has a certain clearance height, which is generally about 60 cm. At a certain height above the ground 168, the trough 162 has a series of drainage openings 173. The trough 162 accommodates an earth cover 174.

Gas locks (not shown) are arranged in the trough 162, which enable gas and air to be exchanged between the interior of the burial chamber 160, i.e. the interior of the floor pan 161, and the surroundings. The earth cover 174 acts as an odor filter during a gas exchange from the inside to the outside, absorbing the gaseous products of decomposition. The microorganisms present in the earth cover 174 break down these substances, insofar as they are of an organic nature. The gas locks are connected in a gas- and water-tight manner to a passage opening (also not shown) in the floor 168 of the trough 162.

As can be seen from Fig. 4, a largely arbitrary number of burial chambers 160 are arranged next to one another at a certain mutual distance, with their long sides aligned parallel to one another. So that this distance can be maintained when installing the burial chambers 160 without great measuring and alignment effort, the floor pans have a spacer 175 on each of their long sides. It is designed as a rib 176 and is made in one piece with the peripheral wall 163. The ribs 176 begin a certain distance above the underside of the floor 164 and also end a certain distance below the upper edge of the peripheral wall 163 (Fig. 2). The ribs 176 are aligned vertically. As can be seen from Fig. 3, the ribs 176 have a certain distance in the circumferential direction in the same circumferential direction from the center of the relevant long side of the peripheral wall 163, which is the same on both sides. In relation to the ribs 176, the floor pan 161 is designed to be symmetrical on the inside. As a result, two adjacent burial chambers 160 support each other on their long sides (Fig. 4).

As can be seen from Fig. 4, the group of burial chambers 160 is surrounded by two pairs of supporting walls, each pair of which is aligned parallel to each other and at right angles to each other.

For better differentiation, the two supporting walls running in the longitudinal direction of the group of burial chambers 160 are referred to as longitudinal supporting walls 181 and the supporting walls running transversely to them are referred to as transverse supporting walls 182. Only one of the latter is shown in Fig. 4. The other is to be considered as standing outside the drawing sheet.

As can be seen from Fig. 1, the longitudinal support walls 181 are spaced apart from one another at a distance equal to the length of the floor pan 161 in the height range of the floor pan 161. The wall section 181.1 located in this height range has its wall surface 183 facing the burial chamber 160 directly against the outside of the floor pan 161, specifically on its narrow side. In the wall section 181.2 located in the height range of the trough 162, the wall surface 184 is set back from the wall surface 183 by a certain amount of about 2 to 3 cm, so that a corresponding gap 165 remains open between the wall section 181.2 and the outside of the trough 162. This makes it easier to lift and remove the trough 162 and to reinsert and place the trough 162 onto the base pan 161.

The transverse support walls 182 are arranged between the two longitudinal support walls 181. The width of the transverse support walls 182 is therefore equal to the clear distance between the longitudinal support walls 181. Since this distance is different for the wall sections 181.1 and 181.2, the transverse support wall 182 also has a different width. The lower wall section 182.1 has a width that is equal to the distance between the wall surfaces 183. The wall section 182.2 has a width that is equal to the distance between the wall surfaces 184. At the transition point from the wall section 182.1 to the wall section 182.2 there is a transition surface 186 that is matched to the transition surface between the two wall sections 181.1 and 181.2 of the longitudinal support walls 181. This is generally a downwardly inclined flat surface.

In view of the fact that only one spacer in the form of the rib 176 is present on the burial chamber 160 (Fig. 4) adjacent to the transverse support wall 182, the transverse support wall 182 is also provided with a spacer 187 which, like the floor pans 161, is designed as a rib 188 and generally has the same shape as the ribs 176, but in any case has the same height as them.

If the floor pans in general or the floor pan adjacent to the transverse support wall 182, in particular on the long side facing the transverse support wall 182, is designed without the spacer 175 or if this has been removed for some reason, then the transverse support wall 182 must also be designed without its spacer 187 and, if necessary, this must be removed. In this case, the wall surface 191 of the wall section 182.2 facing the burial chambers 160 is set back by a certain amount of about 2 to 3 cm from the wall surface 192 of the wall section 182.2, as was explained with regard to the wall surfaces on the inside of the longitudinal support walls 181. If this does not happen, the transverse support wall 182 can have a constant wall thickness over its entire height.

In Fig. 1 and Fig. 5, a modification of the longitudinal support walls 181 and the transverse support walls 182 is indicated in dash-dotted lines. This modification concerns a skirting board 193 on the longitudinal support walls 181 and a skirting board 194 on the transverse support walls 182. These skirting boards are generally arranged on the outside of the support walls facing away from the burial chambers. If necessary, they are made in one piece with the relevant support wall, whereby it is also expedient for the steel reinforcement of the support wall to be continued at least a certain distance into the skirting board. These skirting boards fulfill two tasks. Firstly, they increase the contact area or floor area of the associated support wall, whereby

the surface pressure in the ground beneath the retaining wall caused by the weight of the retaining wall is reduced. On the other hand, they increase the stability of the associated retaining wall due to the weight of the filling material placed above the skirting board.

Due to the spacers 175, the mutual distance between two burial chambers 160 is relatively large, and the gap between them is correspondingly wide (Fig. 7). This is bridged by a number of cover plates 196. They have an approximately T-shaped profile, the web part 197 of which is matched to the gap 195 between the burial chambers 160, so that it forms a guide element for the cover plate 196. The cover plates 196 expediently extend to the inner edge 198 of the longitudinal wall 199 of the troughs 162.

The gap 185 between the longitudinal support wall 181 and the burial chambers 160 is bridged in a corresponding manner (Fig. A). For this purpose, cover plates 201 are provided, which are designed similarly to the cover plates 196 and are provided with a web part that is matched to the gap 185. These cover plates 201 also expediently extend on the one hand to the inner edge 202 of the transverse wall 203 of the trough 162 and on the other hand to the outer edge 204 of the longitudinal support wall 181.

From Fig. 8 and Fig. 9, burial chambers 160 can be seen in which the accessories are modified.

The burial chambers 160 rest on floor sills 205. These are arranged in two rows that are aligned parallel to the longitudinal support walls of the group of burial chambers 160. The floor sills 205 have a length that is several times the width of the burial chambers 160. The floor sills 205 can be arranged one behind the other in their longitudinal direction.

, whereby they are aligned with one another. It is more expedient to arrange them laterally offset and at the same time to arrange them lengthwise so that they partially overlap one another (Fig. 9). It is expedient that the overlapping area is located in the area of the long side of a burial chamber 160 (Fig. 9).

Since the burial chambers 160 are higher than the surface 206 of the pit for the burial chambers 160 by the height of the floor sills 205 arranged beneath them, the supporting walls 207 used are higher than the burial chambers 160 by the height of the floor sills 205 so that their upper edge 208 is again at the same height as the upper edge 169 of the troughs 162.

Otherwise, the retaining walls 207 are largely identical to the retaining walls 181 and 182.

The individual burial chambers 160 have a sufficiently large mutual distance due to the spacers 175 in the area of their long sides. The water escaping from the troughs 162 through the drainage openings 173 (Fig. 1), for example rainwater or excess irrigation water, can easily drain away through this gap. Since the wall section 181.1 of the longitudinal support walls 181 fits tightly against the narrow sides of the floor troughs 161, it is expedient to provide one or more drainage grooves 209 running from top to bottom in this wall section 181.1. The water escaping in the area of the narrow sides of the troughs 162 can then also drain away more easily.

Claims (12)

- 14 claims 1. Burial chamber with the following features: - there is at least one closed chamber ring with a certain height, - there is a cover (162) which is placed on the upper edge of the chamber ring and closes the chamber ring at the top, - there is a gas lock, - - which is connected to a through hole in the lid in a gas-tight manner is connected and
- - which allow gas exchange between the interior of the burial chamber (160) and the surrounding area and prevents the ingress of water into the burial chamber (160), - on the lid (162) there is an earth cover (174) which lock the gas lock with a certain Minimum height covered and acts as an odor filter, characterized by the following features: - there are two pairs of retaining walls (181; 182), of which the retaining walls of one pair serve as longitudinal retaining walls (181) and the retaining walls of the other pair serve as transverse retaining walls (182), - the supporting walls (181; 182) of each pair are aligned parallel to each other, - the transverse support walls (182) are aligned at right angles to the longitudinal support walls (181) and arranged between them, - the longitudinal support walls (181) are arranged at a certain mutual distance, - - this distance in the height range from the lower edge to a maximum of the upper edge of the existing Chamber rings or bottom pans (161) is at least equal to the length of a chamber ring or bottom pan (161) and - - whereby this distance in the above height area is larger by a certain amount than the length of a chamber ring or the base pan (161), - the length of the longitudinal support walls (181) is greater than twice the width of a chamber ring or a bottom pan (161) and is up to several times the width of a chamber ring or a bottom pan (161), - the length of the transverse support walls (182) is equal to the clear distance between the longitudinal support walls (181), - the mutual distance between the transverse support walls (182) is greater than twice the width of a chamber ring or a base pan (161) and is up to several times the width of a chamber ring or a base pan (161), - within the supporting walls (181; 182) there is a group of burial chambers (160), - - which have at least one chamber ring or a bottom tub (161), - - which are arranged with their long sides parallel to each other at a certain mutual distance in Direction of the longitudinal support walls (181) are arranged next to each other, - - the number of which depends on the clear distance of the cross supports walls (182) and - - whose lid is designed as a trough (162) which receives the earth cover (174). 2. Burial chamber according to claim 1, characterized by the feature: - there are several longitudinal support walls (181) which adjoin one another in the longitudinal direction, - Preferably, the separating joint between two adjacent longitudinal support walls (181) is located within the width extension of a chamber ring or a base pan (161). 3. Burial chamber according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the feature: - the front surface of the transverse support walls (182) is aligned with the inner profile line (183; 184) of the longitudinal support walls (181). 4. Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the feature: - the supporting walls (181'; 182) have a height which is at least approximately equal to the sum of the height of the existing chamber rings or bottom troughs (161) and the height of the trough (162). 5. Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the feature: - the supporting walls (181; 182) have a baseboard (193) which faces away from the burial chambers (160). 6. Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized by the features - at least the longitudinal supporting walls (181) each have a skirting board (193), - - which faces the burial chambers (160) and - - on which the burial chambers (160) rest at least in part, - the supporting walls have a height that is greater by the height of the baseboard (193) than the sum of the height of the existing burial chamber rings or floor troughs (161) and the height of the trough (162). 7. Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the features - between the chamber rings (161) at least two spacers (175) are arranged with a certain mutual distance. 8. Burial chamber according to claim 7, geke &eegr;&eegr;&zgr; eich &eegr; et by the characteristics - the spacers (175) are made in one piece with the chamber ring or the base pan (161) and preferably designed as a vertically aligned rib (176) on the outside of the chamber ring or the base pan (161), - Preferably, there is one spacer (175) per long side, which has a certain distance in the circumferential direction in the same direction of rotation from the center of the long side in question. 9. Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by the features - the intermediate space (195) between two adjacent burial chambers (160) is covered by one or more cover plates (196), - preferably the cover plates (196) have a T-shaped profile, the web part (197) of which is adapted to the gap (195) between the burial chambers (160), - the cover plates (196) preferably extend to the inner edge (198) of the longitudinal wall (199) of the troughs (162). 10. Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 9, g e k e &eegr;&eegr;&zgr; e i c h &eegr; e t by the features - the space (185) between a burial chamber (160) and an adjacent supporting wall (181) is covered by one or more cover plates (201), - preferably the cover plates (201) have a T-shaped profile, the web part of which is adapted to the gap (185) between the burial chamber (160) and the supporting wall (181), - the cover plates (201) preferably extend on the one hand to the inner edge (202) of the transverse wall (203) of the trough (162) and on the other hand to the outer edge (204) of the supporting wall (181). 11. Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by the features - there are speed bumps (203), - - which are aligned parallel to the longitudinal retaining walls (207), - - which are below the lowest chamber ring or the Floor pan (161) and - - which have a length at least equal to the Width of two chamber rings or bottom pans'(161) ast, - preferably, the floor sills (203) are arranged offset in their longitudinal direction with respect to the chamber rings or floor pans (161) by half the width of the chamber rings or floor pans (161), - the thresholds are aligned with each other in the longitudinal direction and/or two consecutive thresholds (205) are arranged laterally offset from each other and partially overlap each other in the longitudinal direction. 12. Burial chamber according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by the feature: - on the chamber rings or bottom pans (161) Adjacent support walls (181) have one or more drainage grooves (209) running from top to bottom in the wall surface (183) facing the chamber ring or the base pan (161).