EP1277898B1 - Method of decontaminating graves - Google Patents

Abstract

To restore burial graves, the grave pit (2) is lowered to a level below the bottom (3) of the pit while retaining unbroken and firm walls and base to support the coffin (4). The cleared zone under the coffin support level is a buffer zone (2') for drainage water, and is filled completely with a material which has a high content of coarse pores and/or hollows e.g. sand with an active carbon content. A drainpipe (7) leads out of the buffer zone into a lower ground level where water can drain.

Description

The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.

In cemeteries that were created in soils with poor water permeability, prepares the seeping into the graves and there stagnant leachate often big problem. As a result of backwater accumulation and the associated Oxygen deficiency is a complete decay of corpses not guaranteed (Problem of the "wax corpses"). There is a considerable need for redevelopment here. Particularly affected are many older cemeteries, where elaborate and large applied remedial measures that can only be carried out with heavier equipment would, for reasons of space and cost excreted.

Known is the construction of a tomb in such a way that below a perforated Bottom plate is a gravel-filled space is formed (US-A-2,235,185).

DE-A-195 00 312 discloses a method for refurbishing a Friednofsfläche, at least a lower part of the grave shafts lying below the water level by giving up to a depth which is less than the grave plot depth, to be dug.

The object of the invention is to provide a method with which a cost-effective Renovation of graves is possible. To solve this problem is a method formed according to claim 1.

The with the inventive method below the actual Grave pit sole created buffer space allows temporary admission of larger amounts of leachate, especially in the cooler season incurred by the lack or decreased evaporation to the environment, so that this leachate cached in the buffer space slowly into the surrounding Soil can seep, even if this soil is low Having permeability. A flooding of the burial pit area and the Coffin interior above the buffer space with leachate is effectively prevented. The inventive method has the great advantage that with him in the Grave of a cemetery and there specifically as needed, i. sometimes. also limited On individual graves a renovation be carried out, which in the individual case the Reduction costs significantly reduced. The stable surrounding the grave pit Natural soil remains intact in the process, which is safe Foundation of tombstones is crucial.

Fig. 1

vier Grabgruben gemäß der Erfindung im Querschnitt;

Fig. 2

in einem Mengen-Zeitdiagramm den Niederschlag und die von dem Pufferraum aufgenommene Sickerwassermengen über einen Zeitraum von mehreren Monaten.

Further developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the figures of an embodiment.
Show it:

Fig. 1

four grave pits according to the invention in cross section;

Fig. 2

in a quantity-time diagram, the precipitation and the leachate volumes taken up by the buffer space over a period of several months.

In the figure 1, an upper bottom layer 1 is shown with low permeability. In This soil layer 1 is a grave pit 2 excavated, with a depth, the goes beyond the level of a prescribed grave pit bottom 3, so that below this grave pit bottom 3, on which the coffin 4 stands up, a buffer space 2 ' arises, which serves for the temporary absorption of leachate. The excavation takes place such that the respective grave pit surrounding steadier or not open soil area from the natural soil 1 is maintained. The buffer space 2 'is with a suitable material, which with sufficient stability Largest cavities or a high proportion of coarse pores guaranteed, filled in, for example, with gravel, preferably also at least partially with sand as Filter media. For further filtering and binding of any in decay escaping pollutants are the filter medium, for example, additional Binders or adsorbents (e.g., activated carbon) are added.

The depth of the buffer space 2 'and thus the volume of this buffer space are under Consideration of the climatic conditions and the percolation of the soil 1 so chosen that in the rainy and colder months increasingly incurred Leachate as completely as possible in the buffer space 2 'as long as cached until it is absorbed by soil 1 during drier weather periods and seeped into deeper soil layers. The grave pit bottom 3 is for example at a depth of 190 cm and the bottom of the buffer space 2 'at a depth of 225 cm, so that e.g. with a proportion of coarse pores of 25% and a grave pit size of 2.05 m x 0.85 m for the buffer space 2 'a storage volume of about 150 liters results.

Figure 2 shows in a graph the measured over a longer period of time Rainfall as a curve 5. Furthermore, in this graph with the curve 6 the from the buffer space 2 'recorded congestion or leachate, where the significant increase in the amount of leachate in the buffer space 2 'during the colder Season is to determine, in which the leachate quantity by the missing Evaporation into the environment increases. In curve 6, a seepage water catchment area is considered the grave pit of 5 sqm and a seepage of 10 l / day in the poorly drained underground.

In support of the proposed with the buffer space 2 'rehabilitation effect is the Grave pit 2 filled with a material, which on the one hand due to a high Porous pore portion ensures good water permeability, on the other hand due to a small amount of clay or silt also a certain Has water retention. Higher amounts of precipitation are due to a Such material sourced quickly dissipated in the buffer space under the Grave pit bottom, smaller precipitation, however, still in the upper part bound and fed to the evaporation. Such a material is for example slightly loamy sand or slightly silty sand, which is due to soil exchange to fill the grave pit 2 is used.

7 with a drainage hole is still indicated in Figure 1, starting from the bottom of the buffer space 2 'is introduced vertically down into the ground, and up to a layer 8 with greater water permeability.

The drainage hole 7 has a cross-section which is smaller than that in any case Width of the grave pit 2 extending perpendicular to the plane of the drawing of FIG. The drainage hole 7, which can be created with light equipment and by the well can be provided starting from the buffer space 2 ', is again with filled with a material that guarantees a high proportion of coarse pores and therefore for Water is as permeable as possible.

The invention has been described above by means of an embodiment. It is understood that numerous changes and modifications are possible, which can still be subordinated to the claims. For example, it is also possible to use the buffer space 2 'by using a other, a high percentage of pores or cavities guaranteeing material to fill, for example, with corresponding, cavities forming moldings made of a durable material, eg. B. concrete.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

natural soil layer, poorly water permeable

2

grave pit

2 '

buffer space

3

Grave pit bottom

4

coffin

5

Course of precipitation

6

Trajectory of backwater

7

drain hole

8th

natural soil layer, good permeability to water

Claims (4)

1. Method for draining graves with a grave pit (2) that is to be refilled, characterised in that
   the grave pit (2) is deepened to below a level corresponding to the grave pit floor (3) such that an unopened and stable soil area remains that surrounds the entire grave pit (2), and
   that in order to create a buffer space (2') for any draining water, the space that arises during deepening is filled up to the height of the grave pit floor (3) with a material that has a high proportion of macropores and/or cavities.
2. Method in accordance with claim 1, characterised in that to produce the buffer space, pebbles and/or sand is used, to which are added for example further filtering or absorbent substances (such as activated carbon).
3. Method in accordance with claim 1 or 2, characterised in that starting from the buffer space (2'), at least one drainage bore hole (7) is inserted into the soil (1), preferably as far as a soil layer (8) that is suitable for bearing water.
4. Method in accordance with one of the preceding claims, characterised in that above the buffer space (2'), the grave pit is filled with a material which on the one hand ensures good water permeability on account of a high proportion of macropores, but on the other hand also has a certain water retention value on account of a low proportion of clay or coarse clay, for example with weakly loamy or weakly silty sand.

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