Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
  • H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
  • H05K3/12—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns
  • H05K3/1275—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns by other printing techniques, e.g. letterpress printing, intaglio printing, lithographic printing, offset printing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
  • H01L21/70—Manufacture or treatment of devices consisting of a plurality of solid state components formed in or on a common substrate or of parts thereof; Manufacture of integrated circuit devices or of parts thereof
  • H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
  • H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
  • H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
  • H05K3/02—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
  • H05K3/02—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding
  • H05K3/04—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding the conductive material being removed mechanically, e.g. by punching
  • H05K3/046—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which the conductive material is applied to the surface of the insulating support and is thereafter removed from such areas of the surface which are not intended for current conducting or shielding the conductive material being removed mechanically, e.g. by punching by selective transfer or selective detachment of a conductive layer
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
  • H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
  • H05K3/12—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns
  • H05K3/1266—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern using thick film techniques, e.g. printing techniques to apply the conductive material or similar techniques for applying conductive paste or ink patterns by electrographic or magnetographic printing
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
  • H05K1/02—Details
  • H05K1/03—Use of materials for the substrate
  • H05K1/0393—Flexible materials
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
  • H05K2201/03—Conductive materials
  • H05K2201/032—Materials
  • H05K2201/0329—Intrinsically conductive polymer [ICP]; Semiconductive polymer
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
  • H05K2203/01—Tools for processing; Objects used during processing
  • H05K2203/0104—Tools for processing; Objects used during processing for patterning or coating
  • H05K2203/0108—Male die used for patterning, punching or transferring
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
  • H05K2203/05—Patterning and lithography; Masks; Details of resist
  • H05K2203/0502—Patterning and lithography
  • H05K2203/0517—Electrographic patterning
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
  • H05K2203/05—Patterning and lithography; Masks; Details of resist
  • H05K2203/0502—Patterning and lithography
  • H05K2203/0528—Patterning during transfer, i.e. without preformed pattern, e.g. by using a die, a programmed tool or a laser
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
  • H05K2203/10—Using electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields; Using laser light
  • H05K2203/107—Using laser light
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
  • H05K2203/11—Treatments characterised by their effect, e.g. heating, cooling, roughening
  • H05K2203/1131—Sintering, i.e. fusing of metal particles to achieve or improve electrical conductivity
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
  • H05K2203/15—Position of the PCB during processing
  • H05K2203/1545—Continuous processing, i.e. involving rolls moving a band-like or solid carrier along a continuous production path
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
  • H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
  • H05K3/10—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern
  • H05K3/20—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by affixing prefabricated conductor pattern
  • H05K3/207—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits in which conductive material is applied to the insulating support in such a manner as to form the desired conductive pattern by affixing prefabricated conductor pattern using a prefabricated paste pattern, ink pattern or powder pattern

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the production of electrical or integrated circuits, and in particular to methods for producing electrical or integrated circuits with a plurality of electrical elements.
• Electrical and integrated circuits are usually produced using complex lithographic and wet-chemical processes.
• the layers used in semiconductor technology must be on the semiconductor wafers in a variety of individual areas, for. B. conductor tracks can be divided. This structuring is currently carried out almost entirely with the help of lithographic technology.
• An essential feature of this technique is a radiation-sensitive resist layer which is irradiated in the desired areas in such a way that only the irradiated (or only the non-irradiated) areas are removed in a suitable developer.
• the resist pattern thus created then serves as a mask in a subsequent process step, e.g. B. in an etching or wet etching. Finally the resist mask is removed.
• the resist mask therefore only has a temporary function and is therefore not part of the integrated circuit.
• PCB PCB
• vias must be implemented in the printed circuit boards.
• ICs integrated circuits
• through holes vertical vias (through holes). These through holes are then filled with a conductive material.
• so-called sputtering processes with a subsequent galvanic process for increasing the layer thickness can be used to produce printed circuit boards for electrical and integrated circuits.
• the increase in layer thickness is necessary in the sputtering process in order to reduce the surface resistance of the extremely thin sputtering layer.
• this conductor substrate is now generally equipped with the appropriate active components (ICs, diodes, transistors) and the corresponding passive components (resistive, capacitive, inductive components) with the aid of automatic placement machines.
• active components ICs, diodes, transistors
• passive components resistive, capacitive, inductive components
• circuit substrates are placed on different machines, e.g. B. to implement a lithography system, a coater, a developer system, an etching and strip system and placement systems.
• the object of the present invention is to provide an improved and simplified method for producing an electrical circuit with a plurality of electrical elements.
• a substrate is provided, whereupon a layer of a material is applied to the substrate, the material comprising an electrically functional polymer material. Finally, at least part of the material is fixed to the substrate using a radiation source in order to obtain a defined structure from fixed material.
• the present invention is based on the finding that, using so-called rapid prototyping methods and by means of suitable materials which have electrically functional polymer materials, active and / or passive electrical circuit elements are preferably applied in layers to a substrate, the active and / or passive electrical circuit elements both component-carrying conductor tracks or circuit boards as well as passive and active, discrete or integrated, electrical or electronic components, such as resistive elements, capacitive elements or inductive elements, diodes, transistors, sensors or optical components, or integrated electrical circuits, actuators, receiver / transmitter devices, wireless communication systems and combinations thereof.
• Electrical circuit elements can now be applied in the form of electrically functional polymer materials according to the invention without great effort using a manufacturing method based on a rapid prototyping process on a suitable substrate or a suitable carrier and replace the conventional printed circuit board and semiconductor manufacturing technology.
• the manufacturing method according to the invention is not only limited to the manufacture of electrical or electronic circuit elements in two-dimensional space.
• With the rapid prototyping production method according to the invention it is also possible to apply a plurality of electrically functional layers vertically one above the other and at the same time to electrically (eg conductively) network with one another.
• a key word here is vertical system integration, in which the otherwise usual two-dimensional direction of propagation of the electrical
• Circuit and the integrated circuits is expanded vertically to the third dimension and any three-dimensional spread of the electronic circuit with any spatial shape or direction is achieved.
• resistors can be extended to any active and passive components, such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes, transistors, sensors etc., with any spatial shape or direction. It is therefore possible with the present invention to implement fully integrated system solutions.
• the method steps for applying and fixing electrically functional polymer materials ie for example conductive or semiconducting polymer materials, that is to say in accordance with the preferred exemplary embodiment are carried out entirely by means of a rapid prototyping arrangement, so that complex lithographic or wet-chemical production processes for electrical / electronic circuits and circuits can be completely eliminated.
• the method according to the invention for applying and fixing the electrically functional polymer materials to a substrate is compatible with all rapid prototyping arrangements with which electrically functional polymer materials can be structured and processed in layers to form electrical circuit elements.
• the rapid prototyping method of the present invention for the production of electrical circuits and integrated circuits is suitable for cost-effective roll-to-roll mass production as well as for discontinuous sheet applications (single sheet).
• a possible electrically functional polymer material is, for example, the (intrinsically conductive) pentacene, the melting point of which is approximately 190 ° C., or the poly3-hexylthiophene, which has a melting point of approximately 230 ° C.
• the specific resistance of the pentacene material is only slightly larger, about a factor of 10, than the specific resistance of copper.
• a suitable substrate or substrate material all solid and / or flexible substrate materials, such as. B. plastic films, metal foils, flexible glass fiber substrates, cardboard, paper or textiles can be used.
• (electrically) functional polymer materials enables the respective electrically functional property of the polymer materials to be matched to the particular intended use of the electronic circuit component to be produced.
• the respective layer thickness of the layers to be fixed can be suitably adjusted by changing or appropriately setting the radiation intensity of the radiation sources.
• the electrically functional polymer materials for example conductive or semiconducting functional polymer materials, for example by melting and / or curing
• the electrically functional particles or to provide particles (for example silicon particles) on their surface for example with a meltable outer layer, for example a meltable adhesive, in order in this way on the one hand to maintain the adhesion between the polymer particles and to enable the substrate and, on the other hand, sintering or direct contact of the polymer particles with one another.
• the electrically functional polymer particles can also be mixed or coated with an adhesion promoter, for example a resin, in order to form the adhesion between the substrate and the polymer particles and in order to subsequently harden the adhesion promoter.
• the electrical conduction mechanism (effect) of the electrically functional polymer materials is comparable to the conduction mechanism (effect) of silver-filled pastes, the electrical conductivity being caused by electron diffusion and electron hopping processes or by direct contact of the electrically functional polymer particles is achieved.
• a silicon powder coated with an adhesive can also be used as the electrically active functional polymer material, for example in order to integrate a transistor in the printed electrical circuit.
• Materials such as polythiophene, pentacenes, fullarenes, polyaniline, coated Si materials and many other electrically functional, eg. B. conductive or semiconductive, polymer materials are processed.
• Coated metal particles and polyaniline can be used as conductor materials, which can also be used as passive components, such as resistors or capacitors, by suitable variation of the layer thicknesses or by adjusting the proportions between the coating material and the conductive polymer particles.
• CAD Computer aided design
• RPT rapid prototyping
• Fig. 1 shows a method for producing an electrical element by means of a rapid prototyping method according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• the arrangement 10 shows a rapid prototyping arrangement 10 for carrying out the 3d printing process.
• the arrangement 10 comprises a substrate 12, which is fed continuously or in sheets by means of a first guide roller 14 to the arrangement 10 and transported further by means of a second guide roller 16.
• the arrangement 10 further comprises an optical device 18 for the targeted supply of a laser beam 20.
• the arrangement 10 comprises a supply device 22 for powder particles or for electrically functional particles 24, which are glued together, for example, with an external binder material (not shown). that is applied in a defined manner to the substrate 12 with the powder particles 24.
• 1 also shows a three-dimensional microsystem 26 with an integrated polymer chip 28 that is already largely completely manufactured.
• the rapid prototyping arrangement 10 is used to apply 22 powder particles with electrically functional particles 24 to the substrate 12 from a powder feed, preferably in layers.
• the applied powder particles 24 with the electrically functional polymer particles are mixed (glued) with an external binder material (not shown) before or after application to the substrate 12 and applied in a defined manner to the substrate roll 12.
• the electrically functional polymer material 24 bonded to the external binder material, i. H. the powder particles with the polymer particles are then thermally cured with the laser beam 20 in order to obtain, for example, the three-dimensional microsystem 26 with the integrated polymer chip 28 shown in FIG. 1.
• complete electronic components 26 can thus be manufactured, for example, with a height of up to several millimeters or centimeters , in which electrical and non-electrical components are generated in parallel or simultaneously. So both for example, in the case of a sensor using the rapid prototyping printing process, the electrically active layers of the sensor are produced while encapsulating and embedding the electronic elements.
• the property of the respective polymer materials can be adapted to the respective intended use, i. H. be matched to the electrical element to be generated in each case.
• a common feature of all rapid prototyping systems is the layered structure of the workpiece, i. H. of the electrical element to be produced, such as integrated circuits or circuits, where the simplest layer structure can consist of only a single layer of an electrically functional polymer material.
• 3d CAD data of the element to be produced are first broken down into cross sections in order to use them to build the basic mechanical structure, circuit structure or the integrated circuit in the actual manufacturing process of the electrical element.
• the various rapid prototyping processes can be classified according to the state of aggregation of the starting material and the physical principles of solidification of the starting material, ie the electrically functional polymer material.
• the various rapid prototyping processes a distinction can be made, for example, between the following physical principles, namely the solidification of liquid materials by means of polymerization processes, the melting and melting of solid materials or powders, the bonding of granules or powders with additional binder materials, and one Separation from the gas phase.
• the cross sections of the electrical element to be produced are produced by locally curing a light-sensitive (for example UV-sensitive), liquid photopolymer material.
• a laser e.g. B. emits ultraviolet light, exposes the contours and cut surfaces of the electrical element to be produced which are required according to the cross-sectional geometries.
• the workpiece is set up on a lowerable platform in a photopolymer bath.
• Some of the functional particles can already be contained in the photopolymer material, or the functional particles can be added in doses from the outside.
• UV-active photopolymer materials based on epoxy and acrylic resin can be used.
• selective laser sintering which is also simply referred to as laser sintering, is understood to mean the local heating of powder material to sinter or Melting temperature.
• the material is, for example, partially or completely melted by a CO 2 laser according to the geometry of the individual cross-sectional views and solidified after cooling.
• materials for this method are e.g. B. polycarbonate, polystyrene, nylon and investment wax.
• an electron beam source is used instead of the UV, IR light source or the laser, with which the energy required for curing the polymer materials can be generated.
• electrical elements i.e. H. electrical components including their housings are made of organic materials such as polymer materials, waxes, etc.
• the present invention thus represents a completely new concept for the production of electrical and integrated circuits.
• component-carrying circuit boards as well as passive and / or active electrical components can be applied to a substrate.
• the electrically functional, e.g. B. conductive or semiconducting, polymer materials do not have to be fully are constantly melted, but it suffices the electrically functional particles, for. B. Si particles, to be provided with a meltable outer layer so as to enable sintering or direct contact of the electrically functional polymer particles.
• the functional polymer particles can also be mixed with a resin, which forms the adhesion between the substrate and the particles.
• electrically functional materials such as pentacene, polythiophenes, fullarenes, polyaniline, particles of metal or a semiconductor material coated with resin or adhesive, photopolymers based on epoxy and / or acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polystyrene, Nylon or investment casting wax, phthalocyanines, cupfer (II) phthalocyanine, carboxyldiimide, tetracarboxyldiimide, poly (3-alkylthiophenes, poly (3-hexylthiophene) 2, 5-diyl and combinations thereof can be processed , possible resolution of the RPT arrangement used.
• polymer materials such as pentacene, polythiophenes, fullarenes, polyaniline, particles of metal or a semiconductor material coated with resin or adhesive, photopolymers based on epoxy and / or acrylic resin, polycarbonate, polystyrene, Nylon or investment casting wax, phthalocyanines, cupfer (II) phthalocyanine, carb
• Ormocers, epocides, acrylates, cyanates and their modifications are used, for example, for the passivation and packaging of electrically conductive or active layers.
• Coated metal particles, pentacenes or polyaniline, for example, are used as conductor material, which can also be used as passive components, such as resistors or capacitors, by varying the layer thicknesses or by adjusting the proportions between the coating and the conductive polymer particles.
• the fixing for example by melting, of functional polymer materials, the printed circuit board manufacture, its assembly process and the manufacture of integrated circuits (ICs) can be combined in one device. be united in order to implement integrated circuits or integrated system solutions.
• ICs integrated circuits
• All of the RPT production processes listed in connection with the present invention are suitable both for cost-effective roll-to-roll production and for discontinuous sheet applications.
• the layer thicknesses of the individual polymer material layers are dependent on the RPT production process used, in which corresponding powdery, liquid, gaseous, pasty, gel-like or other suitable materials which have functional polymer materials are used.
• layer thicknesses in the nm range to ⁇ m range can be achieved with powdery materials
• layer thicknesses in the nm range to mm range can be achieved with liquid materials
• layer thicknesses in the molecular range down to the nm range with gaseous materials can be achieved with pasty materials, for example, layer thicknesses in the ⁇ m range to mm range
• gel-shaped materials for example, layer thicknesses in the nm range to ⁇ m range can be achieved.
• the desired electrical functionality of the polymer material for example, can ultimately only be achieved by fixing (melting or melting, solidifying, etc.) on the substrate, if only then the desired electrical effects of the electrically functional polymer materials take effect.
• a multi-layer RPT production process can also be carried out, the process described above of applying an electrically functional polymer material to the carrier material then simply multiply according to the desired number of layers is repeated.
• different functional polymer materials can of course also be applied to the substrate or a previous polymer layer in the same plane, ie the same layer so that different structures are possible on the same level.
• the electrical or electronic circuits to be generated can be directly implemented three-dimensionally by a CAD program or a program for generating electrical circuits with the inventive method for producing an electrical element with a rapid prototyping arrangement.
• the following substances can also be used as functional polymer materials for the production of electrical and integrated systems, such as, for. B. metal powder (also semiconducting metals), organic and inorganic compounds in the form of dust or as coatings, mixtures of organic, inorganic and metallic substances, silicates, amorphous, crystalline and polycrystalline materials. All of the above-mentioned substances can be present as dusts or can be used as coatings in order to use them, for example, to produce dusts of all kinds with a functional To coat the layer (eg using a fluidized bed process). In order to obtain the desired properties of the particles, the aforementioned dusts do not have to be applied directly to the substrate material, but rather can be coated with an additional layer (functional or adhesive layer) by pretreatment.
• an additional layer functional or adhesive layer

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
• Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
• Networks Using Active Elements (AREA)
• Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
• Internal Circuitry In Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Devices (AREA)
• Bipolar Transistors (AREA)
• Control Of El Displays (AREA)

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• 2002
  • 2002-12-23 AU AU2002356781A patent/AU2002356781A1/en not_active Abandoned
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  • 2002-12-23 WO PCT/EP2002/014741 patent/WO2003058677A2/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2002-12-23 EP EP02806025A patent/EP1457099B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
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  • 2002-12-23 WO PCT/EP2002/014742 patent/WO2003059027A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
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  • 2002-12-23 AT AT02806025T patent/ATE297649T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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