EP1430487B1 - Procede de mise au rebut d'un objet en ceramique, graphite et/ou charbon contamine par au moins une matiere toxique, en particulier radiotoxique - Google Patents

Procede de mise au rebut d'un objet en ceramique, graphite et/ou charbon contamine par au moins une matiere toxique, en particulier radiotoxique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1430487B1
EP1430487B1 EP02758142A EP02758142A EP1430487B1 EP 1430487 B1 EP1430487 B1 EP 1430487B1 EP 02758142 A EP02758142 A EP 02758142A EP 02758142 A EP02758142 A EP 02758142A EP 1430487 B1 EP1430487 B1 EP 1430487B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
granulate
mass
ceramic
encasing
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02758142A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1430487A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz BRÜCHER
Gerd Haag
Werner Von Lensa
Rainer Moormann
Reinhard Odoj
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Original Assignee
Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH filed Critical Forschungszentrum Juelich GmbH
Publication of EP1430487A1 publication Critical patent/EP1430487A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1430487B1 publication Critical patent/EP1430487B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/28—Treating solids
    • G21F9/30—Processing
    • G21F9/301—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
    • G21F9/302—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix
    • G21F9/305—Glass or glass like matrix
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/008—Apparatus specially adapted for mixing or disposing radioactively contamined material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for disposing of a contaminated with at least one toxicant, in particular radiotoxic article of ceramic, graphite and / or coal.
  • Landfilling of low level radioactive waste in repositories or interim storage facilities is also problematic because of the high volumes and flammability of carbonaceous materials on the one hand and the limited storage capacity on the other. So can at a disused carbon moderated Reactor several 100 tons of low-level radioactive waste.
  • a method of the type mentioned is known in which the object to be disposed of is first heated to remove a portion of the toxic substances by outgassing or thermal decomposition. The removed portion of the toxicant is collected and the partially decontaminated article and the collected toxicant are then separately added to further disposal steps.
  • the high-level trapped toxics are disposed of in a manner already available for more radioactive waste, e.g. B. filters from nuclear facilities, is known. Due to the reduced concentration of radiotoxic agents, the partly decontaminated article may be handled with less stringent requirements and may be stored temporarily or temporarily. It can be treated to protect against fire and leaching the surface of the object, for. B.
  • the objects to be disposed of are from nuclear installations, these are generally massive blocks with dimensions of approximately 0.5 to 1 m in height and width and up to approximately 2 m Length containing significant amounts of different radiotoxic agents. They fall, for example, in decommissioning of graphite-moderated nuclear reactors or in normal operation of gas-cooled reactors by replacing ceramic components, eg. B. fuel element casings or in the form of moderator columns in material test reactors (MTR) or in the form of ceramic or carbonaceous adsorbent from cleaning equipment of all kinds.
  • ceramic components eg. B. fuel element casings or in the form of moderator columns in material test reactors (MTR) or in the form of ceramic or carbonaceous adsorbent from cleaning equipment of all kinds.
  • MTR material test reactors
  • reactor graphite and coal are very susceptible to chemical attack and leaching.
  • Reactor graphite is a graphite mold with extremely high porosity, especially used for nuclear installations. Charcoal is also highly porous.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned above, with which the utilization of given storage capacities can be optimized and at the same time an efficient protection against burning and leaching is given.
  • the object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned, in which the object is comminuted into granules, the object is baked before, during and / or after crushing to reduce its contamination under inert gas atmosphere or vacuum and then the granules either with a liquefied enveloping material is poured around, or mixed with the enveloping compound in powder or granular form and then heated to liquefaction of the enveloping material, the liquefied enveloping material either solidifies itself to a ceramic or chemically reacts with the granules to a ceramic.
  • the crushing of the object allows adaptation of the material to be disposed of to predetermined shapes, eg. B. the shape of transport containers or the geometry of the deposit, and thus optimizing the use of space.
  • a comminution to granules with grain sizes of at most a few cm allows almost any shape.
  • the granules can fully react under appropriate conditions.
  • at least the larger grains of the granules will only react in the range of a surface layer of a few ⁇ m to about 1 mm thickness to form a ceramic.
  • the comminution and the coating of the granules with the enveloping mass also causes the contamination remaining after the heating to dissipate substantially in the volume of the container.
  • This is particularly advantageous for objects to be disposed of, which have a high surface contamination and no or only small volume contamination.
  • the conversion to a volume contamination can lead to much lower requirements for the handling of the container due to the then lower surface dose rate and the given self-shielding.
  • Another advantage of comminution arises when the heating takes place on the granules themselves, as due to the shorter diffusion paths, a more efficient heating can be achieved.
  • the method according to the invention should be carried out so that the comminution takes place under an inert gas atmosphere.
  • an inert gas atmosphere As a result, the risk of ignition and deflagration is reduced and avoided in the case of carbonaceous objects, the reaction with atmospheric oxygen to form CO or CO 2 , which would normally contain C 14 and therefore must not escape.
  • Suitable atmospheres are z. Nitrogen and argon.
  • the parameters to be used in the process according to the invention are each dependent on the nature of the original concentrations of the toxics and the desired properties of the container. Should a Toxikum due to the high stability of its binding to the article not or can be expelled only by uneconomically long periods of time by heating the article to the required extent, the corresponding toxicant by chemical reaction with a suitable substance, eg. As a halogen, in a thermally removable from the object chemical compound, for. As a halide transferred.
  • the heated toxics are - as already known from the prior art - separately collected and disposed of.
  • the mixture produced from the granules and the coating mass can be filled into a suitable container for producing a container which can be stored temporarily or in a repository. This can be done in the flowable or moldable state of the batch to completely fill the container with the batch.
  • a suitable container for producing a container which can be stored temporarily or in a repository. This can be done in the flowable or moldable state of the batch to completely fill the container with the batch.
  • metallic containers is known. However, these have the disadvantage that, due to oxidation of the metal in aqueous solution, hydrogen can form and collect in the repository.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that, after the mixture has been poured, the container is completely filled with a non-contaminated liquid filling compound which solidifies to form a ceramic. In this way the container becomes so closed. that the mixture has no contact with the environment.
  • the filling mass, the z. B. can solidify to the same ceramic, from which the container is made, thus closing the latter.
  • the method according to the invention can also be carried out in such a way that the mixture produced from the granulate and the coating mass is used in the flowable or moldable state for filling the intermediate spaces into other contaminated waste containing containers which can be stored temporarily or in a repository.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that, in order to produce a container which can be stored interim or repository, the mixture produced from the granulate and the coating mass in the flowable or moldable state is completely enveloped by another contaminated waste.
  • the mixture can enclose the other contaminated objects without a gap and thus form a container adapted to the content itself. If the residual contamination, in particular in the area of the surface of the batch, is sufficiently low, the container can be temporarily stored or disposed of without further encasing. For this purpose, he can use a suitable form, for. B. a cuboid or cylinder abandoned.
  • the other wastes are completely enclosed by the mixture, these may also be those which themselves are considerably more contaminated than the mixture, eg. B. high-level waste, z. B. fuel.
  • the shielding by the ceramic cladding can be completely sufficient for final disposal. Otherwise, further shielding measures according to the prior art are to be taken.
  • Both the filling of the interspaces and the wrapping of waste with the mixture can advantageously be carried out before its complete solidification. However, it is also possible to provide this in a later step after separate heating of the batch.
  • the inventive method can be carried out so that the mixture produced from the granules and the enveloping mass formed into a container, the container filled with further contaminated waste, sealed and interposed with this content or stored.
  • the mixture is thus processed into a commodity that may be suitable for wrapping even highly radioactive waste.
  • the container may, for. B. cup-shaped. Covering elements, such as covers, can also be molded.
  • a container of two or more parts may, for. By silicon deposited from the gas phase of a silicon-containing compound, or by application of silicon carbide, e.g. made from non-contaminated raw materials are closed. It is also possible to provide the container parts with a thread.
  • the process according to the invention can also be carried out in such a way that a carbide former is used as the encapsulant in carbonaceous articles.
  • liquid silicon which forms SiC with carbon is suitable.
  • the ceramic SiC forms around the grains of the granules a refractory and leaching resistant and abrasion resistant protective layer.
  • Other suitable carbide formers are z. As boron and zirconium.
  • the method according to the invention can also be designed in such a way that reinforcing ceramic fibers are added to the enveloping mass or to the mixture produced from the granulate and the enveloping mass.
  • the fibers can z. B. as wound fibers, fiber mats or pieces of fiber from a few mm to a few cm in length can be used. They increase the ductility and thus the resistance of the container against cracking and embrittlement when they are present in the container, in the ceramic envelope or in the container contents.
  • phenolic resins can also be added. When heated, they are decomposed and the resulting carbon can be mixed with the envelope, e.g. As silicon to SiC react.
  • metal structures for reinforcing the ceramic are also conceivable.
  • the process according to the invention can also be carried out in such a way that casting over with the liquefied coating mass or heating of the mixture of coating mass and granules takes place in a vacuum.
  • a vacuum can already be generated during the comminution of the article in order to reduce the risk of deflagration as well as the CO or CO 2 formation.
  • inventive method can be carried out so that the object and the resulting granules are moistened during comminution with a nonflammable liquid.
  • the inventive method can also be carried out so that the object is dipped into a non-combustible liquid for comminution.
  • Both for the moistening and the comminution in liquid water is particularly suitable. If the material of the object to be disposed of water is not wetted, this can be added to a suitable solvent.
  • the inventive method can also be carried out so that collected during comminution of the object and floating in the liquid dust is collected and encapsulated with the granules with the envelope mass.
  • the dust can be collected by filtering and / or by evaporating the liquid. The dust is thus effectively supplied for disposal.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out in such a way that the liquid is collected and returned to the process.
  • the liquid is circulated, whereby the environment is relieved.
  • the process according to the invention can also be carried out in such a way that the surface of the mixture is oxidized.
  • the enveloping compound unless it is itself a liquefied ceramic, in the process according to the invention is not continuously a chemical compound to form a ceramic.
  • oxidizing the entire surface of the container even in the pores and cracks, it is made resistant to later attacks by fire, leaching or chemical attack.
  • silicon as the enveloping mass, a resistant surface of ceramic, abrasion-resistant SiO 2 is produced.
  • the oxidation is carried out by heating the container in an oxidizing atmosphere, for. As O 2 or air.
  • the separate heating of the container can be saved if the oxidizing atmosphere is generated as soon as possible after the encapsulation of the granules.
  • High abrasion resistance is desirable to minimize the uncontrolled loss of packaging material.
  • Mohs hardness greater than or equal to 4 would be advantageous.
  • the method according to the invention can be designed so that containers that from the granules and the enveloping mass produced blends are formed so that they can be placed together with surface contact.
  • Exemplary shapes are those of rectangular or hexagonal cross section. They allow a seamless juxtaposition and thus an optimized use of space.
  • the surface interaction also prevents that acting in the direction of the side surfaces, adjacent container against each other pressing rock pressure in repositories, not as quickly leads to cracks or Zersprödungen in the container as is the case with cylindrical containers, the side only have a linear contact with each other.
  • the method according to the invention can be carried out so that it is carried out at the place of use of the object.
  • a moderator element made of carbon is used in a nuclear power plant.
  • Such moderators have a ceramic structure composed of high-purity and porous graphite (reactor graphite) and carbonaceous material.
  • the moderator is contaminated with different toxic substances.
  • the moderator is in a high-temperature furnace heated by direct current passage. Alternatively, it can also be heated inductively or by separate heating elements. The heating is done in vacuum or under inert gas to prevent the formation of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide when heated by reaction with atmospheric oxygen, which contain the radioactive C 14 usually present in irradiated carbon and therefore must not escape in an uncontrolled manner. This procedure is already in the DE 197 37 891 A1 described in detail.
  • the article is comminuted after baking or even before or during it. This comminution can be done either outside the reactor pressure vessel or within. In the latter case, the movement of large blocks and opening of the enclosure is avoided.
  • the shredding device would have to be introduced into the reactor vessel. With appropriate attachment to a manipulator, it is possible to disassemble the blocks in situ and crush and then remove only the cargo or granules. If the thermal treatment takes place subsequently, this can also be carried out within the reactor pressure vessel, since the required heaters can be very compact.
  • the crushing is carried out under inert gas.
  • the cargo can be moistened or completely in liquid, eg. B. in water, are immersed. A prior thermal trituration of tritium should be done so as not to displace the liquid.
  • the sludge containing the dust can be dried again fed to the disposal process and the liquid can be recycled after condensation.
  • the level of temperature depends on the type of toxic substances and the desired decontamination factors.
  • the graphite cleaning procedure known in the graphite industry can be used essentially. Highly volatile toxic substances, such. B. tritium or cesium are expelled already at relatively low temperatures. Chemical substances bound to carbon have to be removed from the ceramic structure by pyrolysis at higher temperatures. Are individual toxic substances thereby not to be removed from the moderator material, z. B. hard decomposable carbides, these can be converted by the addition and infiltration of gaseous halogen compounds in volatile halides.
  • the toxic substances removed from the moderator material are deposited on condensation plates or collected by means of traps or filters (eg for tritium), where they are then present in a considerably higher concentration than in moderator material.
  • the partly decontaminated moderator material now contains at most toxic substances that could not be removed by thermal and / or thermochemical treatment. It follows that outdiffusion or leaching of these toxic substances would not take place even over extremely long periods of time.
  • the thermally and / or chemically pretreated comminuted moderator material is interspersed with liquid silicon, wherein the surfaces of the carbonaceous granules react to SiC under a correspondingly high temperature and a container of Si and SiC can be poured off or extruded with embedded granules.
  • the shape, z. As cylinder, cuboid or flat Rectangular cylinder segments depend on the transport and storage container geometries for the best possible use of space.
  • an after-treatment is performed under an oxidizing atmosphere, with silica forming at the oxygen-accessible sites, providing additional oxidation protection that also resists long-term corrosion attacks.
  • the material can also be poured into small containers, which in turn can absorb other hazardous substances and protect against corrosion and leaching. Furthermore, the still liquid mixture can be used for pouring spaces or for wrapping whole or disassembled reactor fuel elements.
  • silicon carbide is characterized by good heat conduction.
  • a sheath made of SiC is much more resistant than metal.
  • Another disadvantage of the metal compared to the SiC is that the oxidation of metals in aqueous solution produces large amounts of hydrogen, which accumulate in the repository and can form a source of danger.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Procédé de mise au rebut d'un objet en céramique, graphite et/ou briques de carbone, contaminé par au moins une matière toxique, en particulier un radiotoxique, dans lequel
    a) l'objet est broyé en un granulat sous une atmosphère inerte,
    b) l'objet est, avant, pendant et/ou après le broyage, chauffé sous atmosphère inerte ou sous vide pour réduire sa contamination, et
    c) le granulat est ensuite
    aa) transvasé avec une masse d'enrobage liquéfiée, ou
    bb) mélangé à la masse d'enrobage sous forme de poudre ou de grains et ensuite, chauffé jusqu'à liquéfaction de la masse d'enrobage,
    où la masse d'enrobage liquéfiée prend en masse d'elle-même en une céramique ou réagit chimiquement avec le granulat en une céramique.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le mélange produit à partir du granulat et de la masse d'enrobage est coulé à l'état fluide ou moulable, dans un récipient en une céramique non contaminée.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'après la coulée du mélange, le récipient est complètement rempli avec une céramique non contaminée.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le mélange produit à partir du granulat et de la masse d'enrobage est utilisé à l'état fluide ou moulable, pour remplir l'espace de récipients pour déchets pour stockage intermédiaire ou définitif, contenant d'autres déchets contaminés.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que pour produire un récipient pour déchets pour stockage intermédiaire ou définitif, le mélange produit à partir du granulat et de la masse d'enrobage à l'état fluide ou moulable, est enrobé complètement d'un autre déchet contaminé.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que le mélange produit à partir du granulat et de la masse d'enrobage est moulé dans un récipient, le récipient est rempli d'autres déchets contaminés, fermé et stocké de manière définitive avec ce contenu.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que pour des objets contenant du carbone, on met en oeuvre un agent formant carbure comme masse d'enrobage.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la masse d'enrobage ou le mélange produit à partir du granulat et de la masse d'enrobage est additionné de fibres céramiques de renforcement.
  9. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que le transvasement avec la masse d'enrobage liquéfiée ou le chauffage du mélange de la masse d'enrobage et du granulat est réalisé sous vide.
  10. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'objet et le granulé formé sont humidifiés pendant le broyage, avec un liquide non combustible.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'objet est immergé dans un liquide non combustible pour le broyage.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que pendant le broyage de l'objet, la poussière formée et en suspension dans le liquide est recueillie et transvasée avec le granulat avec la masse d'enrobage.
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12,
    caractérisé en ce que le liquide est recueilli et réalimenté dans le procédé.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que la surface du mélange est oxydée.
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les récipients pour déchets, qui contiennent le mélange produit à partir du granulat et de la masse d'enrobage, ont une forme telle qu'ils peuvent être mis en contact surfacique les uns avec les autres.
  16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 15, caractérisé en ce qu'il est réalisé au site de mise en oeuvre de l'objet.
EP02758142A 2001-09-28 2002-08-10 Procede de mise au rebut d'un objet en ceramique, graphite et/ou charbon contamine par au moins une matiere toxique, en particulier radiotoxique Expired - Lifetime EP1430487B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10148146 2001-09-28
DE10148146A DE10148146B4 (de) 2001-09-28 2001-09-28 Verfahren zur Entsorgung eines mit mindestens einem Radiotoxikum kontaminierten Gegenstandes aus Reaktorgraphit und/oder Kohlestein
PCT/DE2002/002951 WO2003032328A1 (fr) 2001-09-28 2002-08-10 Procede de mise au rebut d'un objet en ceramique, graphite et/ou charbon contamine par au moins une matiere toxique, en particulier radiotoxique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1430487A1 EP1430487A1 (fr) 2004-06-23
EP1430487B1 true EP1430487B1 (fr) 2010-03-17

Family

ID=7700803

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02758142A Expired - Lifetime EP1430487B1 (fr) 2001-09-28 2002-08-10 Procede de mise au rebut d'un objet en ceramique, graphite et/ou charbon contamine par au moins une matiere toxique, en particulier radiotoxique

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1430487B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10148146B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2343003T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003032328A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004036631B4 (de) * 2004-07-28 2013-02-21 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Verfahren zur Behandlung einer mit Radiokarbon kontaminierten Keramik, insbesondere Reaktorgraphit
DE102013003847B3 (de) 2013-03-07 2014-09-04 Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Fachbereich Patente Verfahren zur Dekontamination von Radionukliden aus neutronenbestrahlten Kohlenstoff- und/ oder Graphitwerkstoffen

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3001629A1 (de) * 1980-01-17 1981-09-24 Alkem Gmbh, 6450 Hanau Verfahren zur endkonditionierung fester radioaktiverabfaelle
US4834914A (en) * 1987-06-09 1989-05-30 Jackson O L Radioactive waste disposal system and method
US5265545A (en) * 1989-04-12 1993-11-30 Miltox Holdings Pte, Limited Method and apparatus for waste treatment
FR2659877B1 (fr) * 1990-03-23 1992-11-27 Tanari Rene Procede et four de traitement de dechets incinerables.
FR2659876B1 (fr) * 1990-03-23 1992-08-21 Tanari Rene Procede et four de traitement de dechets fusibles.
US5424042A (en) * 1993-09-13 1995-06-13 Mason; J. Bradley Apparatus and method for processing wastes
DE19737891C2 (de) * 1997-08-29 2002-08-01 Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh Verfahren zur Entsorgung eines mit Radiotoxika kontaminierten Gegenstandes aus Reaktorgraphit oder Kohlestein

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1430487A1 (fr) 2004-06-23
DE10148146B4 (de) 2009-08-27
ES2343003T3 (es) 2010-07-21
DE10148146A1 (de) 2003-05-15
WO2003032328A1 (fr) 2003-04-17
DE50214295D1 (de) 2010-04-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE69019603T2 (de) Strahlenabschirmmaterial mit Wärmeleiteigenschaften.
DE2922382A1 (de) Verfahren zur einkapselung von verbrauchtem kernbrennstoff in eine dessen langzeitlagerung ermoeglichende sicherheitshuelle
KR101173414B1 (ko) 방사성 폐기물의 최종 저장에 적합한 그라파이트 및 무기 결합제로 구성된 매트릭스 물질, 이를 제조하는 방법, 이를 처리하는 방법 및 이의 용도
EP2550664B1 (fr) Procede pour la production des emballages pour le stockage des dechets
EP1771865B1 (fr) Procede pour traiter une ceramique contaminee par du radiocarbone, en particulier du graphite nucleaire
DE2418518A1 (de) Speichervorrichtung fuer radioaktiven abfall
EP0129782A1 (fr) Dispositif de protection et de manutention des conteneurs de substances radioactives
DE3321250A1 (de) Betonbehaelter zur aufnahme bioschaedlicher stoffe
EP1430487B1 (fr) Procede de mise au rebut d'un objet en ceramique, graphite et/ou charbon contamine par au moins une matiere toxique, en particulier radiotoxique
DE3144754A1 (de) Formkoerper zur einbindung radioaktiver abfaelle und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
DE102009044963B4 (de) Blöcke aus Graphit-Matrix mit anorganischem Bindemittel geeignet zur Lagerung von radioaktiven Abfällen und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben
DE19737891C2 (de) Verfahren zur Entsorgung eines mit Radiotoxika kontaminierten Gegenstandes aus Reaktorgraphit oder Kohlestein
DE1043534B (de) Material fuer das gleichzeitige Abbremsen und Absorbieren von Neutronen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP3170187B1 (fr) Procédé pour la décontamination de graphite contaminé
EP2368254B1 (fr) Procédé de réduction ou d'élimination au moins partielle de substances radiotoxiques spécifiques dans une installation nucléaire
DE3144764A1 (de) Formkoerper zur einbindng radioaktiver abfaelle und verfahren zu seiner herstellung (ii)
DE3046539A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum herstellen von tritium
US20160260512A1 (en) Waste immobilization methods and storage systems
Forsberg et al. A new repository waste form: graphite–carbon high-level waste
DE2944720A1 (de) Verfahren zur konditionierung von radioaktiven brennelementhuelsen
DE102010000974A1 (de) Form-, strahlungs- und temperaturstabiler Körper, geeignet zum Transport und/oder zur Lagerung von radioaktiven Abfällen
Anfimov Management of radioactive waste in nuclear power: Handling of irradiated graphite from water-cooled graphite reactors
Chikalla Nuclear waste management. Quarterly progress report, July-September 1980
Emmert et al. Method for removing radioactive plastic wastes and apparatus therefor
El-Dakrory et al. Studies Involving Immobilization Of Hazardous Wastes In Cement-ilmenite Matrix

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20040416

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR IE IT LI LU MC NL PT SE SK TR

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20070621

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

RAP1 Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred)

Owner name: FORSCHUNGSZENTRUM JUELICH GMBH

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): DE ES FR GB

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 50214295

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20100429

Kind code of ref document: P

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2343003

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20101220

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20140703

Year of fee payment: 13

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20140819

Year of fee payment: 13

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20140821

Year of fee payment: 13

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20140827

Year of fee payment: 13

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 50214295

Country of ref document: DE

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20150810

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20160429

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20160301

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150810

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150831

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20170202

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20150811