EP1420624B1 - Dispositif écran - Google Patents

Dispositif écran Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1420624B1
EP1420624B1 EP03024843A EP03024843A EP1420624B1 EP 1420624 B1 EP1420624 B1 EP 1420624B1 EP 03024843 A EP03024843 A EP 03024843A EP 03024843 A EP03024843 A EP 03024843A EP 1420624 B1 EP1420624 B1 EP 1420624B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fabric
actuator element
meshes
configuration
shielding
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03024843A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1420624A2 (fr
EP1420624A3 (fr
Inventor
Francesco Butera
Gianluca c/o C.R.F. Capretti
Antonino Veca
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centro Ricerche Fiat SCpA
Original Assignee
Centro Ricerche Fiat SCpA
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Publication date
Application filed by Centro Ricerche Fiat SCpA filed Critical Centro Ricerche Fiat SCpA
Publication of EP1420624A2 publication Critical patent/EP1420624A2/fr
Publication of EP1420624A3 publication Critical patent/EP1420624A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1420624B1 publication Critical patent/EP1420624B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • D03D1/0035—Protective fabrics
    • D03D1/007—UV radiation protecting
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D9/00—Open-work fabrics

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a shielding device, comprising switchable shielding means, supporting means for supporting the shielding means, and actuation means, operative to cause passage of the shielding means from a resting position to a working position, and vice versa.
  • Devices of the type indicated are used, for example, to prevent or attenuate passage of flows of air or light beams and usually comprise a fixed frame and a movable panel, which is carried by the fixed frame and can be displaced between a closing position and an opening position.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a shielding device of the type referred to above, which can be applied in an extremely wide range of fields, and which presents simplicity of fabrication and low costs.
  • the subject of the invention is a shielding device of the type referred to above, characterized in that the shielding means comprise a fabric defining a plurality of meshes that are able to assume a restricted configuration and a stretched-out configuration, and in that the actuation means, comprising at least one actuator element made of an active material, are operatively connected to the fabric and are operated to cause passage of said meshes from the restricted configuration to the stretched-out configuration, and vice versa.
  • the fabric intercepts or attenuates passage of air or light through the device. Instead, when the meshes are in the stretched-out configuration, passage of air or light is enabled or facilitated.
  • the fabric is of an elastic type
  • the active material is, for example, a shape-memory alloy (SMA).
  • SMA shape-memory alloy
  • SMA actuators are in themselves known and have already found a wide range of applications in different technical fields. In general, they make use of at least one element formed by a SMA metal alloy, which is able to change its configuration once a pre-set transition temperature has been exceeded.
  • the active material used for obtaining the actuator means of the device may be a shape-memory polymer (SMP) or an electro-active polymer (EAP).
  • SMP shape-memory polymer
  • EAP electro-active polymer
  • the actuator element preferably has the form of a thread, directly sewn or interwoven into the fabric and constrained to a supporting structure which keeps the fabric in position.
  • a woven fabric made of a shape-memory polymer and an usual yarn is well known in the art (see for example EP-A-0 364 869).
  • the actuator element can be connected to electric-supply means, which heat it via the Joule effect above a transition temperature of its own, it being possible for said electric-supply means to be driven by control means according to the signal issued by a temperature sensor.
  • the actuator element made of active material directly detects the temperature of the air and is directly activated thereby to a transition value that can be adjusted in the course of preparation of the material itself.
  • the shielding device according to the invention can be made with extremely simple and low-cost means.
  • the number 1 designates as a whole the structure of a shielding device made according to the present invention, which is here assumed as being designed to intercept or attenuate the passage of a light beam.
  • the device 1 comprises a fixed framework, consisting of a quadrilateral frame, designated by 2.
  • the frame 2 may be made of metal sectional elements joined to one another, or else of a single piece of plastic material.
  • the reference number 3 Designated, as a whole, by the reference number 3 is a quadrilateral shield; in the case provided by way of example, the shield 3 is fixed, along the sides which delimit the respective perimeter, to the internal edges of the frame 2 by fixing means in themselves known, illustrated only schematically and designated by 2A.
  • the shield 3 set in the frame 2 is made of a fabric the meshes of which are designed to stretch out, when the fabric is subjected to tension.
  • the shield 3 is made of an elastic or elongatable fabric.
  • the fabrics of the type indicated are in themselves known and do not call for any detailed description herein.
  • the fabric forming the shield 3 may be made of any elastic material suitable for the purpose.
  • FIG. 2 Visible in Figure 2 is an enlarged detail of the fabric that makes up the shield 3, made by interweaving or superimposing a series of weft threads, designated by 3A, with a series of warp threads, designated by 3B, to obtain the meshes 3C.
  • the meshes 3C are in a restricted condition so as to intercept or in any case attenuate the passage of the light beam or air flow.
  • the stress capable of bringing about tensioning of the shield 3, and hence stretching-out of the meshes 3C of the fabric of which it is made up is produced via actuation means made of an active material.
  • the active material used is a metal shape-memory alloy.
  • these metal materials have the capability of reassuming their initial configuration if they are deformed and then subjected to an appropriate thermal treatment.
  • the shape-memory alloys undergo a transformation of crystalline phase when they are made to pass from their more rigid configuration at a high temperature (austenite) to the configuration characterized by lower energy and temperature (martensite).
  • an SMA element When an SMA element is brought to a low temperature, it assumes a configuration of a martensitic type, with low yielding limit, and is easily deformable. Following upon heating, the alloy arranges itself in another crystalline structure, of the austenitic type, and hence reassumes its initial configuration and shape.
  • the temperature at which the alloy "recalls" its primitive shape can be modified by varying the composition or by appropriate types of heat treatment.
  • the alloys of major interest that present the "shape-memory" property are the ones which recover the deformation to a considerable extent or which generate a considerable force during the phase transition, such as for example the alloys Ni-Ti, Ni-Ti-Cu, Cu-Al-Zn, and Cu-Al-Ni.
  • the shape-memory actuation means of the device 1 are configured in the form of a continuous thread, designated as a whole by 4.
  • the thread 4 is constrained to the frame 2, in first points designated by 5, and to the fabric that makes up the shield 3 in second points, designated by 6; for this purpose, as may be noted in the figures, the thread 4 has a "zigzag" development between the frame 2 and the shield 3.
  • the means for anchoring the SMA thread 4 to the frame 2 may be of any known type.
  • the thread 4 can be sewn or interwoven in the points 6 of the fabric 3.
  • Designated by the reference number 7 are two electrical conductors, provided for causing an electric current to flow through the thread 4, and thus heat it up via the Joule effect.
  • the conductors 7 are connected to electric-supply means 8, of a type in themselves known.
  • the shape-memory thread 4 exceeds its own transition temperature and is brought to a configuration of reduced length, as illustrated in Figure 3.
  • the thread 4 subjects the shield 3 to a tensile force at the anchorage points 6 so as to bring the latter closer to the anchorage points 5.
  • the electric-supply means 8 are of the switchable type, in such a way that the thread 4 can be heated up when desired, so as to bring the device 1 into the working condition illustrated in Figure 3. Return to the resting condition represented in Figure 1 may be subsequently brought about by interrupting electric supply to the means 8. In this way, the temperature of the thread itself will decrease until it drops below the transition temperature of .the shape-memory alloy, with the consequent return of the thread 4 to its elongated configuration so that the meshes 3C of the elastic fabric will close again as may be seen in Figure 2.
  • the shape-memory material used for making the actuator means provided according to the invention could be of a non-metallic type, and in particular be made up of a shape memory polymer or SMP.
  • SMP shape memory polymer
  • such polymers are able to modify their stiffness and shape according to the temperature to which they are exposed and pass rapidly, if heated, from a vitreous state to a highly deformable rubbery state, and then return equally rapidly, when they are cooled down, to their original shape and hardness.
  • SMPs can reassume their original shape an infinite number of times, if they are again brought back beyond their critical temperature.
  • the elastic fabric will be mounted under tension on the frame 2, and the thread 4 made of SMP will be set so as to overcome, in the "stiff" condition, the elasticity of the fabric, in order to maintain the meshes 3C in the position represented in Figure 2.
  • the transition temperature When the transition temperature is reached, this will bring about transition of the thread 4 made of SMP to the respective "deformable” condition, with the consequent possibility of the fabric being stretched so as to bring the meshes 3C into the condition represented in Figure 4.
  • Activation of the thread 4, when this is made of SMP will be obtained directly as a result of the environmental temperature to which the thread itself is exposed.
  • the material used for making the actuator means of the shield 3 could be an electro-active polymer or EAP, i.e., a polymer material capable of undergoing deformation if an electric field is applied thereto, the said polymer material being selected, in particular, from among:
  • the device 1 can be used for intercepting/attenuating or enabling passage of light, for example for making curtains or the like for building structures or motor-vehicles.
  • the device 1 may be used for controlling aeration or ventilation of certain environments. It is in fact evident that in the case of the condition represented in Figure 3, a flow of air or other aeriform through the device 1 is facilitated as compared to the condition represented in Figure 1.
  • the electric-supply means 8 may be driven according to the signal issued by a temperature sensor.
  • the invention can moreover be advantageously used for making filters with variable cross section.
  • the thread 4 can be provided for detecting directly the temperature of the air so as to be activated by said temperature at a transition value, which can be adjusted in the stage of preparation of the SMA or of the active polymer used.
  • the thread 4 could be activated by the air inside a closed environment when very high internal temperatures are reached (as in the case of a motor vehicle parked in the sun) so as to reduce the "greenhouse" effect.
  • the device according to the invention can be used as an element with controllable and modulatable transpirability, which is particularly suitable for air diffusion in the passenger compartment of a motor vehicle through the dashboard, seats, roof and door panels.
  • the fabric that forms the shield 3 may obviously be made up of superimposed or interwoven threads.
  • the functions of the frame 2 could be performed by any structure in a fixed position with respect to the shield 3, for example one made up of the walls that delimit a passage or window of which it is intended to control passage of light or air.
  • the fabric that forms the shield 3 will preferably be provided with a anchoring edge of its own.
  • the actuation means of the device according to the invention could consist of a number of elements made of active material which are distinct from one another and not necessarily in the form of thread. In this case, therefore, the actuation means may be actuated selectively, for controlling the operative condition of different areas of the shield 3.
  • the thread 4 or the actuator means made of active material of another form, which replace the thread do not necessarily need to be constrained between the shield 3 and the structure that supports them, it being in fact possible for the actuator means to be integrated only in the fabric and in its possible anchoring edge.
  • the fabric used for the purposes of implementation of the invention may possibly be made entirely by fibres of active material (SMA, SMP or EAP) interspersed with one another so as to form a fabric capable of varying its own "porosity" following upon application of an external stimulus, which, as explained previously, may be of an electrical or thermal type in the case of SMA elements, only thermal in the case of SMP elements or only electrical in the case of EAP active fibres.
  • SMA active material

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  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Processing Of Color Television Signals (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Dispositif de protection comportant des moyens de protection (3) qui peuvent être basculés entre une première position opérationnelle et une deuxième position opérationnelle, des moyens de support (2, 2A) destinés à supporter les moyens de protection (3) et des moyens d'actionnement (4), qui agissent afin de provoquer le basculement des moyens de protection (3) entre la première position opérationnelle et la deuxième position opérationnelle, ledit dispositif étant caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de protection comportent une toile (3) définissant une multiplicité de mailles (3C) qui sont conçues pour prendre une configuration resserrée et une configuration écartée, et en ce que lesdits moyens d'actionnement (4), comportant au moins un élément d'actionnement composé d'une matière active, sont reliés de manière opérationnelle à ladite toile (3) et sont actionnés afin d'amener le passage desdites mailles (3C) de la configuration resserrée à la configuration écartée, et vice-versa.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite toile (3) est élastique ou extensible.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite matière active (4) est choisie dans le groupe composé des alliages à mémoire de forme, des polymères à mémoire de forme, et des polymères électro-actifs.
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément d'actionnement (4) est au moins en partie intégré dans ladite toile (3).
  5. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément d'actionnement (4) est sous la forme d'un fil, directement cousu, entrelacé dans ladite toile (3) et retenu d'une manière quelconque en plus d'un point sur ladite toile (3).
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de protection (3) se composent de fibres de matière active, qui constituent à la fois au moins en partie ladite toile (3) et ledit élément d'actionnement (4).
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément d'actionnement (4) est retenu entre ladite toile (3) et lesdits moyens de support (2).
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de support (2) comportent un cadre quadrilatéral.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément d'actionnement (4) est relié à des moyens d'alimentation électrique (7, 8), qui le chauffent par effet Joule au-dessus de sa température de transition.
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens d'alimentation électrique (7, 8) sont commandés en fonction de signaux délivrés par un capteur de température.
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément d'actionnement (4) est prévu pour être activé en fonction d'une température à laquelle l'élément d'actionnement lui-même est exposé.
  12. Dispositif selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément d'actionnement (4) détecte directement ladite température et est activé par cette dernière à une valeur de transition pré-établie.
  13. Utilisation d'un dispositif selon une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, dans le but de la fabrication d'une fenêtre pour l'aération ou la ventilation, afin d'empêcher/atténuer ou permettre/faciliter de manière sélective le passage d'un écoulement d'air.
  14. Utilisation d'un dispositif selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 12, dans le but de la fabrication d'une protection destinée à empêcher/atténuer ou permettre/faciliter de manière sélective le passage d'un faisceau de lumière.
  15. Utilisation d'un dispositif selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 12, dans le but de la fabrication d'un filtre avec une section variable.
  16. Utilisation d'un dispositif selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 12, dans le but de la fabrication d'un élément pour une diffusion d'air dans le compartiment à passagers d'un véhicule à moteur, en particulier intégré dans un tableau de bord, un siège, un pavillon ou un panneau de porte.
  17. Structure d'immeuble, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un ou plusieurs dispositifs selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12.
  18. Véhicule à moteur, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un ou plusieurs dispositifs selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12.
EP03024843A 2002-11-14 2003-10-31 Dispositif écran Expired - Lifetime EP1420624B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000988A ITTO20020988A1 (it) 2002-11-14 2002-11-14 Dispositivo di schermaggio.
ITTO20020988 2002-11-14

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1420624A2 EP1420624A2 (fr) 2004-05-19
EP1420624A3 EP1420624A3 (fr) 2005-08-03
EP1420624B1 true EP1420624B1 (fr) 2006-11-22

Family

ID=32170755

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03024843A Expired - Lifetime EP1420624B1 (fr) 2002-11-14 2003-10-31 Dispositif écran

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1420624B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE346181T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60309814T2 (fr)
ES (1) ES2275056T3 (fr)
IT (1) ITTO20020988A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7309104B2 (en) * 2004-03-12 2007-12-18 Gm Global Technology Operations, Inc. Shape memory polymer seat assemblies
WO2007007252A1 (fr) * 2005-07-11 2007-01-18 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Textile ou tissu a allongement reversible
EP1898686B1 (fr) * 2006-09-08 2009-06-24 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Module semi-conducteur avec résistance optimisée contre les court-circuits
DE102010022059A1 (de) * 2010-05-31 2011-12-01 Penn Textile Solutions Gmbh Beschattungstextil
IT201800002882A1 (it) * 2018-02-20 2019-08-20 Alfatech Srl Rete metallica
DE102019211135A1 (de) * 2019-07-26 2021-01-28 Audi Ag Überzuganordnung für ein Interieurbauteil eines Fahrzeugs
CN110607984B (zh) * 2019-10-16 2024-07-26 黄胜峰 一种快速搭装的屏蔽装置

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0364869A2 (fr) * 1988-10-17 1990-04-25 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Tissu fabriqué à partir d'un polymère mémorisant la forme

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH07293963A (ja) * 1994-04-27 1995-11-10 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 空気調和装置の室内空気排気装置
GB2312644B (en) * 1996-05-02 2000-07-26 Secr Defence Brit Thermally insulating textile
JP2000345444A (ja) * 1999-06-02 2000-12-12 Horie Kikaku:Kk 形状記憶織物

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0364869A2 (fr) * 1988-10-17 1990-04-25 Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Tissu fabriqué à partir d'un polymère mémorisant la forme

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60309814D1 (de) 2007-01-04
ES2275056T3 (es) 2007-06-01
DE60309814T2 (de) 2007-10-11
EP1420624A2 (fr) 2004-05-19
EP1420624A3 (fr) 2005-08-03
ATE346181T1 (de) 2006-12-15
ITTO20020988A1 (it) 2004-05-15

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