Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H71/00—Details of the protective switches or relays covered by groups H01H73/00 - H01H83/00
  • H01H71/10—Operating or release mechanisms
  • H01H71/12—Automatic release mechanisms with or without manual release
  • H01H71/24—Electromagnetic mechanisms
  • H01H71/32—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part
  • H01H71/321—Electromagnetic mechanisms having permanently magnetised part characterised by the magnetic circuit or active magnetic elements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
  • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
  • H01H47/226—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil for bistable relays
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
  • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
  • H01H50/36—Stationary parts of magnetic circuit, e.g. yoke
  • H01H50/42—Auxiliary magnetic circuits, e.g. for maintaining armature in, or returning armature to, position of rest, for damping or accelerating movement
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
  • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
  • H01H51/22—Polarised relays

Definitions

• the invention relates to an electromagnet arrangement for a switch, in particular for a contactor, according to the preamble of claim 1.
• the electrical and magnetic dimensioning of electromagnetic contactors is generally designed in such a way that a low electrical power has to be applied in the magnet armature holding state (for example DE 19526 038 A1). This is indicated because devices of this type are in the holding state for a longer period of operation.
• the energy consumption in the holding state has the disadvantage that the device heats up. Typically, one expects power losses in the holding state of a few watts. With vacuum switching devices, significantly higher capacities have to be maintained. In view of the fact that a large number of contactors or switches are combined in a control cabinet, there is a need to take active measures for heat dissipation.
• a magnet arrangement with circuit arrangement for generating pulse sequences for regulating the power is shown, for example, in DE 39 10 810 A1 or in DE 19526 038 A1.
• the magnet arrangement is based on the following structure: a main magnetic circuit formed from a preferably U-shaped magnet yoke and a magnet armature, a contact apparatus of the switch that is operatively connected to the magnet armature, and a preferably spring-loaded magnet armature that is acted upon by a resetting device, at least one arranged in the main magnet circuit Permanent magnets for generating the holding force for the magnet armature and at least one excitation winding arranged on at least one pole leg, that is to say on the magnet yoke, for generating the attraction force for the magnet armature separated from the magnet yoke.
• the electromagnet arrangement is controlled electronically by an associated circuit arrangement.
• a shunt circuit is formed parallel to the main magnetic circuit, which can also be closed via the magnet armature and the shunt circuit consists of the two pole legs and a second zygomatic arch which is arranged on the magnetic yoke and is interrupted by a remanent air gap.
• the magnet arrangement (the magnet yoke, the second zygomatic arch and the permanent magnet) is dimensioned magnetically so that the holding power - attracted for the magnet armature state - is applied by the permanent magnet alone without energizing the excitation winding.
• the permanent magnet generates a first magnetic force flow (MK1) through the pole legs and the magnet armature and a second force flow (MK2) through the second through the shunt circuit with the remanence flow gap.
• MK1 first magnetic force flow
• MK2 second force flow
• the absolute amount of both force flows is given by the state of charge of the permanent magnet.
• the ratio of the force flows is determined by the dimensioning of the shunt circuit (including the remanent air gap) and the distance of the magnet armature.
• the first magnetic force flow (MK1) ensures that the magnet armature is held firmly on the pole faces. This anchor holding force acts on the spring force counter, which opens the magnet arrangement in the absence or reduced magnetic force.
• the magnet armature moves against stops, not shown.
• the excess of the armature holding force, generated by the magnetic flux through the magnet armature, compared to the spring force is a measure of the sensitivity of the magnet arrangement to external mechanical influences.
• a minimal flooding should be sufficient to open the magnet arrangement (smallest current through the excitation coils depending on the number of turns), whereby the first magnetic flux is weakened to such an extent that the spring force is sufficient to lift the magnet armature.
• With the said small excitation current a magnetic flux is generated which is opposite to the magnetic flux through the magnet armature and which practically forces the first magnetic flux into the shunt circuit with virtually no loss.
• the magnet yoke is U-shaped and consists of two L-shaped halves with a longer pole leg and a shorter cross leg, with one pole leg facing the contact surfaces of the magnet armature.
• the permanent magnet is clamped in the middle between the transverse legs, with no welding being carried out.
• the second zygomatic arch is arranged parallel to the transverse legs.
• the residual air gap the width of which is of the order of 0.3 mm, can be filled with air or filled with a non-magnetic material.
• the excitation winding of the magnet arrangement is connected to an energy store, the energy content of which is sufficient to release the magnet armature from the holding state.
• the energy store can be a storage capacitor or an inductor.
• a monitoring unit for checking the voltage state of the energy store is preferably assigned to the circuit arrangement, so that the connections Order can either be switched to another energy source or an error signal can be reported.
• the advantage of the invention is that a circuit arrangement (preferably with pulse-width modulation) for controlling the excitation winding and for supplying the electrical energy for the excitation winding can be operated practically in 'stand-by mode'.
• the EMC measures can be reduced since only the electrical energy for the idle power of the circuit has to be provided in the holding state.
• clocking is carried out in the holding state, as a result of which interference fields cannot be avoided.
• the breaking capacity is minimal.
• the holding power is low and corresponds to the standby power of the control electronics.
• the design of the electronics is only determined by self-consumption. In terms of energy, the magnetic circuit is only designed for the situation of "closing the magnet armature".
• the switch-off energy should preferably be secured in the phase of the tightening process, for example by charging a capacitor during the tightening process.
• the permanent magnet consists of magnetically hard material, for example of AINiCo, and rare earth connections are also possible.
• the advantage of the magnet arrangement is, in particular, that a small space is required for the excitation coil, which means that a compact structure can be achieved.
• the invention can also be used wherever the movement of the magnet armature can be implemented in the form of a linear drive.
• FIG. 1 the magnet arrangement with the magnet armature tightened
• FIG. 2 the magnet arrangement with the magnet armature lifted off
• FIG. 3 the magnet arrangement as an assembly drawing.
• the magnetic yoke 10 has a U-shape and consists of two - in relation to the vertical axis of symmetry SA - symmetrical halves (in L-shape) with longer pole legs 11 and short cross legs 12.
• the cross legs are arranged towards each other.
• a permanent magnet 20 is held between the transverse legs.
• the ends of the cross legs are formed with lugs 19, between which the permanent magnet is clamped during assembly.
• FIG. 3 shows the assembly drawing, from which it can be seen that the magnet arrangement consists of laminated cores and is riveted via cover plates 80, which results in the mechanical cohesion.
• the free ends of the pole limbs 11 form a plane as pole faces to the magnet armature 60.
• the magnet armature 60 consists of a plate-shaped body with extensions 61 attached at the side.
• a restoring force is provided on the magnet armature, which should preferably be linearly movable, by at least one (not shown) ) Spring (36) generated.
• the magnet armature has an air gap or stroke 18. There is an operative connection of the magnet armature with a contact apparatus of the switch or contactor, but it is not shown.
• the magnetic yoke is designed in the usual form as a laminated core. Laterally, opposite the transverse legs 12, fastening legs 41 are arranged, each with a bore, to which the magnet arrangement can be fastened in a housing.
• the first magnetic flux circuit MK1 is assigned a magnetic shunt circuit MK2, which is present on the magnetic yoke (11, 12) facing away from the pole face.
• the shunt circuit is formed by two second zygomatic arches 24 (parallel limbs) lying parallel to the short transverse limbs 12. Cross leg and zygomatic arch leg are separated from each other by a groove, but otherwise they are a physical part of the magnetic yoke.
• the pole legs 11 are each surrounded by coil formers with excitation windings 30, 32.
• the magnetic flux that can be generated by the excitation windings 30, 32 is superimposed in the air gap with the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 20.
• the two magnetic fluxes subtract in the shunt circuit.
• the zygomatic arches 24 each have a smaller cross-section compared to the first transverse limbs 12 and the magnet armature
• the zygomatic arches are separated by a remanent air gap 25.
• the width of the residual air gap is approx. 0.3 mm.
• the ratios of the magnetic fluxes MK1 and MK2 to one another are defined by the cross sections of the zygomatic arches and the width of the residual air gap.
• the permanent magnet Due to its magnetic energy, the permanent magnet generates a magnetic flux that is divided into the two magnetic flux circuits MK1 and MK2.
• the design of the magnet arrangement, in particular the strength of the permanent magnet, is selected such that the magnet armature on the magnet yoke is held securely for all operating conditions in the holding state (magnet armature attracted, without the electrical excitation being acted upon by the coils 30, 32).
• This magnetic dimensioning means that no magnetic energy has to be supplied by the excitation coils in the holding position; the holding force for the magnet armature is applied only by the permanent magnet. This preferably ensures that the electrical power of an associated electronic circuit can be minimized, since essentially only the provision of the release energy has to be ensured.
• the low tripping energy can, for example, be provided sufficiently via a suitably dimensioned storage capacitor or an inductor, the energy content of which can also be monitored by the electronic circuit.
• the drive of the magnet arrangement (closing the magnet armature; drive excitation) is generated by a strong coil current (for example for 100 msec with a power of 100 watts), which generates a magnetic flux that is opposite to that of the permanent magnet in the pole legs and also the spring force on the magnet armature overcomes.
• a strong coil current for example for 100 msec with a power of 100 watts
• MK1 magnetic circuit becomes denser.
• the magnetic shunt circuit MK2 contains only low magnetic energy.
• the excitation current can be switched off, since - as shown - the holding force is provided statically.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Electromagnets (AREA)
• Push-Button Switches (AREA)
• Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (2)

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ID=7695871

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

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Family Cites Families (10)

• 2001
  • 2001-08-17 DE DE10140559A patent/DE10140559A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2002
  • 2002-07-27 EP EP02794737A patent/EP1417694B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-07-27 WO PCT/EP2002/008402 patent/WO2003017308A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 2002-07-27 AT AT02794737T patent/ATE356422T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2002-07-27 US US10/399,344 patent/US6906605B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2002-07-27 DE DE50209670T patent/DE50209670D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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