EP0898780B1 - Commutateur electrique a entrainement magnetique - Google Patents

Commutateur electrique a entrainement magnetique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0898780B1
EP0898780B1 EP97923052A EP97923052A EP0898780B1 EP 0898780 B1 EP0898780 B1 EP 0898780B1 EP 97923052 A EP97923052 A EP 97923052A EP 97923052 A EP97923052 A EP 97923052A EP 0898780 B1 EP0898780 B1 EP 0898780B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
shunt body
force
permanent magnets
shunt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97923052A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0898780A1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Morant
Marc Bonjean
Denis Wysota
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E I B SA
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E I B SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0898780A1 publication Critical patent/EP0898780A1/fr
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H33/6662—Operating arrangements using bistable electromagnetic actuators, e.g. linear polarised electromagnetic actuators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a switch with a magnetic drive, the one between two end positions displaceable, with at least one movable switch contact connected anchor and in the end positions under the Influence of magnetically generated forces.
  • a switch is to be understood here as a device that is under specified conditions nominal currents or overcurrents switches on, withstands the nominal or overcurrents and these interrupts and electrical circuits are isolated from each other.
  • a switch has two stable states (idle states, the Make holding forces necessary). In the open state it is Switches able to electrically isolate the circuits maintain. The switch is in the closed state capable of the specified rated current continuously and one Withstand overcurrent for a certain time.
  • the switch has two transition states, in which one Movable circuit organ energy is supplied.
  • the transition in the closed state is supposed to close a circuit and to turn on a current.
  • the transition to the open state should to interrupt a current.
  • the main components of such Switches are: connecting terminals, switching chamber, quiescent current or Shunt contacts, a drive mechanism to the movable switch contacts to operate and a housing in which the parts described above are arranged and the Circuits isolated.
  • Such switches are also under the Description of load switch known.
  • the anchor is at this switch made of laminated soft iron sheets and is in one by one rectangular yoke surrounded by laminated soft iron sheets Space between two, with the same poles facing the anchor Permanent magnets arranged axially displaceable.
  • the permanent magnets are each stationary between the anchor and a pole piece attached, which merges into the yoke.
  • On both sides of the pole pieces a coil is arranged inside the yoke.
  • a switch is known with a magnetic drive that a linearly displaceable between two end positions, with at least one Movable switch contact connected armature, which in the end positions under is the influence of magnetically generated forces, the armature and a ferromagnetic Shunt bodies in a row in a space between a first and a second stop are arranged, the stops pole faces of magnetic Circles are those that contain at least one permanent magnet that acts on the force of an electromagnet to the first stop displaceable armature one in the first stable end position exerting force.
  • the invention is based on the problem of having a switch to develop a magnetic drive in which magnetic generated forces the anchor and the associated with it keep moving parts stable in their respective end positions and once an anchor movement initiated the anchor and the parts connected to it safely from one to the other stable final state transferred.
  • the problem is with a switch of the type described Art solved according to the invention in that the anchor and a ferromagnetic shunt body in a row in a room linearly movable between a first and a second stop are arranged that the stops pole faces of magnetic Are circles that contain at least one permanent magnet that to the first stop by the force of an electromagnet Anchors that can be moved towards the first stable one End position at the first stop exerts force when the Shunt body in its end position at the second stop is arranged, and that by applying the shunt body on the armature the force exerted on the armature by the permanent magnet possibly with a force exerted on the armature from the outside reversed in the direction and onto the shunt body is transmitted, causing the shunt body to the second Stop and the anchor to its second stable end position moved and held in it.
  • the anchor has only two stable positions in this drive, in which he on the one hand on the first attack and on the other hand on Shunt body is present, which in turn in the second stable
  • the position of the anchor lies against the second stop. It will prevents the armature that drives the moving contact hang in an intermediate position between the end positions remains.
  • the energy required to move the shunt body is small, since the movable body on the shunt body is not Contact is attached.
  • the switch is preferably in the first end position of the armature closed and open in the second end position of the armature.
  • At a preferred embodiment includes the magnetic circuit first pair of, on the sides of the room at the same height arranged and facing the anchor with the same poles Permanent magnets, with a second pair of permanent magnets in the Distance from the first pair arranged on the side of the room and with same poles the shunt body in its concern on second stop is facing.
  • the second pair of permanent magnets holds the shunt body in its end position at the second stop firmly when the anchor reaches its first end position at the first stop has taken, i.e. it is not an external force to Maintaining the switch in the closed position is necessary.
  • Even in the open position in which the force of the first pair of permanent magnets the armature against the shunt body and pressing it against the second anchor is not an external force Maintaining the closed position is necessary.
  • the shunt body in the direction of Anchor acts on a spring force
  • the force of the second pair of permanent magnets with one shunt body to the second Counteracting excess pressure counteracts, the force of the second pair of permanent magnets from the force of a second Electromagnet can be canceled.
  • the second electromagnet is turned on, causing the shunt body is moved from the spring to the armature.
  • the anchor has one facing the shunt body, facing outwards tapered face on that with an inward corresponding tapered recess in the shunt body.
  • a favorable embodiment is that the permanent magnets of the first pair are arranged on or in pole pieces and that between the sides of the pole shoes protruding from the yoke and the Level of the first stop the coil of the first electromagnet and between the opposite ones projecting from the yoke Sides of the pole pieces and the level of the second stop one Recess, the extent of which is smaller in the direction of anchor movement than the length of the shunt body, and one on the outer one Outline of the shunt body matched section, in the Walls in recesses the second pair of permanent magnets is arranged, and the coil of the second electromagnet follow each other.
  • This device is characterized by its compact structure.
  • the magnetic circles contain a particularly rectangular one Laminated soft iron yoke with the pole pieces and Stop faces that go inside a recess in the yoke protrude and the movement space of the anchor and the Limit the shunt body to the side.
  • the anchor and the Shunt bodies are also preferably made of laminated Made of soft iron sheet.
  • the movable anchor contains through holes in which bolts are arranged, the armature to a the magnetic circuit Connect continuous drive rod.
  • the leadership of the The drive rod is made via moving parts on the yoke are attached.
  • This drive rod serves the shunt body as a guide and actuates the damping system at one end To open; the other end is connected to a lever, the one Drives linkage with which at least one movable Switch contact of a medium-voltage circuit breaker connected is.
  • a medium or high voltage load switch 1 contains three Switch poles 2, 3, 4, each having a switching chamber 5,
  • the switching chamber 3 e.g. a vacuum interrupter is of conventional design.
  • the mobile Switch contact is connected to a shaft 7, the under Preload of a spring 8 on a shaft 6 is longitudinally displaceable is stored.
  • the spring 8 of the switch poles 2, 3, 4 excited i.e. the springs 8 relax when opening the Circuit breaker 1.
  • the shaft 6 is rigid with a rod 9 connected, e.g. via a bolt 10 to one end of a pivotally mounted toggle lever 11 is hinged, the other End at a right angle to the rod 9 in a housing 12 slidable rod 13 is articulated.
  • the housing 12 carries the Switch poles 2, 3, 4, which are arranged in a row.
  • rod 13 At one end of the rod 13 is one end of another, in Housing 12 pivotally mounted toggle lever 14, the the other end is hinged to a rod 15 which on her connected at the other end to a linear magnetic drive 16 is.
  • the linear magnetic shown in more detail in FIG. 2 Drive 16 has a yoke 17 which is rectangular on the outside laminated soft iron sheets on Vom Joch 17 jump back a space 18 recessed inside in the yoke 17 on two each other opposite sides of pole shoes 19, 20 in front, on the ends a permanent magnet 21, 22 is attached in each case.
  • the permanent magnets 21, 22 form a first pair of permanent magnets that are the same Poles face each other.
  • An armature 23 and a are in the space 18 inside the yoke 17 magnetic shunt body 24 one behind the other linearly movable arranged.
  • the armature 23 and the shunt body 24 exist each made of laminated iron sheet and are not form-fitting attached to each other.
  • the displacement path for the armature 23 and the Shunt body 24 is at one end by a first Stop 25 and at the other end by a second stop 26 limited.
  • the stops 25, 26 are a flat surface of the yoke 17th educated.
  • the movement space of the armature 23 is laterally through the permanent magnets 21, 22 limited. Between the walls 27 that on project from one side of the pole shoes 21, 22 from the yoke 17, and the one end of the movement space 18, the coil is one Electromagnet 28 arranged, the coil of one section of the space 18, which is adjacent to the stop 25.
  • a free space section 30 in which the Armature 23 and the shunt body 24 in their axial directions are movable.
  • the free space 30 is on the stop 26th facing side by a projecting section 31 bounded by a movement space section with a constant cross-section surrounds that to the outline of the Shunt body 24 is adapted.
  • Section 31 is not longer than the shunt body 24 and has a cross section, which is smaller than the outline of the anchor 24.
  • a second pair of permanent magnets 33, 34 Located in recesses 32 in the inner wall of section 31 a second pair of permanent magnets 33, 34, the smaller one Have dimensions as the permanent magnets 21, 22 and therefore also generate smaller forces.
  • a second electromagnet 35 is arranged between the permanent magnets 33, 34 and the stop 26 is in a recess of the yoke 17, the coil a second electromagnet 35 is arranged.
  • the field lines of the first and second electromagnets 28, 35 partially extend in the Yoke 17.
  • the shunt body 24 has a stop 26 facing Blind hole 36 into which a spring 37 projects, one end of which Bottom of the blind bore 36 abuts and the other end of the Stop 26 is attached.
  • the spring 37 exercises on the A shunt body 24 exerts a force in the direction of the armature 23.
  • the end face 38 of the armature facing the shunt body 25 23 tapers in a wedge shape in the direction of the shunt body 24, which has a recess 39 which is adapted to the wedge-shaped course having.
  • the magnetic circuit is designed so that the Lines of force of the permanent magnets 21, 22 depending on whether the armature and the shunt bodies are separated from each other or lie next to each other, predominantly over the stop 25 having part of the yoke 17 or the section 31 or the Close the part of the yoke 17 that has the stop 26. This means that the force emanating from the permanent magnets in first case on the stop 25 and in the second case against the Shunt body 24 is directed.
  • the dimensions of the anchor and shunt body in Direction of movement and the distance between the stops 25, 26th is therefore dimensioned such that when the armature 23 abuts the stop 25 and on this adjacent shunt body 24 over this and the section 31 closes a magnetic circuit, the Resistance to the magnetic field is less than that across the Stop 25 extending magnetic circuit. This creates a force directed against the shunt body 24 that the Armature 23 and the shunt body 24 in the direction of the stop 26 moves until the shunt body 24 abuts the stop 26.
  • the armature 23 contains two in the longitudinal direction one behind the other arranged through holes 40, in the not shown Bolts are used to secure the anchor to a yoke, Shunt body and armature running shaft is attached.
  • FIG. 3 a shows the armature 23 in its stable end position, in which it bears against the stop 25, at the same time the Shunt body 24 abuts the stop 26. Between Shunt body 24 and armature 23 is therefore a distance.
  • the of the permanent magnets 21, 22 outgoing magnetic field lines run mostly in anchor 23. To make this clear, are those designated 41, 42 and others not designated Field lines shown in Fig. 3 a. Over the small air gap the contact point between anchor 23 and stop 25 occur Field lines 41, 42 in the yoke 17 and close in the Permanent magnets 21, 22.
  • the armature 23 is therefore a force printed against the stop 25.
  • the anchor position shown in Fig. 3a corresponds to the Closing position of the circuit breaker 1.
  • the armature 23 is in its second stable end position shown, in which the shunt body 24 rests on the armature 23.
  • the magnetic emanating from the permanent magnets 21, 22 Field lines close almost completely over the circle, in which are the armature 23, the shunt body 24 and the air gap is located between the stop 26 and the shunt body 24.
  • the field lines 42, 43 are illustrated in FIG. 3b.
  • the anchor position corresponds to the open position of the Circuit breaker 1.
  • the permanent magnets 21, 22 outgoing force on the armature 23 and the shunt body 24 is much greater than the force of the spring 37, so that the Armature 23 remains stable in its end position.
  • the electromagnet 35 is energized.
  • a force is exerted on the shunt body 24 the force generated by the permanent magnets 33, 34 at least picks up.
  • the spring 37 therefore pushes the shunt body 24 from a lower end position against the armature 23, which is in its by the stop 25 determined end position.
  • This position the armature 23 and the shunt body 24 is in Fig. 3d shown.
  • the shunt body 24 contacts the armature 23 becomes a magnetic circuit over the shunt body 24 and the Section 31 for that generated by the permanent magnets 21, 22 Magnetic field closed, the circle to which over the stop 25 running circle is parallel.
  • the magnetic resistance is equal to or smaller than that of the last mentioned circle.
  • the armature 23 and the shunt body 24 move until the Shunt body 24 touches the stop 26. Then it turns the state shown in Fig. 3b.
  • the opening of the Switch contacts or the switch 1 can be switched off with little energy is drawn because only the Shunt body 24 to move to anchor 23 Switching speed is based on the stored energy Springs 8 and 44 determined.
  • the Electromagnet 28 is energized.
  • the Electromagnet 28 is designed so that it is a very strong one Generates a magnetic field that creates a force on the armature that acts in the direction of the stop 25.
  • 3c shows the Field line course at the time the Electromagnets 28. For clarification, only those are shown in FIG. 3c Field lines 48, 49 designated, of which the field line 48 in the magnetic circuit that contains the stop 25.
  • the Field line 49 runs in the circle that forms part of the armature 23, contains the shunt body 24 and the stop 26.
  • the energy for generating a very strong magnetic field is also achieved by discharging a capacitor through the coil of the Electromagnet 28 applied through. This capacitor is not shown in detail.
  • the strong magnetic field creates one large force acting on the armature 23, by means of which the armature 23 is quickly moved towards the stop 25.
  • the armature 23 has reached the stop 25, the state shown in FIG. 3a is established.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Commutateur à entraínement magnétique, qui comporte un induit qui peut être déplacé linéairement entre deux positions finales, qui comporte au moins un contact mobile de commutation et qui, dans les positions finales, est soumis à l'influence de forces produites de manière magnétique, caractérisé en ce que l'induit (23) et un corps de dérivation ferromagnétique (24) sont disposés l'un derrière l'autre dans une chambre (18) disposée entre une première et une deuxième butées (25, 26), en ce que les butées (25, 26) sont des faces polaires de circuits magnétiques qui comprennent au moins un aimant permanent (21, 22) qui exerce, sur l'induit (23), qui peut être déplacé en direction de la première butée (25) par la force d'un électro-aimant (28), une force maintenant l'induit (23) dans la première position finale stable, quand le corps de dérivation ferromagnétique (24) est disposé, dans sa position finale, sur la deuxième butée (26) et en ce que, du fait de l'appui du corps de dérivation ferromagnétique (24) contre l'induit (23), la force exercée par des aimants permanents (21, 22) sur l'induit (23) est, le cas échéant, inversée dans sa direction par une force exercée agissant de l'extérieur sur l'induit (23) et est transmise sur le corps de dérivation ferromagnétique (24), grâce à quoi le corps de dérivation ferromagnétique (24) est déplacé jusqu'à la deuxième butée (26) et l'induit (23) est déplacé jusqu'à sa deuxième position finale stable et y est maintenu par la force des aimants permanents (21, 22).
  2. Commutateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le commutateur (1) est fermé dans la première position finale stable de l'induit (23) et ouvert dans la deuxième position stable de l'induit (23).
  3. Commutateur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le circuit magnétique comprend une première paire d'aimants permanents qui sont disposés à la même hauteur sur les côtés de la chambre et sont dirigés avec les mêmes pôles vers l'induit, une deuxième paire d'aimants permanents étant disposée à distance de la première paire sur le côté de la chambre et étant dirigée avec les mêmes pôles vers le corps de dérivation ferromagnétique lorsque ce dernier repose sur la deuxième butée.
  4. Commutateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, sur le corps de dérivation ferromagnétique (24) agit, en direction de l'induit (23), une force de ressort à laquelle s'oppose la force de la deuxième paire d'aimants permanents (33, 34) avec un excédent pressant le corps de dérivation ferromagnétique (24) sur la deuxième butée (26), et en ce que la force de la deuxième paire d'aimants permanents (33, 34) peut être compensée par la force du deuxième électro-aimant (35).
  5. Commutateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'induit (23) comporte une face frontale (38) dirigée vers le corps de dérivation ferromagnétique (24), qui diminue vers l'extérieur et correspondant avec un évidement (39) aménagé dans le corps de dérivation ferromagnétique (24) et qui diminue vers l'intérieur.
  6. Commutateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les aimants permanents (21, 22) de la première paire sont disposés sur ou dans des pièces polaires (19, 20), et en ce que se succèdent, entre les faces (27), faisant saillie de la culasse (17), des pièces polaires et le niveau de la première butée (25), la bobine du premier électroaimant (28), entre les faces opposées (29), faisant saillie de la culasse (17), des pièces polaires (19, 20) et le niveau de la deuxième butée (26), un espace creux (30), s'étendant dans la direction du mouvement de l'induit d'une longueur inférieure à la longueur du corps de dérivation ferromagnétique (24), et une section (31) adaptée au contour extérieur du corps de dérivation ferromagnétique (24) et dans les parois de laquelle sont disposés des évidements contenant la deuxième paire d'aimants permanents, ainsi que la bobine du deuxième électro-aimant (35).
  7. Commutateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les circuits magnétiques comprennent une culasse rectangulaire (17) en tôle en fer doux feuilleté avec les pièces polaires (19, 20) faisant saillie dans l'intérieur d'un évidement aménagé dans la culasse (17) et qui limite latéralement l'amplitude de déplacement de l'induit (23) et du corps de dérivation ferromagnétique (24).
  8. Commutateur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'induit (23) comporte des trous traversants pour la fixation de la tige d'entraínement (15), au moyen de laquelle l'énergie d'entraínement peut être transmise à des contacts de commutation mobile.
EP97923052A 1996-05-17 1997-05-10 Commutateur electrique a entrainement magnetique Expired - Lifetime EP0898780B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19619835 1996-05-17
DE19619835A DE19619835A1 (de) 1996-05-17 1996-05-17 Elektrischer Schalter mit einem magnetischen Antrieb
PCT/EP1997/002404 WO1997044802A1 (fr) 1996-05-17 1997-05-10 Commutateur electrique a entrainement magnetique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0898780A1 EP0898780A1 (fr) 1999-03-03
EP0898780B1 true EP0898780B1 (fr) 2000-04-26

Family

ID=7794520

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97923052A Expired - Lifetime EP0898780B1 (fr) 1996-05-17 1997-05-10 Commutateur electrique a entrainement magnetique

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6130594A (fr)
EP (1) EP0898780B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE192262T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2896297A (fr)
DE (2) DE19619835A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2147991T3 (fr)
TR (1) TR199802325T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1997044802A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2312606A1 (fr) 2009-10-14 2011-04-20 ABB Technology AG Actionneur magnétique bistable pour un disjoncteur de tension moyenne
EP2312604A1 (fr) 2009-10-14 2011-04-20 ABB Technology AG Actionneur magnétique bistable pour un disjoncteur de tension moyenne
EP2312605A1 (fr) 2009-10-14 2011-04-20 ABB Technology AG Actionneur magnétique bistable pour un disjoncteur de tension moyenne
EP2325858A1 (fr) 2009-11-20 2011-05-25 ABB Technology AG Agencement de disjoncteur de moyenne tension
US9336960B2 (en) 2010-12-03 2016-05-10 Abb Technology Ab Method of manufacturing a push rod of a vacuum interrupter

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DE19947105C2 (de) * 1999-09-30 2002-01-24 Siemens Ag Verfahren und zugehörige Anordnungen zum Schalten elektrischer Lastkreise
EA002372B1 (ru) * 2000-10-13 2002-04-25 Роман Иванович Мельник Электромагнитный привод вакуумного выключателя
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EP2469562A1 (fr) * 2010-12-22 2012-06-27 ABB Technology AG Ensemble d'insertion pour un interrupteur de circuit
EP2704173A1 (fr) * 2012-08-27 2014-03-05 ABB Technology AG Actionneur électromagnétique destiné à un disjoncteur sous vide à moyenne tension
CN103198981A (zh) * 2013-03-18 2013-07-10 贵州锐动科技有限公司 抗外磁干扰的磁保持电磁开关元件
DE102013013585B4 (de) * 2013-06-20 2020-09-17 Rhefor Gbr Selbsthaltemagnet mit besonders kleiner elektrischer Auslöseleistung
EP3258473B1 (fr) * 2016-06-13 2019-08-07 ABB Schweiz AG Contacteur moyenne tension
EP3316273B1 (fr) * 2016-10-25 2023-11-29 ABB Schweiz AG Partie polaire d'appareillage de commutation moyenne tension
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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2312606A1 (fr) 2009-10-14 2011-04-20 ABB Technology AG Actionneur magnétique bistable pour un disjoncteur de tension moyenne
EP2312604A1 (fr) 2009-10-14 2011-04-20 ABB Technology AG Actionneur magnétique bistable pour un disjoncteur de tension moyenne
EP2312605A1 (fr) 2009-10-14 2011-04-20 ABB Technology AG Actionneur magnétique bistable pour un disjoncteur de tension moyenne
WO2011045062A1 (fr) 2009-10-14 2011-04-21 Abb Technology Ag Disjoncteur à un boîtier partagé
WO2011045061A1 (fr) 2009-10-14 2011-04-21 Abb Technology Ag Actionneur magnétique bistable pour disjoncteur moyenne tension
WO2011045060A1 (fr) 2009-10-14 2011-04-21 Abb Technology Ag Dispositif électrique avec logement à plusieurs chambres
US8653398B2 (en) 2009-10-14 2014-02-18 Abb Technology Ag Electrical device with a multi-chamber housing
US8692636B2 (en) 2009-10-14 2014-04-08 Abb Technology Ag Bistable magnetic actuator for a medium voltage circuit breaker
EP2325858A1 (fr) 2009-11-20 2011-05-25 ABB Technology AG Agencement de disjoncteur de moyenne tension
WO2011060921A1 (fr) 2009-11-20 2011-05-26 Abb Technology Ag Agencement de disjoncteur de moyenne tension
US8629366B2 (en) 2009-11-20 2014-01-14 Abb Technology Ag Medium voltage circuit breaker arrangement
US9336960B2 (en) 2010-12-03 2016-05-10 Abb Technology Ab Method of manufacturing a push rod of a vacuum interrupter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2147991T3 (es) 2000-10-01
AU2896297A (en) 1997-12-09
DE59701519D1 (de) 2000-05-31
EP0898780A1 (fr) 1999-03-03
WO1997044802A1 (fr) 1997-11-27
ATE192262T1 (de) 2000-05-15
US6130594A (en) 2000-10-10
DE19619835A1 (de) 1997-11-20
TR199802325T2 (xx) 1999-03-22

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