EP1381127B1 - Eclateur pouvant supporter un courant de foudre - Google Patents
Eclateur pouvant supporter un courant de foudre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1381127B1 EP1381127B1 EP03001847A EP03001847A EP1381127B1 EP 1381127 B1 EP1381127 B1 EP 1381127B1 EP 03001847 A EP03001847 A EP 03001847A EP 03001847 A EP03001847 A EP 03001847A EP 1381127 B1 EP1381127 B1 EP 1381127B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spark gap
- partial
- spark
- voltage
- gaps
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T2/00—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means
- H01T2/02—Spark gaps comprising auxiliary triggering means comprising a trigger electrode or an auxiliary spark gap
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
- H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
- H01T4/16—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a plurality of gaps arranged in series
Definitions
- the invention relates to a lightning current-carrying spark gap with a plurality of spark gaps connected in series, the spark gap is made of n-part spark gaps, the arc voltage is brought by series connection of the partial spark gaps to n times the arc voltage of a partial spark gap, the partial spark gaps with the exception of the first in Blitzstromereignisfall responsive spark gap are connected by impedances, so that they successively switch through, the second and the other spark gaps on the impedances directly to a common reference potential, in particular to the free electrode of the last spark gap as Reference electrode are placed, further wherein the impedances are preferably formed by capacitances.
- a surge arrester with several series circuits of spark gaps, which are arranged between two potentials, to improve in that the connection points of two adjacent series circuits are each connected via a control spark gap to one of the two potentials, wherein the control spark gaps are each surrounded by a gas , which reduces its response voltage, and wherein the entire series circuits are surrounded by a gas, which increases the response voltage.
- the response voltage of the control spark gaps is staggered such that one receives a subsequent ignition of the individual series circuits by the potential jump occurring at the relevant series circuit as soon as one of the control spark gaps has ignited, which bridges this stack.
- a spark gap according to the preamble of the unakhlichigen claims is from the DE 197 42 302 A1 as well as the DE 197 55 082 A1 known.
- the response voltage can not be set arbitrarily small for multiple spark gaps.
- the reason for this is the successive ignition of the individual partial spark gaps of the multiple spark gap and the limited down setting of the strike distance of the partial spark gaps of the multiple spark gap.
- the dependence of the response voltage of the voltage gradient of the applied voltage also known as shock characteristic due to the Entladeveryak the partial spark gaps of the multiple spark gap.
- the present invention seeks to improve a lightning current conductor generic type such that the response voltage is reduced.
- Embodiments of the invention are in the FIGS. 1 to 13 shown and explained in more detail below.
- FIG. 1 a spark gap according to the prior art is shown.
- the prior art circuit shown has a multiple spark gap with a plurality of serially connected spark gaps FS1 to FSN.
- the partial spark gaps are connected, with the exception of the first responding spark gap FS1 in the lightning current event case, by impedances C2 to CN, so that they are successively switched through.
- the second and the further spark gaps are directly connected via the impedances a common reference potential B, for example, placed on the free electrode of the last spark gap FSN as a reference electrode.
- the impedances C2 to CN are preferably formed by capacitors in the form of capacitors. Parallel to each spark gap, a parallel capacity CP1 to CPN is indicated. These parallel capacities are the intrinsic capacity of each spark gap.
- the connection of the spark gap is indicated to a conductor of a power supply network or the like to be protected conductor. If such a spark gap is connected to a hybrid generator for the purpose of simulating the response, which is usually used to verify the performance of a lightning arrester, the following picture emerges.
- the hybrid generator provides a lightning impulse voltage of 1.2 / 50 ⁇ s at idle and a surge current of the form 8/20 ⁇ s when the spark gap is switched through.
- the successive response of the partial spark gap of the multiple spark gap shows. After the complete Ignition of all partial spark gaps of the multiple spark gap adjusts itself to the multiple spark gap of the voltage drop formed by anode and cathode cases of all partial spark gaps of the multiple spark gap.
- the current flow through the multiple spark gap starts at the first ignition of the first part spark gap and is determined by the capacitive control.
- the actual surge current begins with the ignition of the entire multiple spark gap.
- the response voltage of a multiple spark gap can be reduced by a smaller impact distance of the partial spark gaps to a lower limit, which is given by the tolerances in the production.
- a lightning arrester is constantly connected to the mains voltage at the installation site and therefore has to be designed for the appropriate test alternating voltage.
- the invention proposes a new way of lowering the response voltage.
- the core of Invention is that according to claims 1, 3 and 5, at least one, preferably all partial spark gaps of the multiple spark gap is brought by applying a trigger voltage to the electrodes of the partial spark gaps for switching.
- triggering the appropriate response voltage can be set almost arbitrarily small, which is extremely advantageous for the function of the multiple spark gap.
- FIG. 2 a further realization of a multiple spark gap is shown.
- a trigger voltage is generated by means of an auxiliary spark gap connected in parallel with the multiple spark gap, whose response voltage is smaller than the response voltage of a partial spark gap of the multiple spark gap and has a flat impact characteristic.
- the triggering is done by an auxiliary spark gap HFS1 and Connection of partial spark gaps FS1 to FSN via a passive network of resistors W 1 to W N. If one simulates the behavior in such a circuit arrangement compared to an ungetriggered multiple spark gap on a hybrid generator, then it should be noted that the auxiliary spark gap HFS1 is set to a response voltage well below the response voltage of the partial spark gaps FS1 to FSN.
- this auxiliary spark gap HFS1 does not have to carry any lightning current, a known noble gas filled spark gap can be used, which is characterized by a low An Anlagenblitzrichposed of 700 volts and a flat-running impact characteristic.
- a voltage pulse connected to W N simultaneously to the connected component dischargers FS1 to FSN via the current limiting resistors W1.
- FSN which is connected to reference potential or ground potential, is also the voltage pulse.
- the Control capacitors C2 to CN are charged via the current limiting resistors W 1 to W N.
- the current limiting resistors can be set so that the lightning current does not flow through the auxiliary spark gap HFS1, but through all the partial spark gaps FS1 to FSN of the multiple spark gap.
- FIG. 3 is the circuit after FIG. 2 supplemented by the additional involvement of a varistor or varistors V 1 , V 2 .
- the connection of several varistors in series circuit reduces the effective in the series circuit capacitance of the varistors and thus has an advantageous effect on the voltage distribution at AC voltage, in particular at test AC voltage.
- FIG. 4 a first variant of a circuit according to the invention is shown.
- an electronic threshold switch preferably a Schmitt trigger is used, which switches through the switching transistor T at a freely selectable voltage value.
- a Schmitt trigger is used, which switches through the switching transistor T at a freely selectable voltage value.
- current limiting resistors and control capacitors are provided.
- FIG. 5 a development of this circuit is shown, in turn, a plurality of varistors V 1 , V 2 are turned on, as in FIG. 5 seen.
- the use of a plurality of varistors connected in series reduces the effective capacitance of the varistors in the series connection and therefore has an advantageous effect on the voltage distribution at AC voltage, especially at test AC voltage.
- FIG. 4 and 5 thus, a triggering by an arrangement of a threshold SW and a switching transistor T via a passive network of resistors (current limiting resistors).
- the triggering is performed by an auxiliary spark gap HFS1 with pulse transformer TRA and connecting partial spark gaps via a passive network of resistors (current limiting resistors).
- FIG. 6 a circuit with an auxiliary spark gap HFS1, whose function already in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 was explained.
- the auxiliary spark gap HFS1 is in this case connected in series with a transformer TRA for generating a higher voltage pulse for triggering the partial spark gaps FS1 to FSN of the multiple spark gap.
- the series resistance in the branch of the primary winding (in the drawing top right) of the transformer TRA is used to limit the current and thus to protect the transformer.
- the secondary voltage of the secondary winding (left in the drawing above) is in the same manner as described in the other embodiments, to the partial spark gaps FS1 to FSN of the multiple spark gap.
- the transformer TRA is switched so that the polarity is reversed.
- auxiliary spark gap HFS1 with a plurality of pulse transformers TR1 to TRN and connection of component dischargers FS1 to FSN via a passive network of resistors W 1 to W N (current limiting resistors) is shown in training.
- the transformers TR1 to TRN are arranged at each partial spark gap of the multiple spark gap with the exception of the first partial spark gap FS1.
- the transformers TR1 to TRN are connected so that the polarity is reversed, that is when igniting the auxiliary spark gap HFS1 at a positive voltage is at the output of the secondary side of the transformers TR1 to TRN to reference potential or ground potential to a negative voltage.
- a current limiting resistor is turned on.
- FIG. 8 Another possible circuit arrangement is in FIG. 8 shown.
- the triggering is performed by auxiliary spark gaps HFS1 and HFS2 with generation of a vibrating surge voltage and connection of partial spark gaps FS1 to FSN via a passive network of resistors (current limiting resistors).
- FIG. 8 is a corresponding circuit with show two auxiliary spark gaps HFS1 and HFS2, which serve to generate a higher voltage pulse for triggering the partial spark gaps FS1 to FSN of the multiple spark gap.
- the applied voltage at the multiple spark gap initially ignites the auxiliary spark gap HFS1, which charges the capacitor C S until the ignition voltage of the auxiliary spark gap HFS2 is reached.
- the auxiliary spark gap HFS2 ignites and switches the charged capacitor C S via the coil of the inductance L to the capacitor C B , at which approximately twice the voltage of the capacitor C S occurs.
- the higher trigger voltage the ignition behavior with respect to the circuit improves, for example FIG. 2 ,
- the capacitor C S has approximately 10 times the capacitance of the capacitor C B.
- FIG. 9 can be dispensed with the second auxiliary spark gap and the capacitor C S.
- a Schmitt trigger can be used as a threshold switch, which switches the switching transistor at a freely selectable voltage value, whereby it is possible to switch voltages below the limit given at edelgastellen spark gaps limit of about 700 volts and to avoid the adverse effects of the shock characteristic of a noble gas-filled spark gap ,
- FIG. 10 Analogous to the circuit after FIG. 7 is according to FIG. 10 an arrangement of transformers TR1 to TRN provided, wherein the trigger voltage is applied in each case to metallic electrodes within the insulation between the electrodes of each partial spark gap FS1 to FSN of the multiple spark gap.
- FIG. 11 is an example of a similar trigger circuit as in Fig. 2 , with connection via resistors W 1 to W N to the metallic electrode within the insulation between the electrodes of each partial spark gaps FS1 to FSN of the multiple spark gap.
- FIGS. 12 and 13 The structure of such a spark gap with metallic trigger electrode is in FIGS. 12 and 13 shown.
- the two electrodes of the spark gap FS are denoted by E1 and E2. Between these, an insulation I is arranged, within which the metallic trigger electrode T is arranged. At this trigger electrode, the corresponding trigger voltage can be applied.
- the electrodes E1 and E2 are circular flat disks, while the insulation I is an annular body of insulating material and also the metallic trigger electrode T is a metallic ring member.
Landscapes
- Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Generation Of Surge Voltage And Current (AREA)
- Insulators (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
- Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)
Claims (12)
- Eclateur pouvant supporter un courant de foudre comportant plusieurs éclateurs branchées en série, l'éclateur étant composé de n éclateurs partiels (FS) dont la chute de tension dans l'arc est amenée, par branchement en série des éclateurs partiels (FS), à n fois la valeur de la chute de tension dans l'arc d'un éclateur partiel, les éclateurs partiels (FS) étant, à l'exception du premier éclateur (FS1) à réagir en cas de courant de foudre, connectés par des impédances (C2-CN) de manière à être successivement conducteurs, le deuxième éclateur et les éclateurs suivants (FS2-FSN) étant reliés directement par les impédances à un potentiel de référence commun, en particulier à l'électrode libre du dernier éclateur (FSN) en tant qu'électrode de référence, les impédances (C2-CN) étant en outre de préférence formées par des capacités, caractérisé en ce qu'une tension de déclenchement est appliquée au moins aux électrodes d'un des éclateurs partiels (FS1-FSN), au moyen de laquelle l'éclateur partiel est rendu conducteur, que pour générer la tension de déclenchement un éclateur auxiliaire (HFS1) est branché en parallèle avec l'éclateur multiple, dont la tension de réponse est plus petite que la tension de réponse d'un éclateur partiel (FS) de l'éclateur multiple et qui présente de préférence une caractéristique de surtension plate, et qu'au moins un transformateur (TRA) est branché en série avec l'éclateur auxiliaire (HFS1).
- Eclateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs transformateurs (TR1-TRN) sont branchés en série avec l'éclateur auxiliaire (HFS1), un transformateur (TR1-TRN) étant branché en parallèle avec chaque éclateur partiel (FS2-FSN), à l'exception du premier éclateur partiel (FS1 de l'éclateur multiple.
- Eclateur pouvant supporter un courant de foudre comportant plusieurs éclateurs branchés en série, l'éclateur étant composé de n éclateurs partiels (FS) dont la chute de tension dans l'arc est amenée, par branchement en série des éclateurs partiels (FS), à n fois la valeur de la chute de tension dans l'arc d'un éclateur partiel, les éclateurs partiels (FS) étant, à l'exception du premier éclateur (FS1) à réagir en cas de courant de foudre, connectés par des impédances (C2-CN) de manière à être successivement conducteurs, le deuxième éclateur et les éclateurs suivants (FS2-FSN) étant reliés directement par les impédances à un potentiel de référence commun, en particulier à l'électrode libre du dernier éclateur (FSN) en tant qu'électrode de référence, les impédances (C2-CN) étant en outre de préférence formées par des capacités, caractérisé en ce qu'une tension de déclenchement est appliquée au moins aux électrodes d'un des éclateurs partiels (FS1-FSN), au moyen de laquelle l'éclateur partiel est rendu conducteur, que pour générer la tension de déclenchement un éclateur auxiliaire (HFS1) est branché en parallèle avec l'éclateur multiple, dont la tension de réponse est plus petite que la tension de réponse d'un éclateur partiel (FS) de l'éclateur multiple et qui présente de préférence une caractéristique de surtension plate, et qu'un circuit oscillant formé d'une bobine (L) et d'au moins un condensateur (CB) pour générer une surtension transitoire oscillante est branché en série avec l'éclateur auxiliaire (HFS1).
- Eclateur selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce qu'un circuit oscillant formé de deux condensateurs (CS, CB) et d'une bobine (L) pour générer une surtension transitoire oscillante est branché en série avec l'éclateur auxiliaire (HFS1), un deuxième éclateur auxiliaire (HFS2) étant branché en série avec la bobine (L) dans le circuit oscillant.
- Eclateur pouvant supporter un courant de foudre comportant plusieurs éclateurs branchés en série, l'éclateur étant composé de n éclateurs partiels (FS) dont la chute de tension dans l'arc est amenée, par branchement en série des éclateurs partiels (FS), à n fois la valeur de la chute de tension dans l'arc d'un éclateur partiel, les éclateurs partiels (FS) étant, à l'exception du premier éclateur (FS1) à réagir en cas de courant de foudre, connectés par des impédances (C2-CN) de manière à être successivement conducteurs, le deuxième éclateur et les éclateurs suivants (FS2-FSN) étant reliés par les impédances directement à un potentiel de référence commun, en particulier à l'électrode libre du dernier éclateur (FSN) en tant qu'électrode de référence, les impédances (C2-CN) étant en outre de préférence formées par des capacités, caractérisé en ce qu'une tension de déclenchement est appliquée au moins aux électrodes d'un des éclateurs partiels (FS1-FSN), au moyen de laquelle l'éclateur partiel est rendu conducteur, et que pour générer la tension de déclenchement un commutateur à valeur seuil (SW), en particulier un triggcr de Schmitt avec transistor de commutation (T) est branché en parallèle avec l'éclateur multiple.
- Eclateur selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la tension de conduction peut être réglée plus petite que la tension de réponse d'un éclateur partiel de l'éclateur multiple et ne présente pas de caractéristique de surtension.
- Eclateur selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la tension de déclenchement est appliquée aux électrodes des éclateurs partiels via des résistances de limitation de courant (W1-WN).
- Eclateur selon une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un éclateur partiel (FS) est composé de deux électrodes (E1, E2) et d'un anneau en matériau isolant (I) disposé entre elles, une électrode de déclenchement (T) de préférence annulaire et en particulier métallique, à laquelle la tension de déclenchement est appliquée, étant intégrée dans le matériau isolant (I).
- Eclateur selon une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que deux éclateurs partiels (FS) sont chaque fois situés entre les connexions des éclateurs partiels (FS1-FSN) auxquelles la tension de déclenchement est appliquée.
- Eclateur selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la tension de déclenchement est appliquée au dernier éclateur partiel (FSN) relié au potentiel de terre ou au potentiel de référence.
- Eclateur selon une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une varistance (V1, V2) est branchée en série avec l'élément générant la tension de déclenchement.
- Eclateur selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que deux varistances (V1, V2) sont branchées en série.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200331991T SI1381127T1 (sl) | 2002-07-09 | 2003-01-29 | Razelektritveno vezje za zadrĹľevanje toka ob udaru strele |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10230827A DE10230827A1 (de) | 2002-07-09 | 2002-07-09 | Blitzstromtragfähige Funkenstrecke |
DE10230827 | 2002-07-09 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1381127A2 EP1381127A2 (fr) | 2004-01-14 |
EP1381127A3 EP1381127A3 (fr) | 2008-07-30 |
EP1381127B1 true EP1381127B1 (fr) | 2011-03-23 |
Family
ID=29723803
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03001847A Expired - Lifetime EP1381127B1 (fr) | 2002-07-09 | 2003-01-29 | Eclateur pouvant supporter un courant de foudre |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1381127B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1467895A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE503290T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE10230827A1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2358790T3 (fr) |
SI (1) | SI1381127T1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2816683A1 (fr) | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-24 | OBO Bettermann GmbH & Co. KG | Éclateur multiple |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI121765B (fi) * | 2005-07-01 | 2011-03-31 | Alstom Grid Oy | Menetelmä ja sovitelma sarjakipinävälin liipaisemiseksi |
DE102008049471A1 (de) | 2007-10-15 | 2009-11-12 | Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg | Funkenstreckenanordnung für höhere Bemessungsspannungen |
DE102008064794B3 (de) * | 2007-10-15 | 2017-03-02 | DEHN + SÖHNE GmbH + Co. KG. | Funkenstreckenanordnung für höhere Bemessungsspannungen |
CN101227088B (zh) * | 2007-11-30 | 2012-03-28 | 上海电科电器科技有限公司 | 多点火花触发电涌保护器 |
CN102986107B (zh) * | 2010-11-08 | 2016-06-01 | 深圳市盾牌防雷技术有限公司 | 浪涌保护装置 |
CN102222897B (zh) * | 2011-06-15 | 2014-08-27 | 中国电力科学研究院 | 一种高可靠性可控多重火花放电间隙 |
CN102545196B (zh) * | 2012-02-10 | 2015-01-28 | 四川中光防雷科技股份有限公司 | 一种多层放电间隙型电涌保护器 |
DE102015114504A1 (de) | 2015-08-31 | 2017-03-02 | Epcos Ag | Mehrfachfunkenstreckenableiter |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2364034C3 (de) * | 1973-12-21 | 1985-08-22 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Überspannungsableiter |
DE19742302A1 (de) | 1997-09-25 | 1999-04-08 | Bettermann Obo Gmbh & Co Kg | Blitzstromtragfähige Funkenstrecke |
-
2002
- 2002-07-09 DE DE10230827A patent/DE10230827A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-01-29 AT AT03001847T patent/ATE503290T1/de active
- 2003-01-29 SI SI200331991T patent/SI1381127T1/sl unknown
- 2003-01-29 DE DE50313559T patent/DE50313559D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-29 EP EP03001847A patent/EP1381127B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-01-29 ES ES03001847T patent/ES2358790T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-19 CN CNA031061613A patent/CN1467895A/zh active Pending
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2816683A1 (fr) | 2013-06-19 | 2014-12-24 | OBO Bettermann GmbH & Co. KG | Éclateur multiple |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
SI1381127T1 (sl) | 2011-07-29 |
ES2358790T3 (es) | 2011-05-13 |
EP1381127A3 (fr) | 2008-07-30 |
ATE503290T1 (de) | 2011-04-15 |
DE50313559D1 (de) | 2011-05-05 |
DE10230827A1 (de) | 2004-02-05 |
CN1467895A (zh) | 2004-01-14 |
EP1381127A2 (fr) | 2004-01-14 |
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