EP1365869B1 - Cage de laminoir pour la production de feuillards lamines plans presentant un surhaussement de profil de feuillard desire - Google Patents

Cage de laminoir pour la production de feuillards lamines plans presentant un surhaussement de profil de feuillard desire Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1365869B1
EP1365869B1 EP02702282A EP02702282A EP1365869B1 EP 1365869 B1 EP1365869 B1 EP 1365869B1 EP 02702282 A EP02702282 A EP 02702282A EP 02702282 A EP02702282 A EP 02702282A EP 1365869 B1 EP1365869 B1 EP 1365869B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roll
rolls
working rolls
working
roll stand
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02702282A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1365869A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Seidel
Wilfried Bald
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMS Siemag AG
Original Assignee
SMS Demag AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SMS Demag AG filed Critical SMS Demag AG
Publication of EP1365869A1 publication Critical patent/EP1365869A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1365869B1 publication Critical patent/EP1365869B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B13/00—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories
    • B21B13/14—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories having counter-pressure devices acting on rolls to inhibit deflection of same under load; Back-up rolls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B13/00—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories
    • B21B13/14—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories having counter-pressure devices acting on rolls to inhibit deflection of same under load; Back-up rolls
    • B21B13/142—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories having counter-pressure devices acting on rolls to inhibit deflection of same under load; Back-up rolls by axially shifting the rolls, e.g. rolls with tapered ends or with a curved contour for continuously-variable crown CVC
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B13/00—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories
    • B21B13/02—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories with axes of rolls arranged horizontally
    • B21B13/04—Three-high arrangement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B13/00—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories
    • B21B13/02—Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories with axes of rolls arranged horizontally
    • B21B2013/025—Quarto, four-high stands
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B31/00—Rolling stand structures; Mounting, adjusting, or interchanging rolls, roll mountings, or stand frames
    • B21B31/16—Adjusting or positioning rolls
    • B21B31/20—Adjusting or positioning rolls by moving rolls perpendicularly to roll axis
    • B21B2031/206—Horizontal offset of work rolls
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B2267/00—Roll parameters
    • B21B2267/02—Roll dimensions
    • B21B2267/06—Roll diameter
    • B21B2267/065—Top and bottom roll have different diameters; Asymmetrical rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B27/00—Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabrication; Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B35/00—Drives for metal-rolling mills, e.g. hydraulic drives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B35/00—Drives for metal-rolling mills, e.g. hydraulic drives
    • B21B35/10—Driving arrangements for rolls which have only a low-power drive; Driving arrangements for rolls which receive power from the shaft of another roll
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B21B37/28—Control of flatness or profile during rolling of strip, sheets or plates
    • B21B37/42—Control of flatness or profile during rolling of strip, sheets or plates using a combination of roll bending and axial shifting of the rolls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a roll stand for the production of flat rolled strips with the desired Belt profile elevation, with supported on at least one support roller Work rolls, the work rolls having different diameters have, the thicker work roll is connected to a drive and the runs thinner work roll than "drag roller".
  • Rolling mills with different diameters of the work rolls are known.
  • a rolling mill is described in US Pat. No. 2,139,872, in which, in order the most effective possible reduction of the rolled strip during rolling reach, two work rolls supported on backup rolls with different Diameter are arranged. It has proven advantageous here only to drive the larger work roll and the smaller roll as a drag roll to let it run.
  • Such known rolling mills are advantageously used in the rear stands of a rolling mill used with the aim of reducing the rolling force and the drive power as well as a lower edge drop, especially with high-carbon steef.
  • the object of the invention is the known rolling mill with its different Work roll diameters continue to be modified so that a strip is higher Quality is generated and these scaffolds can be used universally.
  • the known different sizes Work rolls with a CVC cut (known among other things from DE 37 120 43 C2; the CVC cut or the roller contour follows a polynomial second or higher order) and the work and back-up rolls to be arranged both axially and in the outlet direction received a completely new scaffolding concept that is different from the known ones Roll stands can be used more universally and the rolled strips produce with high flatness and desired belt profile elevation.
  • a 5th order polynomial of the general form: R (x) a 5 • x 5 + a 4 • x 4 + a 3 • x 3 + a 2 • x 2 + a 1 • x + a 0
  • the work rolls Since the work roll diameters are different, the work rolls have also a different deflection and flattening behavior. specially the effects between the backup rolls and the work rolls are different. This applies in particular to a 3-roll stand, in which only the thinner one Work roll is supported by a backup roll because the thicker work roll any support is missing.
  • the contours of the work rolls were therefore designed differently according to the invention to compensate for these effects. The required contour is calculated offline with the goal of creating a symmetrical roll gap under load.
  • the new roll stand concept is special in such a case 3-roll stand applicable. These scaffolds can be advantageous, for example for not so high loads then also used for the front scaffolding become. Even with this 3-roll stand, only the thicker work roll is used driven and the thinner work roll runs as a drag roller.
  • the thicker Work roll acts as a work roll that transmits a high moment can and which also serves as a backup roller. The combination with the other, thinner work roll supported by a separate backup roll then results in controllable rolling forces.
  • the non-driven work roll is also advantageous for the non-driven work roll to be provided with an auxiliary drive, which then uncouples after tapping and / or is switched off. Through this measure the vibrations that frequently occur in the front stands during rolling (Swinging of the work rolls against each other) avoided because then the work rolls are decoupled in terms of drive during rolling.
  • the auxiliary drive also provides a benefit that may be necessary allows axial movement of the work rolls during the breaks.
  • the work rolls are out in their Wear behavior of different materials or made of highly wear-resistant Materials manufactured, for example after a powder metallurgical Process, preferably the HIP process (hot isostatic pressing).
  • HIP process hot isostatic pressing
  • the HIP process as it is in the special print from "Stahi” (1998), volume 6, pages 38-40 is described, the material to be treated in special autoclave (HIP systems) at all-sided pressure (up to 200 Mpa) and higher Temperature (depending on the material up to 2000 ° C) warmed up above its yield point and condensed at the same time.
  • a four-high stand 10 is shown with two work rolls 1, 2, the are supported on support rollers 3, 4. Below the rolled strip 6 is one.
  • Stripper 2 with a larger and above the roll belt 6 a work roll 1 arranged with a smaller diameter.
  • the larger work roll 2 is with a Drive 5 provided, while the thinner work roll 1 no drive owns and only through contact with the rolling belt 6 as a "drag roller” starts to rotate.
  • the thinner work roll 1 is horizontally displaceable in the direction of arrow 9 arranged and in the illustrated embodiment in the discharge direction 7 of the rolled strip 6 offset by the amount 8 from its original position.
  • the contours of the surfaces of the work rolls 1, 2 with their associated Back-up rolls 3, 4 are calculated according to the invention by CVC grinding manufactured according to a polynomial of at least second order (in the illustrated Side view of the roll stand 10, this CVC cut is not visible).
  • the upper work roll 1 can for example have a diameter of 400 mm have lower work roll 2 of 600 mm, while the support rolls 3, 4 one Have a diameter of 1350 mm each.
  • a 3-roll stand 11 is shown, in which only the upper supports thinner work roll 1 on a support roll 3.
  • the thicker and driven one Work roll 2 is chosen so large in diameter that the higher moments can be transmitted and therefore this work roll 2 also serves as a backup roller.
  • Fig. 2 is the thinner work roll 1 by the amount 8 in the discharge direction 7 staggered from their original position.
  • the upper working salt 1 can a diameter of z. B. 600 mm and the upper backup roller 3rd a diameter between 1400 and 1600 mm.
  • the diameter of the bottom Work roll 2, which is also used here as a backup roll, can, for. B. 1400 mm.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the application of the invention in two rolling stands.
  • the invention can also be based on other roll stands with different numbers of Rolls are used, for example in roll stands with intermediate rolls.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Cage de laminage pour la fabrication de bandes laminées (6) planes avec une élévation souhaitée du profil de la bande, avec des cylindres de travail (1, 2) appuyés sur au moins un cylindre d'appui (3, 4), les cylindres de travail (1, 2) présentant des diamètres différents, le cylindre de travail (2) plus gros étant relié à un dispositif d'entraínement (5) et le cylindre de travail (1) plus mince étant entraíné "par friction", caractérisée
    en ce que les cylindres d'appui (3, 4) et les cylindres de travail (1, 2) dans la cage de laminage sont disposés de manière à pouvoir être déplacés axialement,
    en ce qu'au moins un des cylindres de travail (1, 2) dans le sens de la sortie (7) de la bande laminée (6) est réalisé de manière à pouvoir être réglé,
    en ce que les cylindres d'appui (3, 4) et les cylindres de travail (1, 2) sont pourvus d'un contour courbé et défini par un polynôme au moins du second degré, s'étendant sur toute la longueur de la table, décalés de 180° l'un par rapport à l'autre et réalisés à chaque fois de telle manière que les deux contours des tables des cylindres de travail (1, 2) se complètent de manière complémentaire en formant un contour symétrique de la fente de laminage.
  2. Cage de laminage selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que, pour compenser des comportements de flexion et d'aplatissement différents, les cylindres de travail (1, 2) sont réalisés avec des contours différents les uns des autres, en utilisant pour le calcul des contours un polynôme du troisième degré ou plus, par exemple un polynôme du 5ème degré.
  3. Cage de laminage (10, 11) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le décalage (8) des cylindres de travail (1, 2) est réglable en continu dans le sens de la sortie (7).
  4. Cage de laminage (10, 11) selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la grandeur du décalage des cylindres (8) est commandée en fonction, entre autres, de l'épaisseur d'entrée et de sortie de la bande laminée (6), de la résistance du matériau et de la combinaison de diamètres des cylindres de travail (1, 2) en vigueur.
  5. Cage de laminage (10, 11) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que pour chaque cylindre de travail (1, 2) ainsi que pour chacun de leurs côtés, on peut régler des forces de flexion différentes des cylindres de travail, en fonction de leur position déplacée.
  6. Cage de laminage (10, 11) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisée en ce que seul le cylindre de travail (1) plus mince est soutenu par un cylindre d'appui (3).
  7. Cage de laminage (10, 11) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que le cylindre de travail plus mince (1) est raccordé à un dispositif d'entraínement auxiliaire pouvant être déconnecté et/ou découplé.
  8. Cage de laminage (10, 11) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce que les cylindres de travail (1, 2) sont fabriqués en des matériaux différents en ce qui concerne leur comportement d'usure et/ou en des matériaux hautement résistants à l'usure selon un procédé par métallurgie des poudres, par exemple selon le procédé HIP.
EP02702282A 2001-01-23 2002-01-18 Cage de laminoir pour la production de feuillards lamines plans presentant un surhaussement de profil de feuillard desire Expired - Lifetime EP1365869B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10102821A DE10102821A1 (de) 2001-01-23 2001-01-23 Walzwerk zur Herstellung planer Walzbänder mit gewünschter Bandprofilüberhöhung
DE10102821 2001-01-23
PCT/EP2002/000479 WO2002058860A1 (fr) 2001-01-23 2002-01-18 Cage de laminoir pour la production de feuillards lamines plans presentant un surhaussement de profil de feuillard desire

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1365869A1 EP1365869A1 (fr) 2003-12-03
EP1365869B1 true EP1365869B1 (fr) 2004-10-06

Family

ID=7671414

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02702282A Expired - Lifetime EP1365869B1 (fr) 2001-01-23 2002-01-18 Cage de laminoir pour la production de feuillards lamines plans presentant un surhaussement de profil de feuillard desire

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US7251978B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1365869B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2004516945A (fr)
KR (1) KR100819834B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN1262363C (fr)
AT (1) ATE278483T1 (fr)
BR (1) BR0206092B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2431775C (fr)
CZ (1) CZ298565B6 (fr)
DE (2) DE10102821A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2229089T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2280518C2 (fr)
TR (1) TR200402692T4 (fr)
UA (1) UA75385C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002058860A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA200303885B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009037278A1 (de) 2009-08-12 2011-02-17 Sms Siemag Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dünnen Warmbandes
DE102014108823A1 (de) 2014-06-24 2015-12-24 Steinhoff Gmbh & Cie. Ohg Walze und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Walze zum Warm- oder Kaltwalzen von Metallflachprodukten
EP3141335A1 (fr) 2015-09-08 2017-03-15 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un composant présentant une section centrale en acier

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT501739B1 (de) * 2005-06-06 2006-11-15 Heinz Ing Altendorfer Walzkraft-einleitung in 4-walzengerüsten
EP2026916B1 (fr) 2006-06-14 2012-08-01 Siemens VAI Metals Technologies GmbH Cage de laminoir pour la fabrication de bande laminée ou de tôle
JP5365020B2 (ja) 2008-02-08 2013-12-11 株式会社Ｉｈｉ 圧延機
DE102008009902A1 (de) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-27 Sms Demag Ag Walzvorrichtung, insbesondere Schubwalzengerüst
DE102009021414A1 (de) * 2008-12-17 2010-07-01 Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Walzgerüst zum Walzen eines insbesondere metallischen Guts
DE102010014867A1 (de) * 2009-04-17 2010-11-18 Sms Siemag Ag Verfahren zum Bereitstellen mindestens einer Arbeitswalze zum Walzen eines Walzguts
DE102009033135A1 (de) * 2009-07-15 2011-01-27 Elringklinger Ag Verfahren zum Herstellen von Profildichtringen
KR101274503B1 (ko) * 2011-03-28 2013-06-13 강릉원주대학교산학협력단 비대칭 압연장치, 비대칭 압연방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 압연재
KR101316724B1 (ko) * 2011-09-16 2013-10-18 강릉원주대학교산학협력단 비대칭 압연장치, 비대칭 압연방법 및 이를 이용하여 제조된 압연재
CN106391700B (zh) * 2016-08-31 2018-02-09 燕山大学 一种下驱动式y型四辊板带轧机
CN108405631A (zh) * 2018-03-02 2018-08-17 南京航空航天大学 一种调控超厚铝板非对称内剪切热轧过程弯曲程度的方法
DE102018212074A1 (de) 2018-07-19 2020-01-23 Sms Group Gmbh Verfahren zum Ermitteln von Stellgrößen für aktive Profil- und Planheitsstellglieder für ein Walzgerüst und von Profil- und Mittenplanheitswerten für warmgewalztes Metallband
CN113118212B (zh) * 2021-04-16 2023-04-11 上海五星铜业股份有限公司 一种能够防止翘曲的宽幅箔材轧机及轧制方法

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US2139872A (en) * 1933-08-07 1938-12-13 Worthington Warren Sheet metal and procedure for producing the same
US3648496A (en) * 1969-06-16 1972-03-14 Marotta Valve Corp Apparatus for controlling rolling mill
JPS517635B2 (fr) * 1971-12-10 1976-03-09
JPS5366849A (en) * 1976-11-26 1978-06-14 Hitachi Ltd Rolling machine
DE2815777A1 (de) * 1977-04-28 1978-11-02 Stiftelsen Metallurg Forsk Walzwerk
JPS57195523A (en) 1981-05-28 1982-12-01 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Controlling method and apparatus for roll bending in rolling mill
JPS5987911A (ja) * 1982-11-10 1984-05-21 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd ワ−クロ−ルシフト装置
DE3401894A1 (de) * 1984-01-20 1985-07-25 SMS Schloemann-Siemag AG, 4000 Düsseldorf Verfahren zum herstellen von walzband mit hoher bandprofil- und bandplanheitsguete
US4577480A (en) * 1983-06-22 1986-03-25 Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method and apparatus for controlling rolling correction in rolling mill
JPH0618641B2 (ja) * 1985-04-10 1994-03-16 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 圧延装置
DE3620197A1 (de) * 1986-06-16 1987-12-17 Schloemann Siemag Ag Walzwerk zur herstellung eines walzgutes, insbesondere eines walzbandes
DE3712043C2 (de) * 1987-04-09 1995-04-13 Schloemann Siemag Ag Walzgerüst mit axial verschiebbaren Walzen
JP3121471B2 (ja) * 1993-04-22 2000-12-25 株式会社日立製作所 圧延機および圧延方法
JP2933923B1 (ja) 1998-09-08 1999-08-16 川崎重工業株式会社 薄板の熱間圧延機

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102009037278A1 (de) 2009-08-12 2011-02-17 Sms Siemag Ag Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines dünnen Warmbandes
WO2011018217A2 (fr) 2009-08-12 2011-02-17 Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif et procédé de production d'un feuillard à chaud mince
DE102014108823A1 (de) 2014-06-24 2015-12-24 Steinhoff Gmbh & Cie. Ohg Walze und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Walze zum Warm- oder Kaltwalzen von Metallflachprodukten
DE102014108823B4 (de) * 2014-06-24 2016-07-21 Steinhoff Gmbh & Cie. Ohg Walze und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Walze zum Warm- oder Kaltwalzen von Metallflachprodukten
DE102014108823B9 (de) * 2014-06-24 2016-10-06 Steinhoff Gmbh & Cie. Ohg Walze und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Walze zum Warm- oder Kaltwalzen von Metallflachprodukten
EP3141335A1 (fr) 2015-09-08 2017-03-15 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke GmbH Procédé de fabrication d'un composant présentant une section centrale en acier
US11400511B2 (en) 2015-09-08 2022-08-02 Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Specialty Steel Gmbh & Co. Method for producing a component having a core portion which consists of steel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA200303885B (en) 2003-12-18
KR100819834B1 (ko) 2008-04-07
DE10102821A1 (de) 2002-07-25
CZ298565B6 (cs) 2007-11-07
TR200402692T4 (tr) 2004-11-22
CZ20031897A3 (cs) 2004-02-18
US7251978B2 (en) 2007-08-07
ES2229089T3 (es) 2005-04-16
UA75385C2 (en) 2006-04-17
EP1365869A1 (fr) 2003-12-03
ATE278483T1 (de) 2004-10-15
JP2004516945A (ja) 2004-06-10
BR0206092A (pt) 2004-01-06
WO2002058860A1 (fr) 2002-08-01
RU2003125863A (ru) 2005-01-27
KR20030068557A (ko) 2003-08-21
DE50201219D1 (de) 2004-11-11
RU2280518C2 (ru) 2006-07-27
CN1487861A (zh) 2004-04-07
BR0206092B1 (pt) 2010-06-29
CN1262363C (zh) 2006-07-05
US20040040358A1 (en) 2004-03-04
CA2431775A1 (fr) 2002-08-01
CA2431775C (fr) 2010-01-12

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