EP1362621A1 - Sicherheitseinrichtung durch Auffangen der Energie, zusammengesetzt aus Stützen und Netzen zum Stilllegen von bei hoher Geschwindigkeit stürzenden Skifahrern - Google Patents

Sicherheitseinrichtung durch Auffangen der Energie, zusammengesetzt aus Stützen und Netzen zum Stilllegen von bei hoher Geschwindigkeit stürzenden Skifahrern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1362621A1
EP1362621A1 EP02076895A EP02076895A EP1362621A1 EP 1362621 A1 EP1362621 A1 EP 1362621A1 EP 02076895 A EP02076895 A EP 02076895A EP 02076895 A EP02076895 A EP 02076895A EP 1362621 A1 EP1362621 A1 EP 1362621A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
energy absorption
mast
masts
deformation
absorption device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP02076895A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Denis Jean-Marie Frapier
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Adic Promotion SA
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Adic Promotion SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Adic Promotion SA filed Critical Adic Promotion SA
Priority to EP02076895A priority Critical patent/EP1362621A1/de
Publication of EP1362621A1 publication Critical patent/EP1362621A1/de
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C19/00—Design or layout of playing courts, rinks, bowling greens or areas for water-skiing; Covers therefor
    • A63C19/10—Ice-skating or roller-skating rinks; Slopes or trails for skiing, ski-jumping or tobogganing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B71/00—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00
    • A63B71/02—Games or sports accessories not covered in groups A63B1/00 - A63B69/00 for large-room or outdoor sporting games
    • A63B71/022—Backstops, cages, enclosures or the like, e.g. for spectator protection, for arresting balls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to safety devices, consisting in particular of masts, cables, ropes and nets, devices intended to absorb the kinetic energy that depicts a skier falling at high speed and stopping him under conditions of satisfactory security.
  • ski competitions in particular ski competitions "Descent" have had to deplore over the past thirty years, a number not negligible accidents, some of them fatal; the victims were the runners to whom it happened to fall at high speed and, losing control of their trajectory, to strike obstacles violently on the edge of the runway or at a short distance from these edges.
  • the device object of this patent originates from the observation that, to be in able to satisfactorily absorb the energy represented by a 90-kilo skier at 130 km / h, the deceleration or braking distance, that which begins with the point at which the skier touches the net, on the one hand, and which ends at the point at which this skier happened after being stopped by the device, should be increased to around 9 meters; taking into account an inclination of the plane of the net with respect to the horizontal of 60 °, a provision which has been justified above, and which allows, (in the most unfavorable absence of sliding component due to an incidence of the skier in the net perpendicular to its length), the decomposition of the energy into a component of penetration and an ascending component, the energy to be absorbed at level of the penetration component is reduced by 25%; she then reaches 44,000 joules; if the reaction force of the device gradually increases as measurement of the skier's penetration into this device to reach a value of 9 meters 1000 daN; the energy absorbed is
  • the problem is that of finding a technical means that allows to associate with the elongation of the textile part of the device (insufficient given the objective set) deformation of the metal parts and contribution of energy absorption capacity of these metal parts so that deformation of the metal parts and elongation of the textile parts together make it possible to provide the absorption capacity of energy and the deceleration distance required to stop the skier in satisfactory conditions, any increase in this distance resulting in a reduction corresponding to the braking forces put into action therefore applied to the skier.
  • the device which is the subject of the present invention makes it possible to solve the problem posed; he is consisting of one or more masts, nets, ropes and possibly cable; it turns characterized in that the braking length of approximately 9 meters, for its part which is not not provided by the net and the ropes, comes, not from the reduction of the deflection of the shrouds, as was the case for the device described above, but from the deformation of the masts themselves, which have one or more points, joints for example, allowing the deformation of the geometry of the masts, points dependent and associated with absorbent devices, in the event of deformation of the geometry of the masts, of energy, the so-called deformation of their geometry providing a extension which complements that provided by the net and the ropes.
  • the system thus characterized comprises a series of masts arranged along the track, at places considered by runway safety officials to be susceptible to be dangerous for skiers; "mast” means a rigid element, relatively narrow section and relatively large length; this word is synonymous with "Post”, “pylon”, “support”, etc.
  • the mast can come in multiple forms and be manufactured with several types of metals (steel, stainless steel, aluminum, etc.) or materials (plastic, wood, etc.)
  • the distance between the masts is indifferent, it being specified, however, that the supporting element of the net between the masts, steel cable or rope, and the members associated therewith must be all the more resistant as two masts are more distant from each other;
  • the operating principle of the device implies that the masts are interconnected by a carrier element of the net, the latter being either directly attached to the carrier element, either indirectly, for example by means of a muffling line of the type of that set up within the framework of the “old model devices”, that is to say of a synthetic fiber rope having preferably, but not necessarily, very good elongation and breaking strength characteristics under load, therefore having a significant energy absorption capacity; the way this rope is attached to the carrying cable or cord is of little importance; however we will favor a "zig-zag" passage of this rope in pulleys placed at the top of the net and on the
  • the characteristic of the present invention is essentially, that it is the deformation of the geometry of the masts (or pylons) which "completes” by exerting a force, increasing or constant, at as the geometry of the mast (s) changes, the energy absorption provided by the net and the textile parts, ropes for example, which are associated therewith.
  • the characteristic of the present invention resides in the fact that it is the deformation of the masts themselves, associated with ancillary absorption devices of energy, which masts can only deform by absorbing energy by these ancillary devices, which completes the energy absorption capacity of the part "Textile", net and ropes; of course, we can also involve, as was the case in the “old model” devices, the deformation of arrows of metallic cables or not, deformation which will contribute to the overall absorption energy.
  • a first embodiment is thus described, as shown diagrammatically on the Figures N ° 2 and 3, of an energy absorption device to stop skiers in satisfactory safety conditions: masts, tiltable, are placed 10 meters from the edge of the ski slope; the bottom of the net will be along the edge of the track, the bottom of the masts being 10 meters beyond, off the track, for example at tree level; the distance between the masts is determined by the profile along the track; this profile generally includes slope breaks, certain lengths of runway occurring for example with a slope of 70% over a length of 45 meters, followed by a length from 80 meters to 50%, from a length of 20 meters to 25% etc.
  • the masts are installed from so that, on the one hand, the device comprises the minimum of masts and, on the other hand, (the rope or cable which connects two masts presenting an arrow all the more important as the distance between masts is greater), than the distance between the top of the layer of snow and the point of the cable (or rope) where the arrow is maximum, more important than the height of the net and the supporting ropes associated with it.
  • the masts of the first device described consist of three elements, a low element (mast base), an intermediate element and a high element (mast head).
  • the mast foot (a) is embedded or anchored in a concrete block (b), the dimensions of which have been calculated to ensure that this block is perfectly stable despite the various forces that will be exerted at the head of the mast .
  • the mast base consists, for example, of a tubular element 300 mm in diameter and it is 3 meters high; it has at this height of 3 meters an articulation; in its simplest form, this joint ( Figure 3) will consist of a square flat iron 350 x 350 mm and 20 mm thick (x); it is welded to the top of the 300 mm diameter tubular part (y) and closes off the upper part of this tubular part; two rectangular flat irons (z) of 300 x 600 mm and 20 mm thick are welded, perpendicular to that of 350 x 350 x 20 mm, by one on their side by 300 mm and at 180 mm one of the 'other, so as to form, with the latter, a U whose internal dimensions are, therefore, 600 x 180 x 600 mm; the two wings of the U, each 300 x 600 mm, will be drilled 500mm from their lower end to allow the passage of an axis, 30 mm for example; the mast foot can be guyed from fixing points welded to the
  • the intermediate part of the mast ( Figure 2), also in this example, has a shape tubular; it consists of a tube 168 mm in diameter and 6.3 mm thick (vs) ; its length is 12.5 meters; a drill hole, 2.50 meters from one end, that which will constitute the lower end of the intermediate part of the mast, is produced transversely, in the direction of the diameter of the tube; the intermediate part is then fixed at the top of the mast base, using a 29mm axle for example, which passes through the holes made in the U-shaped part and in the intermediate part of the mast; therefore, this intermediate part of the mast can tilt around this axis.
  • the articulation thus formed can be reinforced in an appropriate manner at the level of its two elements, the U-shaped part and the tubular intermediate part; for example, if the drilling in this tubular part could weaken the mast at this point, we can reinforce the mast by welding steel reinforcement plates to the tube near the hole.
  • This example of an energy absorption device connected to the bottom of the intermediate part of the mast can be replaced by any other type of device provided that this device has the necessary energy absorption capacity and provides an elongation allowing the tilting of the mast until this mast, in its intermediate part, is the horizontal; it can be a compressible spring or a spring working, a hydraulic or compressed air device, or even an electrical device, etc.
  • the “head” of the mast in the example described, is constituted by the extension, at its upper end, of the intermediate part (c), by means of an element (e), which can also be tubular, about 2 meters in length; this "head” forms with the part intermediate, an angle of about 110 °, in any case, an angle sufficient for the tension exercised on the top of the mast when a skier "enters” the net, does so with a angle wide enough for the result of the force applied to the top of the mast causes the tilting thereof; we understand that a force acting in parallel and along a straight mast would only compress this mast and not flex.
  • Figure N ° 2 shows that, in the case of a track whose transverse profile is horizontal, when the intermediate part of the mast makes an angle of about 25 ° with the vertical, the distance between the upper end of the masthead and the ground is approximately 14 meters; this distance allows to place between the masthead and the ground, a net of 9 meters in height, associated with ropes representing a height of 5 meters for maintaining the minimum useful tension, high and low, to obtain, with the ropes maintaining the longitudinal tension, a flat surface thread; assuming exercises the maximum of the constraints resulting from the penetration of a skier in the device, those corresponding to an energy of 56,000 joules, the characteristics of additional energy absorption devices having been determined accordingly, obtains, before breaking, an elongation of the thread of 22% and its useful length will be therefore increased to 11 meters; as for the ropes, they will have been chosen for have an elongation of at least 30% at break and their useful length may therefore reach 6.5 meters; the total elongation of the textile part of the device will bring its length at 11
  • the mast When the mast has been tilted towards the inside of the runway, and when the means used to absorb energy consists of a material which restores the energy stored as soon as that the forces which had contributed to modify its geometry cease to be exerted on the device, the mast will raise itself; this is so, for example if the device includes a spring, compressed or subject to extension; raising the mast would then likely to send the skier more or less brutally on the track; for to overcome this drawback, the lower end of the mast, when it tips over into a circular movement from bottom to top, following an arc of circle whose length is proportional to the tilt and the diameter, in the example, of 2.50 meters, this end of the mast passes along a rack also in the shape of an arc of circle; this sawtooth rack having a slope of 30 ° for example in the direction from the bottom up and a right angle in the other direction, pushes a ratchet to inside the mast; the accessory spring with which this pawl is fitted results in the blocking, by the rack, of the mast in
  • Figure No. 4 schematically represents a mast which is positioned vertically when the energy absorption device is not stressed; this vertical position is obtained, for example, because the "foot” consists of two parts parallel to each other; the bottom of the intermediate part passes between these two parts of the "foot”; there is no third part called “head” as in the previous example; as for the mast in Figure 2, there is an additional energy absorption device associated with the bottom of the tilting part of the mast.
  • the textile part of the device placed between the top of the mast and the anchor point of this textile part at the front of the mast and 10 meters from it is 17 meters long and the angle formed by the plane of the net with the horizontal is about 50 °; it has been explained above that, during the penetration of a skier into the device, the penetration component gradually increases and the ascension component decreases; in the case of the device described here, the penetration force causes the mast to tilt towards the inside of the track, which obviously increases this penetration component and therefore prevents the skier from escaping towards the top of the net; it will be noted that, when the mast has tilted until it is in a horizontal position, the penetration of the skier into the device will have been carried out to a depth of 8.50 meters; this is very close to the maximum desired penetration and it is obtained without involving the elongation (and the work) of the textile part of the device; in other words, by appropriately adjusting the force of the additional energy absorption device associated with the tilting movement of the mast, the total work to be provided will be adequately distributed between the
  • the position of the mast relative to the vertical, verticality or inclination towards the front or even towards the rear conditions the length of the textile part placed between the head of the mast and the ground; we adjust, according to their respective energy absorption curve (the generally used net lengthens by 2% under a load of 400 daN, by 6% under 10N, by 11% under 20 Kn and 22% under 30Kn ), the part of this energy whose absorption will be carried out by the metal part and the part which will be carried out by the textile part of the device; positions f1, f2, etc.
  • FIG. 5 shows the mast of an energy absorption device corresponding to the characteristic of those which are the subject of this patent, in that these devices include one or more masts deformable at one or more points of their geometry, points associated with additional energy absorption devices.
  • the mast here described comprises a foot (a) comparable to that of the masts previously described and the additional energy absorption device being associated with the tilting of the mast is of the same type as that of the mast which is the subject of the figure. 2; on the other hand, the mast of FIG.
  • the intermediate part of this mast is 10.50 meters long, a length which is not in itself characteristic of the present invention, but was adopted for the example which is given here, and it continues by a "head" which extends the intermediate part by about 3.50 meters in the same direction: the "head” is of an outside diameter which is identical to the inside diameter of the intermediate part and this "head” constituting a part sliding can enter inside the intermediate part; a device, spring, oil or compressed air, opposes a force (which can be adjusted) to this penetration; the two deformations, that by inclination and that by reduction of the length of the "head", and consequently reduction of the length of the mast, combine to ensure a sufficient length of deceleration.
  • the deformation points of the masts were described above as allowing a modification of the geometry of the mast in a plane A, plane in which the mast itself fits and its projection on the ground or snow, or even, determined plane by the mast and the shortest line joining the foot of the mast to the edge of the runway; although the foot of the mast may, in some cases, not be placed vertically but, for example, on the bisector of the angle formed, on the one hand by the vertical and, on the other hand, by the perpendicular to the track plan (in figure 5, abc determines the track plan, db the vertical, eb the perpendicular to the track plane and fb the mast position) we will consider the plane A as almost vertical.
  • the mast can be deformed, also and simultaneously, in a transverse plane B more or less perpendicular to the plane A; this is so if the intermediate part of the mast is allowed to rotate on an axis which is the perpendicular axis of the foot of the mast; in the case of FIG. 2, for example, and in its simplest embodiment, the plate "x", instead of being welded to the tubular leg "y", is welded to a tubular part whose outside diameter is very slightly less than the inside diameter of the "foot” which allows rotation of the intermediate part of the mast relative to the "foot” of this mast; one can also set up, between the "foot” and the intermediate part of the mast, a joint in three dimensions, joint associated with an annex energy absorption device.
  • FIG. 6 The advantage of the deformation in the transverse plane which results therefrom is explained by FIG. 6: not stressed by energy, an energy absorption device for stopping skiers can appear according to this FIG. 6 and include 6 spaced masts each about 25 meters apart; this spacing (which does not need to be regular and which can be more or less large) and the tension existing "at rest" in the device, condition an arrow in the cable or cord joining a mast to the other; this arrow is equal to the square of the distance between the two masts concerned, square multiplied by the unit load per linear meter and divided by 8 times the tension; therefore, any increase in tension causes a decrease in the deflection and an inclination of the mast towards the point of impact; FIG.
  • This type of device can be used in other sports when necessary stop an athlete who has lost control of his speed.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
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EP02076895A 2002-05-15 2002-05-15 Sicherheitseinrichtung durch Auffangen der Energie, zusammengesetzt aus Stützen und Netzen zum Stilllegen von bei hoher Geschwindigkeit stürzenden Skifahrern Withdrawn EP1362621A1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02076895A EP1362621A1 (de) 2002-05-15 2002-05-15 Sicherheitseinrichtung durch Auffangen der Energie, zusammengesetzt aus Stützen und Netzen zum Stilllegen von bei hoher Geschwindigkeit stürzenden Skifahrern

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02076895A EP1362621A1 (de) 2002-05-15 2002-05-15 Sicherheitseinrichtung durch Auffangen der Energie, zusammengesetzt aus Stützen und Netzen zum Stilllegen von bei hoher Geschwindigkeit stürzenden Skifahrern

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EP1362621A1 true EP1362621A1 (de) 2003-11-19

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Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3948351A (en) * 1974-03-20 1976-04-06 Wiba Ag Catching device for a free-falling body
DE3135902A1 (de) * 1981-09-10 1983-03-31 Gerd Dieter 7326 Heiningen Maibach Sicherheitseinrichtung fuer bobbahnen
FR2564002A1 (fr) * 1984-05-11 1985-11-15 Wiedermann Anton Dispositif de protection de pistes, en particulier de pistes de ski
DE4010209A1 (de) * 1990-03-30 1991-10-02 Baumeister & Ostler Gmbh Co Sicherheitsnetz
AT400815B (de) * 1993-12-22 1996-03-25 Berger Johann Schutzeinrichtung, vorzugsweise zur schipistenbegrenzung bzw. -sicherung
US5961099A (en) * 1998-01-23 1999-10-05 Brugg Cable Products, Inc. Safety net system for debris and mud slides
DE19822162A1 (de) * 1998-05-16 1999-11-25 Brecht Thomas Großflächen-Sprungnetz-Rettungssystem mit variabel, progressiver Energieabsorption
EP1092456A2 (de) * 1999-10-15 2001-04-18 Christian Steinbach Einrichtung zur Begrenzung von Pisten

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3948351A (en) * 1974-03-20 1976-04-06 Wiba Ag Catching device for a free-falling body
DE3135902A1 (de) * 1981-09-10 1983-03-31 Gerd Dieter 7326 Heiningen Maibach Sicherheitseinrichtung fuer bobbahnen
FR2564002A1 (fr) * 1984-05-11 1985-11-15 Wiedermann Anton Dispositif de protection de pistes, en particulier de pistes de ski
DE4010209A1 (de) * 1990-03-30 1991-10-02 Baumeister & Ostler Gmbh Co Sicherheitsnetz
AT400815B (de) * 1993-12-22 1996-03-25 Berger Johann Schutzeinrichtung, vorzugsweise zur schipistenbegrenzung bzw. -sicherung
US5961099A (en) * 1998-01-23 1999-10-05 Brugg Cable Products, Inc. Safety net system for debris and mud slides
DE19822162A1 (de) * 1998-05-16 1999-11-25 Brecht Thomas Großflächen-Sprungnetz-Rettungssystem mit variabel, progressiver Energieabsorption
EP1092456A2 (de) * 1999-10-15 2001-04-18 Christian Steinbach Einrichtung zur Begrenzung von Pisten

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