EP1336800A1 - Procédé de réduction des oscillations induites par la combustion dans les dispositifs de combustion ainsi que brûleur à prémélange pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de réduction des oscillations induites par la combustion dans les dispositifs de combustion ainsi que brûleur à prémélange pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1336800A1
EP1336800A1 EP03405031A EP03405031A EP1336800A1 EP 1336800 A1 EP1336800 A1 EP 1336800A1 EP 03405031 A EP03405031 A EP 03405031A EP 03405031 A EP03405031 A EP 03405031A EP 1336800 A1 EP1336800 A1 EP 1336800A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
lance
fuel
flow
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03405031A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1336800B1 (fr
Inventor
Ephraim Gutmark
Christian Oliver Paschereit
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Alstom Technology AG
Alstom Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alstom Technology AG, Alstom Schweiz AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG
Publication of EP1336800A1 publication Critical patent/EP1336800A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1336800B1 publication Critical patent/EP1336800B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C7/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply
    • F23C7/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by arrangements for air supply the air being submitted to a rotary or spinning motion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/74—Preventing flame lift-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2210/00—Noise abatement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for reducing combustion-driven Vibrations in combustion systems, especially those with low acoustic damping, as used in combustion chambers of turbo engines are often found, as well as a premix burner for performing the process.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations often occur in the combustion chambers, which arise at the burner as fluid-mechanical instability waves and lead to flow vortices that strongly influence the entire combustion process and lead to undesired periodic heat releases within the combustion chamber. This results in pressure fluctuations of high amplitude, which can lead to undesired effects, such as a high mechanical load on the combustion chamber housing, an increased NO x emission due to inhomogeneous combustion or even an extinguishing of the flame within the combustion chamber.
  • Thermoacoustic vibrations are based, at least in part, on flow instabilities the burner flow, which is expressed in coherent flow structures, and that affect the mixing processes between air and fuel.
  • thermoacoustic vibrations to counteract, for example with the help of a cooling air film that over the combustion chamber walls is passed, or by an acoustic coupling so-called Helmholtz dampers in the area of the combustion chamber or in the area of the cooling air supply.
  • thermoacoustic vibration amplitudes is associated with the disadvantage that the injection of fuel at the head stage is accompanied by an increase in the emission of NO x .
  • thermoacoustic vibrations have shown that flow instabilities often lead to these instabilities.
  • Shear layers that initiate waves perpendicular to the direction of flow Kervin-Helmholtz-waves.
  • These instabilities on shear layers in combination with the ongoing combustion process are primarily responsible for those of reaction rate fluctuations triggered thermoacoustic oscillations.
  • This largely coherent waves lead to a burner of the aforementioned type typical operating conditions to vibrate with frequencies in the area around 100 Hz. Since this frequency with typical fundamental eigenmodes of many Ring burners in gas turbine systems collapse, constitute the thermoacoustic Oscillations are a problem.
  • Premixed flames need low speed zones to stabilize to become.
  • Backflow zones which either serve to stabilize the flame by the trail behind sturgeon bodies or by aerodynamic methods (vortex breakdown).
  • the stability of the backflow zone is another criterion for the stability of the combustion and the avoidance of thermoacoustic Instabilities.
  • the invention has for its object a method for reducing combustion-driven thermoacoustic vibrations in combustion systems, in particular to provide those with low acoustic attenuation, the formation of coherent flow instabilities at the burner outlet largely prevented, as well as a premix burner to carry out the process create, which can be created with little equipment.
  • the object is achieved by a method and a premix burner of the type mentioned in the independent claims.
  • the flow-technical stabilization of the backflow zone takes place according to the invention by providing the central fuel nozzle in the form of a burner lance, such as it is usually used for pilot gas supply, the burner lance one Length, which is at least one third of the side of the burner head axial burner length protrudes into the burner downstream.
  • the burner lance is 60 - 80% of the axial length of the burner and is arranged in the center of the burner axis.
  • the fuel is advantageously discharged through at least one at the end of the lance attached fuel nozzle opening such that the in the interior the fuel discharged from the burner is mixed with the supply air and is swirled at the same time. This is done in particular by the wake at the end of the lance further stabilization of the aerodynamically generated backflow zone.
  • Position inside and out of the burner periodically The flame forming within the backflow zone runs into the Burner prevented. Due to the proximity of the fuel discharge to itself within The backflow zone forming the combustion chamber can be the same vortex breakdown due to the swirling fuel / air mixture that spreads in the direction of flow are supported, creating the backflow zone and associated with it the flame can be stabilized decisively.
  • lance shapes can influence the formation of coherent structures.
  • a number of preferred lance configurations will be presented in the following. These configurations have in common that the development of coherent structures is additionally inhibited by fanning out the vortex movement.
  • the lance is equipped with means which allow two fluid media to be supplied independently of one another. Such a design allows additional air to be introduced into the interior of the burner in addition to fuel injection. The combustion chamber vibrations can thus also be counteracted by a known modulated supply of this additional air.
  • the measure according to the invention bears one arranged along the jacket partial fuel injection via the inserted into the interior central fuel lance to stabilize itself within the backflow zone forming flame.
  • a premix burner 1 is shown in longitudinal section in FIG. 1, as is shown in its basic structure, for example, from EP 0 321 809.
  • the premix burner 1 consists of two half-shell-shaped, conically widening partial bodies 1a and 1b which are arranged such that they are axially parallel and offset from one another in such a way that they form tangential gaps in two overlapping regions lying opposite one another in mirror image.
  • the gaps resulting from the displacement of the longitudinal axes of the partial bodies 1a and 1b serve as inlet channels through which the combustion air 7 flows tangentially into the burner interior 2 during burner operation.
  • Inlet channels there are injection openings through which a preferably gaseous fuel 8 is injected into the combustion air 7 flowing past.
  • this aforementioned type of burner in a central arrangement in the starting area of the burner interior 2 has a nozzle for introducing further, preferably liquid, fuel.
  • combustion air 7 and fuel 8 cross the burner interior 2 with intensive mixing.
  • the swirl flow 6 breaks down with the formation of a return flow zone 5 with a stabilizing effect with respect to the flame front acting there.
  • Further details of the structure and mode of operation of this burner 1 can be found in the aforementioned EP document and other information sources known to the person skilled in the art.
  • a burner lance 3 projects into the burner interior 2 parallel to the burner axis.
  • the lance 3, which has a length I, which is preferably in the range of approximately 2/3 of the axial extent of the burner 1, has a centrally arranged one Fuel channel 31, which ends downstream at the lance end in a fuel nozzle 32.
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram that shows the effect of the invention trained burner lance 3 on the suppression of instabilities in The form of pressure oscillation in the 120 Hz range is illustrated.
  • the pulsations that come in Pressure values (Pa) along the ordinate in Figure 2 are a function the position of the lance end in the burner 1.
  • the ratio I / L is plotted, i.e. the ratio of the length of the burner lance 3 to total axial extension L of the burner.
  • the different functional curves shown in the diagram correspond to the following measurement conditions, as can be seen from the legend in FIG. 2:
  • the continuous, horizontally drawn line corresponds to the base line, according to which burner systems known per se oscillate under specified operating conditions without the provision of the lance designed according to the invention.
  • the functional sequence interspersed with squares reflects the vibration behavior of a burner in premix mode, in which only the central burner lance is provided, but through which no fuel is introduced into the burner.
  • the line interspersed with the filled diamonds represents the operation using a burner lance 3 designed according to the invention, in which 2 kg of fuel discharge per hour was selected as fuel addition by the burner lance 3.
  • the dotted line interspersed with triangles shows a case using the burner lance 3 designed according to the invention, as it were the line interspersed with the diamonds, but with a fuel addition of 5 kg per hour.
  • FIGS. 5-8 show different interfering body geometries according to which the lance end is to be designed. Depending on the interfering body geometries shown in these figures, the characteristic curves shown in FIG. 3 can be obtained to show the mode of action of the suppression of instabilities.
  • the diagram shown in FIG. 3 is comparable to that in FIG. 2.
  • the conical burner lance has been shown to be of all the fault geometries examined (Fig. 7) as particularly suitable for suppressing instabilities (see here the dashed line interspersed with upside down triangles in Fig. 3).
  • FIG. 4 shows the evaluation of the individual interference geometries in relation to the nitrogen oxide emission shown. This proves that with a variety of fuel outlet openings penetrated burner lance as particularly advantageous, which in FIG is shown.
  • the interference geometry shown in Figure 5 as well as that in the following figures The geometries shown can be used, for example, as screw attachments formed a thread that are screwed into the burner head and in particular can be easily replaced for test purposes.
  • the burner lance 3 shown in FIG. 5 is equipped with a large number of fuel outlet openings 9 passing laterally through the jacket. Axial fanning out of the fuel injection ensures homogeneous mixing of the fuel and combustion air.
  • the injection is preferably carried out in the region of the second lance half, as seen in the direction of flow.
  • FIG. 6 shows a star-shaped lance end geometry
  • FIG. 7 shows a conical lance end geometry, the fuel being discharged from the lance 3 through axially aligned outlet openings 12, 32, as it were the lance geometry in FIG. 8, which shows a burner lance to which a plate 13 is attached ,
  • the disturbance geometries as described above with reference to FIG. 3, are capable of the premix flow decisively influence.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
EP03405031.0A 2002-02-13 2003-01-24 Procédé de réduction des oscillations induites par la combustion dans les dispositifs de combustion ainsi que brûleur à prémélange pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé Expired - Lifetime EP1336800B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10205839A DE10205839B4 (de) 2002-02-13 2002-02-13 Vormischbrenner zur Verminderung verbrennungsgetriebener Schwingungen in Verbrennungssystemen
DE10205839 2002-02-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1336800A1 true EP1336800A1 (fr) 2003-08-20
EP1336800B1 EP1336800B1 (fr) 2013-11-27

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Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US6918256B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1336800B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2003240242A (fr)
DE (1) DE10205839B4 (fr)

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EP1645802A2 (fr) * 2004-10-11 2006-04-12 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Brûleur à prémélange
CN108019776A (zh) * 2016-11-04 2018-05-11 通用电气公司 中心体喷射器微型混合器燃料喷嘴组件

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EP1645802A2 (fr) * 2004-10-11 2006-04-12 ALSTOM Technology Ltd Brûleur à prémélange
EP1645802A3 (fr) * 2004-10-11 2013-05-08 Alstom Technology Ltd Brûleur à prémélange
CN108019776A (zh) * 2016-11-04 2018-05-11 通用电气公司 中心体喷射器微型混合器燃料喷嘴组件
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EP1336800B1 (fr) 2013-11-27
DE10205839B4 (de) 2011-08-11
US20030150217A1 (en) 2003-08-14
DE10205839A1 (de) 2003-08-14
US6918256B2 (en) 2005-07-19

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