EP1316774B1 - Geschosse hoher Penetrations- und Lateralwirkung mit integrierter Zerlegungseinrichtung - Google Patents

Geschosse hoher Penetrations- und Lateralwirkung mit integrierter Zerlegungseinrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1316774B1
EP1316774B1 EP01127470A EP01127470A EP1316774B1 EP 1316774 B1 EP1316774 B1 EP 1316774B1 EP 01127470 A EP01127470 A EP 01127470A EP 01127470 A EP01127470 A EP 01127470A EP 1316774 B1 EP1316774 B1 EP 1316774B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
active
alp
anyone
effective body
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01127470A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1316774A1 (de
Inventor
Gerd Kellner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Waffe Munition GmbH
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Futurtec AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to DE50109825T priority Critical patent/DE50109825D1/de
Application filed by Futurtec AG filed Critical Futurtec AG
Priority to DK01127470T priority patent/DK1316774T3/da
Priority to ES01127470T priority patent/ES2264958T3/es
Priority to EP01127470A priority patent/EP1316774B1/de
Priority to SI200130595T priority patent/SI1316774T1/sl
Priority to AT01127470T priority patent/ATE326681T1/de
Priority to KR1020047007981A priority patent/KR100990443B1/ko
Priority to IL16191602A priority patent/IL161916A0/xx
Priority to AU2002356703A priority patent/AU2002356703B2/en
Priority to PCT/EP2002/013082 priority patent/WO2003046470A1/de
Priority to CA2468487A priority patent/CA2468487C/en
Priority to PL370477A priority patent/PL200470B1/pl
Priority to CNB028237838A priority patent/CN100402969C/zh
Priority to EA200400732A priority patent/EA006030B1/ru
Priority to US10/305,512 priority patent/US7231876B2/en
Publication of EP1316774A1 publication Critical patent/EP1316774A1/de
Priority to HK03108670A priority patent/HK1056388A1/xx
Priority to IL161916A priority patent/IL161916A/en
Priority to ZA2004/03569A priority patent/ZA200403569B/en
Priority to NO20042408A priority patent/NO328165B1/no
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1316774B1 publication Critical patent/EP1316774B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B15/00—Self-propelled projectiles or missiles, e.g. rockets; Guided missiles
    • F42B15/36—Means for interconnecting rocket-motor and body section; Multi-stage connectors; Disconnecting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/367—Projectiles fragmenting upon impact without the use of explosives, the fragments creating a wounding or lethal effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/201—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class
    • F42B12/204—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by target class for attacking structures, e.g. specific buildings or fortifications, ships or vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/20—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type
    • F42B12/208—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of high-explosive type characterised by a plurality of charges within a single high explosive warhead

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an inert highly active active penetrator, an active projectile, an active missile or an active multi-purpose projectile with a structurally adjustable ratio between breakdown power and lateral effect.
  • the overall end ballistic effect from the penetration depth and surface occupancy / surface loading is triggered in the active case by means of a device (device) which can be triggered independently of the position of the active body. This is achieved by means of a suitable inert transmission medium, such as e.g.
  • PELE penetrators are disclosed for example in DE 197 00 349 C1.
  • This functional unit combines the KE depth effect with a fragmentation or sub-floor generation in such a favorable manner that, in a whole series of applications, this ammunition concept alone is sufficient to fulfill the tasks set.
  • the key limitation of this principle is that interaction with the target is necessary to trigger the lateral effects, as this is the only way to build up a corresponding internal pressure that can laterally accelerate or disassemble the bullet-shaped bullet shell.
  • the invention does not intend to use pyrotechnic powders or explosives as solely enmeshing or splinter accelerating elements.
  • Such projectiles are known in various embodiments with and without ignition device (cf., for example, DE 29 19 807 C2).
  • DE 197 00 349 C1 already names this possibility, for example in conjunction with an expansion medium as a single component.
  • US-A-4,970,960 which essentially comprises a bullet core and a mandrel formed thereon and connected therewith, with the mandrel formed, the inner mandrel being disposed in a bore of the bullet core.
  • It may consist of a pyrophoric material, for example of zirconium, titanium or their alloys. Also this floor is not active. Likewise, it contains no bulking medium.
  • an armor-piercing projectile is known, by means of which a fire-generating effect is to be achieved inside the target, wherein the projectile formed largely as a solid body cylindrical metal body arranged thereon tip and arranged in the cavity of the metal body fire sentence includes, which is formed for example as a cylindrical solid body or as a hollow cylindrical sleeve.
  • the outer shape remains unchanged during penetration, inside the adiabatic compression is to be created with explosive combustion of the fire sentence.
  • no active components are included and no means are provided to achieve dynamic expansion of the metal body acting as a penetrator and its lateral decomposition or fragmentation.
  • EP-A-0 718 590 which forms the basis for the preamble of claim 1, discloses an active body having a plurality of active bodies embedded in a support matrix, an explosive extending over the entire length of the active bodies as a pressure-generating device with lateral action and a triggering device for triggering the explosive.
  • the explosive extends over the entire length of the active body and adjacent to a thin wall to limit the space for the explosive directly to the active body.
  • the US-A-5,243,916 describes a pure explosive projectile, which is constructed from two components in cross section with different pyrotechnic properties.
  • the shell can be made of steel or preferably tungsten heavy metal (WS). From the intended decomposition at given target parameters then results in the range of suitable expansion media. Depending on the selected combination, expansion pressures are generated at impact speeds of a few 100 m / s, which ensure reliable disassembly of the projectile or warhead.
  • Technical or material-specific aids such as the design or the partial weakening of the surface or the choice of brittle materials as a shell material are basically not a prerequisite, but extend the scope and the range of applications in these so-called PELE penetrators.
  • the present invention provides a further developed active active body with the features of claim 1.
  • the active body comprises an active body shell, a pressure generating device with one or more pressure generating elements and an activatable triggering device for triggering the pressure generating device.
  • an inert pressure-transmitting medium is furthermore arranged as a component of the active body which is separate from the pressure-generating device and to which the pressure-generating device adjoins or into which it is introduced.
  • the ratio of the pyrotechnic mass of the pressure-generating device to the mass of the inert pressure transmission medium is at most 0.5, and the pressure transmission medium is wholly or partly made of a material selected from the group of light metals or their alloys, plastically deformable metals or their alloys, thermoset or thermoplastics, organic substances, liquid media, elastomeric materials, vitreous or powdered materials, compacts of vitreous or powdered materials, and mixtures or combinations thereof.
  • the ratio of the mass of the pressure-generating unit to the total mass of the pressure-transmitting medium and the active body shell is particularly preferably ⁇ 0.01, although even smaller values can be selected.
  • the present invention relates to an active projectile or an active body, wherein the end ballistic depth effect is combined with an either programmed and / or determined by the target to be controlled sub-basement and / or fragmentation.
  • the entire spectrum of action is swept in different ways in a previously unknown manner such that a technically universal conceived penetrator by changing individual Geschos parameter the intended effects or target occupancies achieved in the best possible way that the invention determining concept largely independent of the type of projectile or the missile with respect to its stabilization (eg spin or aerodynamically stabilized, folding tail, shape stabilization or otherwise spent as in the target), with respect to the caliber (full caliber, sub caliber) and with respect to the movement or acceleration (eg cannon accelerated, rocket accelerated) designed as a projectile / warhead or integrated into such.
  • the arrangement according to the invention (projectile or missile) also basically requires no airspeed to trigger their function. An airspeed, however, determines the end-ballistic performance in the direction of flight. It is
  • the universal possibilities of the arrangement according to the invention are expressed by the fact that it can act without changing the basic principle on the one hand to an arrow bullet highest penetration power with additional over the entire length or in partial areas fragmentation or sub-floors forming facilities on the other Page mainly to a filled with a (eg pyrotechnic) active element projectile container, which in turn can deliver over the entire length or only in sub-areas sub-floors or splinters. And this basically on the trajectory, at target approach, when striking, at the beginning of the penetration, during the target passage, or only after penetration.
  • the penetrator according to the invention (projectile or missile) has, in addition to its active properties, a structurally adjustable ratio between breakdown power and lateral action.
  • the principle inert mode of action is thereby initiated by means of a position-specific device or device which can be triggered independently of the position of the active body in order to trigger or support the lateral effectiveness (or the lateral effect effects). This is achieved by means of a suitable inert transmission medium such as e.g.
  • FIG. 1A and 1B show such active lateral active penetrators ALP (Active Lateral Acting Penetrator), Fig. 1A in a shorter (eg spin stabilized) and Fig. 1B in a longer (eg aerodynamically stabilized) construction with an outer ballistic hood or tip 10.
  • ALP Active Lateral Acting Penetrator
  • Fig. 1A in a shorter (eg spin stabilized)
  • Fig. 1B in a longer (eg aerodynamically stabilized) construction with an outer ballistic hood or tip 10.
  • This body 26 partially or completely closed, encloses an inner part 3A, 3B, which in the region of a desired active lateral action is filled with a suitable transfer medium 4, which generates the pressure on the enveloping body 2A generated by means of a controllable pyrotechnic device 5 2B transmits and thus causes a decomposition into fragments / sub-projectiles with a lateral movement components.
  • the acoustic resistance of the adjacent media (density ⁇ ⁇ longitudinal sound velocity c) is important. For this determines the degree of reflection and thus the energy that can be communicated by the inert medium 4 of the surrounding shell 2A, 2B. This relationship is explained for example in the ISL report ST 16/68 by G. Weihrauch and H. Müller “Investigations with new armor materials”.
  • the inert medium 4 is usually a substance capable of dynamically transferring compressive forces without major losses of attenuation. However, cases are also conceivable in which damping properties are desired, such as for certain cutting specifications or for achieving particularly low cutting speeds.
  • the inner medium can furthermore be made variable over its length or in its material properties (eg different speeds of sound) and thus produce different lateral effects. It is also conceivable, via different damping properties of the pressure-transmitting medium 4 axially different decompositions of the casings 2A, 2B cause. Furthermore, this can Medium 4 also have other, for example, effect-enhancing or effect-supporting properties. In the inert medium 4 introduced / cast elements or the interior 3A, 3B limiting inner shells or structures (eg introduced sub-projectiles) prevent neither the system inert inherent PELE- nor its ALP properties.
  • the active pyrotechnic unit 5 may consist of a single, in relation to the size of the active body small, electrically ignitable detonator 6, which is connected to a simple touch detector, a timer, a programmable module, a receiving part and a fuse component as activatable triggering device 7.
  • This activatable triggering device 7 can be arranged in the tip region and / or rear region of the penetrator and connected by means of a line 8.
  • the tip 10 may be hollow or solid. Thus, it can serve, for example, as a housing for additional devices such as, for example, sensors or triggering or safety elements of the active pyrotechnic unit 5. It is also conceivable that power assisting elements are integrated in the tip (see, for example, Figures 43A to 43D).
  • a rigid tail 12 is indicated. This may also contain additional equipment as listed above in the central area. It is also conceivable in principle that the active body contains an electronic component in the sense of data processing (so-called “on-board systems").
  • the present invention is therefore not an explosive projectile or an explosive device or an explosive / fragmentary projectile of conventional design and also not a projectile with an igniter of conventional design with the necessary and very complex (primary / secondary explosive separating) safety devices. It is also not a projectile, which basically has a PELE structure according to DE 197 00 349 C1. However, it can be very advantageous, and in most applications, this is also compatible with the ALP specifications, if, for example, in a combination of effects or to ensure a lateral effect even in the inert case in intended and particularly advantageous applications, the properties of a passive Lateralentetrators integrated PELE type are integrated.
  • the tip represents a parameter which is essential for the efficiency of a projectile.
  • this aspect is dealt with in more detail.
  • the projectile tip is assigned positive (supporting) functions rather than negative ones, such as, for example, properties that hinder the intrusion or the triggering of a function.
  • positive examples i.a. called tip as construction space, absprengbare tip, tip as an upstream penetrator.
  • the operating principle according to the present invention is also suitable for targeted bullet separation / spatial limitation of the effective distance, for example, when missing a target or in the interpretation of practice bullets.
  • compacted or pressed materials can be used advantageously as a shell material, since they either undergo a fine distribution upon pressurization or decompose into end ballistically practically ineffective particles.
  • multiple splitter planes may be dispensed on the flight, as illustrated in FIG. 9B, or a particular portion may be blasted just prior to impingement, as exemplified in FIG. 9C.
  • the ALP principle is therefore particularly suitable for projectiles / warheads with self-decomposition facilities.
  • a reliable self-decomposition can be achieved with relatively little effort or with a very small additive volume use or volume loss.
  • Shells of this type are also particularly suitable for combating oncoming threats, such as warheads or TBMs (Tactical Ballistic Missiles) or combat or reconnaissance drones.
  • TBMs Torque Ballistic Missiles
  • the latter is becoming increasingly important on the battlefield. They are difficult to combat with direct hits. Even conventional fragmentation bullets are not very efficient due to the encounter situation with drones and splinter distribution.
  • the operation of the present invention in combination with a corresponding trip unit promises a very effective use here.
  • a projectile design according to the proposed invention is also particularly suitable for use in accelerators accelerated by means of rockets (booster) or as an active component of rocket-like missiles. These can be used, for example, in addition to the classic field of application of large-caliber guns in the fight against naval targets and as surface missiles of fighter aircraft.
  • FIGS. 2-9 and 12-41 show a plurality of exemplary embodiments. These have the task not only to explain the possibilities of the active principle according to the present invention, but also to give the skilled person a variety of technical solutions in the design of active lateral acting penetrators.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B Examples of the positions of auxiliary devices of the active part are shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
  • the aerodynamically stabilized version shown in FIG. 2A is divided into two separate modules to explain that, in particular with longer penetrators or comparable effect carriers, such as e.g. Rocket accelerated penetrators, also a subdivision of the active components or a mixture with other functional carriers is possible, as also indicated in Figs. 48A and 48B.
  • Preferred positions here are the tip region 11A, the front region of the first active lateral effective projectile module 11B, the rear region of the active lateral effective projectile module 11E, the front 11F, middle 11C and the rear region 11D of the second active lateral effective projectile module or the central region between the modules 11G.
  • the positions of the auxiliaries will preferably be in the tip area 11A, the front floor area 11B or the rear area 11E.
  • a receiving unit may also be arranged in the space 11H between the ALP and the outer shell.
  • the remaining part of the tip may be hollow or filled (say, with one active ingredient).
  • the active part of the gap to the outer skin can also be used for additional functional support or as a construction space for additional equipment.
  • FIGS. 3A to 3D show the particular recorded for comparison purposes wing wire 13A.
  • 3B shows a conical structure 13B
  • FIG. 3C shows a star-bearing 13D
  • FIG. 3D shows a mixture of wing and conical structure 13D.
  • Kegel wire units conceivable as well as tail surfaces formed from ring surfaces or other stabilizing devices.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4K fundamental positions and structures of the pressure-generating element or of the pressure-generating elements of active lateral effective penetrators are compiled.
  • Figs. 4A and 4B show such pyrotechnic devices in a compact design (see embodiments in Figs. 6A, 6B and 6D) in the front central area or in the rear floor area or rear area, and Fig. 4C and 4D in the near-toe or in the top section.
  • Fig. 4E a slender pressure generating element extends approximately over the front half of the penetrator, in Fig. 4F over the entire penetrator length.
  • the arrangement of FIG. 4C corresponds to the simulation example in FIG. 43A / B
  • the arrangement of FIG. 4E corresponds to the simulation example in FIG. 44A / B.
  • FIG. 4G illustrates the case where multiple pressure generating elements reside in a penetrator / projectile / warhead, as is the case with the illustrations of FIG. 9.
  • Fig. 4H there are two different pressure generating elements in a one-piece ALP (see numerical simulations in Figs. 46A to 46D).
  • FIGS. 4I to 4K represent two-part ALP projectiles.
  • Figure 41 shows a two part ALP with an active part in the rear element / module, while in Figure 4J there are compact pressure generating elements in both projectile parts. These can be controlled separately or individually.
  • Fig. 4K shows mixed pressure generating elements (a compact pressure generating unit in the tip and a slender unit in the rear) for achieving certain separations, which are usually determined by the type of target to be countered and the intended effect.
  • the number of active modules to be connected in series is basically not restricted and is determined solely by structural factors such as the available overall length, the application scenario primarily given splinter or sub-floor levy and the type of projectile or warhead.
  • explosive modules will predominantly be used as pressure-generating elements.
  • other pressure-generating devices are conceivable.
  • a chemical pressure generation by an airbag gas generator should be mentioned here.
  • the combination of a pyrotechnic module with a pressure or volume generating element is conceivable.
  • connection / connection of various pressure-generating elements in a single projectile are shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
  • This connection 44 can be made, for example, by means of a signal line / transfer charge / ignition line / fuse or wirelessly with or without a time delay.
  • a signal line / transfer charge / ignition line / fuse or wirelessly with or without a time delay.
  • only a few representative options are shown here, the combination options are virtually unlimited.
  • FIGS. 4A to 4K examples of the arrangement of pressure-generating elements in the case of active, laterally effective penetrators are shown in FIGS. 4A to 4K, then the combination possibilities are expanded accordingly by the examples of pressure-generating elements shown in FIGS. 6A to 6E. For reasons of clarity, the pressure-generating elements are shown in an enlarged representation in comparison to their execution.
  • Figure 6A shows four examples of compact, locally concentrated elements (also detonators), for example a spherical part 6K, a short cylindrical part 6A of the order of length L to diameter D of L / D ⁇ 1; Part 6G shows another example of a short truncated cone, and part 6M shows a sharp, slender cone.
  • a short pressure generating element 6B with L / D approximately between 2 and 3 and a thin pressure generating element 6C are shown as examples. This can be, for example, a detonating cord or a detonator-like detonator (L / D greater than 5).
  • FIG. 6C a disk-shaped element 6F is shown in FIG. 6C.
  • example 6P a disk-shaped element 6F is shown in FIG. 6C.
  • exemplary embodiments are shown for the case that by means of a suitable design of the pyrotechnic elements, especially in the front part of a penetrator or in the tip region, the parts surrounding it should be given a primarily radial velocity component. This preferably takes place via a conical design of the tip of the pressure-generating elements 6H, 60, 6N or via a rounding 6Q.
  • Fig. 6E shows the connection of a short, highly lateral-acting cylinder 6A with a slender, long element 6C through a transition part 6I.
  • Fig. 7 shows examples of hollow pressure generating / pyrotechnic components. These may be ring-like elements 6D or hollow cylinders. These can be open (6E) or partially closed (6L).
  • FIGS. 8A and 8B Another design possibility of active lateral effective projectiles or warheads over the accelerating components is shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B.
  • a cross-section 142 is sketched as an example of four off-center pressure-generating elements 25A in the pressure-transmitting medium 4 (for example in an embodiment corresponding to Fig. 6C) connected via a conduit 28.
  • *** Such a possibility can be seen in conjunction with FIGS. 15, 16B, 18, 19, 29, 30A to 30D and also 31 and 33, respectively.
  • Fig. 8B is shown as a cross section 143, an example of a central pressure-generating module 26, which via the lines 27 with over the cross section in the pressure transmission medium 4 positioned further pressure-generating elements 25 B is connected.
  • Fig. 9A shows the reference scale 17A, not drawn to scale (enlarged). It should be constructed in the cylindrical part of three in a first approximation identically designed active modules 20A, 19A and 18A (see Fig. 4G), which are triggered in different positions to the three selected target examples 14, 15, 16.
  • FIG. 9B shows the case in which the projectile 17A is activated in a nearer region in front of the target (in this case about 5 projectile lengths) in such a way that the three stages 18A, 19A and 20A successively disassemble one after the other.
  • the residual penetrator 17B after disassembly of the module 18A thus still consists of the two active modules 20A and 19A, the front module 18A has disassembled into a splinter ring 18B.
  • the splitter ring 18B expanded to the ring 18C and the module 19A has already formed the splinter or basement ring 19B.
  • the right partial image represents the time at which the ring 18D has formed from the splitter ring 18C by further lateral propagation, the splitter ring 19C from the splitter ring 19B of the second stage 19A, and the splitter or sub-floor from the stage 20A of the remaining projectile 17C. Ring 20B.
  • the splitter densities decrease in accordance with the geometric conditions.
  • this example illustrates the high lateral performance of such active lateral active penetrators according to the present invention. From the technical details set out so far, it can also be easily deduced that, for example, a much larger area can still be applied via the triggering distance or by a corresponding design of the accelerating elements. In addition, for example, the decomposition can be set up in such a way that a desired residual penetration performance of at least the central fragments still remains ensured.
  • constructed penetrators are therefore particularly suitable for relatively light target structures such as aircraft, unarmoured or armored helicopters, unarmored or armored ships and lighter targets / vehicles in general, especially extended ground targets.
  • Fig. 9C shows a second representative example of a controlled bullet decomposition.
  • the projectile 17A is activated only in the vicinity of the target, which is to consist of a thin frontal armor 15A and a thicker main armor 15 here.
  • the front active part 18A of the projectile 17A has already formed the splinter or basement ring 18B; which expands further in the course of the ring 18C, which loads the pre-panel 15A over a large area.
  • the residual penetrator 17B impinges on the front armor 15A.
  • it can act as an inert PELE module, knocking the crater 21A into the main body 15, consuming the second part 19A.
  • the remaining projectile module 20A can now pass through the hole 21A formed by the penetrator part 19A and displace the crater 21B on the target inside, either inertly or actively. Larger crater splinters are also formed and accelerated into the interior of the target.
  • the projectile 17A directly encounters the target 16 which is assumed to be solid in this example.
  • the near-field proximity module 18A is to be actively configured (e.g., tip contact initiation) to form a relatively larger crater 22A than the example of Figure 9C.
  • the subsequent module 19A can fly through into the target interior.
  • the third module 20A was activated upon impact or via a delay element and thus forms a very large crater diameter 22B and provides corresponding residual effects (effects after breakdown).
  • a total penetration capacity (overall target plate thickness) can result which can be compared to the penetration power of more compact or even massive penetrators in homogeneous or quasi-homogeneous targets.
  • homogeneous target plates can be expected in laterally effective penetrators with a relatively high penetration rate, since punching in the area of the crater craters favors or is initiated earlier.
  • FIG. 10 shows ten partial images of a numerical 2D simulation of the pressure propagation in a slender pressure generating element (explosive cylinder) 6C in a penetrator structure according to FIG. 1B (partial image 1) - cf. FIG. Figs. 4F and 44A / B.
  • the detonation front 265 passes through the explosive cylinder (detonation cord) 6C and spreads in the liquid 4 as a pressure build-up wave (pressure propagation front) 266 (partial images 2 to 5).
  • the angle of the pressure propagation front 266 is determined by the speed of sound in the pressure transmission medium 4.
  • the shaft 266 continues to propagate at the speed of sound of the medium 4 (in this case much slower, see partial images 6 and 7).
  • the reflected from the inner wall of the shell 2B shafts 272 can be seen. Due to the waves 272 reflected by the envelope 2B, a rapid pressure equalization takes place (partial images 8 to 9); an advanced pressure equalization 271 can be seen in partial image 10.
  • the shell wall begins to stretch elastically, with sufficient wave energy or pressure build-up, it will expand plastically 274.
  • the dynamic material properties determine the manner of shell deformation, such as the formation of different splinter sizes and sub-floor shapes.
  • the illustrated simulation example with a relatively thin explosive cylinder impressively demonstrates the dynamic structure of a pressure field in the pressure transfer medium for sheath disintegration according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 shows ten partial images of a numerical 2D simulation of the pressure propagation in a structure of the pressure-generating element according to FIG. 4H (partial image 1) - cf.
  • FIG. Figs. 6B, 6E and 45A to 45D This example illustrates the influence of different explosive geometries and their interplay.
  • Partial image 2 shows the detonation front 269 of the explosive cylinder 6B and the pressure wave 266 propagating in the medium 4.
  • the detonation front 265 runs into the very slender explosive cylinder 6C here.
  • the transition 270 of the pressure waves of the short cylinder 267 and the pressure waves of the detonating cord 268 can be seen.
  • the reaction takes place on the side of the detonating cord as described in Fig. 10. Due to the smaller diameter of the explosive cylinder or the detonating cord, the wave pattern is more pronounced and the pressure equalization is temporally stretched.
  • the partial images likewise show that the pressure field formed by the short, thicker explosive cylinder 6B remains localized over the entire period shown, and that only one pressure front 267 runs to the right through the interior. This can of course also be used alone for certain decomposition effects in the right part of the shell with appropriate design. Accordingly, on the outside of the shell 2B a more pronounced bulge 275 takes place, which is already clearly visible at this time. Whether the load is sufficient for rupturing the sleeve can be checked, for example, by means of a 3D simulation (compare FIGS. 45A to 45D).
  • Embodiments according to the present invention are possible both in the lateral and in the axial direction. In the following examples are given for both cases, with advantageous combinations are conceivable.
  • FIG. 12 shows an example of an active, laterally effective projectile 23 with two zones A and B connected in series one behind the other, each with a pyrotechnic element 118, 119, a (eg different) pressure-transmitting medium 4A, 4B and the shells (also of their own) of splitter / sub-projectiles 2C, 2D in a different embodiment, as well as a third zone C.
  • the zone C represents, for example, a tapered sheath 2E with a pyrotechnic element 6G correspondingly designed in the rear area, for example may be surrounded by the pressure transmission medium 4C - or a taper in the transition region to the top of a projectile.
  • the exemplary embodiments set out in FIG. 12 are therefore technically interesting because they show a possibility of designing the stern, which counts usually as the dead mass, or the tip as a splitter module.
  • both the tip length and the conical tail area may well be 2 penetrator diameters / flight diameters, a corresponding part of the projectile will provide efficient power conversion.
  • Fig. 13 represents an embodiment 144 with a cross-section and symmetrical structure, a central explosive cylinder 6C and an inner 4D and an outer pressure transmission medium 4E and a splitter / sub-level generating or dispensing envelope 2A / 2B.
  • the medium 4D may have a delaying effect on the pressure transmission or may also accelerate or even support the pressure effect when selecting suitable materials.
  • the distribution of the area between 4D and 4E can vary the average density of these two components, which can be important in the design of projectiles.
  • Figure 14 shows an example 145 for an eccentrically positioned pressure producing pyrotechnic element 84 (see 3D numerical simulations in Figures 46A to 46C).
  • Fig. 15A shows by way of example an ALP cross-section 30 analogous to Fig. 13 but with an eccentrically positioned pressure generating element 32 (eg explosive cylinder 6C) and an inner (4F) and outer pressure transfer medium 4G and splitter / sub-projectile discharging Case 2A / 2B.
  • the inner component 4F should preferably consist of a good pressure-distributing medium, for example a liquid or PE (see explanations to FIG. Otherwise, with regard to the two components, the facts already explained for FIG. 13 apply.
  • the medium 4G it may also be interesting to achieve targeted asymmetric effects. This can e.g. be achieved in that the massive side of the internal pressure transmission medium 4F acts as a confusion for the pressure-generating element 32 and thus a directional orientation is achieved (see also the comment to Fig. 30B and Fig. 33).
  • Fig. 15B shows a structure 31 similar to Fig. 13, but with a pressure generating unit (e.g., corresponding to Fig. 6C) in the inner pressure transmission medium 4H and pressure generating elements 35 (here e.g., three) in the outer pressure transmission medium 4I, which may be separately driven, for example.
  • a pressure generating unit e.g., corresponding to Fig. 6C
  • pressure generating elements 35 here e.g., three
  • FIG. 16A shows a structure 33 with a central hollow penetrator 137.
  • substances that support the action such as fires or pyrotechnic substances or combustible liquids.
  • the pressure build-up can take place, for example, via an annular pressure generating element 6E.
  • FIG. 16B shows a cross section 29 with four symmetrically positioned pressure generating elements 35 in the pressure transmission medium 4 surrounding a central solid penetrator 34.
  • This penetrator 34 not only achieves high end ballistic depth performances, but is also capable of serving as a reflector for the explosive cylinders 35 positioned on its surface (or near the surface). Further examples emphasize this effect in a particularly vivid manner (cf., for example, FIGS. 18, 19, 30A and 30B).
  • Fig. 17 should be considered as the standard version of an ALP cross-section 120 of the simplest design according to the invention.
  • FIG. 18 shows an ALP structure 36 with a central penetrator 37 with a star-shaped cross-section and four symmetrically arranged pressure-generating elements 35.
  • This star-shaped cross-section is (for example also the square / rectangular cross-section in FIG. 19 and the triangular cross-section in FIG. 30A ) for any cross-sectional shapes.
  • FIG. 19 shows an ALP structure 38 with a central penetrator 39 with a rectangular or square cross-section and four symmetrically distributed pressure-generating elements 35. These elements (eg explosive cylinders) can be wholly or partly embedded in the central penetrator to achieve a more directional effect ( see partial view).
  • elements eg explosive cylinders
  • FIG. 19 shows an ALP structure 38 with a central penetrator 39 with a rectangular or square cross-section and four symmetrically distributed pressure-generating elements 35.
  • These elements eg explosive cylinders
  • FIG. 20 shows an ALP structure 40 corresponding to FIG. 17 with two shell segments 41 and 42 respectively arranged opposite one another as an example for possible circumferentially different material occupancies or also for a geometrical configuration of the shell segments that is different over the circumference.
  • the different segments should be arranged axially symmetric.
  • the pyrotechnic part 6E can enclose a central penetrator or also any other medium, for example a reactive component or a combustible liquid (cf. Fig. 16A).
  • Fig. 22 shows an ALP structure 134 with segmented pressure generators (explosive segments) 43 (see also Fig. 38).
  • FIG. 23 shows an ALP structure 46 with two shell shells concentrically arranged one above the other 47 and 48.
  • This may be, for example, a combination of a ductile and a brittle material or materials otherwise as different properties.
  • Such an embodiment is also illustrative of jacketed penetrators.
  • Such sleeves may be required in some constructions if, for example, a certain dynamic strength, such as at launch, must be ensured or if axially arranged modules on such a guide or support sleeve with each other at least during firing, as far as such functions not of appropriately designed sabot be taken over and connected on the trajectory.
  • FIG. 24 shows an ALP structure 49 with a central explosive cylinder 6C in the pressure transfer medium 4 and an inner shell 2A / 2B in conjunction with a relatively thick outer shell 50.
  • an explosive hollow cylinder corresponding to FIG. 6E of FIG possible.
  • the inner sheath 2A / 2B can here, for example, from heavy metals such as WS, hard metal, a powder compact or even from Steel, the outer jacket 50 also made of heavy metal, steel or cast steel, light metals such as magnesium, duralumin, titanium or even a ceramic or non-metallic material.
  • Lighter and flexural stiffness increasing materials are technically particularly interesting in terms of their use in the outer shell. They can form an optimum transition to drift mirrors and increase the design latitude for limited overall projectile masses (basis weight compensation). That prefabricated further active parts can be introduced, it follows from the explanations in connection with the present invention.
  • FIG. 25 shows a cross section 51 through the example of an ALP structure with an outer contour that is not circular on the flight. It is to be understood that the operation underlying this invention is not bound to particular cross-sectional shapes. Special forms can rather contribute to broadening the scope of design. Thus, it is conceivable that, for example, with the cross-section shown in FIG. 25, four large sub-projectiles are preferably produced. This is of particular advantage if, after the decomposition of the penetrator, a high penetration power of individual penetrators is still to be achieved.
  • Fig. 26 shows an ALP structure 52 having a hexagonal central portion with a pressure generating element 6C, a pressure transfer medium 54 and a splitter ring of preformed sub-projectiles (or splinters) with non-circular cross-section 53, in which again massive penetrators 59 or PELE penetrators 60 or satellite ALPs 45 may be arranged. Also, connections / lines / detonating cords 61 between the central pressure generating element 6C and the peripheral satellite ALPs 45 are conceivable.
  • FIG. 27 shows an ALP structure 55 corresponding to FIG. 26 with an additional sheath or sleeve 56.
  • the subsegments between the hexagonal subprojectiles 53 and the sheath 56 may preferably be one Fill mass 57 to achieve various side effects included.
  • FIG. 28 shows the example of an ALP projectile 58 with four (here circular) penetrators (eg solid 59 or in PELE construction 60) and a central acceleration unit 6C in combination with a pressure transfer medium 4.
  • a filling medium 63 Between the inner components 59 or 60 and the outer shell 62 may be a filling medium 63, which in turn may be designed as an active medium or may also contain such parts or elements.
  • Figure 29 illustrates a variant / combination of previously set forth embodiments (see, e.g., Figures 16B, 18, 19, and 28).
  • the cross-section of the penetrator 64 here consists of three solid homogeneous sub-floors 59, three pressure-generating devices e.g. Corresponding to FIG. 6C, a pressure transmission medium 4 and the sheath / sub-hull-producing or shedding shell 300.
  • this example stands for multi-part central penetrators.
  • FIG. 30A a penetrator variant 66 with a central penetrator 67 with a triangular cross-section is also shown to demonstrate the almost arbitrary freedom of design in connection with the present invention.
  • the pressure-generating devices expediently consist of three explosive cylinders 68. These can be initiated together or separately.
  • the triangular center penetrator 70 filling the entire inner cylinder divides the inner surface into three portions each provided with a pressure-generating member 68 and a pressure-transmitting medium 4. As in the example of Fig. 30A, they may also be driven / initiated together or separately. It is also conceivable that via a separate ignition of the elements 68, a targeted lateral effect can be achieved.
  • a triangular hollow member 286 is disposed in the cylinder interior or pressure transfer medium 4, the interior 287 of which may be additionally filled with a pressure transfer medium or other performance enhancing materials such as reactive components or combustible liquids.
  • a pressure transfer medium or other performance enhancing materials such as reactive components or combustible liquids.
  • FIG. 30D shows an ALP cross-section 288 in which four chambers are formed in the cylinder interior of the surrounding shell 290 by means of a cross-shaped part 289, in each of which a pressure-generating element 68 is located in the pressure-transmitting medium 4 , Again, when igniting only one element 68, an asymmetric sub-floor or splitter distribution will occur.
  • the central penetrator (or central module) 72 having a triangular cross section is itself implemented as ALP.
  • the sheath 301 e.g. Air
  • a liquid or solid substance, a powder or a mixture or mixture 73 are (see comment to Fig. 28), in addition further pressure-generating body 68 as shown in FIG. 30B.
  • the central pressure-generating element 6C and the peripheral pressure-generating elements 68 may also be connected here in order to achieve a coordinated effect. Of course, they can also be activated separately. This makes it possible, for example, to activate the lateral components on target approach and the central ALP at a later time.
  • FIG. 32 shows a penetrator cross section 75 with a pressure generating unit 76 of non-circular cross section.
  • the cross-sectional shape of 76 results in four cut-load-like effects on the circumference. This is particularly advantageous if targeted localized large lateral effects are to be achieved. For example, with metallic pressure transfer media having less dynamic pressure field compensation capability, with such cross-sectional shapes 76, certain intended disassembly of the shell 302 may be achieved.
  • the embodiments shown so far are preferably based on medium- or large-caliber penetrators.
  • rockets or large caliber ammunition eg for firing by howitzers or large-caliber naval guns
  • technically more complex solutions in particular with separated (eg via a radio signal) to be triggered or fixed programmed activations in certain preferred directions are possible.
  • FIG. 33 shows an example of an ALP projectile (warhead) 77 having a plurality of (in this case three) units distributed over the cross-section 79 (cross-sectional segments A, B and C, eg with a dividing wall 81), which also function separately as ALPs (Pressure-generating elements 82 in conjunction with corresponding pressure-transmitting media 80) and separately controlled or with each other by means of a line 140 or via a signal are controlled (are connected).
  • the three segments are either completely separated or have a common shell 78.
  • This shell 78 may be provided, for example, to assist in a desired dissection with notches or slots 83, flutes, or other mechanical or laser-generated or material-specific changes to the surface.
  • the ALP cross-section may also include an eccentrically positioned pressure generating element such as an explosive cylinder 6C and inner and outer pressure transmitting media and a splitter / sub-bullet producing or dispensing sleeve.
  • the inner component should preferably consist of a good pressure-distributing medium, for example a liquid or PE (see Explanatory Notes to FIG. Otherwise, with regard to the two components, the facts already explained for FIG. 13 apply. With appropriate design of the internal medium, it may also be interesting to achieve targeted asymmetric effects. This can be achieved, for example, by the fact that the more massive side of the inner pressure-transmitting medium acts as a containment for the pressure-generating element 32 and thus a directional orientation is achieved (see also the comment to FIGS. 30B and 33).
  • Damming in pyrotechnic devices is in principle of great importance because it significantly influences the propagation of shock waves and thus also the achievable effects. Damming can be done statically by constructive measures or dynamically, i. due to inertia effects of suitable pressure transmission media. In principle, this is also possible with liquid media, but only at very high impact or deformation rates.
  • the dynamic damming is essentially determined by the propagation velocity of the sound waves, which determine the loading speed of the pressure transmission medium. Since with the use of active lateral effective penetrators (projectiles or in particular to missiles) is also expected with relatively low impact speeds, the damming must preferably be done by technical means (for example, closing the rear, partitions).
  • a mixed damming i. Mechanical devices coupled with dynamic containment by rigid pressure transfer media expand the range of applications. A purely dynamic damming should be reserved for very high impact speeds, e.g. in the TBM defense.
  • Fig. 34 shows examples of confinements in the introduction of pressure-generating elements into a penetrator.
  • the tip may be designed as a damming element 93.
  • insulating disks 90 or front 89 and rear end disks 92 at the locations of a desired damming.
  • Such elements can also form the conclusion of hollow cylinders.
  • the mold 6B see Figures 6A to 6E and 7
  • FIG. 35 shows an ALP projectile 84 with a splitter module 85 positioned behind the tip. This serves as a containment for the pressure generating element 6B and for ignition initiation in the pressure generating element (explosive cord) 6C.
  • a splitter or sub-projectile-generating or dispensing envelope 86 with a conical interior 222 is sketched in FIG. 35.
  • Fig. 36 shows another example of a penetrator 87 with a damming module 91 (e.g., for better ignition initiation) with the module 91 surrounding the pressure generating element 6B, which itself merges into a long pressure generating element 88 of conical configuration.
  • a damming module 91 e.g., for better ignition initiation
  • the module 91 surrounding the pressure generating element 6B, which itself merges into a long pressure generating element 88 of conical configuration.
  • conical elements 88 different acceleration forces can be applied over the projectile or penetrator length in a very simple way.
  • a conical jacket for example corresponding to 86, with a conical pressure generating element 88.
  • liquid or quasi-liquid pressure transfer media or materials such as PE, Plexiglas or rubber as a particularly interesting pressure transmission means.
  • a desired pressure distribution or shockwave propagation it is by no means only necessary to rely on the aforementioned types of substance, since comparable effects can be achieved with a large number of other materials (cf the materials already mentioned).
  • liquids in particular offer a large margin for additional effects in the target, they represent an important element in the range of possible functional units. This also applies in particular to the mode of action of an ALP in an inert application, to the patent DE 197 00 349 C1 already was received.
  • FIG. 37 shows an ALP example 94 with a modular internal structure (for example as a container for liquids).
  • the inner module 95 is introduced with the outer diameter 97 and the inner cylinder or the inner wall 96 in the projectile casing 2B (inserted, inserted, screwed, vulcanized, glued).
  • the pressure-generating element 6C can be introduced only when needed.
  • This design is particularly advantageous to apply active arrangements according to the present invention, since the pressure-generating element 6C (drawn here in a continuous form) must extend only over a relatively small radial portion of the penetrator, because the decomposition is on the pressure-transmitting medium 98, for example a liquid, guaranteed.
  • the ALP need only be provided at the time of its expected use with the pyrotechnic module 6C and possibly the pressure-transmitting liquid medium 98 are filled only in the case of use in the inner module 95 - a particular advantage of this invention.
  • this example also stands for the possibility to design projectiles according to the present invention modular. It is quite possible, for example, to replace active lateral-acting modules by inert PELE modules or vice versa.
  • the individual inert or active modules can be firmly connected (positive or non-positive) or detachably arranged by suitable connection systems. This would then allow in a special way an interchangeability of the individual modules and thereby a corresponding combination of combinations.
  • projectiles or missiles would also be easy to adapt to changed usage scenarios at later times or to be re-optimized for combat value enhancement measures.
  • Fig. 38 shows an ALP example 99 with preformed shell splits / shell segments in the longitudinal direction of the shell 102 and a central pressure generating unit 100.
  • Separation 74 between the individual segments 101 may be effected by means of the pressure transfer medium 4 or as a chamber with a particular material (eg for shock absorption and / or for the connection of the elements) to be filled (example: prefabricated jacket as its own, replaceable module) - cf. Drawing.
  • the gaps 74 may also be hollow. This results, for example, in a highly variable dynamic load on the envelope 102 over the circumference.
  • the change in the width of the divider 74 and the thickness of the envelope 102 or by a corresponding choice of material makes it possible to vary this effect.
  • An interesting application variant is the result of the use of many industrial manufactured ball or roller bearing cages. Of course, such modules can be arranged in multiple stages in order to achieve a larger number of sub-floors.
  • FIG. 38 It is an ALP projectile 170 with a shell of prefabricated splinters or sub-projectiles 171, which are surrounded by an outer jacket (ring / sleeve) 172. On the inside, the bodies 171 are held by either an inner shell / sleeve 173 or a sufficiently strong pressure transfer medium 4.
  • the component 171 now gives, especially in large-caliber ammunition or in warheads or rocket-propelled projectiles, an exceptionally large scope in terms of the inserted active body.
  • these can be designed as slim cylinders of very different materials.
  • they can themselves be designed as ALP 176 (part drawing A), for example with a connection to the central pressure-generating element 6A / 6B / 6C and / or with interconnections or in a combination of assemblies for producing a directional splitter / Sub-floor levy be designed.
  • the sub-floors 171 may be formed as PELE penetrators 179 (part drawing B).
  • these elements 171 can represent, for example, tubes 174 filled with cylinders of different lengths or materials, with balls or other prefabricated bodies or liquids (part drawing C).
  • FIGS. 40A to 40D provide explanations on the example of a three-part projectile with a front, a middle and a rear zone.
  • the active lateral active component 6B is located in the top of the projectile (tip ALP) 103, the auxiliaries 155 in the rear zone.
  • the connection 152 can take place by means of signal lines, radio or by means of pyrotechnic devices (eg explosive cord).
  • the active part 6C is provided with integrated peaking auxiliaries 155 in the middle zone of the projectile (mid-segment ALP) 104.
  • the active part 6B is located at the rear of the projectile (rear ALP) 105, the auxiliaries 155 are distributed at the top and rear, and connected to the active part 6B through signal lines 152.
  • FIG. 40D shows as an example an ALP projectile 106 with a tandem ALP arrangement.
  • the responsible for both active parts auxiliary device 155 is housed here in the central area.
  • the two active modules 6B of the tandem arrangement can also be controlled or triggered separately.
  • a logical link is also conceivable, for example via delay elements 139.
  • the auxiliary devices 155 can also be arranged in a remote / off-axis manner.
  • a modular projectile or penetrator is either a technically predetermined or a dynamically effected projectile separation / separation of the modules.
  • the dynamic separation / separating can take place on the flight, before the impact, at the time of impact or during the target passage.
  • the rear modules can also be activated only inside the destination.
  • FIG. 41 shows an example of a projectile separation or a dynamic separation into individual functional modules.
  • the tail can be blasted off by means of a rear separating charge 251.
  • the charge 251 also serves to build up pressure in an active module 253 designed inertly as a PELE penetrator.
  • a tail blasting can take place with further laterally generated lateral effects. This results in an optimum use of the bullet mass in this part, since the rear is usually considered as dead mass.
  • the second element for a dynamic separation is the front separation charge 254. This may be sufficient in addition to the separation for generating pressure.
  • the tip can be blasted and disassembled at the same time.
  • both active parts are separated by means of an inert buffer zone or a solid element or a projectile core or / or a splitter part 252.
  • the buffer member 252 may be provided with a snap-off washer 255 to the front active part (or rear part) or itself through an annular pressure generating element 6D achieve lateral effect.
  • an auxiliary tip 250 may also be provided on the rear projectile part, which protrudes into the buffer element 252.
  • a projectile tip (auxiliary tip) is shown in Figs. 42A to 42F.
  • Fig. 42A shows a tip 256 with an integrated PELE module consisting of the end ballistic sleeve material 257 in conjunction with a bulge medium 258.
  • the tip is still provided with a small cavity 259 which is favorable to the function of the PELE Module, especially at oblique impact.
  • FIG. 42B shows an active tip module 260, comprising the splitter jacket 261 in conjunction with the pyrotechnic element 263 according to FIG. 6E and a pressure transmission medium 262. It may well be useful here to fuse the tip envelope 264 with the splitter jacket 261. An even simpler construction results in a waiver of the Duckübertragungsmedium 262. When activated, the splinters in the direction of the arrows drawn form a wreath, which not only achieves a corresponding lateral effect, but also for more inclined targets can expect a better impact behavior.
  • FIG. 42C shows a tip embodiment 295 in which a pressure generating element according to FIG. 6B projects partially into the solid tip and into the projectile body and is held / blocked by the sleeve 296.
  • the tip 295 forms its own module, which is used for example only when needed.
  • FIG. 42D A similar arrangement is depicted in FIG. 42D, where the tip 297 is either hollow or filled with a beneficial agent 298 providing additional effects.
  • the element 291 corresponds to the element 296 in FIG. 42C.
  • FIG. 42E shows a tip assembly 148 in which a cavity 150 is disposed between the hollow tip 149 and the projectile body interior and the pressure transfer medium 4, respectively.
  • this cavity 150 can flow in the impact target material and thereby achieve a better lateral effect.
  • a tip assembly 153 is shown in which the pressure transmitting medium 156 protrudes into the cavity 259 of the tip sheath 149.
  • this arrangement can achieve a similar effect as the arrangement of Fig. 42B and cause a rapid initiation of the lateral acceleration process.
  • the dimension is basically irrelevant. This only goes into the number of necessary grid points and requires a corresponding computer capacity.
  • the examples were simulated with a shell or penetrator outside diameter of 30 to 80 mm.
  • the degree of slimming (length / diameter ratio L / D) is usually 6. This size too is of secondary importance, since in the calculations not quantitative, but mainly qualitative statements should be obtained.
  • the wall thicknesses chosen were 5 mm (thin wall thickness) and 10 mm (thick wall thickness). This wall thickness is primarily decisive for the projectile mass and is determined in cannon-fired ammunition primarily by the performance of the weapon, ie the achievable muzzle velocity at a given bullet mass. For missiles or rocket-accelerated penetrators, the design latitude is also significantly greater in this regard.
  • tungsten heavy metal As a material for the fragment / sub-shell-generating casing, tungsten heavy metal (WS) of medium strength (600 N / mm 2 to 1000 N / mm 2 tensile strength) and corresponding elongation (3 to 10%). Since the deformation criteria underlying this invention are always met to ensure a desired decomposition and you do not rely on a particular brittle behavior, not only can be used on a very large range of materials, but the margin within a family of materials is also very large and is in principle only determined by the loads at launch or other requirements on the part of the projectile construction.
  • an inner cylinder of high density up to, for example, homogeneous heavy or hard metal or pressed heavy metal powder
  • a pressure-generating medium and thus as pressure-transmitting medium an outer sheath of lower density (eg prefabricated structures, hardened steel or Light metal) and to accelerate radially.
  • any desired casing construction including prefabricated sub-projectiles, can be reliably radially accelerated. It is not subject to the limitations of a spontaneous decomposition with the limited possibilities for a desired splitter / sub-floor speed, but it can very small lateral velocities in the order of some 10 m / s up to high splitter speeds (over 1,000 m / s) without special technical effort can be realized. Calculations and experiments have shown that the required pyrotechnic mass is basically very small, so that the use is determined primarily by additive elements and desired effects. Thus, it can be assumed that in Penetrator masses in Range of 10 to 20 kg minimum explosive masses of the order of 10 g are sufficient. For smaller penetrator masses, this minimum explosive mass is correspondingly lowered to values of 1 to 10 g.
  • FIGS. 43A to 45D three-dimensional numerical simulations of relatively simple structures are shown in FIGS. 43A to 45D in order to physically / mathematically prove the above-explained technical explanations and listed examples in fundamental points.
  • the gas produced by the detonation and the pressure-transmitting means are often only made visible if they do not cover the deformation process to be observed.
  • Fig. 43A shows a simple ALP Wirk inconvenience 107, designed as at the front by means of a WS cover 110A completed hollow cylinder (60 mm outer diameter, wall thickness 5 mm, WS high ductility) with the shell 2B (see Fig. 1B) and a compact acceleration / pressure generating unit 6B with an explosive mass of only 5 g.
  • a liquid medium 124 here water was assumed (structure according to FIG. 4A).
  • Fig. 43B shows the dynamic decomposition 150 microseconds ( ⁇ s) after the ignition of the explosive charge 6B.
  • six large shell splinters 111 and a series of smaller fragments form. Also clearly visible is the deformed, accelerated in the axial direction lid 110B.
  • accelerated liquid pressure transfer medium 124 exits (exit length 113).
  • the pressure transfer medium 158 is located on the inside of the sheath splitter, a part 159 has leaked.
  • cracks 112 beginning at this point in time and already formed longitudinal cracks 114 indicate that even with this very small explosive mass, the ductile shell selected is completely disassembled.
  • this deformation pattern documents the proper functioning of such a construction according to the invention.
  • Fig. 44A shows a similar penetrator as Fig. 43A.
  • the dimensions of the ALP 108 remained unchanged, only the pressure generating element was modified. It is now a thin explosive cylinder 6C (a detonating cord) corresponding to Fig. 4F.
  • Fig. 44B shows the dynamic deformation of the ALP 108 already 100 ⁇ s after the ignition of the charge 6C. The corresponding pressure propagation and pressure distribution has already been explained in FIG.
  • the selected structure 109 of FIG. 45A corresponds to that of the 2D simulation in FIG. 11, consisting of a WS shell 2B (with 60 mm outer diameter) with a one-sided front damming 110A in the area of the thicker explosive cylinder 6B.
  • the pressure transmitting medium surrounds the pressure generating elements 6B / 6C.
  • Fig. 45B shows the dynamic envelope expansion in a liquid (water) 124 as a pressure transmission medium 150 ⁇ s after ignition of the pressure generating charge 6B.
  • the accelerated shell segment 115, the rupturing shell segment 116 and the reaction gases 146 are clearly visible.
  • the liquid medium 124 is slight, i. has been accelerated with the exit length 113.
  • the incipient cracking 123 has already progressed to half of the entire shell length
  • Plexiglas was used as the pressure transfer medium 121.
  • the dynamic expansion 125 of the sheath 2B and incipient cracking 126 is slightly less than 150 ⁇ s after ignition than in the example according to FIG. 45B.
  • the exit of the medium 121 to the rear is very low.
  • Fig. 46A shows an ALP 128 with eccentrically positioned pressure generating element 35 in the form of a slender explosive cylinder.
  • a comparison of liquid (water) 124 and aluminum 122 was carried out as a pressure-transmitting medium.
  • FIG. 46B shows the dynamic decomposition of this arrangement according to FIG. 46A with the liquid 124 as transmission medium 150 ⁇ s after ignition. There is no significant difference in the distribution of the sheath splinters 129 and no seriously different splitter velocities on the circumference.
  • FIG. 46C shows the dynamic decomposition of the arrangement according to FIG. 46A with aluminum 122 as transmission medium 150 ⁇ s after ignition.
  • the original geometry also stands out in the decomposition image.
  • the sheath splitter 130 on the adjoining side of the pressure generating element 35 has been greatly accelerated and the sheath is highly fragmented on this side, while the lower side facing away from the charge 35 still forms a shell 131.
  • only incipient tears (cracks) 132 can be seen on the inside.
  • Fig. 47A shows an ALP 135 with a central penetrator 34 of WS of the quality already quoted for the WS envelope and with an eccentrically positioned pressure generating element 35.
  • the simulated deformation image shows 150 ⁇ s after ignition in Fig. 47B, this is notwithstanding the selected liquid 124 as pressure transfer medium a significant difference in the splitter or sub-floor distribution over the circumference.
  • the sheath splits 136 are more accelerated on the side of the pressure-generating element 35. Forwards, the accelerated liquid medium 159 can be seen in part.
  • FIGS. 2A, 2B, 4B, 4C, 4H, 6E, 12 and 40A to 40C The simulation examples shown so far inter alia link the individual components already shown in FIGS. 2A, 2B, 4B, 4C, 4H, 6E, 12 and 40A to 40C to a swirl or aerodynamically stabilized ammunition concept, which in particular is always associated with the present invention again referred to basic ammunition modules simultaneously: tip, active lateral effective module, PELE component (if not combined with the active part) and massive or homogeneous component.
  • FIGS. 48A to 48C Such constructions are shown by way of example in the following FIGS. 48A to 48C.
  • 48A is a three-part, modular, spin-stabilized penetrator 277, consisting of a tip module 278, a passive (PELE) or bulk module 279, and an active module 280.
  • the auxiliaries may be in the part surrounding the active modules 282, in the top module 278 or in the rear area (or, as already described, be distributed).
  • the active module 280 is advantageous to be completed at the rear with a Dämmular 147.
  • a four-part modular aerodynamically stabilized projectile 283 is exemplified. It consists of a tip module 278, an active module 280 with a Dämmarchitecture 147 against the example hollow or insufficiently damming tip, a PELE module 281 and a subsequent homogeneous rear part 284.
  • the main bullet, Penetrator- or warhead parts listed which can occur in more complex structure active bodies. It goes without saying that one will strive to design a simple version depending on the application. It is certainly of great advantage that several modules can take on double or multiple functions.
  • FIG. 48C shows a projectile 276 in which a cylindrical 247 or piston-like part 249 is located in the active part downstream of the disk-shaped pressure-generating charge 6F.
  • the cylinder 247 can also be provided with one or more holes 248 for pressure equalization or for pressure transmission (see detail drawing Fig. 48D).
  • the piston-like part 249 may have, for example, a conical or conical shape 185 on the side of the pressure-transmitting medium 4 (see detail drawing FIG. 48D) in order to accelerate the medium 4 more intensely laterally in the region of this cone during the introduction of pressure.
  • Such pistons for compressing or pressurizing a medium are described, for example, in the patent EP 0 146 745 A1 (local FIG. 1).
  • the piston 249 In contrast to the mechanical acceleration provided there via the impinging ballistic hood and optionally (with oblique impingement) intervening aids and the resulting question of a proper axial movement initiation of a pressurization by means of a pyrotechnic module, the piston 249 always accelerated axially. In addition, it may still be surrounded by the medium 4 (ie not the entire inner cylinder fill out). As a result, the resulting pressure on the resulting annular gap 184 between outer shell 2B and piston 249 can propagate into the medium 4.
  • FIG. 49A shows the original penetrator shell 180 (WS, diameter 25 mm, wall thickness 5 mm, length 125 mm) and part of the fragments 181 found.
  • FIG. 49B shows a double exposed x-ray flash photograph, approximately 500 ⁇ s after initiation of the firing pulse, with the uniformly accelerated splitter 182.
  • FIG. 49B shows a double exposed x-ray flash photograph, approximately 500 ⁇ s after initiation of the firing pulse, with the uniformly accelerated splitter 182.
  • Water was used as the pressure transfer medium.
  • a detonator-type (diameter 5 mm) was simply used in the liquid detonator with 4 g of explosive mass.
  • the values for these ratios will be smaller for larger projectile configurations or larger for smaller projectiles.
  • an inert penetrator with a very low pyrotechnic mass of the pressuriser relative to the overall mass is from about 0.5 to 0.6 percent of the total inert mass of the penetrator, with appropriate casing bullet and appropriate inert pressure transmission media filled interior can disassemble laterally over the triggered by an ignition signal pressure pulse of a detonator.
  • the ALP principle also works for all conceivable and ballistically meaningful values.
  • the length / diameter ratio (L / D) may range between 0.5 (disk) and 50 (very slender penetrator).
  • the invention results in a diverse design of an active, laterally effective penetrator ALP (projectile or missile) with integrated cutting device, which ultimately means that for all conceivable application scenarios only a Geunterkal the design of the invention is required (universal floor).
  • ALP projectile or missile

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  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
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EP01127470A 2001-11-28 2001-11-28 Geschosse hoher Penetrations- und Lateralwirkung mit integrierter Zerlegungseinrichtung Expired - Lifetime EP1316774B1 (de)

Priority Applications (19)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK01127470T DK1316774T3 (da) 2001-11-28 2001-11-28 Projektiler med höj penetrations- og lateralvirkning med integreret sönderdelingsindretning
ES01127470T ES2264958T3 (es) 2001-11-28 2001-11-28 Proyectiles con elevado efecto de penetracion y lateral con dispositivo de disgregacion integrado.
EP01127470A EP1316774B1 (de) 2001-11-28 2001-11-28 Geschosse hoher Penetrations- und Lateralwirkung mit integrierter Zerlegungseinrichtung
SI200130595T SI1316774T1 (sl) 2001-11-28 2001-11-28 Izstrelek z mocnim penetracijskim in lateralnim ucinkom z integrirano pripravo za razkroj delcev
AT01127470T ATE326681T1 (de) 2001-11-28 2001-11-28 Geschosse hoher penetrations- und lateralwirkung mit integrierter zerlegungseinrichtung
DE50109825T DE50109825D1 (de) 2001-11-28 2001-11-28 Geschosse hoher Penetrations- und Lateralwirkung mit integrierter Zerlegungseinrichtung
IL16191602A IL161916A0 (en) 2001-11-28 2002-11-21 Projectile having a high penetrating action and lateral action and equipped with an integrated fracturing device
AU2002356703A AU2002356703B2 (en) 2001-11-28 2002-11-21 Projectile having a high penetrating action and lateral action and equipped with an integrated fracturing device
PCT/EP2002/013082 WO2003046470A1 (de) 2001-11-28 2002-11-21 Geschosse hoher penetrations- und lateralwirkung mit integrierter zerlegungseinrichtung
CA2468487A CA2468487C (en) 2001-11-28 2002-11-21 Projectiles possessing high penetration and lateral effect with integrated disintegration arrangement
KR1020047007981A KR100990443B1 (ko) 2001-11-28 2002-11-21 통합된 분리 장치를 가지고 높은 침투 효과 및 측방향효과를 가지는 발사체
PL370477A PL200470B1 (pl) 2001-11-28 2002-11-21 Aktywny korpus czynny do różnego rodzaju pocisków
CNB028237838A CN100402969C (zh) 2001-11-28 2002-11-21 带一体式自炸装置的穿透力和侧推进作用强的发射弹
EA200400732A EA006030B1 (ru) 2001-11-28 2002-11-21 Снаряды с большой бронебойной силой и боковым воздействием со встроенным разрушающим узлом
US10/305,512 US7231876B2 (en) 2001-11-28 2002-11-27 Projectiles possessing high penetration and lateral effect with integrated disintegration arrangement
HK03108670A HK1056388A1 (en) 2001-11-28 2003-11-27 High penetration and lateral effect projectiles having an integrated fragment generator
IL161916A IL161916A (en) 2001-11-28 2004-05-10 Projectile having a high penetrating action and lateral action and equipped with an integrated fracturing device
ZA2004/03569A ZA200403569B (en) 2001-11-28 2004-05-11 Projectile having a high penetrating action and lateral action and equipped with an integrated fracturing device
NO20042408A NO328165B1 (no) 2001-11-28 2004-06-09 Prosjektil som har hoy inntrengningsvirkning og sidevirkning samt utstyrt med en integrert bruddinnretning

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EP01127470A EP1316774B1 (de) 2001-11-28 2001-11-28 Geschosse hoher Penetrations- und Lateralwirkung mit integrierter Zerlegungseinrichtung

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EP1316774B1 true EP1316774B1 (de) 2006-05-17

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US (1) US7231876B2 (xx)
EP (1) EP1316774B1 (xx)
KR (1) KR100990443B1 (xx)
CN (1) CN100402969C (xx)
AT (1) ATE326681T1 (xx)
AU (1) AU2002356703B2 (xx)
CA (1) CA2468487C (xx)
DE (1) DE50109825D1 (xx)
DK (1) DK1316774T3 (xx)
EA (1) EA006030B1 (xx)
ES (1) ES2264958T3 (xx)
HK (1) HK1056388A1 (xx)
IL (2) IL161916A0 (xx)
NO (1) NO328165B1 (xx)
PL (1) PL200470B1 (xx)
SI (1) SI1316774T1 (xx)
WO (1) WO2003046470A1 (xx)
ZA (1) ZA200403569B (xx)

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WO2019162451A1 (de) 2018-02-26 2019-08-29 Rwm Schweiz Ag Geschoss mit pyrotechnischer wirkladung

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ES2264958T3 (es) 2007-02-01
CN1596361A (zh) 2005-03-16
ZA200403569B (en) 2005-01-26
CA2468487A1 (en) 2003-06-05
ATE326681T1 (de) 2006-06-15
EP1316774A1 (de) 2003-06-04
NO328165B1 (no) 2009-12-21
AU2002356703A1 (en) 2003-06-10
US20030167956A1 (en) 2003-09-11
SI1316774T1 (sl) 2006-12-31
CA2468487C (en) 2010-04-06
US7231876B2 (en) 2007-06-19
KR20040054808A (ko) 2004-06-25
DK1316774T3 (da) 2006-10-09
IL161916A0 (en) 2005-11-20
IL161916A (en) 2008-11-26
EA200400732A1 (ru) 2004-10-28
DE50109825D1 (de) 2006-06-22
PL370477A1 (en) 2005-05-30
PL200470B1 (pl) 2009-01-30
AU2002356703B2 (en) 2008-08-07
EA006030B1 (ru) 2005-08-25
WO2003046470A1 (de) 2003-06-05
NO20042408L (no) 2004-08-17
CN100402969C (zh) 2008-07-16
HK1056388A1 (en) 2004-02-13
KR100990443B1 (ko) 2010-10-29

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