EP1290503A2 - Einrichtung und verfahren zum elektrografischen drucken oder kopieren unter verwendung flüssiger farbmittel - Google Patents
Einrichtung und verfahren zum elektrografischen drucken oder kopieren unter verwendung flüssiger farbmittelInfo
- Publication number
- EP1290503A2 EP1290503A2 EP01964954A EP01964954A EP1290503A2 EP 1290503 A2 EP1290503 A2 EP 1290503A2 EP 01964954 A EP01964954 A EP 01964954A EP 01964954 A EP01964954 A EP 01964954A EP 1290503 A2 EP1290503 A2 EP 1290503A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- carrier
- layer
- image carrier
- latent image
- liquid
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
- G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
- G03G15/10—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer
- G03G15/101—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material
- G03G15/102—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a liquid developer for wetting the recording material for differentially wetting the recording material
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
- G03G2215/06—Developing structures, details
- G03G2215/0602—Developer
- G03G2215/0626—Developer liquid type (at developing position)
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for electrographic printing or copying using liquid colorants.
- the invention further relates to an applicator element, a cleaning station and a regeneration station, each of which is adapted to the use of liquid colorants.
- Known devices for electrographic printing or copying use a process in which dry toner is applied to the latent image of a latent image carrier, for example a photoconductor.
- a dry toner leads to relatively thick layers of toner, since the toner particles have a relatively large particle size and for sufficient color coverage, several toner particles have to be stacked on top of one another.
- the applied dry toner to the latent image layer must 'be fixed for which purpose a relatively high energy is expend. This high energy leads to a high strain on the final image carrier, preferably paper, as a result of the fixation by heat and / or pressure.
- Liquid toners used hitherto contain a carrier liquid which is odorous and flammable.
- the final image carrier loaded with liquid toner is often also odorous. When using liquid toner, it is brought into contact with the latent image carrier.
- a ' device for a liquid developer is known.
- a latent image for example a potential pattern, is generated on a final image carrier.
- An applicator element carries a liquid layer.
- An air gap of a certain air gap width is set between the liquid layer and the final image carrier. Liquid elements from the liquid layer are transferred to the surface of the final image carrier due to the electrical potential.
- liquid colorant is processed in a coloring station in such a way that a constant amount of liquid in the form of a liquid layer is present on an applicator element per time and per area.
- an applicator element preferably a belt or a roller
- the liquid film is conveyed into the effective area of the potential pattern, the potential of which is distributed in accordance with an image pattern to be printed.
- the potential pattern preferably corresponds to an electrostatic charge image.
- the potential pattern was previously generated on the latent image carrier by suitable means, for example by electrostatically charging and exposing a photoconductor. An air gap exists between the surface of the liquid layer and the latent image carrier with the potential pattern.
- a liquid colorant preferably with a solids content of 20% or higher, is used in the invention.
- This liquid colorant contains a carrier liquid which is preferably odorless, non-flammable, well tolerated by the environment and non-toxic. Water is preferably used as the carrier liquid.
- liquid colorant has the advantage that it can be easily stored in a storage container and that no segregation, no phase separation and no irreversible drying occur in this storage container and in the associated transport lines.
- the solids concentration or the colorant concentration can easily be changed by adding carrier liquid.
- the liquid colorant can be supplied in such a way that a colorant concentrate and the carrier liquid are stored and transported separately from one another.
- the liquid colorant there is an air gap between the surface of the applicator element and the surface of the latent image carrier, which is overcome by the liquid colorant.
- This coloring of the potential pattern on the latent image carrier over an air gap has the advantage that there is no wear on the latent image carrier or at least a closure is minimized.
- the air gap is overcome, the droplets are focused according to the potential pattern, which results in a sharp line formation.
- the liquid colorant image automatically adjusts itself according to the potential pattern
- the use of a liquid ink further has the advantage that relatively thin color ski Want 'may be generated on the final image. In this way, the colorant consumption is low and high printing speeds can be achieved. There are also advantages with regard to the fixation of the colorant image on the final image carrier. The energy to be used can be reduced and the processing speed increased.
- the potential pattern on the latent image carrier is preferably as. electrostatic charge pattern ' formed. However, it is also possible to generate a potential pattern in the form of magnetic field lines. In this case, the liquid colorant should contain magnetically influenceable carrier particles which cause colorants to be transferred to the latent image carrier while overcoming the air gap and to color the latent image.
- electrostatic printing or copying means that a multiplicity of electrically working methods can be used with which a latent image can be generated on a latent image carrier.
- an alternating force field is present in the air gap, which acts on the liquid layer.
- An alternating electric field and / or an alternating magnetic field and / or an alternating acoustic field, in particular an ultrasonic field, can be used as the alternating force field. It has been shown in practice that such an alternating field is advantageous in order to to create fine print structures.
- the alternating force field supports the formation of droplets in the liquid layer or the formation of small channels between the liquid layer and the surface of the latent image carrier.
- the respective alternating field advantageously has a frequency greater than or equal to 200 Hz, in particular a frequency of 1 kHz to 20 kHz, preferably a frequency of 1 kHz to 5 kHz.
- a favorable printing result can be achieved at the specified frequencies.
- the gap width of the air gap is set depending on the pressure point resolution.
- the dpi resolution is usually used as the print point resolution, i.e. "Dots-per-inch *.
- the air gap is then around 200 ⁇ m.
- the surface tension and the viscosity of the liquid layer are of particular importance for a good printing result.
- Two exemplary embodiments A and B with different focal points of the parameters are presented.
- the surface tension is typically in the range from 20 to 45 mN / m, in particular in the range from 25 to 35 mN / m.
- the associated viscosity is in the range from 0.8 to 50 mPa-s, especially in the range from 3 to 30 mPa-s.
- the aforementioned values of surface tension and viscosity minimize the energy required to form liquid channels between the liquid layer on the applicator surface and the surface of the latent image carrier.
- the surface energy that is set prevents the liquid from being permanently deposited on image areas of the latent image carrier that are not to be colored.
- a relatively high surface tension and a viscosity adapted to it are used for the liquid.
- the surface tension is in the range from 50 to 80 mN / m, preferably in the range from 55 to 70 mN / m.
- the viscosity has a value in the range from 0.8 to 300 mPa-s.
- the properties of the drops are such that when the drops, one drop and the surface of the latent image carrier or drop and the applicator surface collide, elastic deformations of the drops predominantly occur; This avoids agglomeration of the drops or wetting of the surface of the latent image carrier at image areas which cannot be colored.
- a method for electrographic printing or copying is specified.
- an applicator element is specified which can receive a liquid-containing liquid layer.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a cleaning station which is used to clean the latent image carrier or an intermediate carrier after the transfer of the colorant image from the remaining colorants and to restore a defined initial state.
- the surface of the latent image carrier is regenerated, e.g. of a photoconductor, by erasure exposure and by the effects of the electric field of a discharge corotron. There is no regeneration with respect to the surface energy.
- the regeneration station according to the invention enables the surface of the latent image carrier to be regenerated with respect to maintaining a defined surface energy.
- the aforementioned cleaning station according to the invention and the regeneration station according to the invention it is possible to carry out continuous cleaning in connection with the regeneration of the surface energy conditions of a surface carrying a liquid colorant.
- the charge carrier injection ratios of the surface of the latent image carrier are regenerated.
- the continuous cleaning in connection with the regeneration extends the lifespan of the image carrier, ie a latent image carrier or an intermediate carrier.
- the regeneration of the latent image carrier and a possibly downstream intermediate carrier can be coordinated with one another in such a way that constant adhesion conditions prevail at the contact point. In this way, the transfer of the colorant image improved.
- colorant can be recovered and used again for further printing processes.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a regeneration station that produces the defined initial state and for a latent image carrier.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to an arrangement and a method for electrographic printing or copying, in which a band-shaped intermediate carrier is used, on which a latent image is formed.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically the structure of a printing device which works with liquid colorant
- FIG. 2 shows a coloring station with an applicator roller for providing a thin layer of liquid
- Figure 3 shows the principle of transferring
- Figure 4 shows an example of the structure of the
- Figure 5 shows the • orientation • of the liquid colorant on the surface of the
- FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment for a coloring station
- FIG. 7 shows the surface of an applicator roller with continuous properties and the formation of a uniform liquid layer
- Figure 8 a coating layer of an applicator roller having first areas of increased electrical conductivity
- FIG. 9 shows a cover layer of an applicator
- FIG. 10 a cover layer of an applicator
- FIG. 11 stochastically distributed microscopic elevations
- FIG. 12 shows a cover layer with a combination of first areas and second areas
- FIG. 13 shows a combination of first areas and third areas
- Figure 14 is a top layer of an applicator roller 'on the second regions and third regions are combined together
- FIG. 15 a cover layer in which first areas, second areas and third areas are combined with one another
- FIG. 16 shows an overview of possible surface structures and their combinations
- FIG. 17 shows the surface structure of an applicator roller with a regular well structure
- FIG. 18 shows an applicator roller surface with a well structure and raised islands
- FIG. 19 shows a surface structure with a stochastic distribution of cells and with exposed tips of microscopic elevations
- FIG. 20 shows an exemplary embodiment of a cleaning station
- FIGS. 21 to 26 different photo-dielectric imaging processes for generating a latent image
- FIG. 27 shows an example of multi-color printing using the single-pass method
- FIG. 28 shows a similar method with a coiled intermediate carrier tape.
- FIG. 1 shows, as an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a printing device which prints an end image carrier 10, for example paper.
- the end image carrier 10 is moved in the direction of the arrow P1.
- the printing device comprises a photoconductor drum 12 which rotates in the direction of arrow P2 ' . '
- One on. the colorant image applied to the photoconductor drum 12 is transferred to an intermediate carrier drum 14 which is in contact with the photoconductor drum 12.
- the intermediate carrier drum 14 rotates in the direction of the arrow P3 and transfers the colorant image "supported by a transfer corotron 16 to the lower side of the end image carrier 10.
- An exposure station 18, a corotron 20, a light source 22 for generating a latent image on the photoconductor drum 12, a coloring station 24 with an applicator roller 26, a hot air generator 28, a cleaning station 30 and a regeneration station 32 are arranged on the periphery of the photoconductor drum 12.
- the functions of these units 18 to 32 are explained in more detail below.
- a further cleaning station 34 and a hot air station 35 are arranged on the circumference of the intermediate carrier drum 14. net.
- the further cleaning station 34 can be constructed in the same way as the cleaning station 30.
- FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the inking station 24 with the applicator roller 26, which faces the outer surface of the photoconductor drum 12.
- a uniform liquid film 38 is fed to the applicator roller 26 via a feed roller 36.
- this feed roller 36 is fed a constant amount of colorant over a scoop roller 40, which has a structure with cups 42 on its outer circumference.
- the scoop roller 40 dips a section into a scoop 44, in which a supply of colorant is contained.
- a doctor blade 46 acts on the outer circumference of the scoop roller 40, which causes only the volume of colorant contained in the cups 42 to be conveyed.
- the feed roller 36 is deformable.
- the wells 42 empty on their surface, so that the smooth liquid film 38 forms on the surface of the feed roller 36. This liquid film 38 is brought up to the applicator roller 26.
- the feed roller 36 can rotate in the same direction or in the opposite direction to the applicator roller 26.
- Applicator roller 26 and feed roller 36 preferably move in synchronism, as shown in FIG. 2 by the direction arrows.
- the applicator roller 26 separates a smooth droplet carpet 48 from the smooth liquid film 38, the droplets of which jump under the action of an electric field from the surface of the applicator roller 26 according to the image pattern onto the photoconductor 12, as is shown, for example, with the droplet 50 in FIG ,
- the droplet 50 overcomes one
- Air gap L which is in the range from 50 to 1000 ⁇ m, preferred is in the range from 100 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the surface of the photoconductor 12 can move in the same direction or in the opposite direction to the surface of the applicator roller 26.
- the surface speed of these two elements can be the same size or different.
- the surfaces of the photoconductor 12 and the applicator roller 26 preferably move at the same speed in the same direction, as shown in FIG. 2.
- the remnants of the droplet carpet 48 are removed from the surface of the applicator roller 26 with the aid of a doctor blade 52 and fed back to the colorant in the scoop tub 44 via a line system 54, 56.
- Another squeegee 58 removes the liquid film 38 on the feed roller 36 and supplies the residues to the colorant in the tub 44 via the element 56.
- the applicator roller 26 is subjected to a bi-potential ÜB in the form of a DC voltage. Because of this bias potential ÜB, there is a potential contrast between image points on the photoconductor 12 and the bias potential ÜB. An alternating voltage with a frequency of preferably 5 kHz or higher can additionally be superimposed on the bias potential ÜB.
- the potential pattern on the photoconductor 12 is labeled UP.
- This potential pattern UP is generated as a charge image, for example using a conventional electrographic process by charging with a corotron 20 (cf. FIG. 1) and by partial discharge using a light source 22, for example an LED print head or a laser print head.
- a charge shift occurs within the liquid drops in the droplet carpet 48 due to the potential difference and, as a result, drops, for example the drop 50, are detached.
- an excess charge is also injected into the drops , Due to the effect of the electric field and the kinetic impulse, the drop 50 moves to the photoconductor surface and is focused on the image areas to be developed by the field lines.
- a coloring station can have an anilox roller with a chamber doctor blade as the scoop roller. Another alternative provides that a smooth film of liquid is sprayed onto the feed roller. A further alternative embodiment provides that the applicator roller is immersed with a section in a bath with the colorant, and that the amount of liquid absorbed is metered via an elastic roller doctor blade, which acts on the surface of the applicator roller. Further alternative embodiments of the coloring station are explained further below.
- FIG. 3 shows further details in the area of
- the surface of the applicator roller 26 has a regular structure with elevations 60 with a height of approximately 5 to 10 ⁇ m and a distance of approximately 10 to 15 ⁇ m from one another. These elevations 60 have a higher surface energy and a lower specific resistance than the surface sections 62 surrounding them.
- the surface energy of the elevations 60 is preferably in Range of 40 mN / m, the specific resistance is preferably in the range of 10 1 to 10 6 ⁇ cm.
- the surface sections 62 have a surface energy preferably in the range less than 20 mN / m and a specific resistance of preferably greater than 10 7 ⁇ cm.
- the droplets of the droplet carpet 48 shown in FIG. 3 form on the elevations 60.
- the droplets After the droplets have been transferred to the surface of the photoconductor 12 as a result of electrical field forces of the potential pattern UP, the droplets, for example the droplets 62, accumulate over the path x corresponding to the potential UP, as is shown in detail in section 64.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of a section of the surface of the applicator roller 26 with the elevations 60 and the surface sections 62.
- the droplets 66 form on the elevations 60. These droplets have a size of approximately 0.3 to 50 ⁇ m in diameter.
- the droplets 66 have relatively low adhesion and receive an increased excess electrical charge on the surface under the influence of an external electric field (not shown).
- an external electric field is generated, for example, by the image areas to be colored with colorant that are defined by the charge image and are located near elevations 60 during the coloring, for example at a distance L according to FIG. 2. The detachment by the effect of a latent charge pattern is thus relieved.
- the drop size can be varied by changing the structure size of the structure of the surface.
- the droplet size is equal to or smaller than the print resolution, preferably the droplet diameter is about a quarter of the smallest picture element to be printed.
- FIG. 5 shows the distribution of the drop or several drops transferred to the photoconductor in accordance with the charge image and the field strength E.
- the image element 70 to be colored with colorant is defined by the negative charges on the surface of the photoconductor 12.
- the colorant 68 transferred to this image point 70 in the form of a droplet or a plurality of droplets orients itself in accordance with the charge image, in particular image edges are sharply shaped.
- the surface energies of the photoconductor 12 and the liquid colorant 68 are coordinated in such a way that a contact angle of greater than approximately 40 ° results.
- FIG. 6 shows a further variant of a coloring station 24.
- the applicator roller 26a does not carry a droplet carpet, but instead a continuous colorant layer 72 due to the continuous homogeneous surface properties.
- the surface energy of the surface of this applicator roller 26a is typically in the range from 10 to 60 mN / m, preferably between 30 and 50 mN / m.
- the specific resistance of the surface is in the range from 10 2 to 10 8 ⁇ cm, preferably between 10 5 to 10 7 ⁇ cm.
- a smooth liquid film with a thickness in the range from 5 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 15 ⁇ m, is produced on the applicator roller 26a. This liquid film 72 is brought into the effective range of the potential pattern UP.
- FIG. 7 shows a representation similar to FIG. 3, but using the smooth, homogeneous liquid film 72 from which droplets 50 are released in accordance with the distribution of the potential pattern UP.
- the potential pattern UP (x) present in the abscissa direction x the colorant is focused on the image areas 74 to be developed. Due to the interaction between the electric field strength, the surface tension and the micro-charge distribution on the colorant 62, the liquid colorant 62 is directed onto the photoconductor 12 at the field strength edges, which results in an edge smoothing of the picture elements.
- the surface of the photoconductor 12 should have a surface energy that does not result in the complete spreading of the liquid colorant 62 - i. The colorant does not run apart.
- FIGS. 3 and 7 show that the droplets jump from the surface of the applicator roller 26 and 26a onto the opposite surface of the photoconductor 12. Such jumping need not necessarily be present.
- a drop of the drip carpet 48 on the applicator roller 26 or a drop formed on the applicator roller 26a from the smooth liquid film 72 can be elongated due to the electrical field effect according to the potential pattern UP.
- This deformation of the drop can be such that there is a liquid channel between the surface of the photoconductor 12 and the surface of the applicator roller for a short time 26 or 26a forms and the drop can simultaneously have contact both with the surface of the photoconductor and with the surface of the applicator roller 26 or 26a. Due to the existing surface forces the droplet then travels completely or partially from the surface of the applicator ⁇ 26 to 26 over to the surface of the photoconductor, thereby causing an imagewise coloring.
- the applicator element is characterized in that its surface has a structure with a large number of areas in which the detachment of drops from the liquid layer is facilitated.
- This liquid layer can be present as a homogeneous, uniform layer or as a droplet carpet, as has already been mentioned above.
- the applicator roller 26 according to FIG. 8 has a cover layer 76 with reduced conductivity and a surface energy in the range of preferably 30 to 50 mN / m with a relatively low polar portion of the surface energy, preferably in the range of less than 10 mN / m.
- a plurality of first regions 78 are recessed, have 'a with respect to the cover layer 76 increased electrical conductivity.
- the first regions 78 are produced, for example, by doping the top layer 76 by means of metal atoms.
- the first regions 78 can be repeated at regular intervals or can be arranged at stochastically distributed intervals.
- the distances between the first regions 78 are preferably at a distance of 0.3 to 50 ⁇ m from one another.
- the cover layer can, for example, be made of DLC (diamont like carbon).
- the doping of the first regions 78 can be selected such that there is an almost rectangular transition in the conductivity. Alternatively, you can choose 'a soft, continuous transition.
- the type of transition and also the size of the first areas 78 and the left areas 80 define the size of the droplets. In this way, droplets can be generated that have a diameter of up to 10 ⁇ m and can easily be detached from the regions 80.
- the advantage of the arrangement shown in FIG. 8 is that the structuring of the cover layer 76 with areas 78 of different conductivity can take place on an otherwise smooth surface. At the first areas 78 of increased conductivity, charge carriers can be injected into the colorant droplets, which support the detachment of the droplets or drops from a closed liquid film under the influence of an external electric field.
- Figure 9 shows a further variant. the structuring of the surface of the applicator roller 26.
- the same reference numerals designate the same elements, which is also retained for the following figures.
- structuring takes place by changing the surface energy in sections. This change in surface energy takes place in a fixed grid and abruptly.
- the transition between sections of different surface energy can be continuous and that Grid can be distributed stochastically.
- Cups 84 are embedded in the cover layer 76 made of a first material, the grid-shaped distribution of which takes place with a resolution of preferably 1200 dpi.
- the cups 84 are filled with a second material.
- the cups 84 with the second material form second areas 86 in the surface of the cover layer 76 with exposed areas 80 therebetween.
- a droplet carpet with droplets 82 forms on these exposed areas.
- the combination of two materials allows a variety of variations.
- ceramic can be provided as the first material and Teflon as the second material.
- DLC material, F-DLC material (fluor dia ond like carbon material) or Sicon material can be provided as the first material and Teflon as the second material.
- a further material combination results if the first material is a ⁇ i layer or a layer of ⁇ i alloy, preferably Cr ⁇ i, and the second material is Teflon, the Teflon material preferably being embedded in the form of balls in the ⁇ i layer ,
- the advantages of the arrangement according to FIG. 9 are that the structuring can take place on an otherwise smooth surface.
- the change in the surface energy leads specifically to the promotion of drop formation.
- About the many 'versions of material combinations to adapt to different colorant systems is possible.
- the combination of materials also enables the adhesion of the droplets formed to the surface of the applicator roller to be reduced.
- FIG. 10 shows a further example of a structuring of the surface of the applicator roller 26 in such a way that the formation and detachment of drops from the liquid layer is relieved.
- the structure of the surface has a multiplicity of third areas 88, which are formed as microscopic elevations on the otherwise macroscopically smooth surface. These third areas 88 can form a regular or a stochastic structure.
- the local wavelength of this structure is preferably in the range from 0.3 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the material of the cover layer should be such that it forms the largest possible contact angle with the liquid colorant used, preferably a contact angle greater than 90 °.
- a discontinuous layer of liquid is thus formed, preferably in the form of drops at the liquid's interface with the surface of the applicator roller 26.
- the microscopic elevations form small peaks and edges that lead to the formation of electrical field peaks in the area of action of an electrical field. These field peaks serve as separation points for the transfer of drops.
- FIG. 11 shows that the third areas 88 can be distributed stochastically.
- the difference in height between the highest points of the microscopic elevations of the third regions 88 and the level of the macroscopically smooth surface is approximately 2 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ m, for the examples according to FIGS. 10 and 11.
- FIG. 12 shows an example in which first areas 78 and second areas 86 are combined with one another. Both areas 78, 86 are formed at the same locations. Alternatively, the transition between the combined first and second regions 78, 86 and the remaining regions 80 can be continuous and the regions can be stochastically distributed. The combination of materials can be such as has been explained in connection with FIG. 9.
- FIG. 13 shows a surface structure as a combination of the examples according to FIGS. 8 and 10. First areas 78 with increased conductivity are combined with a change in the surface contour. The first areas 78 and the third areas 88 can be formed regularly and alternately.
- the local wavelength of the first regions 78 and the third regions 88 can also differ from one another, the local wavelength of the third regions 88 being at most one fifth of the local wavelength of the first regions 78. Due to the combination of the first regions 78 and third regions 88, the droplet formation, the size of the droplets and the injection of charge carriers into these drops can be influenced.
- FIG. 14 shows an exemplary embodiment in which the surface is structured in such a way that second regions 86 and third regions 88 are combined with one another. These second areas 86 and third areas 88 can be formed regularly and alternately. Alternatively, the local wavelengths of the second regions 86 and the third regions 88 can be different from one another, the local wavelength of the third regions 88 being at most one fifth of the local wavelength of the second regions 86.
- FIG. 15 shows a further exemplary embodiment in which first areas 78, second areas 86 and third areas 88 are combined. In this way, the wetting of the surface of the applicator roller 26 can be set in a targeted manner.
- Figure 16 gives an overview of the possible surface structures and their combinations.
- the top illustration shows that the cover layer of the applicator roller has first areas 78 with a changed conductivity. has.
- the liquid colorant is shown as a continuous layer 77.
- the example below shows the second areas 86 with changed surface energy, which are cup-shaped.
- the example below shows the surface structure with the third areas of a microscopic regular surface contour.
- the example below shows a stochastically distributed surface contour with third areas 88.
- the further example below shows a surface structure with a combination of first areas 78 and second areas 86.
- the further example below shows a combination of first areas 78 of changed conductivity and third Areas 88 with a microscopic surface contour.
- the penultimate example shows the combination of second areas 86 and third areas 88.
- the last example shows a surface structure with a combination of first areas 78, second areas 86 and third areas 88.
- FIGS. 17 to 19 show concrete surface structures for an applicator roller.
- a cover layer 76 with reduced conductivity and a surface energy in the range from 30 to 50 mN / m with a polar proportion greater than or equal to 5 mN / m, for example ceramic is applied to a metallic base body 90.
- This cover layer 76 has a regular vesicle structure, for example with a resolution of 1200 dpi.
- the cups 84 are made of a material with a lower surface energy than ceramic and with a lower conductivity than ceramic, for example Teflon. Overall, there is a flat roller surface.
- the surface of the filled cells has an area ratio of 60 to 90%, preferably 70 up to 80% of the total surface.
- the liquid film 38 is split at the contact point between the feed roller 36 and the applicator roller 26 (see FIG. 2). Only the regions take part in the applicator 26 of the liquid and has a surface, which have a ⁇ increased surface energy. Since these areas with increased surface energy are separated from areas with lower surface energy, a uniform droplet carpet 48 is formed.
- the droplet size is determined by the fineness of the structure of hydrophobic and hydrophilic areas. With a resolution of 1200 dpi, drops of approx. 10 to 15 ⁇ m in diameter are formed.
- FIG. 18 shows a further example for the structuring of the applicator roller surface.
- a cover layer 76 with reduced conductivity e.g. Ceramic, applied with a thickness of 1 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the base body 90 or optionally the cover layer 76 is structured by a regular cell structure with a resolution of at least 1200 dpi.
- the cups 84 are made of a material with a lower surface energy than ceramic and a lower conductivity than ceramic, e.g. Teflon, filled up. The cups 84 are not completely filled, so that a roller surface with raised islands 92 is formed.
- the surface of the filled cells has an area share of 60 to 90% of the total surface.
- droplets 82 form on the raised areas 92 to form a droplet carpet 48.
- FIG. 19 shows a further exemplary embodiment for an applicator roller.
- the conductive base body 90 preferably made of metal, with a surface energy in the range of 30 to 50 mN / m with a polar portion greater than or equal to 5 m ⁇ / m, an intermediate layer 76 with reduced conductivity and a surface energy in the same range, for example ceramic, with a thickness in the range of is optional 1 to 500 ⁇ m applied.
- the surface of the roller base body 90 or optionally the intermediate layer 76 is structured by a stochastic distribution of cells 84 in a grid spacing of 0.3 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, preferably in the range from 0.3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- a cover layer 94 for example made of Teflon, with a material of lower surface energy and lower conductivity than the underlying layer 76, 90 fills the depressions so that the tips 96 of the stochastic surface structure remain uncovered.
- the surface of the filled-in depressions has an area fraction of preferably 60 to 90% of the total surface.
- the colorant image is thickened by physical and / or chemical processes, preferably by evaporation of the carrier liquid in the colorant. This effect is intensified by the hot air generator 28, to which the colored ink image is fed as a result of the rotational movement of the photoconductor drum 12.
- the colorant image is first transferred from the surface of the photoconductor drum 12 to the surface of an intermediate carrier drum 14 which is in contact with the surface of the photoconductor drum 12.
- the transmission takes place through mechanical contact and is preferably supported by a transfer printing voltage which is applied to the intermediate carrier drum 14.
- the intermediate carrier drum 14 consists of an electrically highly conductive body, preferably of metal, and has a coating with a defined electrical resistance, preferably in the range from 10 5 to 10 13 ⁇ cm.
- a band can be provided as the intermediate carrier, which has a defined electrical resistance, preferably in the range from 10 5 to 10 13 ⁇ cm, and that of an electrically highly conductive element, which preferably consists of a metal, to the colored one Image on the latent image carrier, for example the photoconductor drum 12, is brought up.
- This tape also preferably carries an electrical potential on the surface, which supports the transfer of the liquid image from the latent image carrier to the intermediate carrier.
- the electrical potential of the surface of the intermediate carrier is set by means of an auxiliary voltage which is applied directly to the intermediate carrier or to the electrically highly conductive element which leads the intermediate carrier surface to the colored image on the latent image carrier.
- This auxiliary voltage can contain DC voltage components and AC voltage components.
- the cohesion of the colorant image is greater than the adhesion between the intermediate carrier and the colorant image; the adhesion between the intermediate carrier and the colorant image is again therefore greater than the adhesion between the surface of the latent image carrier and the colorant image. Because of these adhesive force conditions, the colorant image is transferred from the latent image carrier to the intermediate carrier.
- the viscosity of the transferred colorant image can be increased further on the intermediate carrier by suitable means, preferably by a dry hot air stream. This ensures that the cohesion of the colorant image is sufficiently high to ensure complete transfer to the final image carrier 10. This also ensures that in the operating mode “collection mode *, which is explained in more detail below, the last colorant image generated in each case has a lower cohesion than the previously collected colorant images. In this way, there is no retransfer of colorant to the surface of the photoconductor.
- a hot air station 36 is provided for generating a dry hot air stream which acts on the surface of the intermediate carrier drum 14.
- the surface of the intermediate carrier drum 14 is guided past this in the direction of rotation P3.
- a cleaning station 30 or a cleaning station 34 is arranged on the circumference of the photoconductor drum 12 or the intermediate carrier drum 14. These cleaning stations 30, 34 serve to remove the remnants of the colorant image still remaining after printing. The structure of the cleaning station 30 or 34 is explained in more detail below. Furthermore, a regeneration station 32 is arranged on the periphery of the photoconductor drum 12 after the cleaning station 30, which generates defined surface properties and charge injection conditions on the surface of the photoconductor drum 12.
- Various operating modes can be provided for realizing multi-color printing on the final image carrier 10. In a first mode, different color image separations are 'successively on the latent image carrier of the photoconductor drum 12 that is generated and sequentially transmitted directly onto the final image 10th
- a third operating mode provides that, in order to implement multicolor printing, several color image separations are generated in succession on the latent image carrier and are superimposed on the intermediate carrier. The superimposed color image extracts are transferred together from the intermediate carrier to the final image carrier 10.
- a fourth mode is for each Farbbil 'dauszug provided a printing unit comprising a latent image carrier, and an applicator, each of which produces a color separation.
- the different color separations are successively transferred with a precise fit to the final image carrier 10 or first transferred to an intermediate carrier, for example the intermediate carrier drum 14, and from there to the final image carrier 10.
- This operating mode is also called single-pass procedure.
- a fifth operating mode is characterized in that a single latent image carrier is provided for realizing multi-color printing, to which several applicator elements are assigned, for example in the manner of the applicator roller 26. Each applicator element creates a coloring Extract from the image that is transferred to the final image carrier 10 directly or initially to an intermediate carrier and from there to the final image carrier 10. This operating mode is also called multi-pass procedure.
- An exemplary embodiment of the single-pass method has up to five complete printing units, each with a character generator, a latent image carrier and at least one inking station, and has a common intermediate carrier.
- the multicolored image is created in a single pass.
- the individual partial color images are generated on the latent image carriers assigned to them at such a time interval that they meet in register with the same surface area of the intermediate carrier which is moved past the individual colored latent image carriers in succession and in contact with them the partial color images. takes over .
- the partial color images together form the mixed color image.
- the cohesion of the individual colorant images is set on the respective latent image carrier in such a way that the cohesion of the colorant image first transferred to the intermediate carrier is higher than the respectively subsequent colorant image. For example, this can be achieved by a different, progressively dry state of the colorant images.
- FIG. 20 shows an exemplary embodiment for the cleaning station 30.
- This cleaning station 30 has the task of removing the residues 101 of the colorant image that remain after the transfer of the colorant image from the surface of the photoconductor drum 12.
- a brush roller 102 is used for this purpose, the brush 103 of which is in contact with the surface of the photoconductor drum 12.
- the brush roller 102 rotates in rieh direction of the rotary arrow P4 preferably in the opposite direction to the movement of the photoconductor drum 12 in the direction P3.
- the brush 103 is arranged such that the theoretical outer diameter of the brush roller 102 is immersed in the surface of the photoconductor drum 12. This ensures the defined stress on the bristles and the compensation of manufacturing tolerances.
- the brush roller 102 removes residues 101 of the liquid colorant by mechanical displacement, supported by the adhesion between the colorant and the brush hair and optionally by electrostatic support.
- the base body of the brush roller 102 is preferably made of metal, to which a voltage UR is applied in order to achieve the advantageous electrostatic detachment effect.
- This voltage UR is a DC voltage, which can be superimposed by an AC voltage.
- the contact area between the brush and the carrier liquid is subjected to ultrasound energy from an ultrasound source 107.
- a suction device 104 engages in the brush 103, which sucks off the liquid residues still adhering to the brush 103. That in the tub
- 100 existing mixture of carrier liquid and residues of colorant can be processed and reused for the printing process.
- the cleaning station 30 shown in FIG. 20 removes residues
- An identical or similarly constructed cleaning station can also be used for cleaning the surface of an intermediate carrier, for example the intermediate carrier drum 14.
- Such a cleaning station can therefore be used for removing color residues adhering to a support, generally referred to as an image carrier, to which a liquid colorant image has been applied.
- the cleaning station can contain a detaching roller which is pressed onto the surface of the image carrier.
- a doctor blade which is arranged after the contact point as seen in the direction of rotation of the detaching roller, serves to strip off the colorant taken up by the detaching roller.
- the detaching roller is preferably immersed in a bath with carrier liquid. After passing through the bath, a further doctor blade can be arranged on the circumference of the detaching roller in order to scrape off the liquid on the surface of the detaching roller.
- the surface energy of the surface of the release roller should be set such that there is a higher adhesion between the colorant residue and the surface of the release roller than the cohesion within the colorant residue.
- the cohesion within the colorant residue should be greater than the adhesion between the colorant residue and the surface of the image carrier.
- the cleaning station contains a cleaning fleece which is pressed onto the image carrier.
- the cleaning fleece is preferably moved at a considerably lower speed than the peripheral speed of the image carrier.
- the cleaning fleece can be designed as an endless belt which, after contact with the surface of the image carrier, is passed through a bath filled with carrier liquid. The colorant is dissolved and removed from the cleaning fleece.
- the endless belt is applied with a doctor blade and preferably with ultrasound. After leaving the bath will be excess Carrier liquid removed from the endless belt, preferably using a pair of squeeze rollers.
- the cleaning fabric can be wound on a dispenser reel, 'and is brought into contact using a roll and a saddle with the surface of the image carrier.
- the cleaning fleece is then wound onto a receiver roll.
- the cleaning fleece is gradually moved from the dispenser roll to the recipient roll. Up to several thousand sheets can be printed between two steps.
- this contains a doctor blade which is pressed onto the image carrier.
- the image carrier is in the form of a tape, a roller or a rod can be provided as a counter bearing for the squeegee.
- the cleaning station contains a wave bath device which directs a jet of cleaning liquid onto the surface of the image carrier.
- the carrier liquid of the colorant is preferably used as the cleaning liquid.
- the cleaning station contains a roller bath device which uses a roller to bring cleaning fluid to the surface of the image carrier.
- This cleaning liquid preferably the carrier liquid of the colorant, dissolves the colorant residues that are removed with the rotation of the roller.
- a doctor then acts on the roller mentioned, wiping off the dissolved liquid colorant.
- Another variant of the cleaning station contains an Airknife. This displaces the liquid colorant from to cleaning image carrier. The displaced colorant residues can be collected, processed and reused for the printing process.
- a further exemplary embodiment of a cleaning station contains a suction device which sucks the liquid colorant residue off the surface of the image carrier.
- the extracted exhaust air can be filtered and the liquid colorant separated, which is preferably reused in the further printing process.
- a detachment station (not shown), which applies a cleaning liquid to the surface of the image carrier, can be arranged in front of the cleaning station 30, as seen in the direction of movement of the image carrier.
- a scoop roller can be provided for application;
- a section of the image carrier can pass through a bath with cleaning liquid. It is advantageous if the carrier liquid of the colorant is used as the cleaning liquid. It is advantageous if " ultrasonic energy is applied to the contact point between the cleaning liquid and the image carrier.
- a regeneration station 32 is arranged after the cleaning station 30 in the exemplary embodiment shown in the direction of rotation of the photoconductor drum 12. While the cleaning station 30 ensures continuous mechanical cleaning, the regeneration station 32 serves for setting and permanently guaranteeing defined process conditions, in particular with regard to the surface properties, such as the surface energy of the latent image carrier, the surface energy ratio between the surface of the latent image Carrier, the liquid colorant and optionally the surface of the intermediate carrier, and the surface roughness, ie the microscopic structure of the surface.
- the regeneration station is also used to set defined process conditions with regard to the electrical properties on the surface of the latent image carrier, for example with regard to the charge injection conditions and the surface resistance.
- the regeneration station determines the surface energy that controls the wettability of the surface with the liquid colorant.
- the regeneration station applies a substance which influences the surface energy, preferably surfactant solutions, in particular nonionic surfactants dissolved in water, to the surface of the image carrier, which can be an intermediate carrier or a latent image carrier.
- This substance can be applied, for example, with a layer thickness of less than 0.3 ⁇ m, which completely wets the surface, preferably in a time of less than 5 ms.
- the regeneration station can contain a corona device which has a corona with an alternating voltage in the range from 1 to 20 kVss (measured from peak to peak) at a frequency in the range from 1 to 10 kHz.
- This corona device can alternatively be used to apply the substance or in combination with the substance.
- cleaning and regeneration are combined in a single operation.
- wave pool cleaning or roller pool cleaning is used.
- a substance controlling the surface energy preferably a surfactant solution, is added to the cleaning liquid. This substance is then transferred to the image carrier with the cleaning liquid. Excess cleaning fluid can be removed again, such residues can be recycled.
- the surface of the image carrier can be dried by suitable means, for example by means of a warm and dry air flow directed onto the surface. is. This drying serves to increase the surface-active components and thereby to increase their effectiveness. In addition, one may. disruptive effects of excess cleaning liquid avoided.
- photodielectric image forming processes can be generated with the aid of which on a photoconductor latent images', which may be colored by the liquid ink by overcoming the air gap.
- an image-wise distributed electric field is generated with the help of the layer system of the photoconductor, the components of which exert a force effect on charged particles, polarizable and conductive objects in the space above the surface, ie for example on polarizable components of the colorant liquid.
- the electrical field distribution on the surface of the photoconductor is made visible during development using the transferring liquid colorant.
- the 'cleaning of the uppermost layer of the photoconductor, which comes into contact with the colorant must be adapted to the peculiarities of the liquid ink.
- the surface energy state of this cover layer must also be restored or maintained after each dye transfer change.
- the material of the upper insulating The cover layer of the photoconductor must accordingly be matched to the use of aqueous colorants.
- the surface energy conditions must be such that the carrier liquid with the colorant adheres to the surface in the latent image areas to be colored. At least this liability condition must apply to the solids content of the colorant.
- the electrical repulsion effect must prevail in such a way that no liquid comes into contact with the insulating surface of the photoconductor.
- One variant consists in that it can be made because of the stability of the electric field across the insulating covering layer of the photoconductor and a permanent pre-guiding of the colorant-containing 'liquid on this insulating layer, wherein the polarity of the solid ink particles must be arranged in the liquid so that these particles are attracted by the electric field in the areas to be colored. In the areas not to be colored, the electrical field direction is reversed, so that the charged solid colorant particles are repelled.
- Imaging of the cover layer of the photoconductor can also be achieved in that the areas to be colored are relatively well wetted by the combined effect of the surface energy relationship between the insulating cover layer and the liquid and the electric field and the areas which are not to be colored are relatively poor because of the reverse field direction become.
- This type of coloring or the combination with the deposition of the charged solid colorant particles is particularly suitable for the development process at high temperatures. dizziness.
- the liquid layer In order to realize a high-speed process with pure particle deposition without significant wetting differences between the areas to be colored and those not to be colored, the liquid layer must be very thin and the concentration of the solid colorant particles must be relatively high. The largest possible particle charge is advantageous for high-speed development.
- this photoconductive layer can be provided with a thin insulating cover layer according to one exemplary embodiment.
- This top layer is chosen so that it meets the requirements for wettability and other surface properties, e.g. fulfills the charge injection property for taking up and releasing a liquid colorant.
- FIGS. 21 to 26 explain photo-dielectric imaging processes.
- a photo-dielectric process (FIGS. 21 and 22) can be used to generate the latent image, in which the formation of the latent image is controlled by an electric field in the photoconductor. Furthermore, a process controlled by charging current can be used for the generation of latent images (FIGS. 23 to 26).
- the photoconductors shown in the following figures each have a lower conductive layer 110, a middle photosensitive layer 112 and an upper insulating cover layer 114.
- This cover layer 114 determines the surface energy state, the electrical surface resistance and the charge injection properties of the photoconductor.
- the cover layer 114 itself influences the electrophotographic fish process for generating the latent image is not essential.
- the layer system of the photoconductor is initially uniformly charged with one polarity, with charge carrier injections from the lower, conductive layer 110 into the photoconductor layer 112 and / or simultaneous exposure (not shown) to the formation of a electrical field in the photoconductor layer 112 is prevented.
- the layer system is then recharged with the opposite polarity, an electrical field being created in the photoconductor layer 112 (second step).
- the layer system is exposed imagewise, whereby the latent image is created. Typical potential ratios are entered in FIG.
- FIG. 22 relates to a photo-dielectric imaging process, which is also referred to as a Hall process.
- a first step the S 'initially chichtsystem of the photoconductor having a polarity uniformly charged, with both in the photoconductor layer 112 and in the cover layer 114 establishes an electric field.
- the layer system is then exposed imagewise (second step). As a result, the electric field in the photoconductor layer 112 is reduced in exposed areas, while it is retained in unexposed areas.
- the charge is recharged evenly with the same polarity as in the first step.
- FIG. 23 shows a photo-electric image formation process, which is also referred to as the Katsuragawa process, a charge current-controlled process being used for the latent image formation.
- the layer system of the photoconductor is initially uniformly charged with one polarity, the emergence of an electric field in the region by charge carrier injection from the lower conductive layer 110 ′ into the photoconductor layer 112 and / or by simultaneous uniform exposure (not shown) Photoconductor layer 112 is prevented.
- the layer system is exposed imagewise and, at the same time, is recharged with the opposite polarity for charging in the first step, an electrical field in the photoconductor layer 112 being prevented in exposed areas. In unexposed areas, an electrical field is created in the photoconductor layer 112.
- the layer system is exposed uniformly, the latent image being produced. Typical potential relationships are also entered in FIG.
- FIG. 24 Another charge current-controlled image generation process is described in FIG. 24 and is referred to as the Canon NP process.
- a first step the layer system of the photoconductor is initially uniformly charged with one polarity, the emergence of an electric field in the.
- conductive layer 110 into the photoconductor layer 112 and / or by simultaneous uniform exposure (not shown)
- Photoconductor layer 112 is prevented.
- the layer system is then exposed imagewise and discharged at the same time, preferably with the aid of an alternating current corona, with the formation of an electric field in the photoconductor in exposed areas. layer 112 is prevented. In unexposed areas, an electric field is created in the photoconductor layer 112 (second step).
- a third step the layer system is exposed evenly, creating the latent image. Typical potential relationships are again shown in FIG.
- Figure 25 describes a charge current controlled ' imaging process which is referred to as the Nakamura process 3.
- a first step the layer system is charged evenly with one polarity (the positive polarity was selected in the example according to FIG. 25) and at the same time exposed image-wise. In the exposed areas, the formation of an electric field in the photoconductor layer 112 is prevented, while in unexposed areas a somewhat smaller electric field arises both in the photoconductor layer 112 and in the cover layer 114.
- the second step there is a uniform charge with opposite polarity to the charge in the first step.
- the surface potential is then exposed in the first step and unbeli 'chteten areas of equal size, in the example of Figure 25 is about -500 volts.
- the latent image is created during the final uniform exposure of the entire layer system (third step). Typical potential relationships are again shown in FIG. 25.
- Figure 26 shows a charging current controlled imaging process called the Simac process.
- the layer system is charged evenly with one polarity (positive in the example according to FIG. 26) and at the same time exposed imagewise. In the exposed areas, the formation of an electric field in the photoconductor layer 112 is prevented, while in unexposed areas both in the photoconductor layer 112 as well as in the cover layer 114 a somewhat smaller electric field is created.
- the latent image is formed in the second step, the electric field disappearing in all areas of the photoconductor layer. Typical potential relationships are also entered in FIG.
- FIGS. 27 and 28 show an example of multi-color printing using the single-pass method.
- five printing units DE1 to DE5 are arranged along an endless intermediate carrier belt 116.
- the intermediate carrier tape 116 is a dielectric film.
- Each printing unit DE1 to DE5 comprises a latent image carrier LT1 to LT5, which is designed, for example, as a photoconductor drum. These latent image carriers LT1 to LT5 generate a latent image on their surfaces in conventional form, for example by exposure.
- Each printing unit DE1 to DE5 also includes an applicator element AI to A5, each of which has a structure as has already been described above. The respective liquid layer of the applicator elements AI to A5 differs in color, so that multi-color printing is possible.
- the band-shaped intermediate carrier is arranged between the respective applicator element AI to A5 and the associated latent image carrier LT1 to LT5. Due to the electrical properties of the intermediate carrier 116, a corresponding potential image or latent image forms on the surface facing the respective applicator element " AI to A5, as does the surface of the respective latent image carrier LT1 to LT5.
- the intermediate carrier tape can generally also be used for
- the latent image of the band-shaped intermediate carrier 116 is defined by the applicator elements.
- elements AI to A5 colored, droplets are transferred from the liquid layer of the respective applicator roller to the surface of the band-shaped intermediate carrier 116 while overcoming an air gap. Thus, a color separation is generated by the printing units DE1 to DE5.
- the various color separations are superimposed on one another in a precisely fitting manner as the intermediate carrier tape 116 rotates.
- the overlaid color separations are transferred to the final image carrier 10, for example a paper web.
- the intermediate carrier 116 and the final image carrier move in the direction of the arrows 120 and 122, respectively.
- a station 124 is arranged in front of the first printing unit DE1 and performs the functions of cleaning and / or regeneration for the band-shaped intermediate carrier 116 , as described above in connection with the cleaning station 30 and the regeneration station 31.
- FIG. 28 shows a further variant of the single pass method. Elements which correspond to those according to FIG. 27 are identified identically.
- the band-shaped intermediate carrier 116 is not designed as an endless band, but rather as a long film web that is unwound from a supply reel 126.
- the various printing units DE1 to DE5 overlay color separations on the intermediate carrier 116 with a precise fit; the color separations are transferred to the paper web 10 at the transfer printing point 118.
- the intermediate carrier 116 is then wound onto a take-up reel 128. Before winding up, station 124 removes the ink residues and regenerates the surface of intermediate carrier 116. If a large number of transfer printing operations have taken place, the running direction shown (arrow 120) can be reversed for intermediate carrier 116 and intermediate carrier material from receiving package 128 to supply package 126 to be transported the.
- the intermediate carrier 116 can then be printed again.
- the arrangement according to FIG. 28 has the advantage that the band-shaped intermediate carrier does not have to be brought together to form an endless band, which under certain circumstances can lead to technical difficulties. For manufacturing reasons, it may be easier to use film material that is wound onto the supply reel 126 instead of an endless belt.
- the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 27 and 28 or their components can be combined with the exemplary embodiments and components shown in the previous figures, from which further advantageous examples according to the invention result.
- a material web can be used, to which the color separations are transferred directly.
- the material web serves as the final image carrier and is made of paper, for example.
- station 124 can be omitted. *
- ultrasound source 110 conductive layer 112 photosensitive layer
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Wet Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
- Ink Jet (AREA)
- Particle Formation And Scattering Control In Inkjet Printers (AREA)
- Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Cleaning In Electrography (AREA)
- Color Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10027173 | 2000-05-31 | ||
| DE10027173A DE10027173A1 (de) | 2000-05-31 | 2000-05-31 | Einrichtung und Verfahren zum elektrografischen Drucken oder Kopieren unter Verwendung flüssiger Farbmittel |
| PCT/EP2001/006199 WO2001092959A2 (de) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-05-31 | Einrichtung und verfahren zum elektrografischen drucken oder kopieren unter verwendung flüssiger farbmittel |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1290503A2 true EP1290503A2 (de) | 2003-03-12 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01964954A Withdrawn EP1290503A2 (de) | 2000-05-31 | 2001-05-31 | Einrichtung und verfahren zum elektrografischen drucken oder kopieren unter verwendung flüssiger farbmittel |
Country Status (5)
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US7020420B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1290503A2 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2003535372A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE10027173A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001092959A2 (de) |
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| DE10027175A1 (de) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-13 | Oce Printing Systems Gmbh | Applikatorelement und Verfahren zum elektrografischen Drucken oder Kopieren unter Verwendung flüssiger Farbmittel |
| DE10027203A1 (de) * | 2000-05-31 | 2001-12-20 | Oce Printing Systems Gmbh | Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Reinigen und zum Regenerieren eines Bildträgers beim elektrografischen Drucken oder Kopieren unter Verwendung flüssiger Farbmittel |
| US6868246B2 (en) * | 2001-11-20 | 2005-03-15 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Developing liquid coating device, developing device including the same and image forming apparatus including the developing device |
| US7494213B2 (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2009-02-24 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Image forming process and image forming apparatus |
| US7306283B2 (en) | 2002-11-21 | 2007-12-11 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Heater for an automotive vehicle and method of forming same |
| DE102006005120A1 (de) * | 2006-02-04 | 2007-08-09 | Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag | Farbduktorwalze einer Rollendruckmaschine |
| DE102006053843B4 (de) * | 2006-11-14 | 2014-05-08 | Océ Printing Systems GmbH & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Regeln der optischen Dichte in einem elektrografischen Druckverfahren sowie Tonerschichtdicken-Meßsystem und elektrografisches Druck- oder Kopiergerät |
| JP4471013B2 (ja) * | 2008-03-27 | 2010-06-02 | ブラザー工業株式会社 | 画像形成装置 |
| JP2010107538A (ja) * | 2008-10-28 | 2010-05-13 | Seiko Epson Corp | 現像装置、画像形成装置、及び、現像方法 |
| JP5366576B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-04 | 2013-12-11 | 株式会社ミヤコシ | 湿式現像装置 |
| WO2011149680A1 (en) | 2010-05-27 | 2011-12-01 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems, Ltd. | Heater for an automotive vehicle and method of forming same |
| US9191997B2 (en) | 2010-10-19 | 2015-11-17 | Gentherm Gmbh | Electrical conductor |
| DE102012000977A1 (de) | 2011-04-06 | 2012-10-11 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Heizeinrichtung für komplex geformte Oberflächen |
| DE102011121979A1 (de) | 2011-09-14 | 2012-11-22 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Temperier-Einrichtung |
| US10201039B2 (en) | 2012-01-20 | 2019-02-05 | Gentherm Gmbh | Felt heater and method of making |
| DE102012017047A1 (de) | 2012-08-29 | 2014-03-06 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Elektrische Heizeinrichtung |
| DE102012024903A1 (de) | 2012-12-20 | 2014-06-26 | W.E.T. Automotive Systems Ag | Flächengebilde mit elektrischen Funktionselementen |
| JP6291757B2 (ja) * | 2013-09-17 | 2018-03-14 | コニカミノルタ株式会社 | 湿式現像装置および湿式画像形成装置 |
| WO2015060855A1 (en) * | 2013-10-24 | 2015-04-30 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Coater |
| DE102017001097A1 (de) | 2017-02-07 | 2018-08-09 | Gentherm Gmbh | Elektrisch leitfähige Folie |
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- 2000-05-31 DE DE10027173A patent/DE10027173A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-05-31 WO PCT/EP2001/006199 patent/WO2001092959A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2001-05-31 JP JP2002501107A patent/JP2003535372A/ja active Pending
- 2001-05-31 US US10/297,228 patent/US7020420B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-05-31 EP EP01964954A patent/EP1290503A2/de not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0192959A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2003535372A (ja) | 2003-11-25 |
| DE10027173A1 (de) | 2001-12-13 |
| US7020420B2 (en) | 2006-03-28 |
| WO2001092959A3 (de) | 2002-04-25 |
| WO2001092959A2 (de) | 2001-12-06 |
| US20030175048A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
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