EP1279518B1 - Méthode et dispositif de structuration d'une surface en zones hydrophiles et hydrophobes - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif de structuration d'une surface en zones hydrophiles et hydrophobes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1279518B1
EP1279518B1 EP02014819A EP02014819A EP1279518B1 EP 1279518 B1 EP1279518 B1 EP 1279518B1 EP 02014819 A EP02014819 A EP 02014819A EP 02014819 A EP02014819 A EP 02014819A EP 1279518 B1 EP1279518 B1 EP 1279518B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
structuring
printing
modification
gaseous
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP02014819A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1279518A2 (fr
EP1279518A3 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Kreutzkämper
Gotthard Schmid
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP1279518A3 publication Critical patent/EP1279518A3/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
    • B41C1/1008—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme by removal or destruction of lithographic material on the lithographic support, e.g. by laser or spark ablation; by the use of materials rendered soluble or insoluble by heat exposure, e.g. by heat produced from a light to heat transforming system; by on-the-press exposure or on-the-press development, e.g. by the fountain of photolithographic materials
    • B41C1/1016—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme by removal or destruction of lithographic material on the lithographic support, e.g. by laser or spark ablation; by the use of materials rendered soluble or insoluble by heat exposure, e.g. by heat produced from a light to heat transforming system; by on-the-press exposure or on-the-press development, e.g. by the fountain of photolithographic materials characterised by structural details, e.g. protective layers, backcoat layers or several imaging layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
    • B41C1/1008—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme by removal or destruction of lithographic material on the lithographic support, e.g. by laser or spark ablation; by the use of materials rendered soluble or insoluble by heat exposure, e.g. by heat produced from a light to heat transforming system; by on-the-press exposure or on-the-press development, e.g. by the fountain of photolithographic materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
    • B41C1/1075—Mechanical aspects of on-press plate preparation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C1/00—Forme preparation
    • B41C1/10—Forme preparation for lithographic printing; Master sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme
    • B41C1/1083—Mechanical aspects of off-press plate preparation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C2210/00—Preparation or type or constituents of the imaging layers, in relation to lithographic printing forme preparation
    • B41C2210/04—Negative working, i.e. the non-exposed (non-imaged) areas are removed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41C—PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES
    • B41C2210/00—Preparation or type or constituents of the imaging layers, in relation to lithographic printing forme preparation
    • B41C2210/24—Preparation or type or constituents of the imaging layers, in relation to lithographic printing forme preparation characterised by a macromolecular compound or binder obtained by reactions involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. acrylics, vinyl polymers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for structuring a surface, which comprises at least a first layer comprising a polymer, into hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions by producing a latent structure of the first layer by means of an associated modification device for producing a printing form for offset printing.
  • the invention further relates to a device for structuring a surface which comprises at least a first layer comprising a polymer in hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions by producing a latent structure of the first layer for producing a printing forme for offset printing.
  • Printing forms have been used in the graphic arts industry for some time, the surface of which comprises an outer layer of polymer material, in particular polystyrene, styrene copolymers and the like, and an inner layer of metallic material, such as aluminum.
  • Such printing plates are typically structured starting from an unstructured or undifferentiated state for use in offset printing in hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas or partial areas according to the subject to be printed.
  • One common method of structuring involves locally selective modification of the outer layer of the surface by temporally and spatially selective exposure to electromagnetic energy, in particular laser radiation, and subsequent development of the latent structure into hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions by removal, for example using chemicals such as Printing form cleaning agents, the unmodified areas of the outer layer such that hydrophilic areas of the structure are formed substantially by the exposed inner layer of the surface, while the modified areas of the outer layer are the hydrophobic areas of the structure.
  • a printing form whose surface can be patterned into hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions by means of thermal laser energy exposure and subsequent chemical treatment is disclosed, for example, in EP 0 931 647 A1.
  • the surface has in addition to a carboxyl-containing polymer styrene.
  • an anionic dye is provided in or adjacent to the surface.
  • Document EP 0 931 647 A1 discloses a method for producing an offset printing plate. After imagewise exposure of the printing plate to infrared light, the imagewise areas are developed by supplying an aqueous liquid to the surface of the printing plate. This described method can be carried out in particular on the printing form cylinder of a printing unit or within a printing press.
  • DE 44 26 012 C2 further discloses a quenching and hydrophilizing device on a printing unit from the context of erasable, that is, regenerable printing plates. From nozzles, a cleaning liquid, a hydrophilizing agent, can be sprayed either directly onto the printing form or an associated cleaning cloth. At the periphery of the printing form receiving cylinder is provided a Becularungs insightful.
  • imaging processes of printing forms in particular within printing units or printing presses, have in common that the imaging process or the structuring process is essentially based on the interaction of light, be it by thermal or by reaction-triggering action, with the surface of the printing form.
  • an often complex and complex imaging device which comprises one or more light sources, in particular laser light sources, is required.
  • Such an imaging device with laser light sources is associated with not inconsiderable costs both at the time of purchase and in use.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to specify a further method and a further apparatus for structuring a surface into hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions.
  • a printing form for offset printing is characterized in that selectively a gaseous, volatile solvent is supplied as a modifier over at least one exposure time interval on at least a locally limited area of the surface.
  • parameters for the gas flow such as the gas pressure, the flow velocity, the expansion of the flow field and the like, are fixed.
  • a latent structure is understood to mean structuring which comprises the area of the surface having at least two opposing properties.
  • An example of this is the property pair hydrophilic hydrophobicity, also known as oleophobic oleophilicity.
  • latent structure may be a structure which potentially, also referred to as development with the aid of one or more additional process steps, leads to a structure with at least two opposing properties.
  • the latent structure of the method according to the invention will furthermore be at least in a region of the surface developed such that in those areas which have not been selectively modified, the first layer is removed.
  • the second layer preferably comprises aluminum. It is particularly advantageous if the modification device can selectively reach areas of the surface along its two spanning dimensions by translation successively or at least partially in parallel.
  • the first layer of the surface of the printing plate in unstructured state is associated with a Modifkations worn, for example, this assignment is made by an arrangement such that the modification device is opposite to the surface.
  • the printing form on a cylinder in particular a printing form cylinder within a printing unit, be received rotatably about the axis of the cylinder.
  • the modification means may, by translation by suitable means such as actuators, linear drives, spindle drives and the like, selectively reach portions of the surface along its two spanning dimensions successively or at least partially in parallel.
  • the cylinder is associated with a drive for generating a rotational movement about its axis.
  • the structure information associated with this area is provided to the modification facility.
  • the structure information corresponds at least to the structure of the desired printed matter.
  • the gaseous, readily volatile solvent may be an alcohol (R-OH) and / or an aldehyde (R-HO) and / or a ketone (R 1 -CO-R 2 ) and / or an ester (R 1 -COO-R 2 ).
  • R, R 1 or R 2 denotes an aliphatic radical, in particular a hydrocarbon chain, but also an aliphatic radical substituted by further functional groups or an aromatic radical.
  • R, R 1 and R 2 may be identical or different.
  • the latent structure is developed at least in a region of the surface such that in those regions which have not been selectively modified, the first layer is removed. The result is a developed printing form with hydrophilic and hydrophobic areas.
  • the hydrophilic regions are essentially formed by the exposed second layer and the hydrophobic region essentially by the first layer of the printing form modified by the action of the gaseous, highly volatile solvent.
  • the method according to the invention represents a simple and inexpensive way of producing a printing form.
  • electromagnetic energy advantageously emitted by a light source in the form of laser radiation, has or should be at least applied to the locally limited area of the surface which is modified by the supply of the gaseous, volatile solvent, irradiated. It may be provided to provide the electromagnetic energy during the supply of the gaseous, volatile solvent in the localized area.
  • the effective time interval of supplying the gaseous volatile solvent may be substantially coincident or different with the electromagnetic energy exposure time interval. It is understood that the considered intervals may each have several subintervals.
  • the energy provided by the light source at the surface advantageously promotes the effect of the gaseous, volatile solvent on the first layer of the surface.
  • the device according to the invention for patterning a surface which comprises at least one first layer comprising a polymer in hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions by producing a latent structure of the first layer for producing a printing forme for offset printing, is characterized in that a modification device supplying a gaseous, volatile solvent over at least one exposure time interval to a localized area of the surface.
  • the surface comprises at least a first layer comprising polystyrene and a second layer which may be metallic or comprises polyester.
  • a printing form for offset printing is characterized in that a modification device feeds a gaseous, readily volatile solvent over at least one exposure time interval onto a locally limited area of the surface of the printing plate.
  • the device may comprise a control unit or be connected to a control unit. At the latest before the modification of each selective area, structure information associated with the control unit is provided at the modification facility.
  • means for generating a relative movement for example by actuators, spindle drives, servomotors, linear motors and the like, between the modification device and the surface of the printing forme are provided. It is particularly advantageous if the modification device reaches at least two locally limited areas of the surface in time and in space. This makes it possible to reduce the time for modification of areas on the entire surface by parallel processing.
  • a light source preferably a laser light source
  • electromagnetic energy to at least one locally limited one Area of the surface, in particular on the modifiable localized area of the surface, irradiates.
  • the gaseous, readily volatile solvent comprises ethanol (C 2 H 5 -OH) and / or 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone and / or 3-butoxy-2-propanol and / or ethanal (C 2 H 5 -HO) and / or acetone (CH 3 -CO-CH 3 ) and / or ethyl acetate (CH 3 -COO-C 2 H 5 ).
  • the device according to the invention for structuring a surface can advantageously be used in a printing plate setter or in a printing unit, a so-called direct-imaging printing unit.
  • a printing machine according to the invention which typically comprises a feeder, one or more printing units, and a delivery for the processing of sheets for the processing of paper webs comprises a roll changer, at least one printing unit, a dryer and a folder, is characterized by at least one printing unit, which has at least one inventive device for structuring a surface.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention for structuring a surface on the basis of four partial images.
  • a printing form 10 with a first layer 12 and a second layer 14 is shown.
  • the first layer 12 can also be referred to as the outer layer
  • the second layer 14 also as an inner layer.
  • the printing form 10 may also comprise further layers in their depth on their surface or be accommodated on a support. For the method according to the invention, it is essentially irrelevant whether the printing form is flat or curved.
  • the first layer 12 has polystyrene.
  • polystyrene is to be understood as meaning both substantially pure polystyrene and styrene copolymers, for example polymers containing carboxyl groups.
  • the second layer 14 may be metallic, preferably comprises aluminum.
  • An alternative material that has proven advantageous is polyester.
  • FIG. 1b shows how the printing form 10 with the first layer 12 is arranged above the second layer 14 with respect to a modification device 16 is.
  • a gaseous, readily volatile solvent 18, comprising the substances described above, is localized, for example through outlet nozzles, to a region of the printing form 10.
  • the gaseous, readily volatile solvent 18 is supplied to the surface of the printing forme 10 by means of flexible conduits, such as hoses or the like. The action of the gaseous, selective solvent 18 results in a modified surface 110.
  • the double arrows indicate a first direction of translation 112 and a second direction of translation 114, into which the modification device 16 is movable relative to the printing plate 10 in such a way that regions of the surface are selectively along of the two, the printing form spanning dimensions can be achieved successively.
  • the modification device 16 is preferably linked to a control unit 118 by means of a connection for exchanging data and / or control signals 116, which may also be partially wireless.
  • the control unit 118 provides structure information at the modification device 16 to the area to be modified.
  • a latent structure produced by means of the modification device 16, formed from a number of modified surfaces 110, is shown on and / or in the first layer 12 of the printing form 10.
  • the effect of the gaseous, volatile solvent is directed to the first layer 12 of the printing plate 10, but also an increase in the adhesion of the first layer 12 on the second layer 14 of the printing plate 10 can be achieved.
  • the latent structure corresponds to the hydrophobic portion of the image-wise structuring, that is to say comprises hydrophobic areas of the surface of the printing form that carry ink in offset printing.
  • the first layer 12 is removed in those areas which have not been selectively modified. Removal of the first, unmodified layer 12 is possible, for example, by the use of a cleaning liquid, a common printing form cleaning agent. Due to the modification of the first layer 12 in the According to the method of the invention, a number of modified surfaces 110 remain on the printing form while the second layer 14 is exposed.
  • the second layer 14 has the function of hydrophilic areas in offset printing. The process according to the invention in hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions is shown schematically in the partial image 1d of FIG.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of the device according to the invention with the advantageous development of an additional light source.
  • a printing form 10 having a first layer 12 and a second layer 14 is shown.
  • the printing form 10 is arranged opposite a modification device 16.
  • the modification device 16 supplies locally limited, temporally and spatially selectively a gaseous, readily volatile solvent 18 to a region of the printing form 10.
  • the result is a modified surface 110 on the printing form 10.
  • the modification device 16 is a first translation direction 112 and a second translation direction 114 relative to the printing forme 10 movable.
  • the modification device 16 is assigned a light source 20, preferably a laser light source, in particular emitting in the infrared wavelength range.
  • a light beam 22 illuminates at least the area of the printing form 10, which is modified by the action of the gaseous, readily volatile solvent 18, so that a modified surface 110 is produced.
  • FIG. 3 schematically relates to two arrangements of embodiments within a printing form exposer or a printing unit of the device according to the invention.
  • an arrangement is shown, as may preferably be realized in a printing unit, in which the printing form 10 with the first layer 12 and the second layer 14 is accommodated on a cylinder 30.
  • the cylinder 30 is rotatable about its axis 32 in the direction of rotation 34.
  • the modification device 16 Associated with the first layer 12 of the printing plate 10 is the modification device 16, which is movable along the translation direction 36 substantially parallel relative to the axis 32 of the cylinder 30. In combination of the rotational movement and the translational movement, all points on the surface of the printing form 10 can be reached by the modification device 16 become.
  • the printing form 10 with the first layer 12 and the second layer 14 is concave, so that the associated, located on a shaft 38 modification device 16 by moving in the translation direction 36 substantially parallel to the direction defined by the shaft 38 and through Rotation in the direction of rotation 34 reaches around the axis defined by the shaft 38 all points of the surface of the printing plate 10.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of two embodiments of the device according to the invention for the simultaneous modification of more than one area of the first layer of the surface.
  • a number of modification devices 16 here by way of example and without restriction of the generality, seven modification devices 16 are shown which are associated with the first layer 12 of the printing form 10 received on the cylinder 30 with first layer 12 and second layer 14 opposite one another ,
  • the cylinder 30 is rotatable about its axis 32 in the direction of rotation 34.
  • the number of modifiers 16 is implemented as integrated modifier 40.
  • this embodiment of the device according to the invention comprises an integrated modification device 40, which has a plurality of modular modification devices 16 for supplying a gaseous, volatile solvent to a locally limited area of the surface of the printing plate 10.
  • a number of modification devices 16, here by way of example four, which are arranged opposite the printing form 10 received on the cylinder 30, can be provided.
  • Each partial areas of the total area of the printing form 10 are achieved by a modification device 16 and imagewise exposed to the gaseous, volatile solvent 18.
  • a parallel or simultaneous modification of at least two regions of the surface of the printing form 10 is possible at least in part.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Printing Plates And Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Manufacture Or Reproduction Of Printing Formes (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Materials For Photolithography (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Photosensitive Polymer And Photoresist Processing (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé de structuration d'une surface (10) qui comporte au moins une première couche (12) comprenant un polymère, en zones hydrophiles et hydrophobes, par réalisation d'une structure latente de la première couche (12) au moyen d'un dispositif modificateur (16) associé, en vue de la fabrication d'une forme d'impression (10) pour l'impression offset,
    caractérisé par l'amenée sélective d'un solvant (18) gazeux, aisément volatil, en tant qu'agent modificateur, pendant au moins un intervalle de temps d'action, sur au moins une zone localement limitée de la surface (10).
  2. Procédé de structuration d'une surface comportant au moins une première couche (12) et une deuxième couche (14), selon la revendication 1, la première couche (12) comprenant du polystyrène et la deuxième couche (14) étant métallique ou comprenant du polyester,
    caractérisé par le développement de la structure latente au moins dans une zone de la surface, de façon telle que dans les zones qui n'ont pas été modifiées sélectivement, la première couche (12) soit supprimée.
  3. Procédé de structuration d'une surface selon la revendication 1 ou 2,
    caractérisé par une translation du dispositif modificateur (16) de façon telle que le dispositif modificateur (16) puisse atteindre sélectivement des zones de la surface le long de leurs deux dimensions qui définissent celle-ci, successivement ou au moins partiellement en parallèle.
  4. Procédé de structuration d'une surface selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par l'envoi d'un rayonnement d'énergie électromagnétique (22) au moins sur la zone localement limitée de la surface.
  5. Procédé de structuration d'une surface selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé par l'envoi d'un rayonnement d'énergie électromagnétique pendant l'amenée du solvant gazeux aisément volatil.
  6. Dispositif pour la structuration d'une surface (10) qui comporte au moins une première couche (12) comprenant un polymère, en zones hydrophiles et hydrophobes, par réalisation d'une structure latente de la première couche (12) au moyen d'un dispositif modificateur (16) associé, en vue de la fabrication d'une forme d'impression (10) pour l'impression offset,
    caractérisé en ce qu'un dispositif modificateur (16) amène un solvant gazeux (18) aisément volatil, pendant au moins un intervalle de temps d'action, sur une zone localement limitée de la surface.
  7. Dispositif pour la structuration d'une surface (10) selon la revendication 6,
    caractérisé en ce que la surface (10) comporte au moins une première couche (12) qui comprend du polystyrène, et une deuxième couche (14) qui est métallique ou comprend du polyester.
  8. Dispositif pour la structuration d'une surface selon la revendication 6 ou 7,
    caractérisé en ce que le dispositif modificateur (16) atteint en parallèle dans le temps et dans l'espace au moins deux zones localement limitées de la surface.
  9. Dispositif pour la structuration d'une surface selon l'unes des revendications 6, 7 ou 8,
    caractérisé en ce qu'une source de lumière envoie de l'énergie électromagnétique (22) sur au moins la zone localement limitée de la surface.
  10. Dispositif pour la structuration d'une surface selon l'unes des revendications 6 à 9,
    caractérisé en ce qu'une unité de commande (118) fournit au dispositif modificateur, au plus tard avant la modification, une information de structure affectée à chaque zone sélective.
  11. Dispositif pour la structuration d'une surface selon l'unes des revendications 6 à 10,
    caractérisé en ce que le solvant gazeux (18), aisément volatil, comprend un alcool (R-OH) et/ou un aldéhyde (R-HO) et/ou un cétone (R1-CO-R2) et/ou un ester (R1-COO-R2), R, R1, R2 désignant un reste aliphatique, notamment une chaine d'hydrocarbures, mais également un reste aliphatique substitué avec d'autres groupes fonctionnels ou un reste aromatique, et R, R1, R2 étant identiques ou différents.
  12. Dispositif pour la structuration d'une surface selon l'unes des revendications 6 à 11,
    caractérisé en ce que le solvant gazeux (18), aisément volatil, comprend de l'éthanol (C2H5-OH) et/ou 4-hydroxy-4-méthyle-2-pentanol et/ou 3-butoxy-2-propanol et/ou de l'éthanal (C2H5-HO) et/ou de l'acétone (CH3-CO-CH3) et/ou de l'éther acétique (CH3-COO-C2H5) .
  13. Appareil d'exposition ou d'irradiation de forme d'impression,
    caractérisé par au moins un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 12.
  14. Groupe d'impression,
    caractérisé par au moins un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 12.
  15. Machine à imprimer,
    caractérisée par au moins un groupe d'impression selon la revendication 14.
EP02014819A 2001-07-25 2002-07-03 Méthode et dispositif de structuration d'une surface en zones hydrophiles et hydrophobes Expired - Lifetime EP1279518B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10136068 2001-07-25
DE10136068A DE10136068A1 (de) 2001-07-25 2001-07-25 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Strukturierung einer Oberfläche in hydrophile und hydrophobe Bereiche

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1279518A2 EP1279518A2 (fr) 2003-01-29
EP1279518A3 EP1279518A3 (fr) 2003-11-05
EP1279518B1 true EP1279518B1 (fr) 2006-10-11

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EP (1) EP1279518B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4280471B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN1289317C (fr)
AT (1) ATE342173T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2386593A1 (fr)
CZ (1) CZ20021720A3 (fr)
DE (2) DE10136068A1 (fr)
HK (1) HK1053447A1 (fr)
IL (1) IL150859A (fr)

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KR101886699B1 (ko) * 2015-11-06 2018-08-10 한국생산기술연구원 인쇄툴, 인쇄툴의 제조방법 및 이의 인쇄툴에 의하여 제조된 전자회로
US10168423B2 (en) * 2017-01-27 2019-01-01 Waymo Llc LIDAR sensor window configuration for improved data integrity

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IL150859A (en) 2005-09-25
CN1289317C (zh) 2006-12-13
DE10136068A1 (de) 2003-02-13
IL150859A0 (en) 2003-02-12
EP1279518A2 (fr) 2003-01-29
EP1279518A3 (fr) 2003-11-05
DE50208385D1 (de) 2006-11-23
JP2003107691A (ja) 2003-04-09
CA2386593A1 (fr) 2003-01-25
CN1398726A (zh) 2003-02-26
CZ20021720A3 (cs) 2003-03-12
JP4280471B2 (ja) 2009-06-17
HK1053447A1 (en) 2003-10-24
ATE342173T1 (de) 2006-11-15

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