EP1270328A2 - Mehrfunktionschalter - Google Patents

Mehrfunktionschalter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1270328A2
EP1270328A2 EP02013969A EP02013969A EP1270328A2 EP 1270328 A2 EP1270328 A2 EP 1270328A2 EP 02013969 A EP02013969 A EP 02013969A EP 02013969 A EP02013969 A EP 02013969A EP 1270328 A2 EP1270328 A2 EP 1270328A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnet
hall effect
lever
effect sensor
combination switch
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02013969A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1270328A3 (de
Inventor
Toshiki Sugiyama
Takashi Sakabe
Takashi Satoh
Akira Serizawa
Yoichi Kondo
Yuji Migimatsu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Yazaki Corp
Original Assignee
Yazaki Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Yazaki Corp filed Critical Yazaki Corp
Publication of EP1270328A2 publication Critical patent/EP1270328A2/de
Publication of EP1270328A3 publication Critical patent/EP1270328A3/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/02—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments
    • B60Q1/04—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights
    • B60Q1/14—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights having dimming means
    • B60Q1/1446—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights having dimming means controlled by mechanically actuated switches
    • B60Q1/1453—Hand actuated switches
    • B60Q1/1461—Multifunction switches for dimming headlights and controlling additional devices, e.g. for controlling direction indicating lights
    • B60Q1/1469—Multifunction switches for dimming headlights and controlling additional devices, e.g. for controlling direction indicating lights controlled by or attached to a single lever, e.g. steering column stalk switches
    • B60Q1/1476—Multifunction switches for dimming headlights and controlling additional devices, e.g. for controlling direction indicating lights controlled by or attached to a single lever, e.g. steering column stalk switches comprising switch controlling means located near the free end of the lever, e.g. press buttons, rotatable rings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q—ARRANGEMENT OF SIGNALLING OR LIGHTING DEVICES, THE MOUNTING OR SUPPORTING THEREOF OR CIRCUITS THEREFOR, FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60Q1/00—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor
    • B60Q1/02—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments
    • B60Q1/04—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights
    • B60Q1/14—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights having dimming means
    • B60Q1/1446—Arrangement of optical signalling or lighting devices, the mounting or supporting thereof or circuits therefor the devices being primarily intended to illuminate the way ahead or to illuminate other areas of way or environments the devices being headlights having dimming means controlled by mechanically actuated switches
    • B60Q1/1453—Hand actuated switches
    • B60Q1/1461—Multifunction switches for dimming headlights and controlling additional devices, e.g. for controlling direction indicating lights
    • B60Q1/1469—Multifunction switches for dimming headlights and controlling additional devices, e.g. for controlling direction indicating lights controlled by or attached to a single lever, e.g. steering column stalk switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/965—Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch
    • H03K17/97—Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch using a magnetic movable element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/94—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the way in which the control signals are generated
    • H03K17/965—Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch
    • H03K17/97—Switches controlled by moving an element forming part of the switch using a magnetic movable element
    • H03K2017/9713—Multiposition, e.g. involving comparison with different thresholds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K2217/00—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00
    • H03K2217/94—Indexing scheme related to electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making or -breaking covered by H03K17/00 characterised by the way in which the control signal is generated
    • H03K2217/94057—Rotary switches
    • H03K2217/94068—Rotary switches with magnetic detection

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a combination switch for turning a headlight and a turn signal on, driving a wiper, and other operations for a vehicle.
  • Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11(1999)-265639 discloses a combination switch having a contact point to be switched on/off by an operation of a control lever, i.e., back-and-forth or up-and-down swinging of a control lever relative to a steering column of a vehicle, or rotation of the control knob provided at a tip of the control lever.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a combination switch which is reliable, durable, smooth to operate, and easy to assemble.
  • a first aspect of the present invention is a combination switch comprising: a lever member operable to move relative to a stationary portion; and a position detector for detecting a position of the lever member, comprising a magnet and a Hall effect sensor for detecting a strength of a magnetic field of the magnet, the magnet and the Hall effect sensor being configured to have variable relative positions to each other as the lever member moves.
  • the relative positions of the magnet and the Hall effect sensor are changed as the lever member moves, and the change of a relative position is detected by the Hall effect sensor.
  • Non-contact detection of the position of the lever member by the magnet and the Hall effect sensor makes the combination switch reliable, durable, smooth to operate, and easy to assemble.
  • a second aspect of the present invention is the combination switch according to the first aspect, wherein the lever member moves in a plurality of patterns, and the position detector for each of the patterns detects the position of the lever member in the pattern.
  • position detection of the lever member in all the patterns can be carried out in non-contact.
  • a third aspect of the present invention is the combination switch according to the first aspect, wherein the Hall effect sensor outputs linear or nonlinear characteristics to a magnetic field strength to be detected, in dependence to a position changing quantity of the lever member.
  • the output is in dependence to the position changing quantity of the lever member.
  • a relation between the position of the lever member and the output from the Hall effect sensor is simple, and the output from the Hall effect sensor is suitable for being processed.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention is the combination switch according to the third aspect, wherein the Hall effect sensor is a programmable Hall effect sensor capable of 2-point calibration for adjusting output values from the Hall effect sensor to provide a variable output range.
  • the Hall effect sensor is a programmable Hall effect sensor capable of 2-point calibration for adjusting output values from the Hall effect sensor to provide a variable output range.
  • the linear or nonlinear conversion can be carried out to obtain the output in a range according to the moving range of the lever member, and having an output characteristic matching the detection level of the control circuit. Changes of the microcomputer or programs for converting positional information of the lever member into a control signal for a corresponding vehicle function are eliminated, or reduced to a minimum.
  • a fifth aspect of the present invention is the combination switch according to the first aspect, wherein the Hall effect sensor includes one or more of Hall elements lined up in a direction of movement of the Hall effect sensor relative to the magnetic field of the magnet, each of the Hall elements outputs binary values or codes to be used to obtain a positional information of the lever member.
  • positional information of the lever member can be obtained from binary output values or codes of the Hall effect sensor, thereby simplifying a circuitry of the control circuit.
  • a sixth aspect of the present invention is the combination switch according to the first aspect, wherein the magnet has a cylindrical shape, an inner periphery thereof is magnetized S and N alternately in a circumferential direction, and the Hall effect sensor is disposed inside the magnet and configured to rotate relative to the magnet as the lever member moves.
  • the position detector can be constructed with the single Hall effect sensor inside the cylindrical magnet, making it compacts.
  • a seventh aspect of the present invention is the combination switch according to the first aspect, wherein the magnet has a plate shape and is perpendicularly magnetized, and the Hall effect sensor is disposed above the magnet and configured to move relative to the magnet in a direction perpendicular to the magnet as the lever member moves.
  • the position detector can be constructed with the single Hall effect sensor in a position close to the flat plate magnet, making it compacts.
  • a eighth aspect of the present invention is the combination switch according to the first aspect, wherein the magnet has a cylindrical shape, an outer periphery thereof is magnetized S and N alternately in a circumferential direction, and the Hall effect sensor is disposed outside the magnet and configured to rotate relative to the magnet as the lever member moves.
  • the position detector can be constructed with the single Hall effect sensor outside the cylindrical magnet, making it compacts.
  • a ninth aspect of the present invention is the combination switch according to the first aspect, wherein the magnet has a disk shape and its top or bottom face is alternately magnetized S and N in a circumferential direction thereof, and the Hall effect sensor is disposed in proximity to the magnet and configured to rotate relative to the magnet as the lever member moves.
  • the position detector can be constructed with the single Hall effect sensor near the top or bottom face of the disk-shaped magnet, making it compacts.
  • a tenth aspect of the present invention is a combination switch comprising: a lever body of a lever member operable to swing in two directions relative to a stationary portion; andposition detectors for detecting a swing position of the lever body in the two directions, the detected swing position being set as control information of various operation units, wherein one position detector comprises a cylindrical magnet disposed around a swing axis of the lever body, and a magnetometric sensor for detecting a magnetic field strength of the magnet, the magnet and the magnetometric sensor being rotatable to have a variable relative position to each other as the lever body swings, and the other position detector comprises a cylindrical magnet, and a magnetometric sensor for detecting a magnetic field strength of the magnet, movable in an axial direction of the magnet to have a variable relative position inside the magnet as the lever body swings.
  • the relative positions of the magnet and the magnetometric sensor are changed as the lever body swings, and the change of a relative position is detected by the magnetometric sensor in non-contact.
  • Cylindrical magnets are used to detect swing positions of the lever body in two directions, thus magnet costs can be reduced.
  • a eleventh aspect of the present invention is a combination switch comprising: a lever body of a lever member operable to swing in two directions relative to a stationary portion; a control knob rotatably provided on the lever body; a first position detector for detecting a rotation position of the control knob; and second and third position detectors for detecting a swing position of the lever body in the two directions, the detected swing position being set as control information of various operation units, wherein the first position detector comprises a cylindrical magnet disposed around a rotation axis of the control knob, and a magnetometric sensor for detecting a magnetic field strength of the magnet, the magnet and the magnetometric sensor being rotatable to have a variable relative position to each other as the control knob rotates, the second position detector comprises a cylindrical magnet disposed around a swing axis of the lever body, and a magnetometric sensor for detecting a magnetic field strength of the magnet, the magnet and the magnetometric sensor being rotatable to have a variable relative position to each other as the lever body swings, and
  • magnets used at the first, second and third position detectors are in similar shapes and can be made with a common metallic mold, thus reducing costs.
  • a twelfth aspect of the present invention is the combination switch according to the eleventh aspect, wherein the lever body is supported on a lever supporting member so as to be swingable in a first swinging direction relative to the stationary portion, and the lever supporting member is swingable in a second swinging direction orthogonal to the first swinging direction.
  • the lever body is swung only in two directions orthogonal to each other with respect to the stationary portion.
  • certainty of operability thereof can be improved.
  • a thirteenth aspect of the present invention is the combination switch according to the twelfth aspect, further comprising one-direction transmitting means for transmitting swing in the first swinging direction of the lever body without transmitting swing in the second swinging direction of the lever body, the one-direction transmitting means moving the magnetometric sensor relative to the magnet of the third position detector.
  • the magnetometric sensor of the third position detector can be moved relative to the magnet irrespective of the position of the lever body in the second swinging direction. Irrespective of whether the lever body is operated in the second swinging direction or rot, a range of the swing of the lever body in the first swinging direction is kept constant, thus giving no uncomfortable feelings to a driver.
  • a fourteenth aspect of the present invention is the combination switch according to the tenth aspect, wherein the magnetometric sensor outputs linear or nonlinear characteristics to a magnetic field strength to be detected, in dependence to a position changing quantity of the lever body.
  • the output is in dependence to a position changing quantity of the lever body.
  • a relation between the position of the lever body and the output from the Hall effect sensor is simple, and the output from the Hall effect sensor is suitable for being processed.
  • a fifteenth aspect of the present invention is the combination switch according to the tenth aspect, wherein the magnetometric sensor is a programmable magnetometric sensor capable of 2-point calibration for adjusting output values thereof to provide a variable output range.
  • the linear or nonlinear conversion can be carried out to obtain the output in a range according to the moving range of the lever member, and having an output characteristic matching the detection level of the control circuit. Changes of the microcomputer or programs for converting positional information of the lever member into a control signal for a corresponding vehicle function are eliminated, or reduced to a minimum.
  • Figs. 1 to 12 show a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • a combination switch 1 includes a control lever 3 (as a lever member) extended from a steering column 2 as a stationary portion, and this control lever 3 includes a lever body 4 and a control knob 5.
  • the combination switch 1 is constructed such that the entire control lever 3 can be swung in an up-and-down direction of a vehicle ( ⁇ direction of Fig. 1), and in a back-and-forth direction of the vehicle ( ⁇ direction of Fig. 1), and the control knob 5 of the control lever 3 can be rotated with respect to the lever body 4 ( ⁇ direction of Fig. 1). Movement of the control lever 3 is detected by each of position detectors A1, A2 and A3, and a result of the detection is used to control various portions of the vehicle.
  • the combination switch 1 is described in detail.
  • the control lever 3 extended from the steering column 2 includes the lever body 4, and the control knob 5 rotatably provided at a tip of the lever body 4.
  • the First position detector A1 is provided inside the control knob 5 and the lever body 4.
  • the first position detector A1 fixed to the control knob 5 includes a cylindrical first magnet 6 rotated together with the control knob 5, and a first Hall effect sensor 8 in an internal space of the first magnet 6 fixed through a substrate holder 7 to the lever body 4.
  • the first Hall effect sensor 8 is fixed on a substrate 9 which is fixed to the substrate holder 7.
  • the first Hall effect sensor 8 detects and converts a magnetic field strength into a voltage to output.
  • a second Hall effect sensor 17 or the like described below functions similarly.
  • the first magnet 6 has its axis set to match with a rotation axis of the control knob 5.
  • a rotation of the control knob 5 changes relative rotational positions of the first magnet 6 and the first Hall effect sensor 8.
  • a detection output of the first Hall effect sensor 8 is led to a control circuit (not shown) for turning a headlight on or the like, and used for controlling the turning the headlight on.
  • a base end part of the lever body 4 is rotatably supported by a lever supporting member 11 via a pin 10.
  • the lever supporting member 11 has a shaft portion 11a extending in a direction orthogonal to the pin 10.
  • the shaft portion 11a is supported on respective bearings 12a and 13a of a case 12 and an upper cover 13.
  • the control lever 3 is swung up and down together with the lever supporting member 11.
  • the second position detector A2 includes a cylindrical second magnet 15 fixed through a magnet holder 14 to the shaft portion 11a of the lever supporting member 11, and a second Hall effect sensor 17 in the second magnet 15 provided on a substrate 16 fixed to the case 12.
  • the second magnet 15 has its axis set to match with an axis of the shaft portion 11a of the lever supporting member 11, and up-and-down swinging of the control lever 3 changes relative rotation positions of the second magnet 15 and the second Hall effect sensor 17.
  • the constitution of the second magnet 15 and the second Hall effect sensor 17 will be detailed later.
  • a detection output of the second Hall effect sensor 17 is led to a control circuit (not shown) for turning a turn signal on, driving a wiper or the like.
  • the third position detector A3 includes a fan-like flat plate third magnet 20 fixed to the base end part of the lever body 4, and a third Hall effect sensor 21 close to an upper surface of the third magnet 20, provided on the substrate 16 fixed to the case 12.
  • the control lever 3 is swung back and forth of the vehicle, the base end side of the lever body 4 is swung around the pin 10. This swinging changes a distance between the third magnet 20 and the third Hall effect sensor 21.
  • the constitution of the third magnet 20 and the third Hall effect sensor 21 will be detailed later.
  • a detection output of the third Hall effect sensor 21 is led to a control circuit (not shown) for passing (or flashing), driving a washer or the like.
  • the magnets 6 and 15 of the first and second position detectors A1 and A2 are magnetized in parallel in a diameter direction, or magnetized in a radial direction. In central regions of internal spaces of the magnets 6 and 15, parallel magnetic fields are obtained in directions perpendicular to rational axes.
  • the first and second Hall effect sensors 8 and 17 approximate central regions in the magnets 6 and 15 are set as detection points, and an X direction of Fig. 3A is set as a direction of magnetic field to be detected.
  • a magnetic field strength of each of the Hall effect sensors 8 and 17 has an SIN waveform similar to that shown in Fig. 4.
  • each of the Hall effect sensors 8 and 17 is a linear Hall effect sensor, an output of an SIN waveform similar to that indicated by a chain line shown in Fig. 5 is obtained. If each of the Hall effect sensors 8 and 17 is a nonlinear Hall effect sensor having an SIN waveform-linear waveform conversion characteristic, an output of a triangular waveform similar to that indicated by a solid line in Fig. 5 is obtained. Operation rotation angles of the control knob 5 and the control lever 3 in a vehicle up-and-down direction are less than 180°. Thus, for example, if a range of 90 to 270° in Fig. 5 is set as a range of rotation angle of the control knob 5 or that of the control lever 3 in the vehicle up-and-down direction, detection outputs are obtained from the Hall effect sensors 8 and 17 according to rotation positions.
  • the first hall effect sensor 8 the above-described nonlinear Hall effect sensor is used, and a 2-point calibrated programmable Hall effect sensor is used, which can variably set output characteristics according to set levels by setting desired detection levels for detection points of two places.
  • An angle detection range of the control knob 5 is 60°. Accordingly, by setting ⁇ 30° from a position of a magnetic field 0 (rotation angle: 180°) in Fig. 4 as an angle detection range, the first magnet 6 and the first Hall effect sensor 8 are assembled. Then, in a rotation range of 0 to 60°, as shown in Fig.
  • the Hall effect sensor 8 is calibrated so as to output by 1.0 to 4.0 V.
  • an output waveform changed linearly with respect to a rotation angle is obtained.
  • This output voltage is divided by the number of times of operating a switch (i.e., divided into 3 parts), and the control circuit (not shown) is programmed to correspond to turning the light OFF in a range of an A output range, a tail lamp/width indicator in a range of a B output voltage, and turning the headlight ON in a range of a C output voltage.
  • the constitution of the second position detector A2 can be similarly set.
  • the magnet 20 of the third position detector A3 has S and N poles magnetized in a fan-like flat plate thickness direction.
  • a magnetic field strength in a direction (Z direction in Fig. 8) away from a nearest position on the magnetic 20 exhibits a characteristic of a magnetic field strength represented by a quadratic function as shown in Fig. 9.
  • the Hall effect sensor 21 is installed in parallel to the upper surface of the magnet 20, and arranged to be moved in the Z direction of Fig. 8. Accordingly, if the Hall effect sensor 21 is a linear Hall effect sensor, an output of a quadratic function waveform similar to that shown in Fig. 9 is obtained.
  • the Hall effect sensor 21 is a nonlinear Hall effect sensor of a quadratic function waveform-linear waveform conversion type, an output of a linear waveform similar to that shown in Fig. 7 is obtained. Then, as in the case of the first and second position detectors A1 and A2, the output waveform is divided by the number of times of operating the switch, and the control circuit (not shown) is programmed to drive the operation unit in each output voltage range.
  • relative positions between the magnets 6, 15 and 20 and the Hall effect sensors 8, 17 and 21 can be varied by the movement of the control lever 3, and changes in magnetic field intensities following such relative position changes are detected by the Hall effect sensors 8, 17 and 21. Since the moving position of the control lever 3 can be detected in non-contact, reliability including durability can be improved, and high operability can be provided. Moreover, no high assembling accuracy is required for the position detectors A1, A2 and A3.
  • the movement of the control lever 3 has a plurality of patterns (3 patterns), and the position detectors A1, A2 and A3 for the movement of the control lever 3 of the respective patterns all include the magnets 6, 15 and 20, and the Hall effect sensors 8, 17 and 21. Accordingly, since position detection of the control lever 3 based on all the operation patterns of the control lever 3 can be carried out in non-contact, reliability including durability can be improved for all the operations of the control lever 3, and high operability can be provided. Moreover, no high assembling accuracy is required for the position detectors A1, A2 and A3.
  • the nonlinear Hall effect sensors are used, in which outputs nonlinear characteristics to the detected magnetic field strength characteristics, and from these nonlinear Hall effect sensors, outputs linear to a position changing quantity of the control lever 3 are obtained. Since the detection outputs linear to the position changes of the control lever 3 are obtained, it is possible to easily grasped a relation between the position of the control lever 3 and each of the Hall effect sensors 8, 17 and 21, facilitating processing (program setting processing to the control circuit or the like) of the detection signals of the Hall effect sensors 8, 17 and 21.
  • the 2-point calibrated programmable Hall effect sensors are used, in which desired output levels are set for detection points of two places, and thus output characteristic can be variably set according to the set levels. Accordingly, in cases where the moving range of the control lever 3 is varied, the steering column 2 is shared by left-hand steering and right-hand steering vehicles, detection levels of the control circuit for taking in the detection outputs of the Hall effect sensors 8, 17 and 21 are varied or the like, detection outputs of output characteristics can be outputted in a range according to the moving range of the control lever 3, and according to the detection level of the control circuit.
  • the Hall effect sensors 8, 17 and 21 can be made compatible to a change from the left-hand steering vehicle to the right-hand steering vehicle, or functions of various types of vehicles.
  • Fig. 10 shows an output characteristic of the 2-point calibrated Hall effect sensor for the first type of vehicle. If a change is made from the vehicle type of such an output characteristic to the second type of vehicle having a wide rotation range of the control lever 3 shown in Fig. 1, by performing predetermined 2-point calibration, an output of the Hall effect sensor at each function (automatic, tail lamp or headlight) can be made similar to that of the first type of vehicle of Fig. 10. Also, as shown in Fig.
  • the magnets 6 and 15 of the first and second position detectors A1 and A2 are cylindrical, and magnetized in parallel in a diameter direction or magnetized in a radial direction.
  • the Hall effect sensors 8 and 17 are disposed inside the magnets 6 and 15.
  • the magnets 6 and 15 and the Hall effect sensors 8 and 17 are rotated and moved relative to each other by the movement of the control lever 3. Accordingly, since it is only necessary to dispose the cylindrical magnets 6 and 15, and the single Hall effect sensors 8 and 17 therein, the position detectors A1 and A2 can be constructed by using only the single Hall effect sensors 8 and 17, and made compact.
  • the magnet 20 of the third position detector A3 has a flat plate shape, and S and N poles are magretized in its thickness direction.
  • the Hall effect sensor 21 is disposed in a near position on the flat plate of the magnet 20.
  • the magnet 20 and the Hall effect sensor 21 are moved relative to each other in the far-and-near direction by the movement of the control lever 3.
  • the position detector A3 can be constructed by using only the single Hall effect sensor 21, and made compact.
  • Figs. 13A to 16 show a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the second embodiment provides a constitution of first and second position detectors A1 and A2 different from those of the first embodiment.
  • a magnet 30 has a cylindrical shape, and S and N poles, totally 6 poles, alternately magnetized in a circumferential direction thereof. That is, a width of magnetization per pole is 60°.
  • a Hall effect sensor 31 includes two hall elements 31a and 31b disposed in positions shifted with respect to a rotation direction of the magnet 30 (i.e., moving direction corresponding to movement of a control lever). These hall elements 31a and 31b output binary values (Hi, and Lo) or codes according to magnetic field intensities. As shown in Fig.
  • shifting quantities of the two hall elements 31a and 31b are set to ⁇ /4 (or 3 ⁇ /4, 5 ⁇ /4) to a magnetization pitch ⁇ . Accordingly, as shown in Fig. 13A, output waveforms of the two elements 31a and 31b are phase-shifted by only 90°. Detection outputs of the hall elements 31a and 31b are led to the control circuit (not shown). At the control circuit, positional information is obtained by combining the binary outputs of the hall elements 31a and 31b.
  • the control circuit (not shown) is programmed to correspond to turning the light OFF in an Lo-Lo output voltage range, tail lamp/width indicator in an Hi-Lo output voltage range, turning the headlight on in an Hi-Hi output voltage range, and no assignment in an Lo-Hi output voltage range.
  • 3-stage switching is carried out, and thus one stage remains.
  • 4-stage switching can be carried out, e.g., OFF-INT-Slow-Fast.
  • the Hall effect sensor 31 includes the plurality of hall elements 31a and 31b, which are disposed in the positions shifted in the moving direction corresponding to the movement of the control lever, and output binary values according to magnetic field intensities. By combining the binary outputs of the hall elements 31a and 31b, positional information is obtained.
  • positional information of the control lever can be obtained from the binary output values from the Hall effect sensor 31, position determination is easy at the control circuit (not shown), and circuitry can be simplified.
  • the two hall elements 31a and 31b are provided by being shifted. However, if 3 or more hall elements are disposed by being shifted so as to obtain phase-shifted outputs, 6 or more stages of switching can be carried out.
  • Fig. 17 shows a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the third embodiment provides a constitution of first and second position detectors A1 and A2 different from those of the first embodiment.
  • a magnet 32 has a cylindrical shape, and S and N poles. totally 6 poles, alternately magnetized in a circumferential direction thereof. That is, a width of magnetization per pole is 60°.
  • a Hall effect sensor 33 is disposed in a near position outside the cylindrical magnet 32. The magnet 32 and the Hall effect sensor 33 are configured so as to be rotated and moved relative to each other by a movement of a control lever.
  • the position detector can be constructed by using only the single Hall effect sensor 33.
  • Fig. 18 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • the fourth embodiment provides a constitution of first and second position detectors A1 and A2 different from those of the first embodiment.
  • a magnet 34 has a disk shape with top or bottom face magnetized S and N poles, totally 6 poles, alternately in a circumferential direction thereof. That is, a width of magnetization per pole is 60°.
  • a Hall effect sensor 35 is disposed in a near position on the disk of the magnetic 34, and the magnet 34 and the Hall effect sensor 35 are configured so as to be rotated and moved relative to each other by a movement of a control lever.
  • a fourth embodiment provides operations/advantages similar to those of the first embodiment. Also, in the fourth embodiment, since it is only necessary to dispose the disk-shape magnet 34 and the Hall effect sensor 35 in the near position on its surface, the position detector can be constructed by using only the single Hall effect sensor 35, and made compact.
  • the magnets 6, 15 and 20 are provided in the moving side, and the Hall effect sensors 8, 17 and 21 are provided in the fixed side. Accordingly, the magnets 6, 17 and 20 and the Hall effect sensors 8, 17 and 21 are configured to be moved relative to each other in conjunction with the operation of the control lever 3. Conversely, the magnets 6, 17 and 20 may be provided in the fixed side, and the Hall effect sensors 8, 17 and 21 may be provided in the moving side. Preferably, however, the Hall effect sensors 8, 17 and 21 are preferably provided in the fixed side, because of an advantage of easy wiring or the like.
  • left and right combination switches 51a and 51b respectively include control levers 53a and 53b extended left and right from a steering column 52 as a stationary portion.
  • Each of the left and right operation levers 53a and 53b includes a lever body 54 and a control knob 55.
  • the combination switches 51a and 51b are constructed such that the entire left and right control levers 53a and 53b can be swung in an up-and-down direction of a vehicle ( ⁇ direction operation of Fig. 19), and in a back-and-forth direction of the vehicle ( ⁇ direction operation of Fig. 19), and the control knobs 55 of the left and right control levers 53a and 53b can be rotated with respect to the lever main bodies 54 ( ⁇ direction operation of Fig. 19).
  • Movement of the control levers 53a and 53b is detected by each of position detectors B1, B2, B3, C1, C2 and C3, and a result of the detection is used as control information of each of various portions to be operated.
  • position detectors B1, B2, B3, C1, C2 and C3 are described in detail.
  • the control lever 53a extended from the steering column 52 includes the lever body 54, and the control knob 55 rotatably provided at a tip of the lever body 54.
  • the first position detector B1 is provided in the inside constiruted of the control knob 55 and the lever body 54.
  • the first position detector B1 is fixed to the control knob 55, and includes a cylindrical first magnet 56 rotated together with the control knob 55, and a first Hall effect sensor 58 as a magnetometric sensor disposed in an internal space of the first magnet 56, and fixed through a substrate 57 to the lever body 54.
  • the first Hall effect sensor 58 detects a magnetic field strength, and converts this into a voltage and outputs it.
  • a second Hall effect sensor 67 or the like described below functions similarly.
  • the first magnet 56 has its axis set to match with a rotation axis Ra of the control knob 55.
  • a rotation of the control knob 55 changes relative rotation positions of the first magnet 56 and the first Hall effect sensor 58.
  • the constitution of the first magnet 56 and the first Hall effect sensor 58 will be detailed later.
  • a detection output of the first Hall effect sensor 58 is led to a control circuit (not shown) for turning the headlight on or the like, and used for control for turning the headlight on.
  • a lever supporting member 61 is rotatably provided on a base end part of the lever body 54 via a pin 60.
  • the lever supporting member 61 includes a shaft portion 61a extended in a direction orthogonal to the pin 60.
  • the shaft portion 61a is supported on respective bearings 62a and 63a of a case 62 and an upper cover 63. That is, the lever body 54 of the control lever 53a can be swung in a back-and-forth direction of a vehicle (first swinging direction) with the pin 60 as a fulcrum (rotation axis Rc), and also in an up-and-down direction of the vehicle (second swinging direction) with the shaft portion 61a as a fulcrum (rotation axis Rb).
  • this control lever 53a is swung up and down, the lever supporting member 61 is swung integrally.
  • the second position detector B2 includes a cylindrical second magnet 65 fixed through a magnet holder 64 to the shaft portion 61a of the lever supporting member 61, and a second Hall effect sensor 67 as a magnetometric sensor disposed in the second magnet 65, and provided on a substrate 66 fixed to the case 62.
  • the second magnet 65 has its axis set to match with an axis of the shaft portion 61a of the lever supporting member 61, and up-and-down swinging of the control lever 53 changes relative rotation positions of the second magnet 65 and the second Hall effect sensor 67.
  • the constitution of the second magnet 65 and the second Hall effect sensor 67 will be detailed later.
  • a detection output of the second Hall effect sensor 67 is led to a control circuit (not shown) for turning a turn signal on, and used for turning the turn signal on or the like.
  • a magnet operation lever 68 is provided on a base end part of the lever body 54, and a tip of the magnet operation lever 68 is engaged with an engaging groove 69a of a magnet holder 69.
  • the engaging groove 69a of the magnet holder 69 is extended in the up-and-down direction of the vehicle.
  • one-direction swinging transmitting means for transmitting not the vehicle up-and-down swinging of the lever body 54 but only the vehicle back-and-forth swinging of the lever body 54 is composed of the magnet operation lever 68 an the magnet holder 69.
  • the third position detector B3 includes a cylindrical third magnet 70 fixed in the magnet holder 69, and a third Hall effect sensor 71 as a magnetometric sensor disposed in the third magnet 70, and provided on the substrate 66 fixed to the case 62.
  • a magnet guide 72 is disposed on an outer periphery of the magnet holder 69 and, by this magnet guide 72, the magnet holder 69 and the magnet 70 are accurately moved through an accurate track.
  • a detection output of the third Hall effect sensor 71 is led to a control circuit (not shown) for passing (or flashing) driving or the like, and used for controlling the passing (or flashing) driving or the like.
  • reference numerals 73 denote a lead wire, 74 a connector, and 75 an under cover.
  • the right combination switch 51b will be now described with reference to Figs. 23, 24, 25A and 25B.
  • the same reference numerals will be used to designate the same components as those in the left combination switch, so that the description thereof will be omitted, and only different components will be described.
  • the first position detector C1 is constructed for detecting a rotation position of the control knob 55
  • the second position detector C2 is constructed for detecting a rotation position of the lever body 54 in the up-and-down direction of the vehicle.
  • a detection output of the second Hall effect sensor 65 of the second position detector C2 is led to a control unit (not shown) for driving a wiper or the like, and used for controlling the driving of the wiper or the like.
  • a magnet pressing plate 76 is fixed on a base end part of the lever body 54. As shown in detail in Figs. 24 and 25, a bottom surface side in an up-and-down direction of the vehicle of the magnet pressing plate 76 is formed to be a flat bottom surface 76a. A projection 77a of the magnet holder 77 is abutted on the flat bottom surface 76a of the magnet pressing plate 76. The magnet holder 77 is disposed so as to be freely moved in a back-and-forth direction of the vehicle by a magnet guide 78, and pressed to the magnet pressing plate 76 side by a spring force of a spring 79.
  • a guide groove 78a is formed in the magnet guide 78, a guide projection 77b is provided in the magnet holder 77 to be engaged with the guide groove 78a, and the magnet holder 77 is accurately moved in the back-and-forth direction of the vehicle by the magnet guide 78. Accordingly, when the lever body 54 of the control lever 53a is swung in the up-and-down direction of the vehicle. the projection 77a of the magnet holder 77 is simply slid relatively on the flat bottom surface 76a of the magnet pressing plate 76.
  • one-direction swinging transmitting means for transmitting not the swinging of the vehicle up-and-down direction of the lever body 54 but only the swinging of the vehicle back-and-forth direction of the vehicle of the lever body 54 is composed of the magnet pressing plate 76, the magnet holder 77, the magnet guide 78 and the spring 79.
  • the third position detector 3C includes a cylindrical third magnet 70 fixed in the magnet holder 77, and a third Hall effect sensor 71 as a magnet sensor disposed inside the third magnet 70, and provided on a substrate 66 fixed to a case 62.
  • the control lever 53 is swung in the back-and-forth direction of the vehicle, the magnet pressing plate 76 on the base end side of the lever body 54 is swung around the pin 60. This swinging changes an insertion position of the third Hall effect sensor in the third magnet 70.
  • the constitution of the third magnet 70 and the third Hall effect sensor 71 will be described later.
  • a detection output of the third Hall effect sensor 71 is led to a control circuit (not shown) for driving a washer or the like, and used for controlling the driving of the washer or the like.
  • Fig. 26A is a perspective view showing positions of the magnets 56 and 65, and the Hall effect sensors 58 and 67 in the first position detectors B1 and C1, and the second position detectors B2 and C2,
  • Fig. 26B a perspective view showing magnetized states of the magnets 56 and 67
  • Fig. 27 a characteristic line view showing magnetic field intensities received by the Hall effect sensors 58 and 67 with respect to rotation angles of the magnets 56 and 65.
  • FIG. 28 a characteristic view showing output voltages of the Hall effect sensors 58 and 67 with respect to rotation angles of the magnets 56 and 65 in the cases of the nonlinear Hall effect sensor and the linear Hall effect sensor
  • Fig. 29 an explanatory characteristic line view showing that a point of ⁇ 30° from a position of a rotation angle of 180° is set as a calibration point
  • Fig. 30 a view showing a correspondence between a characteristic line indicating an output voltage of the Hall effect sensor 58 with respect to a rotation angle of the control knob 55, and a rotation angle range and an operation state of the control knob 55.
  • the magnets 56 and 65 of the first and second position detectors B1, C2, B2 and C2 are magnetized to S and N poles at a rotation angle of 180° in a circumferential direction.
  • parallel magnetic fields are obtained in directions perpendicular to rational axes.
  • approximate central regions in the magnets 56 and 65 are set as detection points, and an X direction of Fig. 26A is set as a direction of magnetic field to be detected.
  • a magnetic field strength of each of the Hall effect sensors 58 and 67 has an SIN waveform similar to that shown in Fig. 27.
  • each of the Hall effect sensors 58 and 67 is a linear Hall effect sensor, an output of an SIN waveform similar to that indicated by a chain line shown in Fig. 23 is obtained. If each of the Hall effect sensors 58 and 67 is a nonlinear Hall effect sensor having an SIN waveform-linear waveform conversion characteristic, an output of a triangular waveform similar to that indicated by a solid line in Fig. 28 is obtained. Operation rotation angles of the control knob 55 and the control levers 53a and 53b in a vehicle up-and-down direction are less than 180°. Thus, for example, if a range of 90 to 270° in Fig. 27 is set as a range of rotation angle detection in the vehicle up-and-down direction of the control knob 55 and the control levers 53a and 53b, detection outputs are obtained from the Hall effect sensors 58 and 67 according to rotation positions.
  • the first Hall effect sensor 58 the above-described nonlinear Hall effect sensor is used, and a 2-point calibrated programmable Hall effect sensor is used, which can variably set output characteristics according to set levels by setting desired detection levels for detection points of 2 places.
  • An angle detection range of the control knob 55 is 60°. Accordingly, by setting ⁇ 30° from a position of a magnetic field 0 (rotation angle: 180°) in Fig. 27 as an angle detection range, the first magnet 56 and the first Hall effect sensor 58 are assembled. Then, in a rotation range of 0 to 60°, as shown in Fig.
  • the Hall effect sensor 58 is calibrated so as to output by 1.0 to 4.0 V.
  • an output waveform changed linearly with respect to a rotation angle is obtained.
  • This output voltage is divided by the number of times of operating a switch (i.e., divided into 3 parts), and the control circuit (not shown) is programmed to correspond to turning the light OFF in a range of an A output range, a tail lamp/width indicator in a range of a B output voltage, and turning the headlight ON in a range of a C output voltage.
  • the constitutions of the first position detector C1 in the right combination switch 51b, and the second position detectors B2 and C2 in the left and right combination switches 51a and 51b can be similarly set.
  • Fig. 31 is a perspective view showing positions of magnets 70 and Hall effects sensors 71 in the third position detectors B3 and C3,
  • Fig. 32 a characteristic line view showing a magnetic field strength when the Hall effect sensor 71 is inserted and moved into the magnet 70
  • Fig. 33 a view showing a correspondence between an output voltage of the Hall effect sensor 71 with respect to a movement of the magnet 70 (magnet height from a reference position), and a Z-direction moving range and an operation state of the magnet 70
  • Fig. 34 a view showing a correspondence between a characteristic line of a magnetic field strength when the Hall effect sensor 71 is inserted and moved into the magnet 70, and a movement (magnet height from the reference position) and an operation state of the magnet 70.
  • the magnet 70 of each of the third position detectors B3 and C3 has S and N poles magnetized by a rotation angle of 180° in a circumferential direction.
  • the third Hall effect sensor 71 is set to vary an insertion position with a direction of magnetic field to be detected of the hall effect sensor directed to the N or S pole side of the magnet, and a detection point set on an approximate center axis (Z axis of Fig. 31) in the magnet 70. Accordingly, a magnetic field strength received by the Hall effect sensor 71 has a chevron waveform similar to that shown in Fig. 32.
  • the Hall effect sensor 71 is a linear Hall effect sensor, an output of a chevron waveform shown in Fig. 32 is obtained. If the Hall effect sensor 71 is a nonlinear Hall effect sensor having a chevron waveform-linear waveform conversion characteristic, an output of a trapezoidal waveform is obtained. Operation rotation angles of the lever main bodies 54 of the control levers 53a and 53b are small. Accordingly, if assembling is carried out by, for example as shown in Fig. 33, setting a range of a half of the trapezoidal waveform as a range of rotation angle detection of the control levers 53a and 53b in the vehicle back-and-forth direction, a detection output is obtained from the Hall effect sensor 71 according to a rotation position.
  • Figs. 25A and 25B show the cases of assembling by using the range of a half of a trapezoidal or chevron waveform. A case where the Hall effect sensor 71 is positioned in an end position of the magnet 70 (case of Fig. 25A) is set as washer OFF, and a case where the Hall effect sensor 71 is positioned in a central region of the magnet 70 (case of Fig. 25B) is set as washer ON.
  • the Hall effect sensor 71 may be a linear Hall effect sensor and, as shown in Fig. 34, assembling may be carried out by setting an all-area range of the chevron waveform as a range of rotation angle detection of the control levers 53a and 53b in the back-and-forth direction of the vehicle. Then, as shown in Fig. 34, OFF is set when the Hall effect sensor 71 is positioned in the central region of the magnet 70 (in the case of Fig. 22B). and passing (or flashing) and a high beam when the Hall effect sensors 71 are positioned in both ends of the magnet 70 (in the cases of Figs. 22A and 22C).
  • Constant voltage may be supplied to the VDD when ignition (I/G) is on, and pulse voltage may be supplied thereto only when the ignition (I/G) is off.
  • a Hall effect sensor 41 is added in the control knob 55 side, outputs from the four Hall effect sensors 58, 67, 71 and 41 are detected by the electronic control unit 40.
  • the first position detectors B1 and C1 include the cylindrical magnets 56 disposed around the rotation axes of the control levers 53a and 53b, rotations of the control levers 53a and 53b changing relative rotation positions with the magnets 56, and the Hall effect sensors 58 for detecting magnetic field intensities changed according to the rotation positions.
  • the second position detectors B2 and C2 include the cylindrical magnets 65 disposed around the swing axes of the lever main bodies 54, the swinging of the lever main bodies 54 changing relative rotation positions with the magnets 65, and the Hall effect sensors 67 for detecting magnetic field intensities changed according to the rotation positions.
  • the third position detectors B3 and C3 include the cylindrical magnets 70, the swinging of the lever main bodies 54 changing relative insertion positions into the magnets 70, and the Hall effect sensors 71 for detecting magnetic field intensities changed according to the insertion positions.
  • the magnets 56, 65 and 70 similar in shapes are used in the first position detectors B1 and C1, the second position detectors B2 and C2, and the third position detectors B3 and C3, only one type of metallic mold is necessary for manufacturing the magnets 56, 65 and 70, thereby reducing costs.
  • the cylindrical magnet 65 and the magnetometric sensor 67 can be disposed around the axial center thereof.
  • the cylindrical magnet 70 and the magnetometric sensor 71 cannot be disposed around the axial center thereof while a compact structure thereof is maintained. Accordingly, to solve this problem, an arrangement is made such that the swinging of the lever body 54 changes the relative insertion position of the magnetometric sensor 71 into the cylindrical magnet 70, thereby making the cylindrical magnet 70 usable.
  • the constitution where the lever body 54 is provided in the steering column 52 so as to be freely swung in the two directions means that the lever body 54 is supported on the lever supporting member 61 so as to be freely swung in the first swinging direction, and the lever supporting member 61 is supported on the steering column 52 so as to be freely swung in the second swinging direction orthogonal to the first swinging direction.
  • the lever body 54 is swung only in the two directions orthogonal to each other on the steering column 52, certainty of operability thereof is enhanced.
  • the one-direction swinging transmitting means is provided to transmit not the vehicle up-and-down direction (second swinging direction) swinging of the lever body 54, but the vehicle back-and-forth direction (first swinging direction) swinging of the lever body 54.
  • this one-direction swinging transmitting means 71 the relative insertion positions of the magnets 70 and the Hall effect sensors 71 of the third position detectors A3 and B3 are changed. Accordingly, at the third position detectors A3 and B3, the Hall effect sensor 71 is moved to the predetermined insertion positions in the magnet 70 irrespective of the position of the lever body 54 in the vehicle up-and-down direction (second swing position).
  • the nonlinear Hall effect sensors for outputting nonlinear characteristics to detected magnetic field intensities, and linear outputs may be obtained from the nonlinear Hall effect sensors with respect to position changing quantities of the lever body 54 and the control knob 55.
  • linear detection outputs are obtained for the position changes of the control levers 53a and 53b, relations between the positions of the control levers 53a and 53b and the detection outputs of the Hall effect sensors 58, 67 and 71 can be easily understood, and processing of detection signals of the Hall effect sensors 58, 67 and 71 can be facilitated.
  • the Hall effect sensors 58, 67 and 71 as magnetometric sensors, 2-point calibrated programmable magnetometric sensors may be employed, which can variably set output characteristics according to set values by setting desired output levels at detection points of two places. Accordingly, even in the case where the moving ranges of the control levers 53a and 53b vary, the detection levels of the control circuit for taking in the detection outputs of the Hall effect sensors 58, 67 and 71, or the like, detection outputs of the output characteristics can be made in a range according to the moving ranges of the control levers 53a and 53b, and matching the detection level of the control circuit.
  • the Hall effect sensors 58, 67 and 71 can be made compatible to functions of various vehicle types. Therefore, it is possible to eliminate, reduce to a minimum, changes of the microcomputer or the program for converting positional information of the control levers 53a and 53b into a control signal of a corresponding vehicle function.
  • the left and right combination switches 51a and 51b both include the lever main bodies 54 of the control levers 53a and 53b on the steering columns 52 so as to be freely swung in the two directions, control knobs 55 rotatably provided on the lever main bodies 54, and the first to third position detectors B1, B2, B3, C1, C2 and C3.
  • the present invention can be applied to a case where either one or both of the combination switches 51a and 51b include only the second position detectors B2 and C2 and the third position detectors B3 and C3 without any control knobs 55 provided in the lever main bodies 54. Also in this case, since cylindrical magnets can be used, magnet costs can be reduced.
  • the magnets 56, 65 and 70 are provided in the moving sides, and the Hall effect sensors 58, 67 and 71 are provided in the fixed sides. Accordingly, the magnets 56, 65 and 70, and the Hall effect sensors 58, 67 and 71 are configured so as to be moved relative to each other in conjunction with the operations of the control levers 53. Conversely, the magnets 56, 65 and 70 may be provided in the fixed sides, and the Hall effect sensors 58, 67 and 71 may be provided in the moving sides. Preferably, however, the Hall effect sensors 58, 67 and 71 are provided in the fixed sides, because of advantages including easier wiring and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Switches That Are Operated By Magnetic Or Electric Fields (AREA)
  • Hall/Mr Elements (AREA)
EP02013969A 2001-06-25 2002-06-25 Mehrfunktionschalter Withdrawn EP1270328A3 (de)

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EP1486376A1 (de) * 2003-06-13 2004-12-15 Delphi Technologies Inc. Steueranordnung zum Aktivieren bzw. Deaktivieren von Funktionen eines Fahrzeuges
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DE102004053520A1 (de) * 2004-08-26 2006-03-02 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Lenkstockschalter
WO2008067954A1 (de) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Lenkstockschalter für kraftfahrzeuge
DE102006057571A1 (de) * 2006-12-06 2008-06-12 Valeo Schalter Und Sensoren Gmbh Lenkstockschalter für Kraftfahrzeuge
EP2100770A3 (de) * 2008-03-13 2009-12-02 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Lenkstockschaltervorrichtung
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CN111731412A (zh) * 2018-05-03 2020-10-02 芜湖腾飞信息科技有限公司 一种具有用户状态提示功能的自行车支腿
DE102020007438A1 (de) 2020-12-07 2022-06-09 Kostal Automobil Elektrik Gmbh & Co. Kg Lenkstockschalter für ein Kraftfahrzeug

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US6873233B2 (en) 2005-03-29
EP1270328A3 (de) 2009-11-04
US20030001705A1 (en) 2003-01-02
JP2003086065A (ja) 2003-03-20
JP3875562B2 (ja) 2007-01-31

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