EP1252635B1 - Procede de conditionnement d'effluents de soude sous forme nepheline. - Google Patents
Procede de conditionnement d'effluents de soude sous forme nepheline. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1252635B1 EP1252635B1 EP01907692A EP01907692A EP1252635B1 EP 1252635 B1 EP1252635 B1 EP 1252635B1 EP 01907692 A EP01907692 A EP 01907692A EP 01907692 A EP01907692 A EP 01907692A EP 1252635 B1 EP1252635 B1 EP 1252635B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metakaolin
- suspension
- zeolite
- phase
- aqueous solution
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
- G21F9/04—Treating liquids
- G21F9/06—Processing
- G21F9/16—Processing by fixation in stable solid media
- G21F9/162—Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix, e.g. clays, zeolites
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a waste packaging method consisting of aqueous solutions of soda.
- radioactive sodium waste can come from the operation of industrial and experimental reactors, but also from research laboratories. They may contain radioactive elements, such as 22 Na and other radioelements derived from electronuclear activity in general such as uranium, plutonium, cesium, cobalt, etc.
- this waste is generally converted in concentrated sodium hydroxide solution by a process of destruction with water.
- US-A-4,028,265 [1] illustrates a liquid radioactive waste conversion process caustics containing sodium nitrate to a product solid insoluble.
- an clay powder based on aluminum silicate with an aqueous solution or suspension of the waste radioactive liquid, which has a concentration sodium hydroxide of 3 to 7 M and which contains sodium nitrate, to form a product of the type cancrinite, which is then transformed by calcination at least 600 ° C, in a mineral form, such as nepheline.
- Silico-aluminous clays likely to be used for this conversion, belong to the group comprising kaolin, bentonite, dickite, halloysite and pyrophillite. From the intermediate product (cancrinite) (1), it is formed, during the calcination, a loose powder, either compression moldings intermediate product in the desired form, followed sintering at at least 600 ° C.
- the amount of water is such that the molar ratio H 2 O / Na 2 O is in the range of 30 to 50, which corresponds to solutions of soda 2.23 to 3.7 M.
- zeolite usable in the formulation of detergents the particle size being in the range of 1 to 10 microns for 99% by weight of the particles.
- zeolite A is obtained by reaction of metakaolin with an aqueous alkaline medium, using a solution containing 7 to 30% of sodium hydroxide and a quantity of NaOH, representing 1.3 to 3 times the stoichiometric quantity required for the formation of zeolite A.
- This corresponds to a Na 2 O / SiO 2 ratio of 0.05 to 10 and an H 2 O / Na 2 O molar ratio of 15 to 70, ie a sodium hydroxide solution 1,
- this zeolite in the form of a powder is intended to be used in detergents, which is why a glossier and less yellow zeolite A is sought, which result is obtained by using, as a product of departure, metakaolin.
- the present invention is specifically for object a method of packaging a waste consisting of an aqueous solution of soda, which allows to obtain solid products, nepheline type, without have to treat a powder and compact it.
- this zeolite A can therefore be obtained directly as a product solid molded, then transformed into phase-type nepheline by a heat treatment.
- aqueous solutions of soda contain radioactive products because the handling of powder, which could lead to a dispersion of the radioactivity, one decreases investment in equipment since it is no longer necessary to use mechanical presses or hydraulic systems, and the size of installing and producing molded products corresponding to the dimensions of the waste containers.
- the use of a nepheline type phase allows to confine the radioactivity in a phase stable, which prevents leaching of products radioactive substances trapped in this structure.
- reaction of metakaolin with sodium hydroxide corresponds to the following overall reaction scheme:
- the zeolite phase only appears in the case of the use of metakaolin.
- a proportion of phase hydroxysodalite can be formed.
- this second phase even in significant proportion, does not preclude not the caking of the suspension and the conversion in nepheline.
- metakaolin added, in such a way that corresponds substantially to the stoichiometry of the reaction (3) described above, a molar ratio from metakaolin to soda, which is close to stoichiometry of the reaction, ie a ratio molar ratio of 0.4 to 0.6, preferably about 0.5.
- the water content of the suspension obtained by adding metakaolin to the solution of soda is also appropriate to appropriate value.
- the water content of this suspension depends on the sodium hydroxide concentration of the aqueous solution of departure, since no additional water is added after addition of metakaolin to this solution.
- Starting from aqueous solutions containing 3 to 10 mol / l of sodium hydroxide reaches suspensions containing from 30 to 70% in weight of water, in case the amount of metakaolin added substantially corresponds to the stoichiometry of the reaction.
- metakaolin this one is obtained by calcining kaolin at temperatures from 500 to 1200 ° C. The higher the calcination temperature is low and the product is reactive. However, compensate for the decrease in reactivity by grinding.
- metakaolins obtained from temperatures of 800 to 1000 ° C, having a granulometry average of 1 to 50 microns, preferably 1 to 10 microns.
- the treatment temperature used for the reaction (3) can be 15 to 100 ° C under pressure atmospheric. We could also operate on higher temperatures under pressure. Indeed, a moderate heating of the suspension allows to activate the caking of the suspension.
- the chemical species, present in the starting aqueous solution, can interfere with the formation reaction (3) of the zeolite A. This is the case in particular of the NO 3 - and NO 2 - ions present in the starting aqueous solution. of reference [1] which prevent the formation of the zeolite phase A and the setting in mass leading to the cancrinite phase.
- the total content of NO 3 - and NO 2 - ions of the aqueous starting solution is preferably from 0 to 0.5 mol / l.
- the molded product After caking the solution under form of zeolite A hydrated, the molded product is subjected obtained by this en masse to a drying, then to a heat treatment to turn it into nepheline.
- Drying can be done after demolding the product at temperatures of 110 to 500 ° C.
- the heat treatment is then performed on the dried product at temperatures of 1000 to 1500 ° C, to obtain the transformation into nepheline (between 500 and 850 ° C) and densification products by removing open porosity.
- the figure is a diagram representing the different steps of the process of the invention.
- the first step of the process is to add to the solution of starting soda (waste) the desired amount of powder metakaolin, and to knead together to obtain a homogeneous paste.
- the average particle size of the metakaolin powder is less than 10 ⁇ m and this metakaolin was obtained by calcining a kaolin in powder at a temperature of 800 ° C for 1 hour.
- the crystallization and the setting in mass of the mixture occur within minutes or hours that follow.
- the setting time depends on the temperature used. To strongly activate the plug, you can operate at a temperature of 40 to 70 ° C by heating moderate.
- the molded products are then slowly dried to remove the residual water, avoiding cracking of the products.
- the duration of the drying step obviously depends on the amount of water to be evaporated, as well as the geometry of the molded products. It can operate at a temperature of 110 to 550 ° C, not exceeding the temperature of 100 ° C in the early stages, to prevent cracking of the molded products, starting too violent water vapor.
- This drying step corresponds to the following reaction equation: Na 96 Al 96 Si 96 O 384 .216H 2 O ⁇ Na 96 Al 96 Si 96 O 384 + 216H 2 O
- a nepheline phase is thus obtained densified in which are trapped the salts or radioactive elements that were likely to be present in the aqueous solution of starting soda.
- the products obtained can then be directed to a storage site, possibly after stuffing.
- Example 1 Conditioning a solution 10N soda
- metakaolin are added (washed PROLABO Kaolin product) 500 ml of the solution 10N sodium hydroxide, with mechanical stirring.
- we unmold products then dried by submitting them gradually at a maximum temperature of 110 ° C to slow speed, for 24 hours, and then submit them to sintering at 1250 ° C, maintaining this temperature for 2 hours, with a heating rate of 2 ° C / min.
- Example 2 Packaging a solution soda 5N
- metakaolin are added, identical to that of Example 1, 500 ml of the 5N sodium hydroxide solution, with mechanical stirring, then homogenize for 15 minutes, after the end of the introduction of metakaolin.
- Teflon® molds we then sink the suspension in Teflon® molds, then heated the molds at 70 ° C to accelerate the caking of suspension.
- the products are demolded molded and dried by submitting them gradually at a maximum temperature of 110 ° C to slow speed, for 24 hours. They are then submitted to a sintering at 1250 ° C with a 2 hour stage and a speed heating identical to that of Example 1.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
- Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Description
→ Na2O.Al2O3.2SiO2.O,68H2O.0,52 NaNO3 + 3H2O
2NaAlSiO4.0,26Na2O + 0,68H2O + 0,26N2O5
- le mode de préparation du métakaolin utilisé ;
- la granulométrie du métakaolin ;
- la température de traitement ; et
- les espèces chimiques, autres que NaOH, présentes dans la solution aqueuse de départ.
Claims (10)
- Procédé de conditionnement d'un déchet constitué par une solution aqueuse comprenant 3 à 10 mol/l de soude NaOH, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes suivantes :a) ajouter, à la solution aqueuse, une poudre de métakaolin en quantité telle qu'on obtienne une suspension apte à prendre en masse et former une phase cristalline de type zéolithe A ;b) introduire la suspension dans un moule ;c) laisser la suspension prendre en masse dans le moule pour obtenir un produit solide moulé à base de zéolithe A ;d) sécher le produit moulé ; ete) convertir la phase zéolithe A en une phase de type néphéline par traitement thermique à une température de 1000 à 1500°C.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la quantité de métakaolin ajoutée est telle que le rapport molaire du métakaolin à la soude soit de 0,4 à 0,6.
- Procédé selon la revendication 2, dans lequel le rapport molaire métakaolin/soude est d'environ 0,5.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la poudre de métakaolin a une granulométrie moyenne de 1 à 50 µm.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le métakaolin est obtenu par calcination de kaolin à une température de 500 à 1 200°C.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la quantité de métakaolin ajoutée est telle que la teneur en eau de la suspension soit de 30 à 70 % en poids.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la teneur totale en ions NO3 - et NO2 - de la solution aqueuse de départ est de 0 à 0,5 mol/l.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel on réalise l'étape c) à une température de 15 à 100°C.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le séchage du produit moulé est effectué, après démoulage de ce produit moulé, à une température de 110 à 500°C.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, dans lequel la solution aqueuse de départ est une solution radioactive.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0000985A FR2804103B1 (fr) | 2000-01-26 | 2000-01-26 | Procede de conditionnement d'effluents de soude sous forme nepheline |
FR0000985 | 2000-01-26 | ||
PCT/FR2001/000233 WO2001056040A2 (fr) | 2000-01-26 | 2001-01-25 | Procede de conditionnement d"effluents de soude sous forme nepheline. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1252635A2 EP1252635A2 (fr) | 2002-10-30 |
EP1252635B1 true EP1252635B1 (fr) | 2004-04-21 |
Family
ID=8846327
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01907692A Expired - Lifetime EP1252635B1 (fr) | 2000-01-26 | 2001-01-25 | Procede de conditionnement d'effluents de soude sous forme nepheline. |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6676915B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1252635B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2003520975A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2804103B1 (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2257627C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001056040A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9926674D0 (en) * | 1999-11-12 | 2000-01-12 | British Nuclear Fuels Plc | Encapsulation of waste |
US7309339B2 (en) * | 2003-02-04 | 2007-12-18 | Howmedica Osteonics Corp. | Apparatus for aligning an instrument during a surgical procedure |
JP6067497B2 (ja) * | 2013-07-05 | 2017-01-25 | 株式会社東芝 | 放射性廃棄物の固化体の製造方法 |
FR3009550A1 (fr) * | 2013-08-08 | 2015-02-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede pour traiter et/ou inerter une solution fortement saline eventuellement contaminee |
US10397027B2 (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2019-08-27 | International Business Machines Corporation | Continuous time linear equalizer |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4028265A (en) * | 1974-04-02 | 1977-06-07 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Energy Research And Development Administration | Process for converting sodium nitrate-containing, caustic liquid radioactive wastes to solid insoluble products |
DE2533614C2 (de) * | 1975-07-26 | 1985-10-31 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Verfahren zur Herstellung von zeolithischen Alkalialuminiumsilikaten |
DE2852674A1 (de) * | 1978-12-06 | 1980-06-19 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von zeolith a aus kaolin |
LU84743A1 (fr) * | 1983-04-11 | 1984-11-28 | Sipac | Procede de fabrication de zeolite a et produits obtenus |
US4859367A (en) * | 1987-10-02 | 1989-08-22 | Joseph Davidovits | Waste solidification and disposal method |
DD292432A5 (de) * | 1989-04-10 | 1991-08-01 | ������@������������k�� | Verfahren zur herstellung eines feinteiligen, kristallinen zeolithpulvers vom typ 4a mit vorherbestimmbarer korngroessenverteilung |
FR2688223B1 (fr) * | 1992-03-05 | 1994-05-20 | Institut Francais Petrole | Nouveau procede d'adoucissement de coupes petrolieres sans adjonction reguliere de solution aqueuse alcaline, utilisant un catalyseur solide basique. |
-
2000
- 2000-01-26 FR FR0000985A patent/FR2804103B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-01-25 JP JP2001555103A patent/JP2003520975A/ja active Pending
- 2001-01-25 RU RU2002122769/06A patent/RU2257627C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-01-25 EP EP01907692A patent/EP1252635B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-25 WO PCT/FR2001/000233 patent/WO2001056040A2/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2001-01-25 US US10/149,958 patent/US6676915B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2804103B1 (fr) | 2002-03-01 |
RU2257627C2 (ru) | 2005-07-27 |
US6676915B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 |
RU2002122769A (ru) | 2004-02-27 |
EP1252635A2 (fr) | 2002-10-30 |
WO2001056040A2 (fr) | 2001-08-02 |
FR2804103A1 (fr) | 2001-07-27 |
WO2001056040A3 (fr) | 2002-02-28 |
US20020198431A1 (en) | 2002-12-26 |
JP2003520975A (ja) | 2003-07-08 |
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