Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
  • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
  • A62C99/0081—Training methods or equipment for fire-fighting
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
  • G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
  • G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for simulating a sudden flame propagation in a firefighting training system with a combustion chamber for at least one further fireplace, in which a gas is guided and ignited in the vicinity of the ceiling of the combustion chamber, and a device therefor.
• Flash-over characteristics arise depending on a variety of parameters, such as temperature, volume of the combustion chamber, amount of oxygen, amount of burned gas, amount of unburned gas, amount and type of solid fuels that remain unburned, amount and type of combustible materials, Ignition temperature (s) and / or the like, as a function of time.
• parameters such as temperature, volume of the combustion chamber, amount of oxygen, amount of burned gas, amount of unburned gas, amount and type of solid fuels that remain unburned, amount and type of combustible materials, Ignition temperature (s) and / or the like, as a function of time.
• eyewitnesses report that shortly before a flash-over is ignited, smoke plumes emerge from a room, in particular between a door and its threshold, even deform the door outwards, and are then partially retracted into the combustion chamber, even the door pull into the combustion chamber.
• smoke plumes emerge from a room, in particular between a door and its threshold, even deform the door outwards, and are then partially retracted into the combustion chamber, even the door pull into the combustion chamber.
• EP 0 585 392 B1 discloses a generic method in which, in order to simulate a flash-over, not only a main burner for a fireplace near the floor of a combustion chamber, which is intended to simulate a burning sofa or the like, has fuel in the form of pure propane gas, but also an auxiliary burner.
• At least one fire service operating parameter is monitored and a second flame near the ceiling of the combustion chamber upon reaching a predetermined threshold value of the monitored operating parameter is generated independently by controlling the supply of pure propane gas to the auxiliary burner, which is in the form of a combustion tube from the corresponding supply to the main burner, and ignition.
• the well-known simulation of a flash-over over such a second flame is not realistic, for two reasons. On the one hand, there is no perceptible evidence of the occurrence of a flash-over before entering the combustion chamber.
• the second flame is generated in that pure gas is released into the combustion chamber from a gas distributor and ignited in the combustion chamber using the air available there, which leads to a relatively slow, so to speak "rotten" flame propagation due to the gas's search for air Burns leads, which can in no way represent the risk of an actual flash-over.
• the safety of firefighters to be trained should remain guaranteed. Warning notices of the rapid development of sudden flame propagation are also to be simulated.
• the object of the method is achieved in that the gas is released into the combustion chamber after being mixed with oxygen as a combustible gas-oxygen mixture and is then ignited.
• the gas-oxygen mixture in the combustion chamber is ignited at least two spatially separate locations to produce two, preferably opposing, fire fronts.
• the oxygen is supplied via air, in particular fresh air.
• the gas is supplied in the form of, preferably vaporized, propane gas.
• a preferred further development according to the invention is characterized in that at temperatures above a set temperature threshold value, which is characteristic of the occurrence of an abrupt flame propagation, measured in the combustion chamber with the access door closed, smoke is pressed out of the combustion chamber and then at least partially sucked back into the combustion chamber, this smoke movement preferably taking place repeated periodically.
• the smoke movement is ended by opening the access door to the combustion chamber and then the supply and ignition of the gas-oxygen mixture is initiated, preferably manually.
• the object relating to the device is achieved according to the invention by a gas-oxygen supply device in the area of the ceiling of the combustion chamber, from which a gas-oxygen mixture flows into the combustion chamber and towards at least one igniter.
• the gas-oxygen supply device in the flow direction of the gas and / or oxygen comprises the following in succession: a fan for sucking in oxygen, in particular contained in fresh air, a primary heating chamber for heating the oxygen by absorption of combustion chamber heat, and a pressure damping chamber , a gas distributor for introducing gas, such as propane gas or the like, into the pressure damping chamber, a mixing chamber for mixing, preferably vaporized, gas and oxygen into a combustible gas-oxygen mixture and / or a back suction prevention unit, such as in the form of a non-return valve or the like ,
• the igniter comprises two oppositely running electrodes with two opposite end faces, each providing an ignition face, and a power supply line.
• the igniter has at least one ignition surface, which is arranged at most 1 meter before the outlet of the gas-oxygen supply device for the gas-oxygen mixture.
• a manual control unit can be provided for activating or deactivating the gas-oxygen supply device and / or the igniter.
• At least one deflector plate can also be provided between the ceiling of the combustion chamber on the one hand and the gas-oxygen supply device and the igniter on the other hand for generating eddies of flame. It is further proposed according to the invention that the gas-oxygen supply device is arranged outside the combustion chamber, in particular in an installation space separated from the combustion chamber by a partition.
• the gas-oxygen supply device tapers in the direction of flow of the gas and / or the oxygen, in particular in the region of the pressure damping chamber.
• Preferred according to the invention are embodiments which are characterized by at least one temperature sensor in the combustion chamber, a smoke generator for blowing smoke out of the combustion chamber, preferably at least in the area of the access door, such as between the access door and the associated door sill or the like, and a further fan for at least partially sucking back the Smoke into the combustion chamber, whereby the temperature sensor, the smoke generator and the other fan are in operative connection with each other.
• the smoke generator and the further fan are activated when heating to a threshold temperature detected by the temperature sensor in the combustion chamber when the access door to the combustion chamber is closed and deactivated when the access door is open.
• the smoke generator and / or the further blower is or are attached to the access door, preferably in the vicinity of the associated door threshold.
• the invention is therefore based on the surprising finding that actual fire conditions of a flash-over, including light, heat and pressure propagation, can be simulated in a combustion chamber of a firefighting training facility by using a combustible mixture of gas, such as vaporized propane gas, and oxygen , as present in fresh air, is introduced into the combustion chamber and brought to ignition there, so that, in contrast to known simulations, the gas does not have to flow in to the oxygen still present in the combustion chamber in order to ignite. It is preferred according to the invention that the generation of the flash overs is initiated in order to minimize the danger for the firefighters to be trained.
• the combustible mixture according to the invention is advantageously ignited in at least two places, so that two opposing fire fronts are created; and flame eddies are caused by means of baffles according to the invention.
• the early detection of the occurrence of a flash-over can be simulated for the first time by simulating corresponding warnings, namely by generating smoke from the combustion chamber when the access door is closed above a threshold temperature which is characteristic of the occurrence of a sudden flame propagation Combustion chamber is pushed out and after a few seconds is at least partially sucked back into the combustion chamber.
• Figure 1 is a sectional view through a combustion chamber with a device according to the invention
• Figure 2 is a partial perspective view of another device according to the invention.
• a fireplace 5 for simulating, for example, the burning of a sofa standing on the floor of the combustion chamber is arranged in a combustion chamber 1.
• a gas-air supply device 10 enters the combustion chamber 1 just below its ceiling 4, which is connected to a gas supply line 11, for example for supplying pure propane gas, and a fresh air supply 14 and a gas-air mixture 40 into the combustion chamber 1 in the direction of an igniter 50 in order to initiate a sudden flame propagation 100 in order to simulate a flash-over.
• the simulated flash-over is caused by a flame spreading in at least two opposite directions via ignition on two opposing ignition surfaces and flame swirls due to the arrangement of a baffle plate 60 Flame path determined.
• smoke 110 can also be introduced into the combustion chamber 1.
• the gas-air supply device 10 and the igniter 50 can be activated or deactivated via a manual control unit 70, which in turn is connected to an emergency stop switch 80 in the combustion chamber 1 and an operating console 90 outside the combustion chamber 1.
• a manual control unit 70 which in turn is connected to an emergency stop switch 80 in the combustion chamber 1 and an operating console 90 outside the combustion chamber 1.
• the fire pit 5 is first activated and smoke 110 is let into the combustion chamber 1, each controlled via the control console 90.
• a first deletion exercise can then take place, during which, according to the invention, a simulated flash-over 100 can then be initiated by a group exercise leader via the hand control unit 70.
• the gas-air mixture 40 is ignited in the area of the igniter 50, suddenly with the simultaneous propagation of light, Heat and pressure in realistic conditions.
• a gas-air supply device 10 is arranged outside a combustion chamber 1 in an installation space 2 separated by a partition 3.
• the gas-air supply device 10 in turn comprises a fan 20, a primary heating chamber 30, a pressure damping chamber 31 with a gas distributor 12 for gas 13 arranged therein, a mixing chamber 32 and a non-return valve 33 in the flow direction from the fresh air supplied via a fresh air supply 14.
• Fresh air becomes Sucked into the primary heating chamber 30 via the blower 20 immediately after activation of the gas-air supply device 10, the primary heating chamber 30 heats up the sucked-in fresh air by absorbing heat from the combustion chamber 1.
• the gas-air mixture 40 thus passes immediately after passing the non-return valve 33 from the gas-air supply device 10 into the combustion chamber 1, in which it reaches a first one Ignition surface 51 of an igniter 50 flows so that there is a sudden generation of a flame at the first ignition surface 51.
• a baffle 60 reverses the direction of flow of a portion of the gas-air mixture 40 and thus directs it to a second ignition surface 52 of the igniter 50, on which ignition also occurs, the ignition on the first ignition surface 51 being that on the other second ignition surface 52 has only an extremely small time offset, which leads to a realistic, sudden flame propagation.
• flame formation is accelerated in comparison with the prior art, since the gas 13 does not have to "run after" the air in the combustion chamber 1, so to speak.
• the baffle 60 ensures the formation of eddies of flame.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Educational Administration (AREA)
• Educational Technology (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
• Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
• Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=7932182

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (15)

Family Cites Families (3)

• 1999
  • 1999-12-10 DE DE1999159640 patent/DE19959640C2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 2000
  • 2000-12-08 JP JP2001543216A patent/JP2003516207A/ja active Pending
  • 2000-12-08 EP EP00990520A patent/EP1244499A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2000-12-08 CA CA002393203A patent/CA2393203A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2000-12-08 WO PCT/DE2000/004405 patent/WO2001041874A2/de active Search and Examination
  • 2000-12-08 BR BR0016268-0A patent/BR0016268A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2000-12-08 AU AU30005/01A patent/AU3000501A/en not_active Abandoned
• 2002
  • 2002-06-07 ZA ZA200204573A patent/ZA200204573B/xx unknown

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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