CA2393203A1 - Method and device for simulating the rapid spread of flames - Google Patents
Method and device for simulating the rapid spread of flames Download PDFInfo
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- CA2393203A1 CA2393203A1 CA002393203A CA2393203A CA2393203A1 CA 2393203 A1 CA2393203 A1 CA 2393203A1 CA 002393203 A CA002393203 A CA 002393203A CA 2393203 A CA2393203 A CA 2393203A CA 2393203 A1 CA2393203 A1 CA 2393203A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
- A62C99/0081—Training methods or equipment for fire-fighting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B9/00—Simulators for teaching or training purposes
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- Educational Technology (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
- Respiratory Apparatuses And Protective Means (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for simulating the rapid spread of flames in a fire brigade training system comprising a combustion chamber for at least one other fire, site wherein a gas is conducted close to the celing of the combustion chamber and is ignited. The gas is released as a combustible gas-oxygen mixture in the combustion chamber after mixing with oxygen and then ignited. The invention also relates to a device to be used in said method comprising a gas-oxygen feed device located in the region of the ceiling of the combustion chamber, wherefrom a gas-oxygen mixture flows to at least one igniter in the combustion chamber.
Description
spaniol. ~lrmin METHOD AND ,~R.R~NG.EMENT FOR S1M'ULAT1NG1.~N A$RUPT SPREADING OF
FLAMES
The invcntiort .relates to a method and an arrangerrtent for simulating an abzupt spreading of flames in a firefighter tzainiz~g installation having a burn zoom for at least one further .fire place, wherein a 5as is directed near to the ceiling of the burn room and is ignited.
~, spontanEOUS spreading of flames, starting from the ceiling of a zoom that encloses a fireplace, and more oz less $pzeadina across the vvhole ceiling like a sea of flames and penetrating into the .room. respectively, is refEZTed to as "flashover" in the art and involves high potential dangers for firefighters upon extinguishing a fire. Due to widespread use of synthetic materials: tlashovers tend to occur more and more often; thus firefightezs have to be trained to be prepared to a corresponding dangerous situation.
Flashover characteristics arise in dependence upon a plurality of parameters such as temperature, volume of the burn roozrv, amount of oxygen, amount of bwnned gas, amount of unburned gas, amount and type of solid combustibles resting unburned, amount and type of combustible zrtaterials, ignition tempErature(s) and/or the like as a function of time. Despite this laxge number o.f parameters defining a t~lashover, it has been found that there are always specific warning signals with a relatively high probability before a flaehover actually occurs, such warning signals being absolutely perceptible by firefighters. Thus, a room often has been observed to "respire" ,just before ignition of a flashover therein. More particularly, according to eyewitness reports, swaths of smoky; axe escaping a room just before a flashover ignition, especially between a door and the associated threshold thereof, deforming the door outwardly, and then partially are pulled back into the bum room pulling the door itself into the burn room. When a door is opened to a room, in which all the conditions for a flashover ignition are already met, such as indicated by said "respirinb", and oxygen is entering said room, a simultaneous ignition of unused gases and heated corribu~tibles occurs in the area of the ceiling. causing a very rapid generation arid propagation of heat, light and pressure, thus an abrupt spreading o.f flames: the t7ashover.
FLAMES
The invcntiort .relates to a method and an arrangerrtent for simulating an abzupt spreading of flames in a firefighter tzainiz~g installation having a burn zoom for at least one further .fire place, wherein a 5as is directed near to the ceiling of the burn room and is ignited.
~, spontanEOUS spreading of flames, starting from the ceiling of a zoom that encloses a fireplace, and more oz less $pzeadina across the vvhole ceiling like a sea of flames and penetrating into the .room. respectively, is refEZTed to as "flashover" in the art and involves high potential dangers for firefighters upon extinguishing a fire. Due to widespread use of synthetic materials: tlashovers tend to occur more and more often; thus firefightezs have to be trained to be prepared to a corresponding dangerous situation.
Flashover characteristics arise in dependence upon a plurality of parameters such as temperature, volume of the burn roozrv, amount of oxygen, amount of bwnned gas, amount of unburned gas, amount and type of solid combustibles resting unburned, amount and type of combustible zrtaterials, ignition tempErature(s) and/or the like as a function of time. Despite this laxge number o.f parameters defining a t~lashover, it has been found that there are always specific warning signals with a relatively high probability before a flaehover actually occurs, such warning signals being absolutely perceptible by firefighters. Thus, a room often has been observed to "respire" ,just before ignition of a flashover therein. More particularly, according to eyewitness reports, swaths of smoky; axe escaping a room just before a flashover ignition, especially between a door and the associated threshold thereof, deforming the door outwardly, and then partially are pulled back into the bum room pulling the door itself into the burn room. When a door is opened to a room, in which all the conditions for a flashover ignition are already met, such as indicated by said "respirinb", and oxygen is entering said room, a simultaneous ignition of unused gases and heated corribu~tibles occurs in the area of the ceiling. causing a very rapid generation arid propagation of heat, light and pressure, thus an abrupt spreading o.f flames: the t7ashover.
hs life endangering flachovers occur more and more often, known firefvghter training installations have been comprising in part an arrangement for simulating a flashover. For exunple, EP 0 585 392 B1 disclosesa method oftlae above character, wherein, for simulating a Ilashover, fuel in the form of pure propane gas not only is suppliod to a main burner for a fireplace near the floor of a burn .room which is to simulate a burning sofa or the like, but also to an auxiliary burner. For t:nese purposes at least one firefighter operational parameter is monitored and a second flame is produced near the ceiling i.n accordance with attainment of a predetermined threshold value of said monitored operational parameter, by controlling the supply of pure propane gas to the auxiliary burner in the form of a burn tube independently of the appropriate supply to the main burner, and igniting it. hJ(owever, this known simulation of a tlachover .through such a second flame is not realistic, for two reasons.
First. no indications for the development of a flashover are perceptible before entering the burn room. On the other hand, the second flame is generated by releasing pure gas from a gas manifold into the burn room and igniting it using the air available therein, which causes the flames to spread relaCively slowly, or "lazy", as the gas searches for combustible air, which under no circumstances is capable of representing the dangers of an actual flashover.
In addition to flashover phenomena, so called "ro.llovers" consisting of fire .fronts rolling.back and .forth, a.~ well as "backdrafts" caused by re-ignition of heated items.
are known to involve abruptly spreading flames.
It is the object of the present invention to improve the method and arrangement of the described character so as to overeo.me the drawbacks of the prior art, particularly to produce a more realistic abmpt flame propagation than in the prior art, for simulating flashover, rollover and/or backdrafl phenomena. ,A.t the same time the safety of the f refighters to be trained is to be ensured. Ellso, warning indications of an abrupt sprEading of flames that is about to develop should be simulated.
'.Che obiect concerning the inventive method is solved by releasing the gas, after havinm been mixed with oxygen, .into the bum chamber as a combustible gas-oxygen mixture and then igniting it.
Provisions may be zxtade for igniting the gas-oxygen znxxtuc~ within the burn chamber on at least two spaced Iocat.ions to generate two. preferably contra-directional, tire fronts.
Further, the invention proposes to supply said oxygen via air, especially fresh air.
:~Iso, according to the invention said gas may be supplied in the form of propane gas, preferably vaporized.
A prefezTed modification accoadiiig to the invrrition is characterized in that smoke is pushed out of the burn room and is subsEquently at least parkially sucked back into it, at temperatures above a predetermined temperature threshold value as measured within the burn room with the access door closed, said temperature threshold value being characteristic for the development of an abrupt spreading of .flames, wherein such smoke movement preferably is repeated periodically.
Provisions may be made xor pushing smoke out of the burn. .room and tucking it back therein, respectively, for approximately up to one minute each.
Further, the invention proposes to have the smoke .movement stopped by opening the burn room access door, and to subsequently initiate the delivery and ignition of the gas-oxygen mixture, preferably manually.
The object concerning the azrlngement according to the invention is solved by a gas-oxygen supply means adjacent the ceiling of the burnroona, from which a gac-oxygen mixture is introduced into the burn roam, flowing to~~ardc at least one ignitor.
T.he gac-oxygen supply means may by adapted to comprise in downstream direction of the gas andlor oxygen one after another: a blower for aspirating oxygen particularly contained in fresh air, a primary heating chamber for heating the oxygen by absorption of heat of the burn room, a pressure attenuation chamber. a gas manifold for introducing gas. such ac propane gas or the like. into the pressure attenuation chamber. a mixing chamber for mixing gas, preferably evaporated, and axygEn to a combustible gas-oxygen mixtuie, andlor a unit .for preventing sucking back, such as in x.he form of a cheek flap ox the like.
_g_ Further, according to he invention the ignitor is proposed to comprise a pair of oppositely extending electrodes having two oppositely: facixag end faces. each providing an ignition surface. and a curxent supply line Additionally, the ignitor may be adapted to have at least one ignition surface disposed at not more than one meter in front of the gas-oxygen mixture outlet of said gas-oxygen supply means.
Further, a manual control unit may be provided for activating and deactivating, respectively, said gas-oxygen supply means and/or said ignitor.
Also, accozding to the invention there rnay be provided at lEast one sheet metal divertor between the ceiling of the burn room on one sidE and the gas-oxygen supply means and the ignitor on the other side, for generating whirls of flames.
Further, the invention proposes to dispose the gas-oxygen supply zzaeans outside the burn roo .rn, particular.ty within an installation chamber separated from the burn room by a separating wall.
Also, the gas-oxygen supply means may be adaptEd to be tapered in the downstream direction of the gas and/or oxygen, especially in the area of the pressure attenuation chamber.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are characterized by at least one temperature sensor within the burn room, a smoke generator for blowing smoke out of the burn room, preferably at least adjacent the access door, such as between the access door and the associated threshold or the like, and a further blower for at least partially sucking back said smoke into tho burn chamber, wherein said temperature sensor, said smoke generator attd said further blower are functionally associated to each other.
The smoke generator and the further blower may be adapted to be activated;
preferably automatically, with the burn .room access door open. and to be inactivated with the burn room ,5_ access door closed, upon heating up to a thxeshvld temperature sEnsed within the burn room by cxteans of said temperature sensor.
Finally, the invention also proposes the smoke generator and/or the further blower to be mounted on the access door, preferably adjsicent the associated threshold.
The invention thus is based upon the unexpected realisation of the possibility to simulate actual conditions of a flashover, including propagation of lieht, heat and pressure, within a burn room of a firefi~htex training installation by introducing a combustible mixture of gas, such as vaporized propane gas and oxygen, as contained in fresh air, into the burn room and igniting it therein, so that in contrast to known simulations there is zto need for the gas to flow after the oxygen which is still available in the burtx room, for being ignited. Preferably, accordinfi to the invexition the generation of the flashover is initiated manually to minimize hazards for the firefighters that axe to be trained. Also, the combu.~tible mixture according to the invention,preferably is ignited on at least two locations so as to produce a pair of oppositely directed fire fronts. and whirls of flames are caused according to the invention by means of sheet metal divertors.
Additionally, the invention for the first time piovides the possibility to simulate the early detection of a flas.hover about to develop by simulating warning indications, namely in generating smoke that is pushed out of the bun room, with the access door closed. above a threshold temperature chaxactexistic for the development of an abrupt spreading of flames, and that is at least partially sucked back into the burn zoom after a ftw seconds.
Other features and advantages ofthe invention will be apparent from the following description, in which two embodiment. of the invention are; discussed in detail with reference to the schematic drawings in which;
Figure 1 is a sectional view through a burn chamber including an inventive aaangement; and Figure 2 is a perspective partial view of another inventive arrangement.
As is apparent from figure 1, a fireplace S is positioned in a burn roozra 1 for simulating, by way of example, combustion of a sofa disposed on the floor of the bum room. A
gas-air supply means 10 enters burn zvom 1 just beneath the ceiling 4 thereof, the gas-air supply means being conuaected to a gas supply conduit 11, for supply of e.g. pure propane gas, and to a fresh air supply 14, and being capable of releasing a gas-air mixture 40 into burn room 1 towards an ignitor 50, for initiating an abrupt flame spreading 100 to simulate a flashover.
The simulated tlashover is defined by a propagation of flazxtes in at least two opposite diree2ions due to ignition on a pair of opposite ignition surfaces, and by whirling flames due to the positioning o.f a sheet metal divertor 60 in the path of the flames. In addition to fireplace 5 and to flashover 100, smoke 1 l0 may also be introduced into burn zoom 1.
Gas-air supply means 10 and ign.itor SO naay be activated and deactivated, respectively, through manual controller unit 70, which in turn is connected to emergency stop 80 within burn room 1 and to operator console 90 outside the burn room 1. For training firefighters, initially fireplace 5 is activated and smolte 110 is introduced into burn room 1, respectively controlled through operator eonsole.90. Subsequezitly, a fast extinguishing exercise xxtay take place, during which a simulated flashover l00 may then be initiated according to the invention via manual controller unit 70 by a team supervisor. Once, gas-air supply means 10 and ignitor 50 have been activated through manual controller unit 70 and controller console 90, ig.aition of the gas-air mixture 40 occurs in the area of ignitor 50, said ignition occurring abruptly with a sisnultaaeous propagation of light, heat and pressure with nearly realistic conditions.
Referring to fi~-ure 2, a specific arrangement according to the inventiomwill now be discussed in detail. The arrangement comprises a gas-air supply means 10 disposed outside burn roam 1 i.r< an inst<~llation chamber separated by a separating wall 3. The gas-air supply means 10 itself comprises, .in downstreann direction of the fresh air ,supplied thereto by a fresh air supply 14, a blower 20, a primary heating chamber 30, a pressure attenuation chamber 31 with a gas manifold 12 disposed therein for a gas 13: a mixing chamber 32, and a chock flap 33. ~1s .fresh air is aspirated into primary heating chamber 30 through blower 20 just after activation of gas-air supply means 10, the aspirated air is;heated_within primary heating chsmber 30 through absorption of heat from burn room 1: The heated ais 21 and the gas 13 from ga.S
manifold 12 pass through pressure attenuation chamber 31, which is tapered from primary ri heating chamber 30 towards mixing charrabex 32, so that vaporized gas together with air is conveyed to miring chamber 32 and is mixed into a combustible gas-air mixture 40 therein, the gas-air mixture 40, after having passed check klap 33 which prevents it from being sucked back into gas-air supply means 10, is exiting mixing chamber 32 to enter bum room 1. Thm, gay-air mixture 40 enters burn room 1 from gas-air supply means 10 immediately after having passed clZeck flap 33, flowing towards a firM igrxition surface 51 of an ignitor 50 so that an abrupt generation of a flame occurs at first ignition surface S l , f1 sheet metal divertor 60 inverts the flow direction of a portion of gas-air mixture 40 and tktus directs it to a second ignition surface 52 of the ignitor 50, producing a similar ignition thereon, wherein the ignition on the first ignition surface 51 is only very slightly offset temporarily of the ignition on the second ignition surface 52, leading to a zoalastic abnbp: spreading of flames.
In the inventive dual ignition of gas-air mixture 40 the ceneiation of flames is accelerated as compared to the prior art, because there is no need for the g~.~ 13 to "'ruzi after" the air available in burn room 1. Further, sheet metal divertor 60 provides fox generation of whirls of .flames.
The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description, the claims and the drawings .rzaay separately or in any combination thereof be signif cant fox realising the invention in ite diverse embodiments.
I /.
Spaniol, Armin LIST OF REFERENCE NU~IER~1L5 1 burn room 2 installation chamber 3 separating wall 4 ceiling fireplace gas-air supply means 11 gas supply cotaduit 12 gas manifold 13 gas 14 fresh air supply blower 21 ai.r primary heating claaznber 1 pressure attenuation chamber 32 mixing chlmber 33 check flap gas-air mixture SO igra.itor 51 ignition surface 52 ignition surface 53 current supply line 60 sheet metal divertor 70 manual controller unit 80 emergency stop 90 operator console 100 flashover 110 smoke
First. no indications for the development of a flashover are perceptible before entering the burn room. On the other hand, the second flame is generated by releasing pure gas from a gas manifold into the burn room and igniting it using the air available therein, which causes the flames to spread relaCively slowly, or "lazy", as the gas searches for combustible air, which under no circumstances is capable of representing the dangers of an actual flashover.
In addition to flashover phenomena, so called "ro.llovers" consisting of fire .fronts rolling.back and .forth, a.~ well as "backdrafts" caused by re-ignition of heated items.
are known to involve abruptly spreading flames.
It is the object of the present invention to improve the method and arrangement of the described character so as to overeo.me the drawbacks of the prior art, particularly to produce a more realistic abmpt flame propagation than in the prior art, for simulating flashover, rollover and/or backdrafl phenomena. ,A.t the same time the safety of the f refighters to be trained is to be ensured. Ellso, warning indications of an abrupt sprEading of flames that is about to develop should be simulated.
'.Che obiect concerning the inventive method is solved by releasing the gas, after havinm been mixed with oxygen, .into the bum chamber as a combustible gas-oxygen mixture and then igniting it.
Provisions may be zxtade for igniting the gas-oxygen znxxtuc~ within the burn chamber on at least two spaced Iocat.ions to generate two. preferably contra-directional, tire fronts.
Further, the invention proposes to supply said oxygen via air, especially fresh air.
:~Iso, according to the invention said gas may be supplied in the form of propane gas, preferably vaporized.
A prefezTed modification accoadiiig to the invrrition is characterized in that smoke is pushed out of the burn room and is subsEquently at least parkially sucked back into it, at temperatures above a predetermined temperature threshold value as measured within the burn room with the access door closed, said temperature threshold value being characteristic for the development of an abrupt spreading of .flames, wherein such smoke movement preferably is repeated periodically.
Provisions may be made xor pushing smoke out of the burn. .room and tucking it back therein, respectively, for approximately up to one minute each.
Further, the invention proposes to have the smoke .movement stopped by opening the burn room access door, and to subsequently initiate the delivery and ignition of the gas-oxygen mixture, preferably manually.
The object concerning the azrlngement according to the invention is solved by a gas-oxygen supply means adjacent the ceiling of the burnroona, from which a gac-oxygen mixture is introduced into the burn roam, flowing to~~ardc at least one ignitor.
T.he gac-oxygen supply means may by adapted to comprise in downstream direction of the gas andlor oxygen one after another: a blower for aspirating oxygen particularly contained in fresh air, a primary heating chamber for heating the oxygen by absorption of heat of the burn room, a pressure attenuation chamber. a gas manifold for introducing gas. such ac propane gas or the like. into the pressure attenuation chamber. a mixing chamber for mixing gas, preferably evaporated, and axygEn to a combustible gas-oxygen mixtuie, andlor a unit .for preventing sucking back, such as in x.he form of a cheek flap ox the like.
_g_ Further, according to he invention the ignitor is proposed to comprise a pair of oppositely extending electrodes having two oppositely: facixag end faces. each providing an ignition surface. and a curxent supply line Additionally, the ignitor may be adapted to have at least one ignition surface disposed at not more than one meter in front of the gas-oxygen mixture outlet of said gas-oxygen supply means.
Further, a manual control unit may be provided for activating and deactivating, respectively, said gas-oxygen supply means and/or said ignitor.
Also, accozding to the invention there rnay be provided at lEast one sheet metal divertor between the ceiling of the burn room on one sidE and the gas-oxygen supply means and the ignitor on the other side, for generating whirls of flames.
Further, the invention proposes to dispose the gas-oxygen supply zzaeans outside the burn roo .rn, particular.ty within an installation chamber separated from the burn room by a separating wall.
Also, the gas-oxygen supply means may be adaptEd to be tapered in the downstream direction of the gas and/or oxygen, especially in the area of the pressure attenuation chamber.
Preferred embodiments of the invention are characterized by at least one temperature sensor within the burn room, a smoke generator for blowing smoke out of the burn room, preferably at least adjacent the access door, such as between the access door and the associated threshold or the like, and a further blower for at least partially sucking back said smoke into tho burn chamber, wherein said temperature sensor, said smoke generator attd said further blower are functionally associated to each other.
The smoke generator and the further blower may be adapted to be activated;
preferably automatically, with the burn .room access door open. and to be inactivated with the burn room ,5_ access door closed, upon heating up to a thxeshvld temperature sEnsed within the burn room by cxteans of said temperature sensor.
Finally, the invention also proposes the smoke generator and/or the further blower to be mounted on the access door, preferably adjsicent the associated threshold.
The invention thus is based upon the unexpected realisation of the possibility to simulate actual conditions of a flashover, including propagation of lieht, heat and pressure, within a burn room of a firefi~htex training installation by introducing a combustible mixture of gas, such as vaporized propane gas and oxygen, as contained in fresh air, into the burn room and igniting it therein, so that in contrast to known simulations there is zto need for the gas to flow after the oxygen which is still available in the burtx room, for being ignited. Preferably, accordinfi to the invexition the generation of the flashover is initiated manually to minimize hazards for the firefighters that axe to be trained. Also, the combu.~tible mixture according to the invention,preferably is ignited on at least two locations so as to produce a pair of oppositely directed fire fronts. and whirls of flames are caused according to the invention by means of sheet metal divertors.
Additionally, the invention for the first time piovides the possibility to simulate the early detection of a flas.hover about to develop by simulating warning indications, namely in generating smoke that is pushed out of the bun room, with the access door closed. above a threshold temperature chaxactexistic for the development of an abrupt spreading of flames, and that is at least partially sucked back into the burn zoom after a ftw seconds.
Other features and advantages ofthe invention will be apparent from the following description, in which two embodiment. of the invention are; discussed in detail with reference to the schematic drawings in which;
Figure 1 is a sectional view through a burn chamber including an inventive aaangement; and Figure 2 is a perspective partial view of another inventive arrangement.
As is apparent from figure 1, a fireplace S is positioned in a burn roozra 1 for simulating, by way of example, combustion of a sofa disposed on the floor of the bum room. A
gas-air supply means 10 enters burn zvom 1 just beneath the ceiling 4 thereof, the gas-air supply means being conuaected to a gas supply conduit 11, for supply of e.g. pure propane gas, and to a fresh air supply 14, and being capable of releasing a gas-air mixture 40 into burn room 1 towards an ignitor 50, for initiating an abrupt flame spreading 100 to simulate a flashover.
The simulated tlashover is defined by a propagation of flazxtes in at least two opposite diree2ions due to ignition on a pair of opposite ignition surfaces, and by whirling flames due to the positioning o.f a sheet metal divertor 60 in the path of the flames. In addition to fireplace 5 and to flashover 100, smoke 1 l0 may also be introduced into burn zoom 1.
Gas-air supply means 10 and ign.itor SO naay be activated and deactivated, respectively, through manual controller unit 70, which in turn is connected to emergency stop 80 within burn room 1 and to operator console 90 outside the burn room 1. For training firefighters, initially fireplace 5 is activated and smolte 110 is introduced into burn room 1, respectively controlled through operator eonsole.90. Subsequezitly, a fast extinguishing exercise xxtay take place, during which a simulated flashover l00 may then be initiated according to the invention via manual controller unit 70 by a team supervisor. Once, gas-air supply means 10 and ignitor 50 have been activated through manual controller unit 70 and controller console 90, ig.aition of the gas-air mixture 40 occurs in the area of ignitor 50, said ignition occurring abruptly with a sisnultaaeous propagation of light, heat and pressure with nearly realistic conditions.
Referring to fi~-ure 2, a specific arrangement according to the inventiomwill now be discussed in detail. The arrangement comprises a gas-air supply means 10 disposed outside burn roam 1 i.r< an inst<~llation chamber separated by a separating wall 3. The gas-air supply means 10 itself comprises, .in downstreann direction of the fresh air ,supplied thereto by a fresh air supply 14, a blower 20, a primary heating chamber 30, a pressure attenuation chamber 31 with a gas manifold 12 disposed therein for a gas 13: a mixing chamber 32, and a chock flap 33. ~1s .fresh air is aspirated into primary heating chamber 30 through blower 20 just after activation of gas-air supply means 10, the aspirated air is;heated_within primary heating chsmber 30 through absorption of heat from burn room 1: The heated ais 21 and the gas 13 from ga.S
manifold 12 pass through pressure attenuation chamber 31, which is tapered from primary ri heating chamber 30 towards mixing charrabex 32, so that vaporized gas together with air is conveyed to miring chamber 32 and is mixed into a combustible gas-air mixture 40 therein, the gas-air mixture 40, after having passed check klap 33 which prevents it from being sucked back into gas-air supply means 10, is exiting mixing chamber 32 to enter bum room 1. Thm, gay-air mixture 40 enters burn room 1 from gas-air supply means 10 immediately after having passed clZeck flap 33, flowing towards a firM igrxition surface 51 of an ignitor 50 so that an abrupt generation of a flame occurs at first ignition surface S l , f1 sheet metal divertor 60 inverts the flow direction of a portion of gas-air mixture 40 and tktus directs it to a second ignition surface 52 of the ignitor 50, producing a similar ignition thereon, wherein the ignition on the first ignition surface 51 is only very slightly offset temporarily of the ignition on the second ignition surface 52, leading to a zoalastic abnbp: spreading of flames.
In the inventive dual ignition of gas-air mixture 40 the ceneiation of flames is accelerated as compared to the prior art, because there is no need for the g~.~ 13 to "'ruzi after" the air available in burn room 1. Further, sheet metal divertor 60 provides fox generation of whirls of .flames.
The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description, the claims and the drawings .rzaay separately or in any combination thereof be signif cant fox realising the invention in ite diverse embodiments.
I /.
Spaniol, Armin LIST OF REFERENCE NU~IER~1L5 1 burn room 2 installation chamber 3 separating wall 4 ceiling fireplace gas-air supply means 11 gas supply cotaduit 12 gas manifold 13 gas 14 fresh air supply blower 21 ai.r primary heating claaznber 1 pressure attenuation chamber 32 mixing chlmber 33 check flap gas-air mixture SO igra.itor 51 ignition surface 52 ignition surface 53 current supply line 60 sheet metal divertor 70 manual controller unit 80 emergency stop 90 operator console 100 flashover 110 smoke
Claims (18)
1. A method for simulating an abrupt spreading of flames in a firefighter training installation including a burn room for at least one further fireplace, wherein a gas is directed near to the ceiling of the burn room and is ignited, characterized in that said gas, after having been mixed with oxygen is released into the burn chamber as a combustible gas-oxygen mixture and is then ignited.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said gas-oxygen mixture in the burn chamber is ignited on at least two spaced locations to generate two preferably contra-directional, fire fronts.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that said oxygen is supplied via air, particularly fresh air.
4. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said gas is supplied in the form of propane gas, preferably vaporized.
5. The method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that smoke is pushed out of the burn room and is subsequently at least partially sucked back into same at temperatures above a set temperature threshold value as measured within the burn room with the access door closed, said temperature threshold value being characteristic for the development of an abrupt spreading of flames, wherein such smoke movement preferably is repeated periodically.
6. The method as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that smoke is pushed out of the burn room and sucked back into same, respectively, for approximately up to one minute each.
7. The method as claimed in claim 5 or claim 6, characterized in that said smoke movement is stopped by opening the burn room access door, and in that subsequently a supply and ignition of said gas-oxygen mixture is initiated, preferably manually.
8. A simulating arrangement for an abrupt spreading of flames in a firefighter training installation including a burn room for at least one further fireplace by supplying and igniting a gas near the ceiling of said burn room particularly according to a method as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterised by a gas-oxygen supply means (10) adjacent the ceiling (4) of said burn room (1) from which a gas-oxygen mixture (40) is introduced into the burn room (1), flowing towards at least one ignitor (50).
9. The arrangement as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that said gas-oxygen supply means (10) comprises in the downstream direction of said gas (13) and/or said oxygen (21) one after another:
a blower (20) for aspirating oxygen particularly contained in fresh air (14), a primary heating chamber (30) for heating said oxygen by absorption of heat of the burn room, a pressure attenuation chamber (31), a gas manifold (12) for introducing gas (13), such as propane gas or the like, into Che pressure attenuation chamber (31), a mixing chamber (32) for mixing gas (13), preferably evaporated, and oxygen (21) into a combustible gas-oxygen mixture (40), and/or a unit for preventing sucking back, such as in the form of a check flap (33) or the like.
a blower (20) for aspirating oxygen particularly contained in fresh air (14), a primary heating chamber (30) for heating said oxygen by absorption of heat of the burn room, a pressure attenuation chamber (31), a gas manifold (12) for introducing gas (13), such as propane gas or the like, into Che pressure attenuation chamber (31), a mixing chamber (32) for mixing gas (13), preferably evaporated, and oxygen (21) into a combustible gas-oxygen mixture (40), and/or a unit for preventing sucking back, such as in the form of a check flap (33) or the like.
10. The arrangement as claimed in claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that said ignitor (50) comprises a pair of oppositely extending electrodes with two oppositely facing end faces each providing an ignition surface (51, 52), and a current supply line (53).
11. The arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 10 characterized in that said ignitor (50) has at least one ignition surface (51), which is disposed at a maximum of 1 meter in front of the gas-oxygen mixture (40) outlet of said gas-oxygen supply means (10).
12. The arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 11, characterized by a manual controller unit (70) for activating and deactivating, respectively, said gas-oxygen supply means (10) and/or said ignitor (50).
13. The arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized by at least one sheet metal divertor (60) between the ceiling (4) of burn loom (1) on one side and the gas-oxygen supply means (10) and the ignitor (50) on the other side, for generating flame whirls.
14. The arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the gas-oxygen supply means (10) is disposed outside burn room (1), particularly within an installation chamber (2) separated from the burn room by a separating wall (3).
15. The arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that said gas-oxygen supply means (10) is tapered in the downstream direction of said gas (13) and/or said oxygen (21), especially in the area of the pressure attenuation chamber (31).
16. The arrangement as claimed in any one of claims 8 to 15, characterized by at least one temperature sensor within said burn room, a smoke generator for blowing smoke out of the burn room, preferably at least in the area of the access door, such as between the access door and the associated threshold or the like, and a further blower for at least partially sucking back said smoke into the burn chamber, wherein said temperature sensor, said stroke generator and said further blower are functionally associated to each other.
17. The arrangement as claimed in claim 16 characterioed in that said smoke generator and said further blower are activated, preferably automatically, with the burn room access door open and axe inactivated with the burn room access door closed upon heating up to a threshold temperature sensed within the burn room by means of said temperature sensor.
18. The arrangement as claimed in claim 16 or claim 17, characterized in that said smoke generator and/or said further blower is/are mounted adjacent the access door, preferably in the vicinity of the associated threshold.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19959640.9 | 1999-12-10 | ||
| DE1999159640 DE19959640C2 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 1999-12-10 | Method and device for simulating sudden flame propagation |
| PCT/DE2000/004405 WO2001041874A2 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2000-12-08 | Method and device for simulating the rapid spread of flames |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2393203A1 true CA2393203A1 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
Family
ID=7932182
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002393203A Abandoned CA2393203A1 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2000-12-08 | Method and device for simulating the rapid spread of flames |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1244499A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2003516207A (en) |
| AU (1) | AU3000501A (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0016268A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2393203A1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE19959640C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2001041874A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200204573B (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111260989A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-06-09 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院士官学校 | Practical training platform for automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression device |
Families Citing this family (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10002349C2 (en) | 2000-01-20 | 2001-11-29 | Armin Spaniol | Fire training facility |
| DE10005046C2 (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2002-01-17 | Armin Spaniol | Pilot burner, in particular for a fire training facility |
| DE10204835B4 (en) * | 2002-02-06 | 2004-05-06 | I.F.I. Institut für Industrieaerodynamik GmbH | Fire simulation device |
| ES2325517B1 (en) * | 2008-03-04 | 2010-06-21 | Fundacion Labein | HIGH POWER FIRE TEST EQUIPMENT. |
| DE102008015244B4 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2010-01-21 | Jakob Spiegel | Method and device for simulating a particular fire situation, in particular with sudden flame propagation |
| CH709310B1 (en) | 2014-02-27 | 2017-11-15 | Naderer Brandsimulation Ag | Fire-fighting training method and apparatus for simulating a flashover in a closed space. |
| DE102014016311B4 (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2016-07-28 | Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA | Fire training system |
| CN104332090B (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2016-08-31 | 中国矿业大学 | Large scale combustible tilts combustion characteristics experimental provision |
| KR101707030B1 (en) * | 2016-06-21 | 2017-02-16 | 대한민국 | Educational combustion visualization apparatus |
| CN106680416A (en) * | 2016-12-15 | 2017-05-17 | 青岛海尔股份有限公司 | Domestic appliance ignition simulation laboratory and detection method of simulated ignition of domestic appliances |
| CN108877364B (en) * | 2017-05-16 | 2020-12-04 | 深圳小海洋视觉科技有限公司 | Community fire-fighting training system based on virtual reality technology and operation method |
| US20230032357A1 (en) * | 2020-01-23 | 2023-02-02 | Nec Corporation | System and method for calling attention |
| DE102020115486B4 (en) * | 2020-06-10 | 2022-08-25 | AISCO Firetrainer GmbH | fire trainer |
| CN113820443B (en) * | 2021-09-02 | 2022-08-23 | 深圳职业技术学院 | Flame spread characteristic measuring device and measuring method |
| CN115779326B (en) * | 2022-11-11 | 2023-06-06 | 中国消防救援学院 | Combustion device for fire simulation training system and simulation method thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5181851A (en) * | 1991-05-22 | 1993-01-26 | Aai Corporation | Flashover simulation for firefighter training |
| FR2698471B1 (en) * | 1992-11-25 | 1995-03-03 | Pierre Elizabe | Installation for the training of personnel in the handling of fire extinguishers under real fire conditions. |
| US5518403A (en) * | 1994-03-25 | 1996-05-21 | Symtron Systems, Inc. | Rollover fire fighting trainer |
-
1999
- 1999-12-10 DE DE1999159640 patent/DE19959640C2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2000
- 2000-12-08 JP JP2001543216A patent/JP2003516207A/en active Pending
- 2000-12-08 EP EP00990520A patent/EP1244499A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-12-08 CA CA002393203A patent/CA2393203A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-12-08 WO PCT/DE2000/004405 patent/WO2001041874A2/en active Search and Examination
- 2000-12-08 BR BR0016268-0A patent/BR0016268A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-08 AU AU30005/01A patent/AU3000501A/en not_active Abandoned
-
2002
- 2002-06-07 ZA ZA200204573A patent/ZA200204573B/en unknown
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111260989A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-06-09 | 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院士官学校 | Practical training platform for automatic fire extinguishing and explosion suppression device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19959640A1 (en) | 2001-09-06 |
| AU3000501A (en) | 2001-06-18 |
| DE19959640C2 (en) | 2001-12-20 |
| ZA200204573B (en) | 2003-11-26 |
| JP2003516207A (en) | 2003-05-13 |
| BR0016268A (en) | 2002-08-13 |
| EP1244499A2 (en) | 2002-10-02 |
| WO2001041874A2 (en) | 2001-06-14 |
| WO2001041874A3 (en) | 2001-12-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Discontinued |