EP1230728A1 - Ladungspumpe zum erzeugen von hohen spannungen für halbleiterschaltungen - Google Patents
Ladungspumpe zum erzeugen von hohen spannungen für halbleiterschaltungenInfo
- Publication number
- EP1230728A1 EP1230728A1 EP00979448A EP00979448A EP1230728A1 EP 1230728 A1 EP1230728 A1 EP 1230728A1 EP 00979448 A EP00979448 A EP 00979448A EP 00979448 A EP00979448 A EP 00979448A EP 1230728 A1 EP1230728 A1 EP 1230728A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- well
- charge pump
- transistor
- power transistor
- pump
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
- H02M3/073—Charge pumps of the Schenkel-type
Definitions
- the invention relates to a charge pump for generating high voltages for semiconductor integrated circuits having a plurality of pumping stages each with at least one managerial "stungstransistor for producing a pumping voltage on a power path, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- high voltages are to be understood as voltages which are greater in magnitude than a positive and / or negative supply voltage Vdd / Vss applied to the relevant integrated semiconductor circuit.
- Such high positive and also negative voltages are required in most modern semiconductor circuits. This applies in particular to circuits which contain memories such as EEPROMs, DRAMs, FRAMs etc.
- the basic elements are made up of p- and n-doped regions with different doping, so that there are a number of pn junctions and pnp and npn transistors.
- the basic elements (PMOS, NMOS, R, C) generally only generate positive voltages with a maximum level of Vdd and gative S pannungen used with a minimal level Vss, wherein by default the n-well of the PMOS transistors to Vdd and the p-well of the NMOS transistors is connected to Vss.
- the pn junctions mentioned are therefore always polarized in the reverse direction or the pnp and npn transistors are always non-conductive.
- the n-well which contains at least one p-doped channel of a PMOS transistor, must not be negatively charged, since the n-well / p-substrate junction is a forward-polarized pn diode represents. Accordingly, the well potential must not be less than the voltage potential at a contact placed in this well (positive base-emitter voltage, pnp transistor, p + - contact / n-well / p-substrate).
- FIG. 5 shows the circuit of a charge pump for negative output voltages
- FIG. 7 shows a corresponding circuit for positive output voltages
- FIGS. 6 and 8 each show a timing diagram for controlling the circuit according to FIG. 5 and FIG. 7.
- the circuits are each composed of N + 1 pump stages x, which are connected in series and together form a power path.
- a supply voltage Vdd is present at the input of the circuit, from which the pump voltage Vpmp is generated, which charges a charging capacitor Cload at the output of the charge pump.
- the switching elements of a pump stage x are each identified by the same second index x.
- each pump stage x also has a control transistor M2x and a boost capacitor Cbx, which form a control circuit.
- the connections of the pump and boost capacitors in FIGS. 5 and 7, designated FI to F4 are supplied with the clock signals of the same designations in accordance with FIGS. 6 and 8, respectively.
- a clock signal with a low level is present at the pump capacitor Cp2 of the second stage and the boost capacitor Cbl during the first clock phase t1, and a clock signal at the pump capacitor Cpl of the first stage and the boost capacitor Cb2 of the second stage.
- the power transistor Mll of the first stage carries the required charge, while the control transistor M21 of the first stage serves to precharge the gate of the power transistor during the first clock phase tl.
- a clock signal with a low level is fed to the pump capacitor Cpl of the first stage and the boost capacitor Cb2 of the second stage and a clock signal with a high level is applied to the pump capacitor Cp2 of the second stage and the boost capacitor Cbl of the first stage, the control transistor M21 of the first stage is closed and the potential at the gate of the power transistor Mll is reduced by a maximum of the supply voltage Vdd with a boost pulse on the boost capacitor Cbl.
- the power transistor Mll opens in particular well, and the voltage drop across this transistor Mll can be minimized.
- Vgs voltage gate-source voltage of the control transistor M21 (which corresponds to the drain-source voltage across the power transistor Mll) in the first clock phase. is greater than the threshold voltage of the PMOS transistors used for this. If the Vgs voltage is less than the threshold voltage of the
- the gate of the power transistor Mll is no longer precharged, so that this transistor Mll remains non-conductive and the pump fails.
- a second problem arises when the pump is spontaneously discharged to 0 volts by a discharge element at the output of the circuit. Charges then remain on the gates of the power transistors Mix, which cause a relatively high negative or positive potential there. The result of this is that all the power transistors Mix are highly conductive and connect the input of the pump circuit to its output. If the supply voltage is too low, the charges on the gates of the power transistors can no longer be removed after the pump is switched on again. This means that the short circuit between the input and the output of the charge pump is retained and the pump can no longer start up.
- NMOS or PMOS transistors with their bulk connection have to be kept at 0 volts or are per se at 0 volts so that the pn transition Tub substrate does not become conductive.
- the threshold voltage increases, more so in a p-well process than in an n-well process. This will cause the output voltage through the last transistor in the chain (am Output, ie maximum potential) depending on the temperature and the technology used.
- the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a charge pump of the type mentioned at the outset, in which the three problems mentioned above essentially do not occur, ie with which reliable pump operation for generating relatively high output voltages is possible even at low operating voltages.
- a first and a second charging transistor can be connected to the well charging path in order to generate the predetermined potential.
- the charging transistors are connected in series, the connection point of which is connected to the bulk connection of the power transistor and the external connections of the series circuit are parallel to the outputs of the power transistor.
- the control connection of the first and second charging transistor is each connected to a first and second boost capacitor, to which clock signals for controlling the charge pump are applied.
- FIG. 1 shows a basic circuit diagram of such an embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows a timing diagram for controlling the charge pump according to FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic structure of a first transistor for the circuit certain FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic structure of a second transistor for the circuit according to FIG. 1;
- FIG. 6 shows a timing diagram for driving the circuit according to FIG. 5;
- FIG. 8 is a timing diagram for driving the circuit according to FIG. 7.
- FIG. 1 shows a basic circuit diagram of a charge pump according to the invention for negative output voltages, which has a first, a second, possibly further, and a last pump stage.
- a supply voltage Vdd is present at the input of the circuit, from which the pump voltage Vpmp is generated from the N + 1 pump stages at the output of the charge pump and charges a charging capacitor Cload.
- a pump capacitor Cpx is connected to the charging path between two pump stages, and is charged with corresponding pump clock signals FI, F2.
- each pump stage x has the power transistor mix connected in series with the charging path. Furthermore, a first and a second boost capacitor Cblx, Cb2x are provided, at their first connections boost clock signals FI ', F4; F2 ', F3 are present.
- the second connection of the first boost capacitor Cblx is connected to a control input of the first control transistor M2x, a first output of the second control transistor M3x, and a control input of the second charging transistor M5x.
- the second connection of the second boost capacitor Cb2x is connected to control inputs of the second control transistor M3x, the power transistor Mix and the first charging transistor M4x, and to a first output of the first control transistor M2x.
- the outputs of the first and second charging transistors M4x, M5x are connected in series, the outer connections of the series connection being connected in parallel with the outputs of the power transistor Mix.
- the bulk connections B of the first and second charging transistors M4x, M5x and of the power transistor Mix are connected to the connection point of the series connection of the charging transistors.
- the pump capacitor Cpx is connected with its second connection to the output-side charging path of the respective pump stage x.
- FIG. 4 shows the corresponding structure of a PMOS transistor for a charge pump for generating positive output voltages.
- the NMOS transistor must be manufactured in an n-well process as a so-called triple-well transistor.
- the structure thus comprises in a p-epitaxial layer 10 (p-sub- strat) a first n-well 11, into which a second p-well 12 is introduced.
- a gate electrode 13 is arranged in a known manner above this second p-well 12.
- n + -doped regions (n + - junctions) 11a, 11b which are connected to ground.
- the second p-well 12 there is a second, n + -doped area 12a (n + -junction) for the drain connection D, and a third, n + -doped area 12b (n + -junction) for the source connection S of the NMOS- Transistor.
- the gate electrode 13 is connected to the gate connection G of the NMOS transistor, while the bulk connection B is applied to a fourth, p + -doped region 12c (p + juncton) in the second p-well 12.
- the "problem element" is also shown in this figure, namely the npn transistor between the n + junctio 12a, the second p-well 12 and the first n-well 11.
- the PMOS transistor comprises an n-well 21 which is introduced into a p-epitaxial layer 20 (p-substrate) and over which a gate electrode 23 is arranged in a known manner.
- n-well 21 there are first, n + -doped regions 21a, 21b which form the bulk connection B of the PMOS transistor.
- p + -doped region 21c, 21d are provided, which represent the drain or source terminal D, S of the transistor, while the gate terminal G is applied to the gate electrode 23.
- the "problem element” namely the pnp transistor between the p + junction 21c, the n-well 21 and the p-epitaxial layer 20.
- Vpwanne - Vdnpn ⁇ Vjunction, where Vdnpn is the base threshold voltage of the npn transistor, and
- Vnwanne + Vdpnp> Vjunction, where Vdpnp is the base threshold voltage of the pnp transistor.
- the inventive connection of the transistors in each pump stage shown in FIG. 1, that is to say the separation of the power path from the control and the trough charging path, makes it possible to gate the gate of this even with an extremely low voltage difference across the power transistor mix Switch transistors and well-charging transistors M4x, M5x with the voltage swing defined by the first and second control transistors M2x, M3x and the first and second boost capacitors Cblx, Cb2x.
- the first boost capacitor Cbll of the first stage, the second boost capacitor Cb22 of the second stage, the first boost capacitor Cbl3 of the third stage and the second pump capacitor Cp2 are connected (.0) M> P 1
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
- Dram (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19953882A DE19953882C2 (de) | 1999-11-09 | 1999-11-09 | Ladungspumpe zum Erzeugen von hohen Spannungen für Halbleiterschaltungen |
| DE19953882 | 1999-11-09 | ||
| PCT/DE2000/003874 WO2001035518A1 (de) | 1999-11-09 | 2000-11-03 | Ladungspumpe zum erzeugen von hohen spannungen für halbleiterschaltungen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1230728A1 true EP1230728A1 (de) | 2002-08-14 |
Family
ID=7928430
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00979448A Withdrawn EP1230728A1 (de) | 1999-11-09 | 2000-11-03 | Ladungspumpe zum erzeugen von hohen spannungen für halbleiterschaltungen |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6677806B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1230728A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19953882C2 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001035518A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10137698A1 (de) * | 2001-08-01 | 2003-02-27 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Verfahren und integrierte Schaltung zur Erhöhung einer Spannung |
| US6888400B2 (en) * | 2002-08-09 | 2005-05-03 | Ememory Technology Inc. | Charge pump circuit without body effects |
| US6914791B1 (en) * | 2002-11-06 | 2005-07-05 | Halo Lsi, Inc. | High efficiency triple well charge pump circuit |
| US6878981B2 (en) * | 2003-03-20 | 2005-04-12 | Tower Semiconductor Ltd. | Triple-well charge pump stage with no threshold voltage back-bias effect |
| US7084697B2 (en) * | 2003-07-23 | 2006-08-01 | Nec Electronics Corporation | Charge pump circuit capable of completely cutting off parasitic transistors |
| KR100510552B1 (ko) * | 2003-10-27 | 2005-08-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 향상된 전하전달 효율을 갖는 전하펌프 회로 |
| FR2864271B1 (fr) * | 2003-12-19 | 2006-03-03 | Atmel Corp | Circuit de pompe a charge a rendement eleve, a faible cout |
| US6952129B2 (en) * | 2004-01-12 | 2005-10-04 | Ememory Technology Inc. | Four-phase dual pumping circuit |
| ITMI20040309A1 (it) * | 2004-02-24 | 2004-05-24 | St Microelectronics Srl | Pompa di carica con migliorata polarizzazione delle regioni di body dei pass-transistor |
| FR2864272B1 (fr) * | 2004-04-30 | 2006-05-26 | Atmel Corp | Circuit de pompe a charge a rendement elevee, a faible cout |
| KR100573780B1 (ko) * | 2004-05-25 | 2006-04-25 | 재단법인서울대학교산학협력재단 | 전하펌프 |
| TWI261407B (en) * | 2004-08-03 | 2006-09-01 | Ememory Technology Inc | Charge pump circuit |
| US7317347B2 (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2008-01-08 | Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. | Charge pump circuit with reuse of accumulated electrical charge |
| KR100640615B1 (ko) * | 2004-12-20 | 2006-11-01 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 고 전압 발생용 전하 펌프 회로 |
| US7301388B2 (en) * | 2004-12-22 | 2007-11-27 | Mosel Vitelic Corporation | Charge pump with ensured pumping capability |
| US7095268B2 (en) * | 2005-01-11 | 2006-08-22 | Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. | Single-stage and modular multi-stage clock-booster |
| US20070176670A1 (en) * | 2005-01-13 | 2007-08-02 | Pasquale Corsonello | Charge pump based subsystem for secure smart-card design |
| TWI263404B (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2006-10-01 | Novatek Microelectronics Corp | Electronic switch and the operating method of transistor |
| SG130050A1 (en) * | 2005-08-26 | 2007-03-20 | Bluechips Technology Pte Ltd | A high voltage charge pump with wide range of supply voltage |
| US7855591B2 (en) * | 2006-06-07 | 2010-12-21 | Atmel Corporation | Method and system for providing a charge pump very low voltage applications |
| US7652522B2 (en) * | 2006-09-05 | 2010-01-26 | Atmel Corporation | High efficiency low cost bi-directional charge pump circuit for very low voltage applications |
| US20080068068A1 (en) * | 2006-09-19 | 2008-03-20 | Sridhar Yadala | Method and system for charge pumps |
| TW200826446A (en) * | 2006-12-08 | 2008-06-16 | Ememory Technology Inc | Two-phase charge pump circuit capable of avoiding body effect |
| US8232833B2 (en) * | 2007-05-23 | 2012-07-31 | Silicon Storage Technology, Inc. | Charge pump systems and methods |
| US7714636B2 (en) * | 2007-11-26 | 2010-05-11 | Elite Semiconductor Memory Technology Inc. | Charge pump circuit and cell thereof |
| EP2288053A1 (de) * | 2009-08-19 | 2011-02-23 | Mechaless Systems GmbH | Optischer Empfänger zum Empfangen von Licht |
| US8736351B2 (en) * | 2011-01-13 | 2014-05-27 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Negative charge pump |
| EP2860865A1 (de) * | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-15 | Dialog Semiconductor GmbH | Hocheffiziente Ladungspumpenschaltung |
| US9768711B2 (en) * | 2014-06-13 | 2017-09-19 | Zohaib Hameed | RF-DC power converter |
| US11611276B2 (en) * | 2014-12-04 | 2023-03-21 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company, Ltd. | Charge pump circuit |
| US9577009B1 (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2017-02-21 | Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | RRAM cell with PMOS access transistor |
| US10461635B1 (en) | 2018-05-15 | 2019-10-29 | Analog Devices Global Unlimited Company | Low VIN high efficiency chargepump |
| US10847227B2 (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2020-11-24 | Silicon Storage Technology, Inc. | Charge pump for use in non-volatile flash memory devices |
Family Cites Families (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL8702734A (nl) * | 1987-11-17 | 1989-06-16 | Philips Nv | Spanningsvermenigvuldigschakeling en gelijkrichtelement. |
| US5335200A (en) * | 1993-01-05 | 1994-08-02 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | High voltage negative charge pump with low voltage CMOS transistors |
| KR0123849B1 (ko) * | 1994-04-08 | 1997-11-25 | 문정환 | 반도체 디바이스의 내부 전압발생기 |
| US5920225A (en) * | 1995-12-20 | 1999-07-06 | Hyundai Electronic Industries, Co., Ltd. | Negative voltage drive circuit |
| DE19627197C1 (de) * | 1996-07-05 | 1998-03-26 | Siemens Ag | Vorrichtung zur Spannungsvervielfachung mit geringer Abhängigkeit der Ausgangsspannung von der Versorgungsspannung |
| ATE204413T1 (de) * | 1997-01-24 | 2001-09-15 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Schaltungsanordnung zum erzeugen negativer spannungen |
| US6130574A (en) * | 1997-01-24 | 2000-10-10 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Circuit configuration for producing negative voltages, charge pump having at least two circuit configurations and method of operating a charge pump |
| US5912560A (en) * | 1997-02-25 | 1999-06-15 | Waferscale Integration Inc. | Charge pump circuit for voltage boosting in integrated semiconductor circuits |
| US5933047A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 1999-08-03 | Mosaid Technologies Incorporated | High voltage generating circuit for volatile semiconductor memories |
| KR100280434B1 (ko) * | 1998-01-23 | 2001-03-02 | 김영환 | 고전압발생회로 |
| JP3554497B2 (ja) * | 1998-12-08 | 2004-08-18 | シャープ株式会社 | チャージポンプ回路 |
| US6292048B1 (en) * | 1999-11-11 | 2001-09-18 | Intel Corporation | Gate enhancement charge pump for low voltage power supply |
| TW476179B (en) * | 2000-02-11 | 2002-02-11 | Winbond Electronics Corp | Charge pump circuit applied in low supply voltage |
-
1999
- 1999-11-09 DE DE19953882A patent/DE19953882C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-11-03 WO PCT/DE2000/003874 patent/WO2001035518A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-11-03 EP EP00979448A patent/EP1230728A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-05-09 US US10/141,844 patent/US6677806B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0135518A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6677806B2 (en) | 2004-01-13 |
| WO2001035518A1 (de) | 2001-05-17 |
| DE19953882A1 (de) | 2001-05-17 |
| US20020190780A1 (en) | 2002-12-19 |
| DE19953882C2 (de) | 2001-10-18 |
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