EP1216310A1 - Capteur d'affinite pour la detection d'especes biologiques et/ou chimiques, et son utilisation - Google Patents
Capteur d'affinite pour la detection d'especes biologiques et/ou chimiques, et son utilisationInfo
- Publication number
- EP1216310A1 EP1216310A1 EP00962399A EP00962399A EP1216310A1 EP 1216310 A1 EP1216310 A1 EP 1216310A1 EP 00962399 A EP00962399 A EP 00962399A EP 00962399 A EP00962399 A EP 00962399A EP 1216310 A1 EP1216310 A1 EP 1216310A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nanoparticles
- sensor according
- affinity sensor
- binding surfaces
- affinity
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/6452—Individual samples arranged in a regular 2D-array, e.g. multiwell plates
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
- G01N33/54366—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing
- G01N33/54373—Apparatus specially adapted for solid-phase testing involving physiochemical end-point determination, e.g. wave-guides, FETS, gratings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00497—Features relating to the solid phase supports
- B01J2219/00527—Sheets
- B01J2219/00529—DNA chips
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00585—Parallel processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00596—Solid-phase processes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
- B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
- B01J2219/00608—DNA chips
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
- B01J2219/00605—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being directly bound or immobilised to solid supports
- B01J2219/00614—Delimitation of the attachment areas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
- B01J2219/00646—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being bound to beads immobilised on the solid supports
- B01J2219/00648—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces the compounds being bound to beads immobilised on the solid supports by the use of solid beads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
- B01J2219/00603—Making arrays on substantially continuous surfaces
- B01J2219/00659—Two-dimensional arrays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00718—Type of compounds synthesised
- B01J2219/0072—Organic compounds
- B01J2219/00722—Nucleotides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
- C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
- C40B40/00—Libraries per se, e.g. arrays, mixtures
- C40B40/04—Libraries containing only organic compounds
- C40B40/06—Libraries containing nucleotides or polynucleotides, or derivatives thereof
Definitions
- Affinity sensor for the detection of biological and or chemical species and its use
- the invention relates to an affinity sensor for the detection of biological and / or chemical species, which is particularly suitable for tasks in combinatorial chemistry, for diagnostic tasks, such as in medicine or for the development of new active substances, e.g. for medication or selective pesticides.
- Binding events on biochips are usually measured using
- Fluorescence measurement is time consuming and only with expensive optical ones Establish reading facilities. The longer exposure and exposure times required for quantitative measurements
- Accumulation times also cause a photochemical degradation of the dyes, which worsens the signal in the course of the measurement and makes quantification difficult.
- the intensity of the fluorescent light per excitation light quantity and binding event also depends on the specific chemical environment of the chromophores used for labeling. Therefore, from batch to batch and from test to test and even within a sample, there are considerable deviations in the measurement signals, which considerably impair the actually required quantification of the measurement signals.
- a slow photo- and thermochemical degradation of the chromophores also leads to the fact that measurement samples cannot be stored for a longer period, i.e. they cannot be archived and used for comparative measurements at a later date.
- US Pat. No. 5,556,756 describes a gold sol that can be used in analytical test kits. Since the analysis is based on a color change of the surface, particles between 1 nm and 5 nm are preferably used.
- the method described there has the disadvantage that, on the one hand, relatively large test areas have to be used and, on the other hand, permeable membranes have to be used in order to be able to carry out rinsing processes. This solution is not suitable for marking small binding areas in the middle and lower micrometer range.
- WO 98/57148 AI describes a method and an arrangement in which the changes in the angle of the surface plasmon resonance associated with the addition of such small particles to a thin metal film can be determined. This process requires a complex SPR arrangement and is also dependent on the existence of a metal layer on an otherwise transparent substrate that prevents the passage of light.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying an affinity sensor which enables rapid, quantitative and low-cost detection of the presence of biological and / or chemical species, in particular on areas in the lower to medium micrometer range.
- Reliable detection of binding events on surfaces in the lower to medium ⁇ m range is achieved in the context of the invention by the production of nanoparticle layers which are formed by markers, the density of which is particularly by absorption but also by reflection or scattering light measurements or by plasmon resonance measurements. measurements is quantifiable.
- the size-specific absorption of light can advantageously be used, as a result of which multiple markings are also possible using several monodisperse groups of nanoparticles with different diameters.
- the selective labeling of immobilized biomolecules has been surprising proven unproblematic. Gold particles have proven to be particularly favorable for marking. When using gold particles, such an affinity sensor can also be integrated in a device for determining the plasmon resonance. A selective binding can also be demonstrated in the case of relatively large particle diameters which already provide quite comfortable scattered light signals.
- the readout of binding events on biochips can be carried out particularly advantageously by the areal marking provided in the present invention with in particular metallic nanoparticles.
- Fig. 2 shows a partial area of the AfBnticianssensor according to Fig. 1 in a side view
- Fig. 3 is a scanning force microscope image of a nanoparticle layer, which is formed by a coating with 30 nm gold particles
- Fig. 4 shows a high-microscopic image of an individual
- FIG. 1 shows an example of an affinity sensor for the detection of biological and / or chemical species consisting of an optically transparent substrate 1, which is provided with a plurality of microstructured binding surfaces 2 spaced apart from one another.
- the type and design of the binding surfaces depends on the specification of the binding events to be determined and can be implemented as such by customary professional action, which is why no further explanations are required here.
- the bonding surfaces 2 are spaced apart by free-structured areas 11 of the substrate 1.
- the dimensioning of the side lengths of the individual bonding surfaces 2, which are square here takes place in such a way that it is set above the light-optical diffraction limit; in the example 2 ⁇ m, in any case> 0.5 ⁇ m.
- the side length of the optically transparent substrate 1 should be 3 mm, with the active surface area 22, namely the surface of the substrate 1, which is provided with the binding surfaces 2, only being of the order of 1 mm 2 for certain applications (e.g. rapid diagnostics) can also easily take up areas below 0.01 mm 2 , the only important thing is that the individual binding surfaces 2 are given a surface that lies above the light-optical diffraction limit, with the active surface area 22 occupied by all binding surfaces 2 from common lenses a numerical aperture between 0.1 ... 0.9, preferably 0.2, optical microscopes should be detectable. If one omits this advantage created by the invention, it is also possible to use expensive lenses with a larger aperture, in which case larger active surface areas 22 can also be used.
- FIG. 2 shows a partial area of the affinity sensor according to FIG. 1 in a side view, the same parts being designated with the same reference symbols as in FIG. 1.
- the nanoparticles 3 used in the context of the invention are provided with coupling partners 4 which have a high selective affinity for the binding surfaces 2 or, as shown in the example according to FIG. 2, sequences (DNA) specifically bound thereon.
- the following example is intended to explain:
- Oligonucleotides with, for example, 20 base pairs are immobilized on the mils-patterned areas of the substrate 1 and thus form the binding areas 2 described above.
- the affinity sensor thus prepared is mixed with a solution to be tested which contains DNA of unknown composition. This only binds to the binding surfaces 2, which carry oligonucleotides complementary to sections of the DNA.
- the surface of the nanoparticles is provided with a coupling partner 4, in the example an oligonucleotide, the sequence of which is such that it is not complementary to one of the binding surfaces 2 on the substrate 1 but is complementary to a conservative nucleotide sequence of the target molecules to be examined, which occurs in the same way in all target molecules in question (bound DNA).
- a coupling partner 4 in the example an oligonucleotide, the sequence of which is such that it is not complementary to one of the binding surfaces 2 on the substrate 1 but is complementary to a conservative nucleotide sequence of the target molecules to be examined, which occurs in the same way in all target molecules in question (bound DNA).
- a density of approx. 40 particles / ⁇ m 2 was obtained in the example, the diameter of 30 nm being given to the gold nanoparticles 3 used in the example.
- nanoparticle layers with a nanoparticle coating 31 of approx. 3% are obtained, which are immediately and clearly visible in the light microscope. These structures correspond to the pre-stabilized binding areas 2.
- the diameter ranges of the nanoparticles 3 can be defined within wide limits depending on the test assay to be designed in each case.
- the diameters of the nanoparticles can be set in the order of 2 ... 600 nm.
- a diameter range of 15 ... 60 nm is preferably selected.
- Metallic nanoparticles are preferably used in the context of the invention since they absorb light in a very effective manner, as a result of which nanoparticle occupations of the order of magnitude of 0.1% can be detected in transmitted light in the light microscope. This makes it possible to work just above the diffraction limit (1 ⁇ m .. 10 ⁇ m) even when the individual binding surfaces 2 are extended. In this way, 100 binding surfaces 2 can be placed on active surfaces 22 of significantly less than 0.1 mm in side length, 10,000 binding surfaces 2 on less than 1 mm 2 . Even for highly integrated affinity sensors with 100,000 binding areas 2, a total area of less than 1 mm 2 appears to be feasible.
- nanoparticles 3 also to contain metal-containing composite particles in the size range mentioned also use nanoparticles made of a semiconductor material, such as CdSe, InP, as well as coated nanoparticles, for example with ZnSe. It is also within the scope of the invention to use nanoparticles made of plastic, which preferably contain inclusions made of an absorbent dye, metal or semiconductors.
- nanoparticle coatings 31 formed by them with lenses of conventional light-optical microscopes for the purpose of determining the optical absorption, reflection or scattering caused by the nanoparticle coating 31, also in the case of the above-described ones low densities of the nanoparticles per binding surface 2 can be detected when the entire active surface 22 is recorded.
- the arrangement of the binding surfaces 2, which accommodate the aforementioned nanoparticle coatings 31, can be provided on the surface of a prism in the manner described above, as a result of which such an affinity sensor is accessible to a device for detecting the plasmon resonance.
- the size of the nanoparticles should be selected so that, on the one hand, they make a very effective contribution to signal generation even with a few binding molecules, whereby they must not be too small, but on the other hand, in order to specifically couple , must not be too large, a cooperative measurement effect being achieved by coupling several nanoparticles 3 to a single binding surface 2.
- the measurement signal With decreasing particle size, the measurement signal becomes worse, with increasing particle size the specificity of the binding decreases. The former leads to a reduction in the absolute signal, the latter to an increase in the background signal.
- the specific selection of the particles in question lies within a reasonable range for the person skilled in the art. For the use described above.
- FIG. 3 shows a scanning force microscope image of a nanoparticle coating 31 on a 5 ⁇ 5 ⁇ m surface, which is covered by a coating of 30 nm Gold particles is formed, wherein in FIG. 4 a highly microscopic transmitted light image of an individual binding surface, which illustrates the absorption caused by the nanoparticle coating 31 with respect to the substrate 1 carrying it.
- the proposed affinity sensor offers the following advantages over the fluorescent dye marking and reading customary in the prior art:
- the signal is independent of the chemical environment, which is why the affinity sensor can be used for quantitative measurements.
- the proposed structure of the affinity sensor provides a favorable signal-to-noise ratio, as a result of which short measuring times can be achieved.
- the affinity sensors which are provided with the nanoparticle assignments, have a long-term storage stability, since the particle assignments do not undergo any changes of their own accord, which enables their archiving, which is important in medicine, in particular forensic medicine, environmental technology, and the
- the proposed affinity sensor is also suitable for fast assays and for small sample quantities and up to approximately 10 6 binding areas 22 in an area of 1 mm 2 can have, which is particularly advantageous for tests with molecular library chips, such as biochips, DNA chips, etc.
- the proposed affinity sensor can thus be used in particular for tasks in combinatorial chemistry, for diagnostic tasks in medicine, for the development of new active substances, for the development of new medicinal substances or for the development of selectively acting pesticides.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Cell Biology (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19943704 | 1999-09-08 | ||
DE19943704A DE19943704C1 (de) | 1999-09-08 | 1999-09-08 | Affinitätssensor zum Nachweis biologischer und/oder chemischer Spezies und dessen Verwendung |
PCT/EP2000/008360 WO2001018242A1 (fr) | 1999-09-08 | 2000-08-28 | Capteur d'affinite pour la detection d'especes biologiques et/ou chimiques, et son utilisation |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1216310A1 true EP1216310A1 (fr) | 2002-06-26 |
Family
ID=7921775
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00962399A Withdrawn EP1216310A1 (fr) | 1999-09-08 | 2000-08-28 | Capteur d'affinite pour la detection d'especes biologiques et/ou chimiques, et son utilisation |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1216310A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE19943704C1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2001018242A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10109777A1 (de) * | 2001-03-01 | 2002-09-19 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Verfahren zum Erfassen von makromolekularen Biopolymeren mittels mindestens einer Einheit zum Immobilisieren von makromolekularen Biopolymeren |
DE10113712A1 (de) * | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-26 | Lifebits Ag | Verfahren zum Aufbringen chemischer Substanzen |
US6867275B2 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2005-03-15 | Rohm And Haas Company | Solid media |
DE10116315A1 (de) * | 2001-04-02 | 2002-10-10 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Farbcodierung zur Kennzeichnung von Gegentänden |
DE10164309A1 (de) * | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-10 | Fraunhofer Ges Forschung | Verbesserte strukturiert-funktionale Bindematrices für Biomoleküle |
DE102004033586A1 (de) * | 2004-07-06 | 2006-01-26 | Imtec Immundiagnostika Gmbh | Verfahren zur Auswertung von Biochips |
RU2537267C1 (ru) * | 2013-07-03 | 2014-12-27 | Закрытое акционерное общество "Центр перспективных технологий" | Устройство для идентификации последовательностей нуклеотидов |
DE102018133037B4 (de) | 2018-12-20 | 2021-02-25 | Leibniz-Institut für Photonische Technologien e. V. | Anordnung und Verfahren zur Erfassung von optischen Eigenschaften einer Probe, insbesondere zum selektiven Nachweis von biologischen Molekülen und zum Auslesen einer Molekülbelegung |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AU593151B2 (en) * | 1986-11-12 | 1990-02-01 | Molecular Diagnostics, Inc. | Method for the detection of nucleic acid hybrids |
GB8800702D0 (en) * | 1988-01-13 | 1988-02-10 | Nycomed As | Test method & reagent kit therefor |
US5599668A (en) * | 1994-09-22 | 1997-02-04 | Abbott Laboratories | Light scattering optical waveguide method for detecting specific binding events |
US6180415B1 (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 2001-01-30 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Plasmon resonant particles, methods and apparatus |
GB2326229A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1998-12-16 | Robert Jeffrey Geddes Carr | Detecting and analysing submicron particles |
US6294327B1 (en) * | 1997-09-08 | 2001-09-25 | Affymetrix, Inc. | Apparatus and method for detecting samples labeled with material having strong light scattering properties, using reflection mode light and diffuse scattering |
-
1999
- 1999-09-08 DE DE19943704A patent/DE19943704C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-08-28 WO PCT/EP2000/008360 patent/WO2001018242A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-08-28 EP EP00962399A patent/EP1216310A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO0118242A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19943704C1 (de) | 2001-05-10 |
WO2001018242A1 (fr) | 2001-03-15 |
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