EP1206733A1 - Stromquelle für niedrige betriebsspannungen mit hohem ausgangswiderstand - Google Patents
Stromquelle für niedrige betriebsspannungen mit hohem ausgangswiderstandInfo
- Publication number
- EP1206733A1 EP1206733A1 EP00969210A EP00969210A EP1206733A1 EP 1206733 A1 EP1206733 A1 EP 1206733A1 EP 00969210 A EP00969210 A EP 00969210A EP 00969210 A EP00969210 A EP 00969210A EP 1206733 A1 EP1206733 A1 EP 1206733A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- current
- current source
- transistor
- source
- transistors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F3/00—Non-retroactive systems for regulating electric variables by using an uncontrolled element, or an uncontrolled combination of elements, such element or such combination having self-regulating properties
- G05F3/02—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F3/08—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC
- G05F3/10—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics
- G05F3/16—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices
- G05F3/20—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using diode- transistor combinations
- G05F3/24—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using diode- transistor combinations wherein the transistors are of the field-effect type only
- G05F3/242—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable is DC using uncontrolled devices with non-linear characteristics being semiconductor devices using diode- transistor combinations wherein the transistors are of the field-effect type only with compensation for device parameters, e.g. channel width modulation, threshold voltage, processing, or external variations, e.g. temperature, loading, supply voltage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a current source with a high output resistance, which has a transistor which determines the output current and a control circuit for the current-determining transistor.
- CMOS process technology requires new solutions for basic circuits in analog circuit technology, which, despite the changed transistor properties and the falling operating voltages, meet high requirements, for example in terms of bandwidth and bandwidth.
- Current sources can be used, for example, as basic components for current mirror circuits.
- Current mirrors are generally a circuit arrangement in which a copy of the input current is supplied at the output. The purpose of a current mirror is therefore to multiply and / or to amplify or weaken an input current and to output it again at the output node (s).
- the simplest current mirror consists of two identical transistors.
- cascoded current sources are used, for example.
- the source-dram sections of at least two MOS transistors are connected in series and the gate t connections to fixed potential. This decouples the dram-source voltage across the current-determining transistor from voltage changes at the output node and thus increases the output resistance.
- the disadvantage of such cascoded current mirrors is that a relatively high minimum voltage must be present between the output node and the operating voltage connection, so that the specified output resistance is still achieved. If this is undershot, the MOS transistors are no longer in the saturation mode and the output resistance of the current source drops drastically. This minimum voltage drop essentially determines the suitability of the power source for use at low operating voltages.
- This cascoded current source is the so-called regulated cascode current source, from which the present invention is based.
- a current source the construction and mode of operation of which is explained in more detail in connection with FIG. 1, enables the dram-source voltage at the current-determining transistor to remain constant.
- the voltage drop across this current source can be reduced to a comparatively small value, the lower limit of this voltage drop being predetermined by the threshold voltage of one of the transistors in the control circuit.
- the current source Due to the high gain in the control loop, the current source has a high output resistance.
- the minimum voltage drop across the current source cannot fall below the above-mentioned threshold voltage, which can be problematic at extremely low operating voltages.
- the invention has for its object to develop a power source of the type mentioned in such a way that the disadvantages known from the prior art are avoided.
- the Power source have a high output resistance and at the same time can be used for very low operating voltages.
- a current source with a high output resistance which has a transistor determining the output current and a control circuit for the current-determining transistor.
- the current source is characterized in that a source follower circuit is provided for setting a low, freely selectable minimum voltage drop across the current source, which influences the voltage across the source-dram path of the current-determining transistor.
- the invention is based on the basic idea that a high output resistance can be achieved by a current source circuit which is in the form of a regulated cascode current source, as has already been described above.
- the regulated cascode current source initially has at least one transistor which determines the output current and whose gate potential Vin can be used to set the useful current.
- Vds voltage across the dram-source path
- a source follower circuit was additionally provided.
- Source follower circuits are known per se, which is a basic circuit with at least one field effect transistor. Advantageous embodiments for source follower circuits are explained in more detail in the further course of the description, but without restricting the invention to the examples mentioned.
- any setting of the voltage drop across the current-determining transistor can be carried out, and thus the minimum voltage drop across the current source can be reduced.
- very broadband current sources with a high output resistance can also be implemented in applications with a low operating voltage (low-voltage applications).
- the source follower circuit can preferably have at least one, preferably two or more transistors.
- the circuit can have a single transistor.
- the circuit is designed to be significantly more complex depending on the need and application. In this case, the number of transistors can increase accordingly.
- the invention is not restricted to a specific number of transistors.
- the source follower circuit has two transistors.
- At least one of the transistors can advantageously be designed and function as a current source.
- the control circuit can have an amplifier circuit. This amplifier circuit preferably has one or more transistors, and the number of transistors can vary according to the desired properties of the current source.
- control circuit can have at least one control transistor.
- a correction element can advantageously be provided for the current-carrying transistor.
- This correction element can have, for example, one or more transistors. In an advantageous embodiment, the correction element can have two transistors.
- FIG. 2 shows a circuit arrangement functioning as a current source according to a first embodiment according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows a circuit arrangement functioning as a current source according to a second embodiment according to the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a diagram in which the output current m is shown as a function of the voltage drop across the current source for the circuit arrangement according to FIG. 2;
- Figure 5 is a diagram showing the output current for the circuit arrangement with correction element according to Figure 3.
- a current source 10 is shown, as is already known from the prior art.
- the current source 10 is designed as a regulated cascode current source circuit.
- the useful current at the output node 18 is set by the input voltage Vm at the input node 19.
- the current intensity essentially results from the dimensioning and the process-related properties of the transistor 12.
- a control circuit 13 is provided, which is formed from an amplifier circuit 14 and a control transistor 17.
- the amplifier circuit 14 in turn has two transistors 15, 16.
- the use of the control circuit 13 with a corresponding dimensioning of the transistors 15, 16, 17 has the effect that the voltage Vds, which drops across the source-dram path of the current-determining transistor 12, is constant and thus the current through the current-determining transistor 12 is independent of the Potential at the output node 20. This happens because the amplifier circuit 14 adjusts the gate potential of the transistor 17 accordingly.
- a current source 10 with a high output resistance can be realized. It is also possible, the power source 10 as compared to walls ⁇ ren known current sources to a relatively low voltage drop to use.
- the lower limit for this ⁇ mi nimal possible voltage is sawn right through the transistor 15 °. It is composed of the saturation voltage Vsatl5 and the threshold voltage Vthl5 for the transistor 15.
- the minimum possible voltage drop must therefore always be greater than the sum Vsatl5 + Vthl5, but at least as large as the threshold voltage Vthl5. For this reason, it is not possible to use the current source 10 for a minimal voltage drop below this threshold voltage Vthl5.
- the current sources 30, 40 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 are designed in accordance with the present invention, so that very high output resistances can be realized with a very low voltage drop.
- the basic structure of the current source 30 according to FIG. 2 corresponds to the current source 10 from FIG. 1, so that elements of identical construction are provided with identical reference numbers and a renewed description of these elements to avoid repetition is dispensed with, with the above statements with regard to FIG. 1 is referred to in full and is hereby referenced.
- the current source 30 according to FIG. 3 additionally has a source follower circuit 30, which in the present case is formed from two transistors 32, 33.
- Transistor 32 acts as
- the source follower circuit 31 shifts, preferably reduces, the potential Vds over the source-dram path of the current-determining transistor 12 with respect to the input of the amplifier 14.
- the reason for this is that the voltage Vds dropping across the transistor 12 from a Subtraction of the gate-source voltage of transistor 15 and the voltage drop across the gate-source terminals of transistor 33 is formed.
- Both voltages are composed of a transistor-specific threshold voltage and a saturation voltage. While the threshold voltage represents a process-dependent variable, the saturation voltages can be freely selected via the dimensioning of the transistors. Consequently, the voltage Vds on the current-determining transistor 12 is also freely selectable. Via the source follower circuit 31, this voltage and thus the minimum voltage drop across the current source can theoretically be reduced to zero, but at least be significantly reduced in comparison to the current source 10 according to FIG. 1.
- the current source 30 can thus be operated down to a freely definable minimum output voltage which is independent of the threshold voltage Vthl5 of the transistor 15. Since all transistors are in saturation, fast and precise control is possible so that high output resistances can be achieved.
- the source-dram voltage Vds at transistor 12 is reduced as described in FIG. 2, the latter can become saturated, as a result of which small variations in the voltage Vds of transistor 12 result in greater fluctuations in the output current and thus the output resistance is reduced.
- FIG. 3 shows a current source 40, the construction of which essentially corresponds to the construction of the current source 30 according to FIG. For this reason, identical components have again been given identical reference numbers. To avoid repetition, reference is made in full to the explanations with regard to FIG. 2 and reference is hereby made.
- the correction element 41 additionally provided in the current source 40 according to FIG. 3 in comparison to the current source 30 has two transistors 42 and 43. The correction element 41 adds a correction current to the output current, which depends on the control voltage of transistor 17 on the voltage drop across the current source.
- Transistor 42 which determines the magnitude of the correction current, is also driven with this gate potential.
- the correction current increases with a falling voltage drop across the current source and thus increases the output resistance of the current source.
- a current source with a negative output resistance can also be realized in this way by forcing overcompensation.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show the results obtained in the simulation of a current source in accordance with the structure from FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the diagrams show the output current of the constant current source as a function of the voltage drop across the current source, in this case the potential difference between Vss and the output node 18.
- FIG. 4 shows the output current of the current source 30 according to the invention without a correction element as a function of the voltage drop across the current source.
- the diagram shows the weak dependence of the output current on the falling voltage and thus the high output resistance of the current source. If the voltage falls below about 400mV, the current drops sharply. This voltage represents the minimum voltage drop across the current source and, due to the use of the source follower circuit 31, is below the threshold voltage of the transistors used, which was approximately 500 mV.
- FIG. 5 shows with curve 50 the output current of the current source 40 according to the invention with correction element 41.
- the dimensioning of the transistors corresponds exactly to that for the Generation of Figure 4 was used.
- the output current shown corresponds to the sum of the current from transistor 12 and the current through transistors 42 and 43.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Amplifiers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19940382A DE19940382A1 (de) | 1999-08-25 | 1999-08-25 | Stromquelle für niedrige Betriebsspannungen mit hohem Ausgangswiderstand |
| DE19940382 | 1999-08-25 | ||
| PCT/DE2000/002937 WO2001014946A1 (de) | 1999-08-25 | 2000-08-24 | Stromquelle für niedrige betriebsspannungen mit hohem ausgangswiderstand |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1206733A1 true EP1206733A1 (de) | 2002-05-22 |
Family
ID=7919609
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00969210A Withdrawn EP1206733A1 (de) | 1999-08-25 | 2000-08-24 | Stromquelle für niedrige betriebsspannungen mit hohem ausgangswiderstand |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6556070B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1206733A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE19940382A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001014946A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6903539B1 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2005-06-07 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Regulated cascode current source with wide output swing |
| US6891428B1 (en) * | 2003-11-28 | 2005-05-10 | Intel Corporation | Single ended controlled current source |
| DE102006043452A1 (de) | 2005-09-30 | 2007-04-19 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Referenzstromquelle |
| US8760216B2 (en) | 2009-06-09 | 2014-06-24 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Reference voltage generators for integrated circuits |
| JP5706653B2 (ja) * | 2010-09-14 | 2015-04-22 | セイコーインスツル株式会社 | 定電流回路 |
| CN107102678A (zh) * | 2017-05-30 | 2017-08-29 | 长沙方星腾电子科技有限公司 | 一种偏置电流产生电路 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3973215A (en) * | 1975-08-04 | 1976-08-03 | Rca Corporation | Current mirror amplifier |
| US4051392A (en) * | 1976-04-08 | 1977-09-27 | Rca Corporation | Circuit for starting current flow in current amplifier circuits |
| US4342926A (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1982-08-03 | Motorola, Inc. | Bias current reference circuit |
| US4471292A (en) * | 1982-11-10 | 1984-09-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | MOS Current mirror with high impedance output |
| US5045773A (en) * | 1990-10-01 | 1991-09-03 | Motorola, Inc. | Current source circuit with constant output |
| US5307007A (en) * | 1992-10-19 | 1994-04-26 | National Science Council | CMOS bandgap voltage and current references |
| US5306964A (en) * | 1993-02-22 | 1994-04-26 | Intel Corporation | Reference generator circuit for BiCMOS ECL gate employing PMOS load devices |
| DE4335683A1 (de) * | 1993-10-20 | 1995-04-27 | Deutsche Aerospace | Konstantstromquelle |
| US5469104A (en) * | 1994-03-28 | 1995-11-21 | Elantec, Inc. | Active folded cascode |
| US5680037A (en) * | 1994-10-27 | 1997-10-21 | Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics, Inc. | High accuracy current mirror |
| FR2732129B1 (fr) * | 1995-03-22 | 1997-06-20 | Suisse Electronique Microtech | Generateur de courant de reference en technologie cmos |
| US6188211B1 (en) * | 1998-05-13 | 2001-02-13 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Current-efficient low-drop-out voltage regulator with improved load regulation and frequency response |
-
1999
- 1999-08-25 DE DE19940382A patent/DE19940382A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-08-24 WO PCT/DE2000/002937 patent/WO2001014946A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-08-24 EP EP00969210A patent/EP1206733A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-02-25 US US10/082,337 patent/US6556070B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO0114946A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6556070B2 (en) | 2003-04-29 |
| WO2001014946A1 (de) | 2001-03-01 |
| US20020113641A1 (en) | 2002-08-22 |
| DE19940382A1 (de) | 2001-03-08 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20020222 |
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| AX | Request for extension of the european patent |
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| RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): DE FR GB IT |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 20050209 |
|
| RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: INFINEON TECHNOLOGIES AG |
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| GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
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| INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20150116 |
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| STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
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| 18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 20150527 |