EP1173280B1 - Procede pour controler le niveau de remplissage en charbon d'un broyeur a boulet - Google Patents
Procede pour controler le niveau de remplissage en charbon d'un broyeur a boulet Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1173280B1 EP1173280B1 EP00917148A EP00917148A EP1173280B1 EP 1173280 B1 EP1173280 B1 EP 1173280B1 EP 00917148 A EP00917148 A EP 00917148A EP 00917148 A EP00917148 A EP 00917148A EP 1173280 B1 EP1173280 B1 EP 1173280B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- drum
- ball mill
- coal
- sensors
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 title description 28
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000020442 loss of weight Diseases 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 13
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001960 triggered effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001417494 Sciaenidae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004422 calculation algorithm Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C17/00—Disintegrating by tumbling mills, i.e. mills having a container charged with the material to be disintegrated with or without special disintegrating members such as pebbles or balls
- B02C17/18—Details
- B02C17/1805—Monitoring devices for tumbling mills
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C25/00—Control arrangements specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for checking the filling level.
- Such a grinder, drum with cylindrical, biconical or other envelope, is more particularly used to supply pulverized coal to burners of a boiler pulverized coal for example.
- a first known method is based on the measurement of the variation of the power absorbed by the electric motor rotating the mill drum.
- a second known method is based on the measurement of the noise emitted by the crusher during its operation.
- a third known method is based on the use of pneumatic probes introduced inside the mill drum.
- Other known methods are based on the use of gamma ray probes arranged inside the grinder drum to detect the high and low level of the layer of coal in the drum.
- the measures implemented in these known methods are dependent on the quality of the coal to be ground and in particular on its grain size of its humidity level. They are also dependent on wear cannonballs. It happens that they are not always reliable.
- Document US-A-3 960 330 describes a process in which it is planned to measure the weight of the grinding system using weighing sensors of the drum and the support bearings of the rotational drive pinion of the drum and compare this weight measured by sensors, to a value of preset instruction to regulate the supply of material to the system grind.
- the object of the present invention is to improve such a method and it has relates to a method for controlling the filling level of a mill ball fed with material to be ground and fitted with a drum mounted to rotate on two distant bearings, said method consisting in measuring the weight of the drum using weighing sensors arranged under bearings supporting the mill drum and compare the measured weight to a preset value set to regulate the supply of the mill to material to be ground, the vertical component of the force created by the couple being taken into account in rotation of the drum, characterized, in that said weighing sensors are gauge weighing sensors constraints and in that said vertical component is taken into account in the form of a correction of the weight measured by said sensors, made before the comparison step, by means of a first value weight representative of this vertical component and obtained from a measurement of the power of the rotary drive motor of the drum.
- Weighing is a direct physical measurement of the filling level in coal from the mill which is not influenced by the humidity and the grain size of the grinding mass constituted by the mixture of coal and balls.
- the result that the control method according to the invention is very reliable.
- the weight measured can easily be corrected by a computer program to hold account of the vertical component of the rotational driving torque of the drum, the wear of the balls over time as well as the renewal of balls in the grinder. It follows that the method according to the invention allows very precisely control the level of carbon filling in a mill balls.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the principle of the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating the steps of processing a computer program implementing the method according to the invention.
- Figure 3 is a diagram showing the evolution over time of some physical parameters related to the operation of the ball mill.
- Figure 4 is a very schematic front view of a ball mill fitted with weighing sensors for implementing the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 5 very schematically illustrates a weighing sensor used for implementing the method according to the invention.
- Figure 6 shows very schematically the arrangement of the weighed between two support flanges.
- Figure 7 shows very schematically the arrangement of the sensors between the two support flanges in a triangle configuration.
- the measurement system 10 used in the method according to the invention for controlling the level of carbon filling in a mill balls includes a set of weighing sensors 11 to 16 with gauge constraint. These sensors are arranged under the two bearings carrying the drum mill, which is rotatably mounted about a generally horizontal axis, to provide continuous electrical signals representative of a measure of the weight of the drum with its load. Each weigh sensor is compensated to measure only the vertical component of the pressure it experiences.
- Each set of load cells is arranged under one of the two bearings on which the ends rest (pins) of the mill drum.
- the signals provided by the sensors 11 to 16 are sent to a calculation electronics 19 suitable for taring and for rendering a continuous electrical signal P, for example industry standard 4-20 mA, representative only of the weight of the charge (coal and balls) in the drum. It will be understood that the signal P results from a sum of the different signals supplied by sensors 11 to 16.
- the signal P at the output of the electronics 19 is digitized to be compared to a basic setpoint 20 preset in a comparator 21 whose output is applied to a conventional regulator 22 for controlling the feeder 23 in raw coal 24 from the mill.
- the output of comparator 21 is used to regulate the operating speed of the feeder and therefore the flow feed the crusher with raw coal.
- the basic setpoint 20 corresponding to a certain level of filling the mill with coal to obtain optimum grinding of the coal based on a certain mass of balls loaded into the grinder. This optimum filling level is known to those skilled in the art.
- the vertical component of the drive torque in rotation of the drum acts on the weight measured by the weighing sensors 11 to 16.
- This vertical component can thus be added to the weight of the drum of the grinder or on the contrary come to evade the weight of the grinder drum depending on whether it is pointing down or up. As a result, the weight measured P does not exactly represent the load in the mill drum.
- the measured weight P is corrected by the calculation electronics 19, before its comparison in the comparator 21, by a weight value corresponding to the vertical component of the couple to rotate the mill drum rather than correct the setpoint 20.
- the setpoint 20 is kept constant to simplify monitoring of the operator grinding process.
- a summator 30 is interposed between the output of the calculation electronics 19 and the comparator 21 to correct the measured weight P by a weight value representative of the vertical component Fv of the couple drive.
- the vertical component Fv is provided by a module 31 which receives as input the preset K1 constant and a power measurement absorbed Pabs by the crusher motor.
- the weight loss of the load in the mill drum due to wear balls must also be taken into account to control precisely the level of coal filling in the mill because the density of the coal is very weak compared to that of cannonballs.
- the wear rate of the balls ⁇ can be evaluated by experimentation and serve as a basis for correcting the measured weight P before its comparison with the setpoint 20 in the comparator 21.
- the wear rate ⁇ expressed for example in kilograms / hour of operation of the mill is a pre-established constant which is multiplied by the overall time of operation of the crusher (expressed in hours) delivered by an integrator 50 for provide a resulting weight value Pb which is subtracted, in the summator 30, at the measured weight P so as not to compensate in the loop regulation, the weight loss of the balls by an intake of coal.
- the integrator 50 functions as a clock controlled by starting and stopping the grinder.
- FIG. 1 there is illustrated by 51, a computer program which combines the functionality of module 30, module 31, comparator 21, regulator 22 and integrator 50. It also reacts in response to a manual control 52 used to force the program to pass into a particular operating mode. Program 51 also controls the activation or extinction of a signaling lamp 53 which is linked to the particular operating mode of the program.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the operation of the computer program 51.
- step 100 the program begins by initializing the values 20, 33, 34 and the integrator 50.
- the mode particular operation of the program corresponds to a calibration phase data related to the taking into account of the renewal of the balls.
- this calibration phase is triggered periodically, by example every 100 or 200 hours.
- the automatic triggering of this calibration phase is monitored by a specific counter hereinafter called the calibration counter.
- the program acquires an instantaneous value of the measured weight P supplied at the output of electronics 19. As indicated above, this value corresponds to a sample of the 4-20mA standard continuous signal supplied by the electronics 19.
- step 104 the program applies to the measured weight P the correction Pb linked to the wear of the balls and in step 105, the correction Fv linked to the effect of the drive couple.
- step 106 the corrected measured weight is processed by an algorithm proportional and derivative (PID) type and the value of control is used in step 107 to control the feeder so that regulate the flow of carbon entering the mill.
- PID algorithm proportional and derivative
- a test 102 is provided to detect actuation of the manual control 52 by the operator. If the actuation of this command is detected, the program proceeds to the next step 108. If not, it proceeds to the next step 103.
- step 108 the program controls the actuation of the signaling 53.
- the signaling witness may for example be a witness light which serves to warn the operator that a calibration phase is in progress execution.
- step 109 in which the calibration counter is initialized.
- step 111 the program controls the slowing down of the feeder of the crusher to empty the stagnant coal reserve in the drum and in step 112 the time evolution of the amplitude of the power absorbed by the motor is recorded for the purpose of determining a peak amplitude.
- the curve P represents the time evolution of the amplitude, the power absorbed by the engine during normal operation of the feeder and therefore of the grinder, then during the feeder slowing down and after resuming operation normal of the feeder and therefore of the grinder.
- Curve A shows the variations of the speed of the feeder and the curve O shows how the noise emitted by the crusher during these different operating phases of the feeder.
- step 113 the program determines the Ppic value corresponding to an extremum of the power absorbed by the motor during the calibration phase.
- step 114 the program determines the weight loss of balls from the previous calibration phase based on the difference between the Ppic value obtained in step 113 and a Ppic value determined and recorded during the previous calibration phase.
- step 115 the program calibrates the wear rate according to the weight loss of fetlock determined in step 114.
- step 116 it registers in a register the value Ppic determined at step 113 for comparison with a new determined Ppic value in a next step 113.
- step 117 the program accelerates the feeder so that it resumes a normal operation and then in step 118, the program commands the extinction of the signaling 53.
- step 118 the program commands the extinction of the signaling 53.
- curve A of FIG. 3 we see how varies the speed of the feeder according to the sequence of steps 111 and 117 indicated above.
- the balls are renewed in the grinder without stopping the grinding. For example, they entered the crusher through the feeder.
- the operator initiates a calibration phase to avoid drifting into account wear of the balls in the correction of the measured weight.
- step 103 in which the program systematically tests the calibration counter to activate automatically a calibration phase. If the phase of detection is detected calibration, the program continues processing in step 108 as already described upper. Therefore, the calibration phases are chained automatically even if the operator does not request them via the manual command. These calibration phases triggered so automatic will therefore take into account the normal wear of the balls in the grinder to adapt the weight loss correction of balls by normal wear and tear.
- FIG 4 very schematically shows a coal mill here having a cylindrical casing drum 200 rotatable about an axis horizontal A and which is terminated at its two ends by conical portions 201 and 202 supported respectively on two bearings 203 and 204 spaced one of the other along axis A.
- This mill is used to prepare pulverulent coal supplying the burners of a boiler.
- the feeding organ in coal to be ground is not shown in Figure 4.
- the coal to be ground and a drying gas are introduced respectively by the annular part or trunnion 201 or 202 extending each conical end of the drum and the coal pulverized in the drying gas is evacuated by these journals against the current of raw coal.
- the drum 200 is loaded with metal balls or with other grinding elements made of hard material which pulverize or crush the charcoal to be ground.
- the weighing cells 11 to 13 and 14 to 16 are arranged under the bearings 203,204 to undergo the entire weight of the drum of the mill. More particularly in FIG. 6, the three sensors 11 to 13 are arranged between two parallel 210,211 soles which are themselves placed horizontally between the bearing 203 and a base 205 resting on the ground. The mounting is identical with regard to the sensors 14 to 16 arranged between the bearing 202 and base 206.
- FIG. 5 very schematically shows a weighing sensor such as 11. It is therefore a metal cylinder 300 with a central part which is blasted to create a beam working in shear under the effect of pressure exerted on the support stirrup 301.
- the sensors used are of the compensated type to take into account that the vertical component of the pressure on the stirrup 301.
- the sensors 11 to 13 are arranged in a plane on the sole 211 in a triangle configuration.
- Sensors 14 to 16 are arranged analogously in a triangle.
- the triangle arrangement of three weighing sensors allows symmetrical configuration with respect to to the axis of rotation A of the drum and a center of gravity combined on this axis.
- the weighing sensors used for implementing the process can by example being sensors sold by the company "Nobel Electronik".
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
Description
- Pabs est la puissance absorbée par le moteur (Watts)
- k est le coefficient de transmission
- F est le couple d'entraínement (Newtons)
- a est la longueur du bras de levier du couple d'entraínement (mètres)
- w est la vitesse de rotation du tambour (radians / seconde)
Claims (2)
- Procédé pour contrôler le niveau de remplissage d'un broyeur à boulets alimenté en matériau à broyer et doté d'un tambour (20) monté rotatif sur deux paliers distants (201, 202), ledit procédé consistant à mesurer le poids du tambour à l'aide de capteurs de pesée disposés sous des paliers supportant le tambour du broyeur et à comparer le poids mesuré à une valeur de consigne préétablie en vue de réguler l'alimentation du broyeur en matériau à broyer, la composante verticale de reffort créé par le couple d'entraínement en rotation du tambour étant prise en compte, caractérisé en ce que lesdits capteurs de pesée sont des capteurs de pesée à jauges de contraintes (11 à 16) et en ce que ladite composante verticale est prise en compte sous la forme d'une correction du poids mesuré par lesdits capteurs, faite avant rétape de comparaison, par le moyen d'une première valeur pondérale (Fv) représentative de cette composante verticale et obtenue à partir d'une mesure de la puissance (Pabs) du moteur d'entraínement en rotation du tambour.
- Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel on corrige, avant l'étape de comparaison, le poids mesuré par une seconde valeur pondérale (Pb) représentative d'une perte en poids de boulet due à l'usure des boulets dans le temps en tenant compte de phases de renouvellement des boulets dans le broyeur.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9904737A FR2792224B1 (fr) | 1999-04-15 | 1999-04-15 | Procede pour controler le niveau de remplissage en charbon d'un broyeur a boulets |
FR9904737 | 1999-04-15 | ||
PCT/FR2000/000880 WO2000062935A1 (fr) | 1999-04-15 | 2000-04-07 | Procede pour controler le niveau de remplissage en charbon d'un broyeur a boulet |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1173280A1 EP1173280A1 (fr) | 2002-01-23 |
EP1173280B1 true EP1173280B1 (fr) | 2003-10-08 |
Family
ID=9544447
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00917148A Expired - Lifetime EP1173280B1 (fr) | 1999-04-15 | 2000-04-07 | Procede pour controler le niveau de remplissage en charbon d'un broyeur a boulet |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6619574B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1173280B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2002542018A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1207101C (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE251497T1 (fr) |
AU (1) | AU754114B2 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2365299A1 (fr) |
CZ (1) | CZ20013710A3 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60005811T2 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2208296T3 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2792224B1 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL195355B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2000062935A1 (fr) |
ZA (1) | ZA200107821B (fr) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE1014486A3 (fr) * | 2001-11-22 | 2003-11-04 | Magotteaux Int | Procede d'evaluation du taux de remplissage d'un broyeur rotatif tubulaire et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre. |
FI115854B (fi) * | 2003-01-17 | 2005-07-29 | Outokumpu Oy | Menetelmä myllyn täyttöasteen määrittämiseksi |
DE102006038014B3 (de) * | 2006-08-14 | 2008-04-30 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Ermittlung eines Mühlenfüllstands |
US7850104B2 (en) * | 2007-03-21 | 2010-12-14 | Honeywell International Inc. | Inferential pulverized fuel flow sensing and manipulation within a coal mill |
CN102102512B (zh) * | 2009-12-22 | 2013-05-22 | 张永亮 | 综采工作面弯曲检测和矫直方法及其系统 |
CN103495487B (zh) * | 2013-10-17 | 2016-01-06 | 中冶长天国际工程有限责任公司 | 一种磨矿机控制中调节钢球填充率的方法和装置 |
CN104689888B (zh) * | 2013-12-09 | 2017-02-22 | 珠海市华远自动化科技有限公司 | 动态测定球磨机筒体内物料量、钢球量及料球比的方法 |
CN104697575B (zh) * | 2013-12-09 | 2017-05-17 | 珠海市华远自动化科技有限公司 | 动态测定球磨机内物料量、钢球量及料球比的方法 |
WO2016022663A2 (fr) * | 2014-08-07 | 2016-02-11 | Emerson Electric (Us) Holding Corporation (Chile) Limitada | Surveillance et contrôle de broyeur à tambour utilisant des mesures de vibration, une entrée d'énergie électrique et une énergie mécanique |
EP3448575B1 (fr) * | 2016-04-28 | 2021-04-21 | Dal Elektrik Ve Otomasyon Sistemleri San. Tic. A.S. | Broyeur tubulaire et procédé associé pour déterminer le poids de matériau |
CN106902971A (zh) * | 2017-03-30 | 2017-06-30 | 太仓鸿策腾达网络科技有限公司 | 一种粉碎机控制系统 |
US10775090B2 (en) * | 2017-07-11 | 2020-09-15 | Bsh Hausgeraete Gmbh | Household cooling appliance comprising a weight detection unit for determining the weight of a container of an ice maker unit |
DE102017124958A1 (de) * | 2017-10-25 | 2019-04-25 | Kleemann Gmbh | Verfahren zum lastabhängigen Betrieb einer Materialzerkleinerungsanlage |
CN110947506A (zh) * | 2019-12-20 | 2020-04-03 | 华润电力技术研究院有限公司 | 一种磨煤机控制方法及设备 |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1218263B (de) * | 1963-10-10 | 1966-06-02 | Polysius Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur Regelung des Fuellungsgrades einer Rohrmuehle |
US3253744A (en) * | 1964-09-22 | 1966-05-31 | Nordberg Manufacturing Co | Electrical control system for grinding mill |
US3783252A (en) * | 1972-04-07 | 1974-01-01 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Control system and method for a reversed ball mill grinding circuit |
US3960330A (en) * | 1974-06-21 | 1976-06-01 | Henson Howard K | Method for maximizing throughput in an ore grinding system |
CA1162076A (fr) * | 1981-05-14 | 1984-02-14 | Marvin B. Shaver | Capteur indicateur de charge d'un broyeur |
US5325027A (en) * | 1991-01-15 | 1994-06-28 | Outokumpu Mintec Oy | Method and apparatus for measuring the degree of fullness of a mill with lifting beams by monitoring variation in power consumption |
-
1999
- 1999-04-15 FR FR9904737A patent/FR2792224B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-04-07 US US09/958,484 patent/US6619574B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-07 AT AT00917148T patent/ATE251497T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-04-07 WO PCT/FR2000/000880 patent/WO2000062935A1/fr active IP Right Grant
- 2000-04-07 CA CA002365299A patent/CA2365299A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2000-04-07 PL PL00351555A patent/PL195355B1/pl unknown
- 2000-04-07 CZ CZ20013710A patent/CZ20013710A3/cs unknown
- 2000-04-07 ES ES00917148T patent/ES2208296T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-07 EP EP00917148A patent/EP1173280B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-07 DE DE60005811T patent/DE60005811T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-07 JP JP2000612065A patent/JP2002542018A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-04-07 AU AU38256/00A patent/AU754114B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-04-07 CN CN00806235.8A patent/CN1207101C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-09-21 ZA ZA200107821A patent/ZA200107821B/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CZ20013710A3 (cs) | 2002-02-13 |
DE60005811D1 (de) | 2003-11-13 |
AU3825600A (en) | 2000-11-02 |
JP2002542018A (ja) | 2002-12-10 |
ATE251497T1 (de) | 2003-10-15 |
ZA200107821B (en) | 2002-11-21 |
CN1207101C (zh) | 2005-06-22 |
DE60005811T2 (de) | 2004-08-05 |
ES2208296T3 (es) | 2004-06-16 |
AU754114B2 (en) | 2002-11-07 |
PL351555A1 (en) | 2003-05-05 |
US6619574B1 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
WO2000062935A1 (fr) | 2000-10-26 |
CA2365299A1 (fr) | 2000-10-26 |
EP1173280A1 (fr) | 2002-01-23 |
FR2792224A1 (fr) | 2000-10-20 |
FR2792224B1 (fr) | 2001-06-01 |
CN1348398A (zh) | 2002-05-08 |
PL195355B1 (pl) | 2007-09-28 |
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