EP1166942B1 - Torche plasma - Google Patents
Torche plasma Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1166942B1 EP1166942B1 EP01890189A EP01890189A EP1166942B1 EP 1166942 B1 EP1166942 B1 EP 1166942B1 EP 01890189 A EP01890189 A EP 01890189A EP 01890189 A EP01890189 A EP 01890189A EP 1166942 B1 EP1166942 B1 EP 1166942B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- nozzle
- voltage source
- pole
- electrodes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
- H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
- H05H1/24—Generating plasma
- H05H1/26—Plasma torches
- H05H1/32—Plasma torches using an arc
- H05H1/44—Plasma torches using an arc using more than one torch
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device according to the
- the preamble of claim 1 (see, e.g., FR-A-2 229 493).
- the rod-shaped electrode is switched as a cathode and used as plasma gas helium. This creates a very hot plasma that evaporates thin oxide layers. However, this is not the case with all light metal alloys.
- a plasma torch which has two electrodes, one of which is connected to the positive pole of a voltage source, and the second electrode is connected to the negative pole of a voltage source.
- the former electrode merely serves to build up an auxiliary sheet which extinguishes again after ignition of the main sheet.
- the initial supply of inert gas replaced by the supply of a welding gas.
- the apparatus according to GB 1 384 730 only one electrode is welded, namely with the electrode held at negative potential.
- the apparatus according to GB 1 384 730 serves to build up a protective gas envelope, which corresponds in composition to the welding gas.
- FR 2 229 493 describes a plasma welding machine with two electrodes, wherein the front electrode in the direction of movement is operated positively in order to rupture oxide layers, and the electrode lying behind negative to create the actual weld seam.
- the electrodes are arranged parallel to each other.
- GB 691 373 also discloses a device with two electrodes, which, however, are operated with an alternating voltage.
- the GB 691 373 deals in particular with the task of avoiding a tearing of the arc at the zero crossings of the AC voltage.
- GB 691 373 proposes to use a plurality of electrodes, wherein the respectively applied voltages of the electrodes have a phase difference to each other.
- US 3 931 489 is concerned with the welding of thin steel sheets, which are bent by a "forming mechanism" into a tube whose adjacent, longitudinal edges are subsequently to be welded.
- US Pat. No. 3,931,489 has the problem that the workpiece bent to form the pipe already has strong springing-up forces in those regions in which, when using a plurality of electrodes, that electrode is furthest away from the "forming mechanism". It is therefore the object of US Pat. No. 3,931,489 to design a multiple welding head so that it can be brought closer to the "forming mechanism", where the resilient forces of the steel sheet are still comparatively low. An indication of the generation of narrow and smooth weld seams while increasing the welding speed is also not apparent from US 3,931,489.
- the aim of the invention is therefore to avoid these disadvantages and to propose a device of the type mentioned, which enables a high welding speed even with difficult alloys and with which it can also be ensured that resulting oxide layers are removed.
- the proposed measures make it possible to connect the two rod-shaped electrodes to different poles of the voltage sources.
- plasma pulses which are generated with an electrode connected to the positive pole of a voltage source
- the oxide layers are torn open and with the subsequent plasma pulses, with the one with the negative terminal of a Voltage source connected and therefore connected as a cathode electrode are generated, the base material clean and welded with a large penetration, resulting in very narrow and smooth seams. It can be worked with a very high welding speed.
- By locking the switching devices which only allow voltage pulses of about 1 to 5 milliseconds, it is ensured that only one electrode can be acted upon.
- the workpiece to be machined can expediently be switched as the counterelectrode, but it is also possible to produce the nozzle, or the respective nozzle body, from an electrically conductive material and switch it as a counterelectrode.
- both electrodes can also be switched as cathodes.
- the required welding energy can be distributed to both electrodes and therefore they can be made thinner. This enables the production of very narrow images of e.g. only 9mm wide. With such devices can therefore be welded in hard to reach corners of workpieces, which greatly facilitates the structural design of such parts.
- each plasma arc can be effected by means of a high-frequency pulse, when the height of the voltage of the individual voltage pulses does not exceed the respective breakdown voltage of the distance between the electrode and its respective counter-electrode. However, the ignition can also be triggered by correspondingly high voltage pulses exceeding the respective breakdown voltage.
- the wear of the electrode connected to the positive pole which is subjected to higher stress, can be kept relatively low.
- an ionization of the effluent from the nozzle plasma gas in the region between the electrode and the nozzle can be achieved due to an RF rollover and thus the ignition of an arc between the electrode and the workpiece can be achieved due to the applied DC voltage.
- This also results in a very extensive protection of the plasma burner, since this is not burdened by the usual pilot arc.
- a nozzle made of a highly electrically conductive material and their connection via a high-resistance electrical resistance to the workpiece connected to the pole of the voltage source is also advantageous in devices according to the invention, in which the positive pole of the voltage source is connected to the nozzle passing through the electrode ,
- the features of claim 9 and 11 cause a constriction of the plasma, or avoid widening of the same due to the friction of the plasma in the air exiting at high speed, so that a very high concentration of energy is achieved.
- a receptacle 1 which is made of an electrically insulating material.
- this receptacle 1 are two holders 2, at the lower ends of which electrodes 3, 4 of a temperature-resistant material, such as e.g. Tungsten, used.
- the holder 2 are made of a highly electrically conductive material and are provided with a central bore 5, which are connected in the upper and lower regions via radial bores 6 with chambers 7, 8, of which the chambers 7, each with a gas channel 109, 109 ', is supplied separately via the plasma gas, are connected, and the chambers 8, each with a discharge nozzle 9 9' are connected.
- nozzles 9, 9 have conical inner walls, wherein the inner wall of the nozzle 9 extends substantially parallel to the conical end portion of the electrode 3, wherein the free end of the electrode 3 may be flattened.
- the electrode 4 is formed in contrast to the electrode 3 is substantially dull.
- a cooling channel 10 is provided in the receptacle 1, which from an inlet 11 to a penetrated by the holder 2 of the electrode 4 annulus 12 and of this, divided into two branch channels (Fig. 2) penetrated to another of the holder 2 of the electrode 3 Annulus 13 and from this leads to a spout 14.
- connection of the two electrodes 3, 4, or their holder 2 can via screw caps 15, or if the gas channels 109, 109 'have electrically conductive walls, via this. In the latter case, the connection via connection nipple, via which gas is supplied, take place.
- a tubular guide 16 is provided between the nozzles 9, 9 ', which is provided for guiding a serving as a supplementary wire wire.
- the guide 16 is cranked.
- the receptacle 1 can be made very narrow.
- the electrode 3 extends in the position of use of the receptacle 1 substantially vertically and the electrode 4 includes with this an acute angle which may be 20 ° to 70 ° in the rule.
- two identical electrodes 3 are provided, both of which enclose an angle with the vertical.
- connection head 18 spring-loaded connection nipple 20 are held axially displaceable, to which a water supply line 21 and a water outlet 22 are connected to the supply and removal of cooling water, said spring-loaded connection nipple 20 with connected recording 1 in the inlet and outlet 11, 14th intervene.
- the fixed connection nipple 23 engage with connected recording 1 in the inlets 25 of the gas channels 109, 109 'of the receptacle 1 a.
- O-rings used for sealing.
- an eccentrically arranged pin 26 is held in the connection head 18, which engages in a corresponding bore 27 of a receptacle 1. This ensures that a connection of a receptacle 1 to the connection head only in a certain position, in the just one proper flow through the gas and cooling channels is given is possible.
- connection head 18 can be connected with different electrodes 3, 4 fitted recordings 1, wherein such a change can be easily performed.
- Fig. 7 shows a detail of the nozzle body 9 for an electrode 3, which has a conical or substantially frusto-conical end.
- the inner wall 27 of the nozzle body 9 is substantially parallel to the conical end of the electrode 3. This measure ensures that the plasma gas is directed obliquely against the axis of the nozzle 9 and therefore the tendency of the exiting plasma with increasing distance from the Mouth of the nozzle 9 due to the friction to expand the ambient air is counteracted and therefore results on a workpiece to be machined desirably only a small focal spot.
- the conical nozzle bore 28 surrounding cold gas channels 29 are provided in the nozzle body 9, which are evenly distributed around the nozzle bore 28 concentrically arranged.
- the axes of these cold gas channels 29, most of which are an odd number, e.g. 3, 5 or 7 are provided, generatrix of a conical surface whose axis is concentric with the axis of the nozzle bore 28.
- These cold gas channels are open to the chamber 8 and open at the end face of the nozzle body.
- the plasma gas flowing through these cold gas passages causes cooling of the nozzle body 9 and causes a further constriction of the plasma emerging from the nozzle 9 and thus a reduction of the focal spot and thus an increase in the energy concentration in the latter.
- the supply of the chamber 8 with plasma gas via a gas channel 109, 109 ', the upper radial holes 6 of the holder 2, the central bore 5 and the lower radial holes. 6
- Fig. 8 shows schematically the connection of the device according to the invention.
- the electrodes 3, 4 are each connected to one pole each having a voltage source 31, 32 whose respective second pole is connected to a workpiece 30 via a respective switching device 33, 34.
- the back electrode 3 in the welding direction is connected as a cathode and connected to the negative pole of the voltage source 32.
- Typical values are e.g. a current of about 170A for a time of about 15ms and a break of about 3ms. During this time, the switching device 33 turns on and the connecting to the positive pole of the power source 31 electrode 4 is applied with ca: 250A for about 3ms.
- each electrode 3 in the receptacle 1 it is also possible to use two electrodes 3 in the receptacle 1 and to each connect them to the minus pole of a DC voltage source 32 and apply them essentially alternately, although overlapping times may also be provided. In this way, since the load of each electrode 3 is correspondingly small, small-diameter electrodes 3 can be used, whereby the receptacle can be made very narrow.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 10 differs from that according to FIGS. 1 and 2 in that helical ribs 35 are arranged in the chambers 8 which are connected to the gas connections via the gas channels 109, 109 ', between which helically extending channels remain through which the plasma gas flows to the nozzles 9, 9 '.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Plasma Technology (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Claims (12)
- Système avec deux sources de tension (31, 32) délivrant des impulsions de tension continue et avec une torche à plasma avec deux électrodes (3, 4) non sacrificielles en forme de barres reliées à une borne électrique et retenues dans un logement (1) à chacune desquelles est associée une contre-électrode ainsi qu'avec une buse (9) reliée à un branchement gaz, chacune des électrodes (3, 4) étant reliée à une source de tension (31, 32) qui lui est propre et qui délivre des impulsions de tension continue, une électrode (3) étant reliée au pôle négatif de sa source de tension (32) et l'autre électrode (4), au pôle positif de sa source de tension (31), l'autre des pôles des sources de tension (31, 32) respectives étant relié à la contre-électrode respective, l'intensité des impulsions de tension continue dépassant au moins la tension d'un arc entre une électrode (3, 4) respective et la contre-électrode associée à celle-ci et reliée à la même source de tension (31, 32), la tension étant alimentée par l'intermédiaire d'organes de commutation (S1, S2) qui sont verrouillés l'un par rapport à l'autre et qui interdisent l'application simultanée de tension sur les deux électrodes (3, 4) en forme de barre lorsque les deux électrodes (3, 4) sont polarisées différemment, caractérisé en ce que le logement (1) est réalisé en une matière électrique non conductrice et que les deux électrodes (3, 4) dépassent de la buse (9, 9') et forment un angle aigu.
- Système selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les deux électrodes en forme de barre (3, 4) forment un angle compris entre 20° et 70°, de préférence de 30°.
- Système selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'un pôle respectif de chacune des sources de tension (31, 32) est apte à être branché à une pièce à usiner (30) et que les deux électrodes en forme de barre (3, 4) sont branchées à des pôles différents des deux sources de tension (31, 32), l'électrode (4) reliée à un pôle positif étant située devant dans le sens du soudage.
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode (4) reliée à un pôle positif est conformée pour être sensiblement tronquée à la hauteur de son extrémité libre dépassant de la buse (9'), tandis que l'électrode (3) reliée au pôle négatif est conformée pour être sensiblement conique à la hauteur de son extrémité libre.
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que dans le logement (1) est prévu un canal de refroidissement (10) qui relie ensemble en série les chambres (8) disposées dans le logement (1) et occupées par les électrodes (3, 4) en forme de barre ou leurs fixations (2) et qui les relie aussi à une entrée (11) et à une sortie (14), la chambre (8) occupée par l'électrode (4) reliée au pôle positif étant reliée à l'entrée (11).
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins la buse (9) occupée par une électrode (3) reliée au pôle négatif de la source de tension (32) respective est réalisée en une matière électrique ayant de bonnes propriétés conductrices et est reliée au pôle de la source de tension (32) relié à la pièce à usiner (30) par l'intermédiaire d'une forte résistance électrique (1R2) comprise entre 103 et 106 ohms, de préférence de 105 ohms.
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins la buse (9) occupée par une électrode (4) reliée au pôle positif de la source de tension (32) respective est réalisée en une matière électrique ayant de bonnes propriétés conductrices et est reliée au pôle de la source de tension (32) relié à la pièce à usiner (30) par l'intermédiaire d'une forte résistance électrique (1R2) comprise entre 103 et 106 ohms, de préférence de 105 ohms.
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'un guide (16) pour un fil servant de matériau d'apport est prévu dans le logement (1) entre les buses (9, 9') occupées par les électrodes (3, 4) en forme de barre.
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode (3) reliée à un pôle négatif d'une source de tension (32) occupe une buse (9) conique avec sa partie d'extrémité libre conique, les surfaces coniques de la buse (9) et de l'électrode (3) s'étendant sensiblement parallèlement entre elles et formant un angle au sommet d'environ 20°.
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode (4) reliée à un pôle positif d'une source de tension (31) occupe une buse (9') sensiblement cylindrique et qu'entre la paroi interne de celle-ci et l'électrode (4) il reste une fente annulaire sensiblement constante.
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les corps des buses (9) comportent des canaux de gaz froid (29) communiquant avec le branchement gaz respectif, ces canaux étant disposés de manière concentrique autour de l'axe du trou (28) de la buse, répartis régulièrement autour de celui-ci et ouverts sur la face d'extrémité libre de la buse (9), les axes de ces canaux de gaz froid (29) formant des génératrices d'une surface conique dont la pointe est située devant l'extrémité libre de l'électrode (3).
- Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que, dans une chambre (8) occupée par une électrode (3, 4) ou par leurs fixations (2) et communiquant avec un branchement gaz, sont disposées des nervures (30) en hélice qui définissent des canaux en hélice.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT01890189T ATE335565T1 (de) | 2000-06-21 | 2001-06-19 | Plasmabrenner |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0045300U AT4667U1 (de) | 2000-06-21 | 2000-06-21 | Plasmabrenner |
AT4532000 | 2000-06-21 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1166942A2 EP1166942A2 (fr) | 2002-01-02 |
EP1166942A3 EP1166942A3 (fr) | 2004-01-02 |
EP1166942B1 true EP1166942B1 (fr) | 2006-08-09 |
Family
ID=3491008
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01890189A Expired - Lifetime EP1166942B1 (fr) | 2000-06-21 | 2001-06-19 | Torche plasma |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6410879B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1166942B1 (fr) |
AT (1) | AT4667U1 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2350977C (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9233432B2 (en) * | 2007-02-12 | 2016-01-12 | Yu Ming Zhang | Arc welder and related system |
CN101434000B (zh) * | 2008-12-13 | 2011-03-23 | 东方电气集团东方汽轮机有限公司 | 小内径深孔等离子喷焊枪 |
US9831070B1 (en) | 2017-06-15 | 2017-11-28 | Enercon Industries Corporation | Surface treater with expansion electrode arrangement |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB691373A (en) * | 1950-04-28 | 1953-05-13 | Gen Electric Co Ltd | Improvements in and relating to processes for electric arc welding and to apparatus for carrying out such processes |
ZA706418B (en) * | 1969-10-01 | 1971-05-27 | British Railways Board | Improvements relating to plasma torches |
JPS5113473B2 (fr) * | 1971-11-19 | 1976-04-28 | ||
FR2229493A1 (en) * | 1973-05-16 | 1974-12-13 | Pk Tekhno | Strip welding twin nozzle plasma gun - with opposed alternately pulsed current in either nozzle |
FR2232395B1 (fr) * | 1973-06-06 | 1976-05-28 | Soudure Autogene Francaise | |
US3931489A (en) * | 1973-11-05 | 1976-01-06 | Kabel-Und Metallwerke Gutehoffnungshuette Aktiengesellschaft | Multiarc seam welding apparatus for thin metal sheet |
US4119828A (en) * | 1977-02-08 | 1978-10-10 | Vsesojuzny Nauchno-Issledovatelsky Proektno-Konstruktorsky I Tekhnologichesky Institut Elektrosvarochnogo Oborudovania | Method of plasma multiarc welding by permanently burning direct-current arcs |
DE2926210A1 (de) | 1979-06-29 | 1981-02-12 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum elektrischen lichtbogenschweissen |
DE4105407A1 (de) * | 1991-02-21 | 1992-08-27 | Plasma Technik Ag | Plasmaspritzgeraet zum verspruehen von festem, pulverfoermigem oder gasfoermigem material |
US5798497A (en) * | 1995-02-02 | 1998-08-25 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Tunable, self-powered integrated arc plasma-melter vitrification system for waste treatment and resource recovery |
WO1996039794A1 (fr) * | 1995-06-05 | 1996-12-12 | Tohoku Unicom Co., Ltd. | Alimentation servant a une decharge par electrodes multiples |
JPH11117845A (ja) | 1997-10-11 | 1999-04-27 | Masahide Ichikawa | 内燃機関に於ける複数点火パルス発生回路 |
US6121571A (en) * | 1999-12-16 | 2000-09-19 | Trusi Technologies Llc | Plasma generator ignition circuit |
-
2000
- 2000-06-21 AT AT0045300U patent/AT4667U1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2001
- 2001-06-18 US US09/883,412 patent/US6410879B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-06-19 EP EP01890189A patent/EP1166942B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-20 CA CA002350977A patent/CA2350977C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US6410879B1 (en) | 2002-06-25 |
AT4667U1 (de) | 2001-10-25 |
EP1166942A2 (fr) | 2002-01-02 |
CA2350977C (fr) | 2009-05-12 |
CA2350977A1 (fr) | 2001-12-21 |
US20020033386A1 (en) | 2002-03-21 |
EP1166942A3 (fr) | 2004-01-02 |
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