EP1152641B1 - Four à micro-ondes destiné au chauffage de matières à chauffer - Google Patents

Four à micro-ondes destiné au chauffage de matières à chauffer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1152641B1
EP1152641B1 EP01105940A EP01105940A EP1152641B1 EP 1152641 B1 EP1152641 B1 EP 1152641B1 EP 01105940 A EP01105940 A EP 01105940A EP 01105940 A EP01105940 A EP 01105940A EP 1152641 B1 EP1152641 B1 EP 1152641B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microwave
heated
goods
microwave oven
oven according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01105940A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1152641A3 (fr
EP1152641A2 (fr
Inventor
Friedrich Dr. Phys. Raether
Jens Dipl.-Ing. Baber
Peter-A. Dipl.-Ing. Püschner
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Pueschner & Co KG GmbH
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
Original Assignee
Pueschner & Co KG GmbH
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Forderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Publication of EP1152641A3 publication Critical patent/EP1152641A3/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/64—Heating using microwaves
    • H05B6/647—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques
    • H05B6/6491—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques combined with the use of susceptors
    • H05B6/6494—Aspects related to microwave heating combined with other heating techniques combined with the use of susceptors for cooking

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microwave oven for heating of combustible material, with at least one microwave source, a cavity resonator, a coupling device for coupling and decoupling a microwave field in the cavity resonator.
  • microwave heating in contrast to conventional oven heating, the heat energy is not introduced at the surface of a component, but inside.
  • Fast heating with heating rates in excess of 200 k / min - as required by many engineering processes - results in large temperature gradients in the conventional oven between the hotter component surface and the colder interior.
  • the rapid microwave heating also produces temperature gradients, but in the opposite direction.
  • the temperature differences amount to several hundred Kelvin and lead to the destruction of the components due to thermal stresses.
  • Various measures were used to eliminate these temperature gradients: For example, additional absorbers for the microwave energy - so-called susceptors - were introduced into the microwave resonator. These first heat themselves and then release heat energy to the component.
  • susceptors For the microwaves transparent insulations - so-called caskets - are used, which envelop the kiln.
  • the temperature gradients can be reduced with the mentioned methods, but a precise and rapid control of the energy input via the component surface or the component volume is not possible.
  • hybrid ovens To reduce an undesirably large temperature gradient in the heating of the combustible various types of hybrid ovens have already been developed. With them, the heating is done with microwave energy and simultaneously with other heating methods: e.g. by resistance heating, gas firing and infrared radiation. The additional heating methods are used for controlled surface heating of the fuel. Numerous patent applications are available for this purpose (cf., for example, DE 196 33 247 C2). However, hybrid furnaces are more expensive to manufacture per se because of the combination of two heating techniques, more complicated to control and more error prone to operation than pure microwave ovens.
  • Object of the invention is to develop a microwave oven of the type mentioned in such a way that even with a very rapid heating of the fuel undesirable large temperature gradient between the interior of the combustible material and its surface can be avoided.
  • At least one microwave susceptor element is arranged at a predetermined distance and orientation to the kiln, which heats up in volume under the action of the microwave field and radiates heat energy to the kiln, and that on the microwave source and / or adjusting means acting on the cavity resonator are provided which generate a strong microwave field at the position of the burning material and at the position of the susceptor element (s).
  • the advantages of the invention are, in particular, that one or more microwave susceptor elements are provided in the cavity resonator, and that the cavity resonator is excited during a service interval with a first microwave mode in which a strong microwave field is generated at the positions of the susceptor elements Volumes the susceptor heats up in volume, which then give off their heat energy as radiant energy against the kiln and in this way heats the kiln on the surface.
  • a second operating interval of the cavity resonator is then energized with a second microwave mode, which has its maximum in the region of the fuel, so that the kiln is heated in volume from the microwave field, while the output from the susceptor elements heat radiation still stops and the surface of the fuel a high temperature holds.
  • the temperature gradient is reduced from the interior of the combustible to its surface.
  • the resonance conditions are changed so that either at the position of the fuel or at the position of the susceptor a field strength maximum is present.
  • the energy input via the Brenngut surface or in the Brenngut volume can be controlled so that the temperature gradient between the hotter indoor area and the cooler Brenngut-surface set in the desired manner, so that undesirable thermal stresses in the kiln can be largely avoided.
  • the two operating intervals, the susceptor elements or the kiln are heated by a microwave field, that is heated by two different microwave modes, also temporally overlap, so that simultaneously the two microwave modes are excited in the cavity.
  • the energy input is dominated by surface heating.
  • the susceptors are usually arranged geometrically so that they heat the component surface / n evenly.
  • the kiln can be heated in terms of volume more than the susceptors, so that primarily a volume heating takes place.
  • the temperatures of susceptors and kiln may e.g. be monitored with pyrometers. Surprisingly, it was found that in this way a very fast and precise control of surface and volume heating is possible. Since only microwave energy is used, a corresponding furnace can be realized favorably compared to complicated hybrid heating techniques. Unlike microwave ovens where closed caskets are used, the proposed oven can be combined with in-situ measurement techniques. In this way, the microwave heating process can be constantly monitored and precisely controlled.
  • Another advantage of the invention is that a combination with an external radiant heating is possible - by additional windows, the component surface can be acted upon with thermal energy. These windows can also be used to ensure a quick change of components in a series production.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a microwave oven 1, which serves for fast surface heating and volume heating of kiln.
  • a cavity resonator 2 has a cylindrical shape and has at its two end faces 3 each have a coupling device 4, which serves for coupling and decoupling of microwave energy.
  • the cavity resonator 2 is lined in its interior with its inner surface with insulating material 8 to reduce heat losses to the outside.
  • the firing 20 is arranged at a predetermined distance from the firing 20 susceptor elements 10 are positioned, which are formed in the illustrated embodiment as discs.
  • the peripheral wall 7 of the cavity 2 has two windows 6, outside the windows there is a pyrometer 22 for measuring the temperature of a Susceptorelements 10, and a second pyrometer 24, which is directed to the firing 20 and measures the temperature of the combustible material.
  • the insulating material 8 has corresponding channels to release the beam path of the pyrometer 22, 24 on the kiln and the susceptor elements 10.
  • Fig. 2 shows a block diagram of the microwave circuit. This consists of the cavity 2, at one end face of a coupling device 4 protrudes into the cavity 2. To the one coupling device 4, a phase shifter 30 is connected, which is connected via a variable impedance 32 to the microwave source 34, for example a magnetron. On the other end face of the resonant cavity 2, a coupling device 4 is likewise provided which, via a phase shifter 30, is connected to a variable impedance 32 lies.
  • One of the phase shifter 30 is electronically controllable. The resonator is operated in E 01n mode, so that the microwave field has cylindric symmetry .
  • phase shifter 30 and variable impedance 32 are referred to as adjusting means and act in the illustrated example on the coupling device 4 of the cavity 2 in order to change the field configuration in the desired manner.
  • the actuating means may also act directly on the microwave source and / or on the geometric configuration of the cavity 2 or on other elements provided in the cavity 2 for field configuration change purposes.
  • the corresponding surface temperatures of the combustible material 20 and the susceptor elements 10 are detected.
  • the operating intervals, near which the susceptor elements 10 or the firing material 20 is heated, are controlled in time so that always the desired temperature difference between the susceptor elements 10 and the firing material 20 is maintained.
  • the coupling devices 4 contain in the cavity 2 protruding antennas, which are preferably hollow inside and allow in its hollow channel, the supply or discharge of furnace gas or allow in situ measurement of properties of the fuel or the susceptor during microwave heating. Additional windows allow further process monitoring, for example with CCD cameras.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Four à micro-ondes destiné à chauffer des produits à chauffer, comprenant au moins une source de micro-ondes, une cavité résonante qui contient un dispositif de couplage pour le couplage et le découplage d'un champ à micro-ondes dans la cavité résonante, caractérisé en ce qu'à distance et orientation prédéfinies du produit à chauffer (20), on dispose au moins un élément suscepteur de micro-ondes (10), qui chauffe de manière volumétrique sous l'effet du champ à micro-ondes et rayonne de l'énergie thermique vers le produit à chauffer (20) et en ce que des moyens de commande (30, 32) agissant sur la source de micro-ondes (34) et/ou la cavité résonante (2) sont prévus, lesquels produisent un fort champ à micro-ondes au niveau de la position du produit à chauffer et/ou au niveau de la position du ou des éléments suscepteurs (10).
  2. Four à micro-ondes selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commande (30, 32) agissent sur le dispositif de couplage (4) afin de produire un fort champ à micro-ondes au niveau de la position du produit à chauffer (20) et/ou au niveau de la position d'au moins un élément suscepteur (10).
  3. Four à micro-ondes selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commande (30, 32) agissent sur le dispositif de couplage (4) du champ à micro-ondes en fonction de la température du produit à chauffer détectée au moyen d'un pyromètre (22), de telle sorte qu'il règne au niveau de la position d'un élément suscepteur (10) un champ à micro-ondes qui produit la température souhaitée au niveau de la position du produit à chauffer (20).
  4. Four à micro-ondes selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commande produisent simultanément ou l'un après l'autre au niveau de la position du produit à chauffer (20), au niveau de la position du ou des éléments suscepteurs (10), un maximum de champ à micro-ondes.
  5. Four à micro-ondes selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commande produisent, dans la cavité résonante, un premier mode de micro-ondes qui présente un maximum d'intensité de champ au niveau de la position du ou des éléments suscepteurs (10), et ensuite un deuxième mode de micro-ondes qui présente un maximum d'intensité de champ au niveau de la position du produit à chauffer (20).
  6. Four à micro-ondes selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de commande contiennent, entre la source de micro-ondes (1) et le dispositif de couplage (4), un déphaseur (30) et éventuellement une impédance variable (32).
  7. Four à micro-ondes selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que la cavité résonante (2) possède une forme cylindrique et présente sur ses côtés frontaux opposés à chaque fois un dispositif de couplage (4), en ce qu'un dispositif de couplage (4) s'applique à la source de micro-ondes (1) par le biais d'un déphaseur (30) et d'une impédance variable (32) et en ce que l'autre dispositif de couplage (4) est connecté à une impédance variable (32) par le biais d'un déphaseur (30).
  8. Four à micro-ondes selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le déphaseur (30) peut être commandé électriquement.
  9. Four à micro-ondes selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par un premier pyromètre (22) qui mesure à travers une fenêtre (6) dans la paroi de la cavité résonante (2) la température du produit à chauffer (20).
  10. Four à micro-ondes selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par un deuxième pyromètre (24) qui mesure à travers une fenêtre (6) dans la paroi de la cavité résonante (2) la température d'un élément suscepteur (10).
  11. Four à micro-ondes selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une isolation thermique (8) au niveau de la surface interne de la cavité résonante (2).
  12. Four à micro-ondes selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le produit à chauffer (20) est placé au milieu de la cavité résonante (2), et en ce que les éléments suscepteurs (10) sont réalisés sous forme de disques qui sont placés à une distance prédéfinie du produit à chauffer (20).
  13. Four à micro-ondes selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une fenêtre supplémentaire est prévue dans la paroi de la cavité résonante (2), et en ce qu'en dehors de la cavité résonante (2) est disposé un chauffage par rayonnement qui sollicite le produit à chauffer (20) à travers la fenêtre avec de l'énergie thermique.
EP01105940A 2000-05-03 2001-03-09 Four à micro-ondes destiné au chauffage de matières à chauffer Expired - Lifetime EP1152641B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10021528 2000-05-03
DE10021528A DE10021528A1 (de) 2000-05-03 2000-05-03 Mikrowellenofen zum Aufheizen von Brenngut

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1152641A2 EP1152641A2 (fr) 2001-11-07
EP1152641A3 EP1152641A3 (fr) 2003-11-26
EP1152641B1 true EP1152641B1 (fr) 2006-02-01

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Family Applications (1)

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EP01105940A Expired - Lifetime EP1152641B1 (fr) 2000-05-03 2001-03-09 Four à micro-ondes destiné au chauffage de matières à chauffer

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP1152641B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE317209T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10021528A1 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102008015483A1 (de) * 2008-03-25 2009-10-01 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Ofen zur thermischen Behandlung eines dentalen Brennobjektes
US9249048B2 (en) 2010-04-16 2016-02-02 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Lithium silicate glass ceramic and glass with ZrO2 content
US9248078B2 (en) 2003-08-07 2016-02-02 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Lithium silicate materials
US9402699B2 (en) 2011-10-14 2016-08-02 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Lithium silicate glass ceramic and lithium silicate glass comprising a trivalent metal oxide
US9434639B2 (en) 2005-02-08 2016-09-06 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Lithium silicate materials

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US9220576B2 (en) 2003-08-07 2015-12-29 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Machining of ceramic materials
DE102005049533B3 (de) * 2005-10-17 2007-01-25 Püschner Gmbh & Co. Kg Mikrowellen-Durchlaufofen
US8865606B2 (en) 2010-04-16 2014-10-21 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Process for the preparation of dental restorations
PT2765979E (pt) 2011-10-14 2016-03-29 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Vitrocerâmica de silicato de lítio e vidro de silicato de lítio contendo um óxido metálico pentavalente
DE112012004313A5 (de) 2011-10-14 2014-07-24 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Lithiumsilikat-Glaskeramik und -Glas mit sechswertigem Metalloxid
ES2566555T3 (es) 2011-10-14 2016-04-13 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Vitrocerámica y vidrio de silicato de litio con óxido metálico tetravalente
MX350428B (es) 2011-10-14 2017-09-05 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Ceramico de vidrio de silicato de litio y vidrio con oxido de metal divalente.
WO2013053863A2 (fr) 2011-10-14 2013-04-18 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Vitrocéramique et verre en silicate de lithium, ayant un oxyde métallique monovalent
KR101668940B1 (ko) 2012-05-04 2016-10-24 이보클라 비바덴트 아게 리튬 디실리케이트-애퍼타이트 유리-세라믹
KR20170007536A (ko) 2012-05-11 2017-01-18 이보클라 비바덴트 아게 치과용 예비-소결된 블랭크
WO2013167722A1 (fr) 2012-05-11 2013-11-14 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Ébauche préfrittée à usage dentaire
ES2894961T3 (es) 2013-02-12 2022-02-16 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Pieza en bruto para fines dentales
EP2792649B1 (fr) 2013-04-15 2019-11-27 Ivoclar Vivadent AG Vitrocéramique et verre au lithium-silice ayant une teneur en oxyde de rubidium
EP2944619B1 (fr) 2014-05-13 2023-08-09 Ivoclar Vivadent AG Procédé de fabrication de verres en silicate de lithium et vitrocéramique en silicate de lithium
EP3050856B1 (fr) 2015-01-30 2019-05-29 Ivoclar Vivadent AG Vitrocéramique en diopside-lithium-silice
DE102017100074B4 (de) * 2017-01-04 2019-03-14 Miele & Cie. Kg Verfahren zum Behandeln von Gargut und Gargerät zur Durchführung eines solchen Verfahrens

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US3478188A (en) * 1967-10-13 1969-11-11 Varian Associates Multimode cavity resonator with two coupling holes at wall corners
US4446349A (en) * 1983-01-03 1984-05-01 General Electric Company Microwave phase shifting device
GB2281016A (en) * 1993-08-10 1995-02-15 Ea Tech Ltd Microwave-assisted processing of materials
DE19633247C2 (de) * 1996-08-17 1999-09-09 Karlsruhe Forschzent Mikrowellenofen zur Sinterung von Sintergut und Verfahren zur Sinterung von Sintergut mit einem solchen Ofen
DE19700140A1 (de) * 1997-01-04 1998-07-09 Gero Hochtemperaturoefen Gmbh Brennofen für die Hochtemperaturbehandlung von Materialien mit niedrigem dielektrischem Verlustfaktor

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9248078B2 (en) 2003-08-07 2016-02-02 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Lithium silicate materials
US9434639B2 (en) 2005-02-08 2016-09-06 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Lithium silicate materials
US12006247B2 (en) 2005-02-08 2024-06-11 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Lithium silicate materials
DE102008015483A1 (de) * 2008-03-25 2009-10-01 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Ofen zur thermischen Behandlung eines dentalen Brennobjektes
DE102008015483B4 (de) 2008-03-25 2018-10-11 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Ofen zur thermischen Behandlung eines dentalen Brennobjektes
US9249048B2 (en) 2010-04-16 2016-02-02 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Lithium silicate glass ceramic and glass with ZrO2 content
US9402699B2 (en) 2011-10-14 2016-08-02 Ivoclar Vivadent Ag Lithium silicate glass ceramic and lithium silicate glass comprising a trivalent metal oxide

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10021528A1 (de) 2001-11-22
DE50108820D1 (de) 2006-04-13
EP1152641A3 (fr) 2003-11-26
ATE317209T1 (de) 2006-02-15
EP1152641A2 (fr) 2001-11-07

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