EP1122330B1 - Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zum Nitrocarburieren von Eisenwerkstoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zum Nitrocarburieren von Eisenwerkstoffen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1122330B1 EP1122330B1 EP20000102360 EP00102360A EP1122330B1 EP 1122330 B1 EP1122330 B1 EP 1122330B1 EP 20000102360 EP20000102360 EP 20000102360 EP 00102360 A EP00102360 A EP 00102360A EP 1122330 B1 EP1122330 B1 EP 1122330B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hydrocarbons
- reaction gas
- coefficient
- ammonia
- volume
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1.
- the invention further relates to the Use of a device for performing such a method.
- the surface layer is enriched with nitrogen by the ammonia (NH 3 ) contained in a reaction gas at temperatures of generally over 500 ° C under the catalytic effect of the surface of the workpieces to be nitrided decays into nitrogen (N) and hydrogen (H).
- the ammonia molecule is adsorbed and gradually degraded on the workpiece surface, whereby the required nitrogen is released in atomic form and is available for solution in iron and for the formation of iron nitride (Fe x N).
- the surface layer is simultaneously enriched with carbon.
- Atomic carbon (C) diffuses in an analogous manner through the workpiece surface into the surface layer.
- connection layer which, when nitriding or nitrocarburizing, mainly consists of hexagonal ⁇ -nitride (Fe 2-3 N) and face-centered cubic ⁇ '-nitride (Fe 4 N).
- connection layer which, when nitriding or nitrocarburizing, mainly consists of hexagonal ⁇ -nitride (Fe 2-3 N) and face-centered cubic ⁇ '-nitride (Fe 4 N).
- the carbon index K C for a reaction gas with a composition of 50% by volume ammonia (NH 3 ) and 50% by volume endogas which is usually used for nitrocarburizing with regard to an optimized content of ⁇ -nitride, has values between 1, 5 and 2.5, if the proportion of ammonia reacted during nitrocarburizing in the gas atmosphere is between 15% by volume and 40% by volume.
- the carbonization index K C is significantly lower for a reaction gas with a composition of 50% by volume NH 3 , 45% by volume N 2 and 5% by volume CO 2 .
- nitrocarburizing is carried out with a proportion of carbon dioxide in the gas atmosphere between 0 vol.% And 7 vol.% And a proportion of ammonia between 0 vol.% And 40 vol.%
- the carbonization index K C values between 0 and 0.5 on. Due to the by the formula: CO + H 2 O ⁇ CO 2 + H 2 described balance of the components carbon monoxide (CO), water vapor (H 2 O) D, carbon dioxide (CO 2) and hydrogen (H 2) in the gas atmosphere, the nitriding potential K N K C and the carburizing interdependent.
- the carbonization index K C can only be changed to a limited extent with a predetermined nitriding index K N and can therefore only be used to a limited extent to influence workpiece properties.
- a disadvantage is furthermore that the carburizing K C in the commonly used reaction gases has not sufficiently high values such that the influenced by the content of carbon in the bonding layer technical properties of metallic workpieces, such as wear resistance or corrosion resistance, not to the extent possible can be exploited.
- the invention is based on the object of developing a method for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces in such a way that an improved wear and corrosion resistance of the treated workpieces can be achieved.
- unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type C n H 2n preferably ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) or propylene (C 2 H 6 ).
- saturated hydrocarbons of the type C n H 2n + 2 preferably ethane (C 2 H 6 ) or propane (C 3 H 8 ). This is because thermal splitting of the saturated hydrocarbons during the course of the process can result in the formation of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
- the hydrocarbons can advantageously also be added only while they are kept at a certain temperature, preferably a nitriding temperature between 500 ° C. and 700 ° C. With regard to a process control optimized with regard to the required workpiece properties, it may also be expedient to add the hydrocarbons only at the end of the holding to the nitriding temperature.
- a particularly advantageous procedure is also given when the hydrocarbons are added discontinuously, for example only at certain times, which enables a process-adapted procedure.
- the invention according to the proposed limitation of the addition of hydrocarbons to a proportion of 3 vol.% To 25 vol.% Depending on the composition of the reaction gas offers the advantage that an increased separation of free carbon, which generally leads to undesired sooting, for example the interior of heat treatment furnaces , leads, is avoided.
- a reaction gas with a composition of 95% by volume ammonia (NH 3 ) and 5% by volume propane (C 3 H 8 ) is proposed, which can also be produced economically.
- 1 and 2 show the content of carbon w C and nitrogen w N of the connecting layer of two nitrocarburized workpiece samples as a function of the edge distance r of the connecting layer.
- the identical workpiece samples of the steel grade 16 Mn Cr 5 material no. 1.7131 were heated to a nitriding temperature of approx. 580 ° C in an ammonia-containing gas atmosphere of a chamber furnace.
- the volume flow of reaction gases G 1 , G 2 flowing through the chamber furnace was in each case approximately 4 m 3 / h. After approximately 180 minutes of nitrocarburizing, the samples were cooled to room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere. The connection layer determined afterwards was approx. 16 ⁇ m - 18 ⁇ m.
- the depth profiles of carbon differ considerably from one another.
- the curve of the carbon content in the workpiece sample treated with the reaction gas G 2 lies considerably above the carbon content achieved with the reaction gas G 1 up to the middle of the connecting layer and only then takes a course that roughly matches this and is approximately parallel to the drop in the nitrogen content.
- the course of the carbon content in FIGS. 1 and 2 thus confirms that the addition of propane in the reaction gas G 2 produces a higher carbon content in the connecting layer, which results from a higher carbon index K C of the reaction gas G 2 and not least to one leads to improved wear and corrosion resistance of the workpiece sample.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- ein den Gehalt von Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff in der Verbindungsschicht eines nitrocarburierten Werkstücks in Abhängigkeit vom Randabstand zeigendes Diagramm bei Verwendung eines konventionellen Reaktionsgases und
- Fig. 2
- ein Fig. 1 entsprechendes Diagramm bei Verwendung eines Reaktionsgases, dem ein Kohlenwasserstoff zugegeben ist.
- wC
- Kohlenstoffgehalt
- wN
- Stickstoffgehalt
- r
- Randabstand
- G1
- Reaktionsgas
- G2
- Reaktionsgas
Claims (6)
- Verfahren zum Nitrocarburieren von Eisenwerkstoffen in einer stickstoffhaltigen Gasatmosphäre, bei dem durch geeignete Wahl der Nitrierkennzahl Kn und kohlungskennzahl Kc eines ammoniakhaltigen Reaktiongases der in der Verbindungsschicht vorhandene Stickstoff und kohlenstoffgehalt der Randschicht von behandelten Werkstücken gezielt eingestellt wird
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Reaktionsgas zusätzlich während der gesamten Wärmebehandlung oder während des Haltens auf Nitriertemperatur zwischen 500°C und 700°C Kohlenwasserstoffe zur Bildung einer Nitrocarburieratmosphäre mit einem Anteil von 3 Vol.-% bis 25 Vol.-% an Kohlenwasserstoffen zugesetzt werden und hierdurch die Koppelung der Kohlungskennzahl KC an die Nitrierkennzahl KN während der Behandlung aufgehoben wird. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe des Typs CnH2n, vorzugsweise Ethylen (C2H4) oder Propylen (C2H6), oder gesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe des Typs CnH2n+2, vorzugsweise Ethan (C2H6) oder Propan (C3H8), zugesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kohlenwasserstoffe erst zum Ende des Haltens auf Nitriertemperatur zugegeben werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kohlenwasserstoffe diskontinuierlich zugegeben werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch ein Reaktionsgas mit einer Zusammensetzung aus 95 Vol.-% Ammoniak (NH3) und 5 Vol.-% Propan (C3H8).
- Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bestehend aus einem Wärmebehandlungsofen mit einem beheizbaren, gasdichten Innenraum zum Nitrocarburieren von metallischen Werkstücken und mit einer Einrichtung zum dosierten Zugeben von Ammoniak und Kohlenwasserstoffen.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE50008409T DE50008409D1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zum Nitrocarburieren von Eisenwerkstoffen |
EP20000102360 EP1122330B1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zum Nitrocarburieren von Eisenwerkstoffen |
AT00102360T ATE280847T1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Verfahren und verwendung einer vorrichtung zum nitrocarburieren von eisenwerkstoffen |
US09/562,698 US6406560B1 (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-04-28 | Method for the thermal treatment of metal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20000102360 EP1122330B1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zum Nitrocarburieren von Eisenwerkstoffen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1122330A1 EP1122330A1 (de) | 2001-08-08 |
EP1122330B1 true EP1122330B1 (de) | 2004-10-27 |
Family
ID=8167774
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20000102360 Expired - Lifetime EP1122330B1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zum Nitrocarburieren von Eisenwerkstoffen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6406560B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1122330B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE280847T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50008409D1 (de) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102732820A (zh) * | 2011-04-10 | 2012-10-17 | 上海上大热处理有限公司 | 汽车刹车盘的气体氮碳共渗方法 |
DE102013226091A1 (de) | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Zylindertrommel einer hydrostatischen Axialkolbenmaschine mit einer Verschleißschutzschicht |
DE102013226090A1 (de) | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Gasnitrocarburieren |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7622197B2 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2009-11-24 | Ferroxy-Aled, Llc | Seasoned ferrous cookware |
DE102009038598B4 (de) * | 2009-08-26 | 2017-06-22 | Ipsen International Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von Prozessgasen für Wärmebehandlungen von metallischen Werkstoffen/Werkstücken in Industrieöfen |
CN103703274B (zh) * | 2011-06-30 | 2016-10-26 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于无级变速器传动带的柔性环及其制造方法 |
US9389155B1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2016-07-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Fatigue test specimen |
WO2019205114A1 (zh) * | 2018-04-28 | 2019-10-31 | 邢台三厦铸铁有限公司 | 对铸铁炊具进行表面处理的方法及铸铁炊具 |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4496401A (en) * | 1981-10-15 | 1985-01-29 | Lucas Industries | Corrosion resistant steel components and method of manufacture thereof |
FR2524006B1 (fr) * | 1982-03-23 | 1985-10-11 | Air Liquide | Procede de durcissement superficiel de pieces metalliques |
US4547228A (en) * | 1983-05-26 | 1985-10-15 | Procedyne Corp. | Surface treatment of metals |
DE3718240C1 (de) * | 1987-05-30 | 1988-01-14 | Ewald Schwing | Verfahren zur Waermebehandlung von metallischen Werkstuecken in einer gasdurchstroemten Wirbelschicht |
DE3937699A1 (de) * | 1989-11-13 | 1991-05-16 | Thaelmann Schwermaschbau Veb | Verfahren zum herstellen von (epsilon)-karbonitridschichten definierter zusammensetzung |
DD297053A5 (de) * | 1990-08-23 | 1992-01-02 | Zi Fuer Festkoerperphysik Und Werkstofforschung Der Adw,De | Verschleissfeste epsilon-eisenkarbinitridschicht auf kohlenstoffhaltigen staehlen und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
DE4033706A1 (de) * | 1990-10-24 | 1991-02-21 | Hans Prof Dr Ing Berns | Einsatzhaerten mit stickstoff zur verbesserung des korrosionswiderstandes martensitischer nichtrostender staehle |
RU2048601C1 (ru) * | 1993-12-20 | 1995-11-20 | Рыжов Николай Михайлович | Способ диагностики процесса химико-термической обработки сталей и сплавов в тлеющем разряде и устройство для его осуществления |
DE19509614A1 (de) * | 1995-03-21 | 1996-09-26 | Hans Ruediger Dr Ing Hoffmann | Regelung von Nitrier- und Nitrocarburieratmosphären |
DE19719225C1 (de) * | 1997-05-07 | 1998-08-06 | Volker Dipl Ing Leverkus | Verfahren zur Regelung einer Nitrier- bzw. Nitrocarburier-Atmosphäre sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
-
2000
- 2000-02-04 AT AT00102360T patent/ATE280847T1/de active
- 2000-02-04 EP EP20000102360 patent/EP1122330B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-04 DE DE50008409T patent/DE50008409D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-28 US US09/562,698 patent/US6406560B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102732820A (zh) * | 2011-04-10 | 2012-10-17 | 上海上大热处理有限公司 | 汽车刹车盘的气体氮碳共渗方法 |
CN102732820B (zh) * | 2011-04-10 | 2015-01-21 | 上海上大热处理有限公司 | 汽车刹车盘的气体氮碳共渗方法 |
DE102013226091A1 (de) | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Zylindertrommel einer hydrostatischen Axialkolbenmaschine mit einer Verschleißschutzschicht |
DE102013226090A1 (de) | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Gasnitrocarburieren |
US9970093B2 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2018-05-15 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for gas carbonitriding |
US10281042B2 (en) | 2013-12-16 | 2019-05-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Cylinder drum of a hydrostatic axial piston machine having a wear-resistant layer |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50008409D1 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
ATE280847T1 (de) | 2004-11-15 |
EP1122330A1 (de) | 2001-08-08 |
US6406560B1 (en) | 2002-06-18 |
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