EP1122330A1 - Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zum Nitrocarburieren von Eisenwerkstoffen - Google Patents
Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zum Nitrocarburieren von Eisenwerkstoffen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1122330A1 EP1122330A1 EP00102360A EP00102360A EP1122330A1 EP 1122330 A1 EP1122330 A1 EP 1122330A1 EP 00102360 A EP00102360 A EP 00102360A EP 00102360 A EP00102360 A EP 00102360A EP 1122330 A1 EP1122330 A1 EP 1122330A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- hydrocarbons
- added
- reaction gas
- nitrocarburizing
- ammonia
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for heat treatment of metallic Workpieces in a nitrogen-containing gas atmosphere, especially for Nitrocarburizing of ferrous materials.
- the invention further relates to the Use of a device for performing such a method.
- thermochemical heat treatment To create defined workpiece properties, such as a high one Wear resistance or sufficient corrosion resistance metallic workpieces are subjected to a thermochemical heat treatment.
- the result of the heat treatment is, for example, nitriding or nitrocarburizing Enriching the edge layer of the workpieces with nitrogen and / or Carbon in order to achieve the required mechanical and to impart chemical properties on the surface and in the edge area.
- the surface layer is enriched with nitrogen by the ammonia (NH 3 ) contained in a reaction gas at temperatures of generally over 500 ° C under the catalytic effect of the surface of the workpieces to be nitrided breaks down into nitrogen (N) and hydrogen (H).
- the ammonia molecule is adsorbed and gradually degraded on the workpiece surface, releasing the required nitrogen in atomic form and making it available for solution in iron and for the formation of iron nitride (Fe x N).
- the surface layer is simultaneously enriched with carbon.
- Atomic carbon (C) diffuses in an analogous manner through the workpiece surface into the boundary layer.
- connection layer which, when nitriding or nitrocarburizing, mainly consists of hexagonal ⁇ -nitride (Fe 2-3 N) and face-centered cubic ⁇ '-nitride (Fe 4 N) exists.
- connection layer which, when nitriding or nitrocarburizing, mainly consists of hexagonal ⁇ -nitride (Fe 2-3 N) and face-centered cubic ⁇ '-nitride (Fe 4 N) exists.
- the choice of the process parameters temperature and duration of treatment but above all the composition of the reaction gas used, have a decisive influence on the properties of the connection layer. This is due to the fact that the proportion of the elements diffusing through the surface into the surface layer, such as nitrogen (N), carbon (C) or also oxygen (O) and sulfur (S), the temperature and treatment time given the process gas composition for given process parameters is determined.
- the carbonization index K C for a reaction gas used for nitrocarburizing with a composition of 50% by volume ammonia (NH 3 ) and 50% by volume endogas with regard to an optimized ⁇ -nitride content has values between 1, 5 and 2.5, if the proportion of ammonia reacted during nitrocarburizing in the gas atmosphere is between 15% by volume and 40% by volume.
- the carbonization index K C is significantly lower for a reaction gas with a composition of 50% by volume NH 3 , 45% by volume N 2 and 5% by volume CO 2 .
- nitrocarburizing is carried out with a proportion of carbon dioxide in the gas atmosphere between 0 vol.% And 7 vol.% And a proportion of ammonia between 0 vol.% And 40 vol.%
- the carbonization index K C values between 0 and 0.5 on. Due to the by the formula: CO + H 2 O CO 2 + H 2 described balance of the components carbon monoxide (CO), water vapor (H 2 O) D, carbon dioxide (CO 2) and hydrogen (H 2) in the gas atmosphere, the nitriding potential K N K C and the carburizing interdependent.
- the carbonization index K C can only be changed to a limited extent with a predetermined nitriding index K N and can therefore only be used to a limited extent to influence workpiece properties.
- Another disadvantage is that the carbonization index K C does not have sufficiently high values for the reaction gases usually used, so that the technical properties of metallic workpieces, such as wear resistance or corrosion resistance, which are influenced by the carbon content in the connecting layer, are not to the extent possible can be exploited.
- the invention is based on the object of developing a method for the heat treatment of metallic workpieces such that an improved wear and corrosion resistance of the treated workpieces can be achieved.
- This object is achieved in a method of the type mentioned according to the invention in that the surface layer of the treated workpieces is selectively adjusted by a suitable choice of the nitriding potential K N and carburizing K C of an ammonia-containing reaction gas, the present in the compound layer of nitrogen and carbon content, and to generate a relatively high carbon content in the compound layer hydrocarbons are added to the reaction gas.
- Such a process embraces the surprising finding that the process-related coupling of the coalation index K C to the nitration index K N has been eliminated by the additional carbon supply in the gas atmosphere caused by the addition of hydrocarbons in the reaction gas.
- the carbon index K C can then be changed independently of the nitriding index K N.
- the result of this is that comparatively high values for the carbon index K C can be achieved in the gas atmosphere.
- unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type C n H 2n preferably ethylene (C 2 H 4 ) or propylene (C 2 H 6 ).
- saturated hydrocarbons of the type C n H 2n + 2 preferably ethane (C 2 H 6 ) or propane (C 3 H 8 ). This is because thermal splitting of the saturated hydrocarbons during the course of the process can result in the formation of unsaturated hydrocarbons.
- the hydrocarbons can advantageously also be added only while holding at a certain temperature, preferably a nitriding temperature between 500 ° C. and 700 ° C. With regard to a process control optimized with regard to the required workpiece properties, it can also be expedient to add the hydrocarbons only at the end of the holding to the nitriding temperature.
- hydrocarbons are added discontinuously, for example only at certain times, which enables a process-adapted procedure.
- hydrocarbons are added in a proportion of 3% by volume to 25% by volume.
- Such a limitation of the addition of hydrocarbons depending on the composition of the reaction gas offers the advantage that an increased separation of free carbon, which generally leads to undesirable sooting, for example of the interior of heat treatment furnaces, is avoided.
- a reaction gas with a composition of 95% by volume ammonia (NH 3 ) and 5% by volume propane (C 3 H 8 ) is proposed, which is also economical to produce.
- 1 and 2 show the content of carbon w C and nitrogen w N of the connecting layer of two nitrocarburized workpiece samples as a function of the edge distance r of the connecting layer.
- the identical workpiece samples of the steel grade 16 Mn Cr 5 material no. 1.7131 were heated to a nitriding temperature of approx. 580 ° C in an ammonia-containing gas atmosphere of a chamber furnace.
- the volume flow of the reaction gases G 1 , G 2 flowing through the chamber furnace was in each case approximately 4 m 3 / h. After approximately 180 minutes of nitrocarburizing, the samples were cooled to room temperature in a nitrogen atmosphere. The connection layer determined afterwards was approx. 16 ⁇ m - 18 ⁇ m.
- the depth profiles of carbon differ considerably from one another.
- the curve of the carbon content in the workpiece sample treated with the reaction gas G 2 lies well above the carbon content achieved with the reaction gas G 1 up to the middle of the connecting layer and only then takes a course which roughly matches this and is approximately parallel to the drop in the nitrogen content.
- the course of the carbon content in FIGS. 1 and 2 thus confirms that the addition of propane in the reaction gas G 2 produces a higher carbon content in the connecting layer, which results from a higher carbon index K C of the reaction gas G 2 and not least to one leads to improved wear and corrosion resistance of the workpiece sample.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Fig. 1
- ein den Gehalt von Stickstoff und Kohlenstoff in der Verbindungsschicht eines nitrocarburierten Werkstücks in Abhängigkeit vom Randabstand zeigendes Diagramm bei Verwendung eines konventionellen Reaktionsgases und
- Fig. 2
- ein Fig. 1 entsprechendes Diagramm bei Verwendung eines Reaktionsgases, dem ein Kohlenwasserstoff zugegeben ist.
- WC
- Kohlenstoffgehalt
- WN
- Stickstoffgehalt
- r
- Randabstand
- G1
- Reaktionsgas
- G2
- Reaktionsgas
Claims (9)
- Verfahren zur Wärmebehandlung metallischer Werkstücke in einer stickstoffhaltigen Gasatmosphäre, insbesondere zum Nitrocarburieren von Eisenwerkstoffen, bei dem durch eine unabhängige Wahl der Nitrierkennzahl KN und Kohlungskennzahl KC eines ammoniakhaltigen Reaktionsgases (G2) der in der Verbindungsschicht vorhandene Stickstoff- und Kohlenstoffgehalt (wN, wC) der Randschicht der behandelten Werkstücke gezielt eingestellt wird, wobei zur Erzeugung eines verhältnismäßig hohen Kohlenstoffgehalts (wC) in der Verbindungsschicht dem Reaktionsgas (G2) Kohlenwasserstoffe zugesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ungesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe des Typs CnH2n, vorzugsweise Ethylen (C2H4) oder Propylen (C2H6), oder gesättigte Kohlenwasserstoffe des Typs CnH2n+2, vorzugsweise Ethan (C2H6) oder Propan (C3H8), zugesetzt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kohlenwasserstoffe während der gesamten Wärmebehandlung zugegeben werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kohlenwasserstoffe lediglich während des Haltens auf einer bestimmten Temperatur, vorzugsweise einer Nitriertemperatur zwischen 500 °C und 700 °C, zugegeben werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kohlenwasserstoffe erst zum Ende des Haltens auf Nitriertemperatur zugegeben werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kohlenwasserstoffe diskontinuierlich zugegeben werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass je nach Zusammensetzung des Reaktionsgases (G2) Kohlenwasserstoffe in einem Anteil von 3 Vol.-% bis 25 Vol.-% zugegeben werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, gekennzeichnet durch ein Reaktionsgas (G2) mit einer Zusammensetzung aus 95 Vol.-% Ammoniak (NH3) und 5 Vol.-% Propan (C3H8).
- Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, bestehend aus einem Wärmebehandlungsofen mit einem beheizbaren, gasdichten Innenraum zum Nitrocarburieren von metallischen Werkstücken und mit einer Einrichtung zum dosierten Zugeben von Ammoniak und Kohlenwasserstoffen.
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20000102360 EP1122330B1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zum Nitrocarburieren von Eisenwerkstoffen |
DE50008409T DE50008409D1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zum Nitrocarburieren von Eisenwerkstoffen |
AT00102360T ATE280847T1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Verfahren und verwendung einer vorrichtung zum nitrocarburieren von eisenwerkstoffen |
US09/562,698 US6406560B1 (en) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-04-28 | Method for the thermal treatment of metal |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20000102360 EP1122330B1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zum Nitrocarburieren von Eisenwerkstoffen |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1122330A1 true EP1122330A1 (de) | 2001-08-08 |
EP1122330B1 EP1122330B1 (de) | 2004-10-27 |
Family
ID=8167774
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20000102360 Expired - Lifetime EP1122330B1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Verfahren und Verwendung einer Vorrichtung zum Nitrocarburieren von Eisenwerkstoffen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6406560B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1122330B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE280847T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50008409D1 (de) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2302081A1 (de) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-03-30 | Ipsen International GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von Prozessgasen für Wärmebehandlungen von metallischen Werkstoffen/Werkstücken in Industrieöfen |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7622197B2 (en) * | 2006-11-20 | 2009-11-24 | Ferroxy-Aled, Llc | Seasoned ferrous cookware |
CN102732820B (zh) * | 2011-04-10 | 2015-01-21 | 上海上大热处理有限公司 | 汽车刹车盘的气体氮碳共渗方法 |
WO2013000491A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2013-01-03 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Flexible ring for a drive belt for a continuously variable transmission and method for producing such |
US9389155B1 (en) * | 2013-03-12 | 2016-07-12 | United Technologies Corporation | Fatigue test specimen |
DE102013226091A1 (de) | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Zylindertrommel einer hydrostatischen Axialkolbenmaschine mit einer Verschleißschutzschicht |
DE102013226090A1 (de) | 2013-12-16 | 2015-06-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren zum Gasnitrocarburieren |
WO2019205114A1 (zh) * | 2018-04-28 | 2019-10-31 | 邢台三厦铸铁有限公司 | 对铸铁炊具进行表面处理的方法及铸铁炊具 |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4033706A1 (de) * | 1990-10-24 | 1991-02-21 | Hans Prof Dr Ing Berns | Einsatzhaerten mit stickstoff zur verbesserung des korrosionswiderstandes martensitischer nichtrostender staehle |
DE3937699A1 (de) * | 1989-11-13 | 1991-05-16 | Thaelmann Schwermaschbau Veb | Verfahren zum herstellen von (epsilon)-karbonitridschichten definierter zusammensetzung |
DE4127063A1 (de) * | 1990-08-23 | 1992-02-27 | Joachim Dr Rer Nat Kunze | Verschleissfeste (epsilon)-eisenkarbonitridschicht auf kohlenstoffhaltigen staehlen und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
DE19509614A1 (de) * | 1995-03-21 | 1996-09-26 | Hans Ruediger Dr Ing Hoffmann | Regelung von Nitrier- und Nitrocarburieratmosphären |
DE19719225C1 (de) * | 1997-05-07 | 1998-08-06 | Volker Dipl Ing Leverkus | Verfahren zur Regelung einer Nitrier- bzw. Nitrocarburier-Atmosphäre sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4496401A (en) * | 1981-10-15 | 1985-01-29 | Lucas Industries | Corrosion resistant steel components and method of manufacture thereof |
FR2524006B1 (fr) * | 1982-03-23 | 1985-10-11 | Air Liquide | Procede de durcissement superficiel de pieces metalliques |
US4547228A (en) * | 1983-05-26 | 1985-10-15 | Procedyne Corp. | Surface treatment of metals |
DE3718240C1 (de) * | 1987-05-30 | 1988-01-14 | Ewald Schwing | Verfahren zur Waermebehandlung von metallischen Werkstuecken in einer gasdurchstroemten Wirbelschicht |
RU2048601C1 (ru) * | 1993-12-20 | 1995-11-20 | Рыжов Николай Михайлович | Способ диагностики процесса химико-термической обработки сталей и сплавов в тлеющем разряде и устройство для его осуществления |
-
2000
- 2000-02-04 EP EP20000102360 patent/EP1122330B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-02-04 AT AT00102360T patent/ATE280847T1/de active
- 2000-02-04 DE DE50008409T patent/DE50008409D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-04-28 US US09/562,698 patent/US6406560B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3937699A1 (de) * | 1989-11-13 | 1991-05-16 | Thaelmann Schwermaschbau Veb | Verfahren zum herstellen von (epsilon)-karbonitridschichten definierter zusammensetzung |
DE4127063A1 (de) * | 1990-08-23 | 1992-02-27 | Joachim Dr Rer Nat Kunze | Verschleissfeste (epsilon)-eisenkarbonitridschicht auf kohlenstoffhaltigen staehlen und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung |
DE4033706A1 (de) * | 1990-10-24 | 1991-02-21 | Hans Prof Dr Ing Berns | Einsatzhaerten mit stickstoff zur verbesserung des korrosionswiderstandes martensitischer nichtrostender staehle |
DE19509614A1 (de) * | 1995-03-21 | 1996-09-26 | Hans Ruediger Dr Ing Hoffmann | Regelung von Nitrier- und Nitrocarburieratmosphären |
DE19719225C1 (de) * | 1997-05-07 | 1998-08-06 | Volker Dipl Ing Leverkus | Verfahren zur Regelung einer Nitrier- bzw. Nitrocarburier-Atmosphäre sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP2302081A1 (de) * | 2009-08-26 | 2011-03-30 | Ipsen International GmbH | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von Prozessgasen für Wärmebehandlungen von metallischen Werkstoffen/Werkstücken in Industrieöfen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE280847T1 (de) | 2004-11-15 |
EP1122330B1 (de) | 2004-10-27 |
DE50008409D1 (de) | 2004-12-02 |
US6406560B1 (en) | 2002-06-18 |
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