EP1115893B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von formkörpern - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von formkörpern Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1115893B1 EP1115893B1 EP99969126A EP99969126A EP1115893B1 EP 1115893 B1 EP1115893 B1 EP 1115893B1 EP 99969126 A EP99969126 A EP 99969126A EP 99969126 A EP99969126 A EP 99969126A EP 1115893 B1 EP1115893 B1 EP 1115893B1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- lattice
- fabric
- textile
- fibres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
- C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
- D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new molding process, i.e. from flexible Textile substrates become three-dimensional moldings with functional functionality Stiffness produced by coating shaped fabrics.
- the flexible textile substrates are stiffened by wire flame spraying and / or arc spraying and / or high speed spraying (HVOF) and / or by plasma spraying. Due to different order thicknesses or quantities, the functional stiffness of the molded part can be achieved. It is essential that the molded body produced using the usual joining techniques, such as Welding, screwing, etc. can be reconnected with other moldings.
- the present invention further relates to an asbestos-free or other inorganic fibrous substances, with fiber lengths of> 5 ⁇ m, a diameter of ⁇ 3 ⁇ m, a length / diameter ratio of 3: 1, free area Composite, i.e. a molded body made of at least a first layer a textile lattice fabric, mesh, knitted fabric, knitted or fleece made of aramid fibers and / or E-glass fibers and / or silicon dioxide-rich glass fibers and / or carbon fibers and at least one second layer of metal applied to this first layer and / or ceramic.
- a molded body made of at least a first layer a textile lattice fabric, mesh, knitted fabric, knitted or fleece made of aramid fibers and / or E-glass fibers and / or silicon dioxide-rich glass fibers and / or carbon fibers and at least one second layer of metal applied to this first layer and / or ceramic.
- the molded body is characterized by a functional Rigidity and comes mainly as a soft material compensator, as a smoke apron, as Fire impact molded part (fire impact stone), as a molded body for thermal shielding in the Motor vehicle industry, as a bumper or as a load-bearing component in lightweight construction Commitment.
- Asbestos and all inorganic fibers artificial mineral fibers
- asbestos in particular Harmful effects have been known for a long time.
- With ceramic fibers one knows in addition, that these are respirable and therefore according to the new EU legislation (cf. 3. VO to change the GefStVO and TRGS 905) as a K2 hazardous substance (carcinogen Potential). Therefore, new materials or those that can be produced from them Composite moldings or parts, if possible, without using the aforementioned fibers to provide. Areas of application for such materials (without the health-endangering fibers) are e.g. the production of smoke expansion joints, Fire impact stones, moldings for the automotive industry.
- Glass fiber fabrics and / or glass nonwovens come in as a possible replacement material Consideration.
- Such uncoated glass fiber fabrics have due to the open-pore Structure, however, no flame deflection properties, but rather flame absorption properties.
- such fabrics are not dimensionally stable, which leads to erosion and removal at high hot air speeds.
- Products of this type typically consist of, for example, vacuum-formed products Ceramic fiber composites. Such products are currently made with ceramic fibers manufactured that are respirable and therefore as a K2 hazardous substance (carcinogen Potential) must be classified.
- K2 hazardous substance Carcinogen Potential
- Flexible, textile products are used for the production of smoke expansion joints needed the corresponding angular, torsional and axial movements of Can compensate flue gas pipes.
- DE 38 20 922..C2 describes such a fabric-reinforced elastomer compensator known.
- This compensator contains fluororubber as an elastomer component and as Reinforcement of a textile mesh made of aramid fiber and / or E-glass fiber in Combination with the fluororubber elastomer component.
- Rigid sheet metal parts are currently used for the above-mentioned purposes, which are deep-drawn for insulation purposes as a sandwich sheet with an insulation insert.
- Cable insulation is often used in polymer-coated glass or laminated Glass fabric.
- Rigid sheet metal parts offer the advantage that due to the dimensional accuracy more rigid Molded parts, movable components or other assemblies are safely guided past can.
- such shields are due to the corresponding forming processes complex to manufacture and comparatively difficult. They also offer due to the vibration behavior the risk of touching neighboring components and thus the problem of noise.
- rigid components not a suitable material. in addition comes that a later revision case or an assembly of neighboring components by a rigid component can be restricted or prevented.
- protective clothing made of fabrics by producing a layer of a ceramic by means of plasma spraying Material is applied to a carrier material.
- EP 0 331 270 A2 describes a CVD coating process for metals, wherein only the individual fibers are coated. A flat metallic Coating on textiles in the sense of film formation and thus stiffening the Textile materials are therefore not possible.
- EP 0 331 270 A2 describes thermal Spraying or plasma coating not mentioned.
- JP 05347493 A describes the production of a shielding material. Here it is a storage of powder, which is then carried out with the substrate under heat is pressed. Thermal spraying is not mentioned in JP 05347493 A.
- JP 07300768 discloses coating a polybenzazole fiber fabric.
- the Polybenzazole fibers are of organic origin and show a much lower one Temperature stability as E-glass fibers.
- the polybenzazole fibers are indeed flame retardant, but not incombustible.
- JP 08049026 describes network-like bodies or their coating by means thermal spraying. However, the use is characteristic of JP 08049026 of thermally unstable materials after the coating process be burned out. As a result, the actual skeleton remains Coating.
- JP 05202462 describes wallpapers made of coconut fibers, which are used for the purpose of decoration EMC shielding and acoustic shielding are suitable. With such Substrates are certainly not thermal shielding in the sense of high temperature shielding and certainly no fire protection against open flames makeable.
- WO 97/34026 describes the coating of various materials such as synthetic Materials, etc. with low-melting metals by means of arc spraying. A intimate connection of the metallic or sprayed in the molten state ceramic particles with the fiber fabrics is not given, as in FIG. 2 of the WO 97/34026 emerges.
- JP 60208467 describes the coating of fiber materials with metals Production of a flexible material with excellent electrical conductivity.
- the Process flow according to JP 60208467 is such that raw fabric with organic Components are pre-coated and then a metal coating is carried out.
- the articles are not per se for use in the high temperature range or in applications with Suitable exposure to open flames
- US 5,198,290 describes the production of metal-coated textile products that e.g. can be used to shield electric motors. According to the US 5,198,290, the rigidity of the articles produced is obtained exclusively by the Combine with other materials or by sticking. The in any case made combination with organic components makes the use as High temperature shielding and fire protection impossible.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of a new method for Manufacture of molded articles with functional stiffness from flexible textiles To provide substrates.
- the flexible textile substrates are made from fibers classified as harmless to health.
- These new ones Shaped bodies are to be used in various areas of application, such as the automotive industry, i.e. in the Vehicle construction or in robotics, can be used and there up to now replace common molded parts.
- This object is achieved by a method for producing Shaped bodies with functional stiffness made of flexible textile substrates, whereby the shaped bodies can be connected to other shaped bodies in a non-positive, material and positive manner, whereby by means of wire flame spraying and / or arc spraying and / or High-speed spraying (HVOF) and / or molten plasma spraying, metallic and possibly ceramic particles on at least one textile mesh web, a braid, knitted fabric, or a fleece made of aramid fibers and / or E-glass fibers and / or silicon dioxide-rich glass fibers and / or carbon fibers of this textile substrate soaked so that an intimate connection of those sprayed in the molten state, metallic and possibly ceramic particles partly with the fabric fibers and partly an intimate connection is created between them and a by binding the fibers Dimensional rigidity is achieved, with the flexible, textile substrates made of fibrous materials or fibers consisting of asbestos or inorganic fibrous substances Fiber lengths with a length> 5 ⁇ m, a diameter ⁇ 3
- the Shaped bodies can be connected to other shaped bodies in a non-positive, material and positive manner, characterized in that a textile lattice fabric web, a -woven, knitted or knitted or a fleece made of aramid fibers and / or E-glass fibers and / or silica-rich glass fibers and / or carbon fibers, wherein the textile substrate of asbestos or inorganic fibrous substances or fibers with a Length> 5 ⁇ m, a diameter ⁇ 3 ⁇ m and a length-to-diameter ratio is free of> 3: 1, cuts or cuts out a blank from the web and this cut or punched out by means of wire flame spraying and / or Arc spraying and / or high speed spraying (HVOF) and / or plasma spraying molten metallic and possibly ceramic particles on at least one Surface of the flat blank is sprayed on, so that the melted state sprayed
- HVOF high speed spraying
- the inventors have found that flexible textile substrates in Shaped body with functional rigidity by coating in shape transferred tissues can transfer. This is due to the fact that the im molten state of sprayed, metallic and possibly ceramic particles partly form an intimate connection with the fabric fibers and partly with each other. This creates a layer or a shaped body that is relatively flexible and therefore flexible can be deformed within wide limits without the risk of cracking.
- the manufactured one Shaped body according to the invention can be non-positively, materially and positively with others Shaped bodies by common joining techniques, such as Welding, screwing, etc. get connected. This is achieved by partially thicker runs around the joints
- This composite material according to the invention or the molded body consists of at least a first layer of a textile lattice fabric, mesh, knitted fabric, knitted or Fleece made of aramid fibers and / or E-glass fibers and / or silicon dioxide-rich Glass fibers and / or carbon fibers and at least one on this first layer Plasma spraying, applied by flame spraying and / or plasma coating second layer of metal and / or ceramic.
- the flat composite material according to the invention or the molded body can either a soft material compensator, a fire impact molded part, a molded body for the automotive industry or be a load-bearing component in lightweight construction.
- moldings in the automotive industry are e.g. Heat shielding parts in the area of the engine block Motor vehicle or bumper. Cable harness insulation and Lever arms in robot technology are considered as areas of application.
- a stabilizing Components in vehicle construction can also be used according to the invention
- Composite structures are used. By partially thickening the coating can have welded joints or other types of Connections like screw connections are made. Furthermore, a partial thickening of the coating of the moldings with regard to rigidity be adjusted.
- the first layer of the textile substrate can consist of one or more layers.
- Aramid fibers and / or E-glass fibers and / or silicon dioxide-rich glass fibers and / or carbon fibers come into consideration as material here.
- the silicon dioxide-rich glass fibers have an SiO 2 content of over 95%. Textiles made from silicon dioxide-rich glass fibers are therefore very temperature-stable, ie up to 1100 ° C.
- Nonwovens ie so-called needle mats, can currently be produced up to thicknesses of 75 mm with densities of ⁇ 200 kg / cm 3 .
- the textile fabrics used as "substrate” according to the invention have no flame deflection properties, but rather the opposite, flame absorption properties. Therefore, a coating of metal and / or ceramic is applied here according to the invention by means of wire flame spraying, arc spraying, plasma spraying.
- the metallic or ceramic particles consist in particular of Al, Al alloys, Cu alloys, Cr-Ni alloys, titanium, V4-A steel , Al 2 O 3 , Cr 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , TBC-ZrO 2 , ZrO 2 -CaO, or mixed oxides of the aforementioned non-metals.
- the coating in particular made of aluminum or high-tempered steel, such as V4-A steel or chrome-nickel alloys, has a stabilizing effect on the final shape. However, this depends on the thickness of the metal coating. This can be in the range from 0.1 to 5 mm, in particular 0.1 to 1.4 mm.
- the Coating achieved a flame reversal and a shape stabilization achieved.
- This path has already been created using the thermal Spraying, i.e. in particular with wire flame spraying and / or arc spraying and / or plasma spraying with a layer of metal such as e.g. Aluminum.
- a layer of metal such as e.g. Aluminum.
- Out this coated web is then made into a blank.
- This flat The blank can then be coated with metal on the back. It is advantageous if the cut edges are also coated with metal.
- a shaped body such as, for example: a soft material compensator, manufacture a fire impact molded part or a molded part for the automotive industry.
- the combination of high-temperature resistant has thus been achieved for the first time
- a practical product e.g. a high-temperature compensator, is made from it can be, and / or that a molding is produced directly by the coating.
- the flat composite material according to the invention or the shaped body can, as already was executed above, a soft material compensator, a fire impact molding or a Molding for thermal shielding in the automotive industry.
- a suitable drapable fabric was drawn into a three-dimensional structure and fixed by vacuum deep drawing.
- the fabric structure is first fixed by uniformly applying a thin coating layer of approximately 75 g / m 2 aluminum.
- the coating process also makes it possible to locally increase the quantity of the coating. In principle, the procedure enables this support thickness to be built up to several centimeters. This is used in order to achieve stiffening up to absolute dimensional stability and hardness in places that are statically important for the molded body. This also applies to positions in the molded body where a movable component must be guided safely and functionally.
- a coating quantity can be selected at other points on the molded body that meets the requirements of absolute fiber integration and thermal shielding and tightness so that the textile and flexible character of this section is nevertheless retained.
- the transition zones between soft, textile, flexible zones and shaping and shape-stabilizing, hard zones of the molded body correspond to a continuous mass transfer in the sense of a gradient material.
- Gradient materials can not only be produced in the form that a Gradient with regard to the number of copies, but also when using the Coating materials is realized.
- a Pre-coat with another, more ductile metal e.g. Zinc on the one hand, liability the coating on the textile backing, on the other hand the brittleness of the coating be influenced by e.g. to be able to design tight radii within a molded part ..
- Pre-coatings of around 50 g / m 2 are usually used here. Of course, these precoatings can also be applied locally, so that they can then be sealed with an appropriate cover layer, such as aluminum, as required.
- cover layer such as aluminum
- the term gradient material refers not only to different coating quantities but also to different coating materials that can be applied continuously and functionally.
- thermal shielding does not always have to have the character of a preformed component. Often, a shape is achieved simply by choosing the attachment points.
- Such solutions have traditionally already been implemented with the textiles described above with a polymer coating.
- the lack of temperature persistence of the coating and the flammability, such products also have disadvantages in terms of fastening technology and heat radiation (IR emission).
- IR emission heat radiation
- the screw bushings must be secured with eyelets, because when the temperature is applied, the pull-out strength achieved by the coating is completely lost in the fastening points due to the destruction of the coating. They therefore offer absolute security against tearing out.
- the shaped body according to the invention can be produced by a coating layer of approximately 300 g / m 2 as a cold-deformable material, which in turn offers easier assembly and stability due to the deformability.
- a plain-weave glass fabric isoGLAS® fabric type 1115 was continuously in a width of 33 cm on both sides with elemental aluminum using the method of wire flame spraying coated.
- a spray gun was placed on a controllable traversing device assembled. At the same time, the tissue was moved further in the longitudinal direction.
- the distance from the spray head to the fabric is 200 mm.
- the diameter received the spray cone is 20 mm with very little overspray.
- the coating speed is approximately 30-40 m 2 / h per side.
- the amount of coating selected here was 150 g / m 2 per side. In total, approx. 300 g / m 2 for the finished article with a total weight of the finished article of approx. 1400 g / m 2 .
- any amount of aluminum can be applied through several coating passes. Concrete tests on different fabrics and nonwovens show coating runs on one side from 500g / m 2 up to approx. 1000 g / m 2 , which corresponds to a layer thickness of approx. 1.4 mm. With articles of this type, the flexibility decreases; Here, however, a corresponding dimensional stability can be achieved.
- the temperature-independent low leakage is achieved on the one hand (synonymous with a constant tightness over the application temperature range). On the other hand, you get the necessary flexibility and mobility of the article despite the coating.
- the coating also increases the dimensional stability of the fabric; achieved with it but also a significantly improved assembly. This means in particular an improved cutting possibility without fraying warp or Weft yarns; at the same time you get a seal of the cut edges by pressing or squeezing the cutting zone with the coating applied aluminum.
- a tube made of silicon dioxide-rich glass fibers was pulled onto a rotating metal shaft and attached to it.
- the process of thermal spraying first applied a uniform, thin layer (approx. 75 g / m 2 aluminum to stabilize the hose ) to the hose. Subsequently, a much thicker support was implemented on the respective end pieces. In the specific case, this was approx. 1.5 cm wall thickness The transition from the thinly coated surface to the end areas was continuous.
- the Coating pad in the inner part is selected so that a in the inner part sufficient smoke gas tightness is achieved.
- the textile carrier hose is used for Isolation of the temperatures transmitted by the hot flue gases and in connection with the coating pad for flue gas sealing. In addition, the textile ensures Hose in the intimate composite of metal and textile for the resulting Rigidity and stability of the entire part.
- a tube made of p-aramid fibers was pulled over a rotating shaft and coated in the same way as described in Example 2.
- the layer thickness initially applied uniformly over the entire width of the hose is more than 400 g / m 2 .
- the end regions are then massively reinforced locally, so that a machining treatment can also be carried out here in a further processing step.
- the end product must also here because of the continuous transition from the inner part of the Tube to the outside area are called gradient materials.
- the fiber composite structure of metal and aramid fibers becomes a stable one here load-bearing lightweight component, whose connection to other components in turn Welding, flange technology or screws can be solved optimally.
- the usage can e.g. as a lever arm in robot technology; as a stabilizing component in Vehicle construction can be used.
- isoTHERM®S material which is temperature stable up to 1100 ° C, was used as the textile fabric. These are silicon dioxide-rich glass fibers with an SiO 2 content of over 95%. Nonwovens made from isoTHERM®S, ie so-called needle mats, can be produced up to a thickness of 75 mm as very compact sheets.
- nonwovens of this type have no flame deflection properties due to the open-pore structure, on the contrary, flame absorption properties can only have a suitable closed, temperature-stable coating a solution can be achieved.
- the coating must also have a stabilizing effect on the final shape; this coating must also reduce the erosion of fibers and their removal at the here prevent occurring high hot air speeds.
- a above-described standard fleece with a thickness of 45 mm and a density of> 200 kg / m 3 was mechanically pressed and punched into the specified shape.
- the application quantity in the concrete area is approx. 300-500 g / m 2 .
- the distance between the spray nozzle and the fleece is 110 mm.
- the coating is also achieved very evenly by the traversing movement of the spray gun and the horizontal movement of the spray gun.
- the insulation ability of the product is due to the well-known thermal engineering Properties of the nonwoven also guaranteed.
- Smoke aprons made of Mtex ⁇ (trade name from Frenzelit, Germany for technical textiles coated with metals) were made from a V4A wire-reinforced glass fabric.
- this fabric was initially evenly coated on both sides with a coating layer of approx. 150-200 g / m 2 aluminum.
- About the fabric width vzw. 1 m was then coated with an approximately 20 mm wide strip to a final thickness of 2 mm, thus stiffening and stabilizing. This was done in a continuous process, depending on the desired length of the curtain, for example 2m again and again in this way.
- the fabric edges were also reinforced to a width of approx. 20 mm up to a coating layer of approx. 400 g / m 2 .
- the result is endless strips that have a 20 mm wide and 2 mm thick strip every 2 1m, before which you can then cut; in addition, these webs have edge reinforcement.
- a molded body with a functional rigidity is produced.
- the 2 mm thick thickening across the fabric width is used to securely fasten the curtains to the upper shaft; the edge reinforcement enables the combination and the joining together of several identical, cut lengths.
- the fastening techniques available here fall under the structure of non-positive, positive or material. Similar to the products described above, the term gradient material also applies here, due to the smooth transition towards the edge and transverse stiffeners and the basic preservability of the rollability of the textile web, with the advantage that the known, proven rolling devices can be retained.
- Such smoke aprons serve vzw. in industrial plants and large halls Sectioning of large rooms for better removal of those that occur in the event of a fire Smoke and smoke development.
- Fire protection devices that are common today are either stable Sheet metal channels in front of or as roller shutters that are only triggered in the event of fire and down is driven.
- roller shutter solutions exist today vzw. from glass fabrics For reasons of manageability and assembly, additionally polymer-coated are. This is accompanied by known problems such as flame retardancy or even flammability, smoke development of the coating in the event of fire; and problems fastening technology and the stability of the fastening under fire conditions on.
- the Fastening types can be designed to be temperature stable and non-flammable; the Due to the consistently inorganic structure, the product is A1, non-flammable classified.
- a filtration insert was used for high-temperature filtration or hot gas filtration.
- V4A wire-reinforced glass fabrics were used as the carrier fabric Commitment.
- these are first coated with aluminum evenly over the entire filter surface.
- 200 g / m 2 of aluminum can be regarded as a typical support quantity in the area of the filter surface for the carrier fabrics used here.
- This molded body can also be referred to as a gradient material.
- the gradients can, as already outlined in the previous examples, both by different metals are produced, as well as through the continuous transition from rigid, rigid structures to softer, in this case permeable areas. Gradient materials are thus also gradually created from the point of view different porosity between the rigid edge areas and the filtration surface.
- a suitable drapable fabric was vacuum-drawn into a three-dimensional structure drawn and fixed.
- the fabric structure is first fixed by uniformly applying a thin coating layer of approx. 75 g / m 2 aluminum.
- the coating process also makes it possible to locally increase the quantity of the coating.
- the procedure enables this support thickness to be built up to several centimeters. This is used in order to achieve stiffening up to absolute dimensional stability and hardness in places that are statically important for the molded body. This also applies to positions in the molded body where a movable component must be guided safely and functionally.
- a coating quantity can be selected at other points on the molded body that meets the requirements of absolute fiber integration and thermal shielding and tightness so that the textile and flexible character of this section is nevertheless retained.
- the transition zones between soft, textile, flexible zones and shaping and shape-stabilizing, hard zones of the molded body correspond to a continuous mass transfer in the sense of a gradient material. 3 and 4 show the heat shielding part produced according to the invention.
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
Description
Mithilfe des Verfahrens des thermischen Spritzens von z.B. Aluminium wird zunächst durch das gleichmäßige Aufbringen einer dünnen Beschichtungslage von ca. 75 g/m2 Aluminium eine Fixierung der Gewebestruktur erreicht. Durch das Beschichtungsverfahren wird gleichzeitig ermöglicht, daß örtlich eine Erhöhung der Auflagemenge realisiert werden kann. Die Verfahrensführung ermöglicht prinzipiell diese Auflagedicke bis hin zu mehreren Zentimetern aufzubauen. Dies wird ausgenützt um an, für den Formkörper statisch wichtigen Stellen eine Versteifung bis hin zur absoluten Formstabilität und Härte zu erreichen. Dies gilt auch für Positionen im Formkörper an denen eine bewegbare Komponente sicher und funktionsfähig vorbeigeführt werden muß. Gleichzeitig kann an anderen Stellen des Formkörpers eine Beschichtungsmenge gewählt werden die die Forderungen der absoluten Fasereinbindung und der thermischen Abschirmung und Dichtigkeit so erfüllt, daß aber trotzdem der textile und flexible Charakter dieses Abschnitts erhalten bleibt. Die Übergangszonen zwischen weichen, textilen, flexiblen Zonen und formgebenden und formstabilisierenden, harten Zonen des Formkörpers entspricht dabei einem kontinuierlichen Stoffübergang im Sinne eines Gradientenwerkstoffes.
- Fig. 1a
- eine schematische Draufsicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Formkörpers, nämlich einer Rauchschürze;
- Fig. 1b
- einen Querschnitt einer erfindungsgemäßen Rauchschürze;
- Fig. 1c
- einen Längsschnitt einer erfindungsgemäßen Rauchschürze;
- Fig. 2a
- eine schematische Draufsicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Filtereinsatzes;
- Fig. 2b
- einen Querschnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Filtereinsatzes;
- Fig. 3
- eine schematische Draufsicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Wärmeabschirmteils;
- Fig. 4a
- einen Schnitt des Wärmeabschirmteils gemäß der Linie A-A gemäß Fig. 3;
- Fig. 4b
- einen Schnitt des Wärmeabschirmteils gemäß der Linie B-B gemäß Fig. 3;
- Fig. 4c
- einen Schnitt des Wärmeabschirmteils gemäß der Linie C-C gemäß Fig. 3;
- Fig. 4d
- einen Schnitt des Wärmeabschirmteils gemäß der Linie D-D gemäß Fig. 3;
- Fig. 5
- einen erfindungsgemäßen Rauchgas-Kompensator; und
- Fig. 6
- ein tragendes Bauteil im Leichtbauteil (Hebelarm in der Robotertechnik).
Hierzu wurde dieses Gewebe zunächst flächig gleichmäßig, beidseitig mit einer Beschichtungsauflage von ca. 150-200g/m2 Aluminium beschichtet. Über die Gewebebreite vzw. 1 m wurde im Anschluß daran ein ca. 20mm breiter Streifen bis auf eine Enddicke von 2 mm beschichtet, damit versteift und stabilisiert. Dies wurde in einem kontiniuerlichen Verfahren, abhängig von der gewünschten Länge des Vorhanges, z.B. 2m immer wieder in dieser Art durchgeführt. Ebenso wurden die Geweberänder auf ca. 20 mm Breite bis auf eine Beschichtungsauflage von ca. 400 g/m2 verstärkt.
Das Resultat sind also endlose Bahnen die alle 2 1fm ein 20 mm breites und 2mm starkes Band aufweisen, vor dem dann geschnitten werden kann; zusätzlich weisen diese Bahnen eine Randverstärkung auf.
Ähnlich wie bei vorbeschriebenen Produkten gilt auch hier der Begriff des Gradientenwerkstoffs, durch den gleichmäßigen Übergang hin zu den Rand- und Querversteifungen und den grundsätzlichen Erhalt der Rollbarkeit der textilen Bahn mit dem Vorteil, daß die bekannten, bewährten Rollvorrichtungen beibehalten werden können.
- 1
- Textiler Grundwertstoff
- 2
- Primer-Schicht oder Grundbeschichtung; Metallschicht 1
- 3
- Deckschicht aus Metall; Metallschicht 2
- 4
- kontinuierlich auslaufende Schicht 3 - Gradientenzone
- 5
- örtliche Versteifung durch höhere Metallauflagen - Gradientenzone
Claims (19)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern mit funktionsgerechter Steifigkeit aus flexiblen textilen Substraten, wobei die Formkörper kraft-, stoff- und formschlüssig mit anderen Formkörpern verbindbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man mittels Drahtflammspritzen und/oder Lichtbogenspritzen und/oder Hochgeschwindigkeitsspritzen (HVOF) und/oder Plasmasprühen geschmolzener, metallischer und ggfs. keramischer Partikel auf wenigstens eine textile Gittergewebebahn, ein -geflecht, -gewirk, -gestrick oder ein Vlies aus Aramidfasern und/oder E-Glasfasern und/oder Siliciumdioxid-reichen Glasfasern und/oder Carbonfasern dieses textile Substrat durchtränkt, so daß eine innige Verbindung der im geschmolzenen Zustand aufgespritzten, metallischen und ggfs. keramischen Partikel teilweise mit den Gewebefasern und teilweise unter sich eine innige Verbindung erzeugt wird und durch Einbinden der Fasern eine Formsteifigkeit erzielt wird, wobei die flexiblen, textilen Substrate aus faserigen Stoffen oder Fasern bestehen, die von Asbest oder anorganischen faserigen Stoffen mit Faserlängen mit einer Länge > 5 µm, einem Durchmesser < 3 µm und einem Länge-Zu-Durchmesser-Verhältnis von > 3:1 frei sind, und wobei die Formkörper Weichstoffkompensatoren, Feuerprallformteile, Formteile zur thermischen Abschirmung in der Kraftfahrzeugindustrie, Rauch- bzw. Brandschürzen, Filtereinsätze oder Stoßfänger sind.
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man mittels thermischem Spritzen eine gleichmäßige Schichtdicke von 0,1 bis maximal 10 mm, insbesondere von 0,1 bis maximal 5 mm, kontinuierlich aufbringt
- Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man örtlich unterschiedliche Schichtdicken zum Befestigen der Formteile erzeugt
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern mit funktionsgerechter Steifigkeit aus flexiblen textilen Substraten, wobei die Formkörper kraft-, stoff- und formschlüssig mit anderen Formkörpern verbindbar sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als textiles Substrat eine textile Gittergewebebahn, ein -geflecht, -gewirk-, -gestrick oder ein Vlies aus Aramidfasern und/oder E-Glasfasern und/oder Siliciumdioxid-reichen Glasfasern und/oder Carbonfasern auswähit, wobei das textile Substrat von Asbest oder anorganischen faserigen Stoffen oder Fasern mit einer Länge > 5 µm, einem Durchmesser < 3 µm und einem Länge-zu-Durchmesser-Verhältnis von > 3:1 frei ist, von der Bahn einen flächigen Zuschnitt abtrennt oder ausstanzt und diesen Zuschnitt oder diese Ausstanzung mittels Drahtflammspritzen und/oder Lichtbogenspritzen und/oder Hochgeschwindigkeitsspritzen (HVOF) und/oder Plasmasprühen geschmolzene metallische und ggfs. keramische Partikel auf wenigstens eine Oberfläche des flächigen Zuschnitts aufspritzt, so daß die im geschmolzenen Zustand aufgespritzten metallischen und ggfs. keramischen Partikel teilweise mit den Gewebefasern und teilweise unter sich eine innige Verbindung eingehen und Formsteifigkeit erzielt wird.
- Verfahren gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das ausgewählte textile Substrat durch gleichmäßiges Aufspritzen von 50 bis 100 g/m2, insbesondere von 75 g/m2, vorbeschichtet, so in Form bringt und ggfs. eine Endbeschichtung vornimmt.
- Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man eine partielle Aufdickung der Beschichtung erreicht, um Verbindungstechniken zu ermöglichen.
- Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man eine weitere zur ersten Schicht benachbarte Schicht aus textilem Gittergewebe, -geflecht, -gewirk, -gestrick oder Vlies aus natürlichen und/oder synthetischen Fasern zu der ersten Schicht anordnet, wobei man diese Schicht mit der ersten Schicht fest verbindet und diese Schicht ggfs. eine geringere Temperaturstabilität aufweist oder Schalldämmeigenschaften hat.
- Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der Rückseite der mindestens ersten Schicht mittels thermischem Spritzen eine weitere Schicht aus Metall und ggfs. Keramik aufbringt, so daß die erste Schicht als Zwischenschicht fungiert.
- Verfahren gemäß einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man Auftragsmengen von 100 bis 500 g/m2 auf das wenigstens eine flexible textile Substrat aufbringt.
- Formkörper mit funktionsgerechter Steifigkeit bestehend aus mindestens einer ersten Schicht aus einem textilen Gittergewebe, -geflecht, -gewirk, - gestrick oder Vlies aus Aramidfasern und/oder E-Glasfasern und/oder Siliziumdioxid-reichen Glasfasern und/oder Carbonfasern und mindestens einer auf dieser ersten Schicht mittels Plasmasprühen, mittels Flammsprühen und/oder Plasmabeschichtung aufgebrachten zweiten Schicht aus Metall und/oder Keramik, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie gemäß dem Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 1 bis 9 erhältlich sind und die Formkörper Weichstoffkompensatoren, Feuerprallformteile, Formteilezur thermischen Abschirmung in der Kraftfahrzeugindustrie, Rauchbzw. Brandschürzen, Filtereinsätze oder Stossfänger sind.
- Formkörper gemäß Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es eine weitere zur ersten Schicht benachbarte Schicht aus textilem Gittergewebe, -geflecht, gewirk, -gestrick oder Vlies aus natürlichen und/oder synthetischen Fasern enthält, wobei diese Schicht mit der ersten Schicht fest verbunden ist und gegebenenfalls eine geringere Temperaturstabilität aufweist oder Schalldämmeigenschaften hat.
- Formkörper gemäß einem der Ansprüche 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der Rückseite der mindestens ersten Schicht eine weitere Schicht aus Metall und ggf. Keramik aufgebracht ist, so daß die erste Schicht als Zwischenschicht fungiert.
- Formkörper gemäß einem oder mehreren der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die mindestens eine metallisierte Schicht und ggf. die Keramikschicht unterschiedliche Werkstoffe aufweist und gegebenenfalls eine unterschiedliche Porosität besitzt.
- Formkörper gemäß einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die metallischen oder keramischen Partikel aus Al, Al-Legierungen, Cu-Legierungen, Cr-Ni-Legierung, Titan, V4-A-Stahl, Al2O3, Cr2O3, TiO2, TBC-ZrO2, ZrO2-CaO, oder gemischten Oxiden der vorgenannten Nichtmetalle besteht.
- Formkörper gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 10 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wenigstens eine Metall- und/oder Keramikschicht im wesentlichen eine gleichmäßige Schichtdicke von 0,1 bis 5 mm, insbesondere von 0,1 bis 1,4 mm, aufweist.
- Formkörper gemäß irgendeinem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche 10 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die wenigstens eine Metall- und/oder Keramikschicht örtlich unterschiedliche Schichtdicken aufweist.
- Formkörper gemäß einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schichtdicke der wenigstens einen Schicht aus textilem Gittergewebe, -geflecht, -gewirk, -gestrick oder Vlies eine Dicke von 0,1 mm bis 80 mm aufweist.
- Formkörper gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das E-Glasfaser- oder Siliziumdioxid-reiche Glasfasergewebe aus texturierten oder nicht texturierten Glasfilamenten oder Glasstapelfasergarnen besteht und gegebenenfalls mit V4A-Stahldraht verstärkt sein kann.
- Formkörper gemäß Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er an den Schnittkanten eine Schicht aus Metall und/oder Keramik, insbesondere aus Aluminium, aufweist.
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19842025 | 1998-09-14 | ||
DE19842025 | 1998-09-14 | ||
DE19943411A DE19943411A1 (de) | 1998-09-14 | 1999-09-10 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Formkörpern |
DE19943411 | 1999-09-10 | ||
PCT/EP1999/006810 WO2000015860A1 (de) | 1998-09-14 | 1999-09-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung von formkörpern |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1115893A1 EP1115893A1 (de) | 2001-07-18 |
EP1115893B1 true EP1115893B1 (de) | 2002-06-12 |
EP1115893B2 EP1115893B2 (de) | 2006-12-20 |
Family
ID=26048847
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99969126A Expired - Lifetime EP1115893B2 (de) | 1998-09-14 | 1999-09-14 | Verfahren zur herstellung von formkörpern |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1115893B2 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE219161T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU5978299A (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ2001855A3 (de) |
DK (1) | DK1115893T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2178501T3 (de) |
PT (1) | PT1115893E (de) |
WO (1) | WO2000015860A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP2744649B1 (de) | 2011-08-15 | 2021-04-21 | DuPont Safety & Construction, Inc. | Atmungsaktives produkt für geschützten massentransport und kühlkettenanwendungen |
DE102018202445A1 (de) | 2018-02-19 | 2019-05-16 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Abschirmung für elektrische und/oder elektronische Komponenten |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4282284A (en) † | 1978-08-04 | 1981-08-04 | Textured Products, Inc. | Flame and heat resistant electrical insulating tape |
US4357387A (en) * | 1981-08-20 | 1982-11-02 | Subtex, Inc. | Flame resistant insulating fabric compositions prepared by plasma spraying |
US4375493A (en) † | 1981-08-20 | 1983-03-01 | Subtex, Inc. | Refractory coated and conductive layer coated flame resistant insulating fabric composition |
JPS60208467A (ja) * | 1984-04-03 | 1985-10-21 | Asahi Chem Ind Co Ltd | フレキシブル複合材料 |
SU1523593A1 (ru) * | 1987-12-25 | 1989-11-23 | Белорусский Политехнический Институт | Способ металлизации тканей |
US4902563A (en) * | 1988-03-04 | 1990-02-20 | The Dow Chemical Company | Carbonaceous fiber or fiber assembly with inorganic coating |
JPH03156998A (ja) * | 1989-11-14 | 1991-07-04 | Yoshio Niioka | 電波シールド材 |
JP3191020B2 (ja) * | 1991-08-01 | 2001-07-23 | 鈴木総業株式会社 | 複合資材 |
JPH05347493A (ja) * | 1992-06-15 | 1993-12-27 | Suzuki Sogyo Co Ltd | 電磁波シールド材並びにその成形方法 |
JPH07300768A (ja) * | 1994-04-26 | 1995-11-14 | Toyobo Co Ltd | 金属被覆繊維布帛 |
JPH0849026A (ja) * | 1994-08-03 | 1996-02-20 | Katayama Tokushu Kogyo Kk | 金属多孔体および該金属多孔体の製造方法 |
AU2105597A (en) * | 1996-03-13 | 1997-10-01 | Cerma Shield (Proprietary) Limited | The coating of materials |
DE19726976B4 (de) * | 1997-06-26 | 2004-01-29 | Vereinigte Schmirgel- Und Maschinen-Fabriken Ag | Biegsamer, leitfähiger, flächiger Körper und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
-
1999
- 1999-09-14 DK DK99969126T patent/DK1115893T3/da active
- 1999-09-14 AU AU59782/99A patent/AU5978299A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-09-14 WO PCT/EP1999/006810 patent/WO2000015860A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1999-09-14 AT AT99969126T patent/ATE219161T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-09-14 EP EP99969126A patent/EP1115893B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-14 CZ CZ2001855A patent/CZ2001855A3/cs unknown
- 1999-09-14 ES ES99969126T patent/ES2178501T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-09-14 PT PT99969126T patent/PT1115893E/pt unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU5978299A (en) | 2000-04-03 |
ATE219161T1 (de) | 2002-06-15 |
WO2000015860A1 (de) | 2000-03-23 |
PT1115893E (pt) | 2002-11-29 |
EP1115893A1 (de) | 2001-07-18 |
DK1115893T3 (da) | 2002-10-14 |
CZ2001855A3 (cs) | 2002-05-15 |
ES2178501T3 (es) | 2002-12-16 |
EP1115893B2 (de) | 2006-12-20 |
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