EP1102983A1 - Procede et dispositif pour separer des biomolecules - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour separer des biomolecules

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Publication number
EP1102983A1
EP1102983A1 EP99932728A EP99932728A EP1102983A1 EP 1102983 A1 EP1102983 A1 EP 1102983A1 EP 99932728 A EP99932728 A EP 99932728A EP 99932728 A EP99932728 A EP 99932728A EP 1102983 A1 EP1102983 A1 EP 1102983A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gel
electrophoresis
gels
dimension
buffer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP99932728A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Brigitte Wittmann-Liebold
Christian Wurzel
Christian Scheler
Andreas Reuter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WITA GmbH Technologiezentrum Teltow
Original Assignee
Wita Proteomics AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wita Proteomics AG filed Critical Wita Proteomics AG
Publication of EP1102983A1 publication Critical patent/EP1102983A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
    • G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
    • G01N27/416—Systems
    • G01N27/447—Systems using electrophoresis
    • G01N27/44756—Apparatus specially adapted therefor
    • G01N27/44773—Multi-stage electrophoresis, e.g. two-dimensional electrophoresis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods and devices for one- or two-dimensional separation of biomolecules in gels by electrophoresis in an electrophoresis apparatus and is used in particular to separate proteins, glycoproteins, lipoproteins, nucleic acids or cell complexes in gels (e.g. in polyacrylamide gels, Urea gels or agarose gels) in two dimensions.
  • Proteins and peptides are biopolymers that are found in thousands in every cell; they are the immediate gene products that catalyze, stimulate and regulate all cell processes. Their structure and functional analysis form the basis for the elucidation of all important cell processes and are the basis for understanding disease processes on the molecular level and in molecular medicine, e.g. in the development of tumors and for the development of early diagnostics and new therapeutic agents in the pharmaceutical industry. Because of the often very low concentrations in which the peptides and proteins occur in the cell, it is necessary to develop highly sensitive detection methods and separation techniques for their characterization. Proteins are made up of long chains of amino acids and have a spatial structure that is specific to each protein.
  • Each protein has an individual amino acid sequence, the primary sequence, which unfolds into a specific spatial structure (3D structure), which is the carrier of the physiological function in cell activity.
  • 3D structure 3D structure
  • proteins play a central role in all life processes. They catalyze the biosynthetic processes as enzymes, build up the organism as structural proteins, manage mass transport and signal transduction and play an essential role in the translation of genetic information (protein biosynthesis) and in all regulatory processes.
  • a single cell contains over 5000 different proteins. The biosynthesis and expression of each protein are precisely regulated. Different expression patterns occur in different tissues.
  • One- and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of proteins, nucleic acids, or other biomolecules have long been in biochemistry, pharmaceutical techniques introduced in the pharmaceutical industry, medical research and laboratory practice to perform rapid separations, comparisons of separation patterns or quality controls of isolates and products.
  • the electrophoresis chambers and their accessories have long become indispensable inventory in every scientific, pharmaceutical or laboratory-oriented laboratory.
  • electrophoresis systems and separation methods are available for the separation of biomolecules in a separation direction (one-dimensional electrophoresis, IDE), which are adapted to the special applications depending on the separation problem.
  • Separation of individual samples is usually carried out in capillary tubes or gel strips and separation of multiple samples is usually carried out in flat gels (slab gels), in which application pockets at the upper end of a thin polymerized gel layer are left out. These gel pockets are made by pouring sogn. Comb prepared during the polymerization. After polymerization of the gel and removal of the combs, the samples are placed in these pockets.
  • There are far fewer chamber systems available for separating complex protein and peptide mixtures in long gels (> 10 cm).
  • IDE separations of proteins and peptides are usually carried out in small chambers in 5-11 cm long polymerized polyacrylamide gels of different cross-linking and different thicknesses (eg 0.7 to 1.5 mm) and width (in so-called slab gels).
  • the samples are applied to the gel poured in liquid form between two glass plates after polymerization and separated in an electrophoresis apparatus for several hours at 500 to 2000 volts / 20 cm.
  • the gel is then removed and immersed in a coloring solution to stain the substances; then decolorized in a decolorizing solution to remove the excess dye and the substances become visible. They can be documented in their position on the gel by photography or by scanning in the computer, for example for comparisons with other samples.
  • Carrier-free electrophoresis are carried out, in which the substances to be separated are separated electrophoretically in a thin buffer film without any support.
  • biomolecules such as nucleic acids or high molecular complexes
  • agarose gels for example, are also used for separation.
  • the separation in the first dimension has also been made in fine glass capillaries
  • the capillaries are first mixed with gel in a gel casting stand, then polymerized there and only after they have entered the
  • Electrophoresis chamber have been filled with the sample substance.
  • the gels which are very soft and flexible, must be carefully ejected from the capillaries for introduction into the staining / decolorization solution, which can result in mechanical defects on the gels.
  • narrow flat gels (2 x 5-10 cm thin strip gels), which are commercially available as dried finished gels, are increasingly being used for the IDE (e.g. from Pharmacia Biotech, Freiburg).
  • the gels from the first dimension have to be separated by manual manipulation onto a suitably prepared flat gel (slab gel) that is already prepolymerizing is embedded and polymerized onto this flat gel. Only then can the separation in the second dimension be carried out in the corresponding electrophoresis chamber for the second dimension. After separation, the usual staining and decolorization technique and documentation of the results are carried out.
  • Various gels and buffer systems for performing gel electrophoretic protein separations in two dimensions are known In the version described first, mixtures of ribosomal proteins in urea gels are separated, for example, in which the pH conditions are varied in both dimensions.
  • Processes for the separation of highly complex protein mixtures eg from intact cells, cell lines or tissues, use separations in the first dimension due to the different charge of the proteins by isoelectrofocusing (IEF) and in the second dimension separations by molecule size in SDS sodium dodecyl sulfate.
  • Gels. Either immobilons or ampholins are used to carry out the isoelectrofocusing, which are introduced into the gel.
  • No. 4,666,581 describes a device for two-dimensional electrophoresis, in which, however, both gels are only brought into close proximity. Instead of manual handling, which is difficult and error-prone, a mechanism, a complicated rotating mechanism, is used to transfer the gel from the first dimension to the second dimension.
  • the buffer vessels are not integrated. The current must flow can be ensured in a complicated manner using filter strips.
  • US 4,874,490 also describes a system for two-dimensional electrophoresis, the patent not disclosing a fully integrated system and requiring a gel casting frame.
  • the buffer vessels for the cathodic and anodic buffer solutions are also not integral parts of the chamber. Furthermore, no cooling is integrated in this system.
  • the first dimension is separated horizontally and in the second dimension vertically.
  • the second dimension must first be cast in a conventional casting stand outside the electrophoresis chamber. After casting, sealing / insulating strips must be inserted over the second dimension gel by mechanical manipulation. Only then can the gel be poured for the first dimension. The spacer is then removed again.
  • the sample application in large quantities is unsolved. Only the impregnation of a membrane is described. The feed quantity and its concentration is limited.
  • DE 4244082 AI and US 5,407,546 describe a method and a device for high-resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. Selective rehydration is essential. A coherent gel ("one molecule") is expressly used. Only dried gels can be used as starting material and these must be rehydrated and re-equilibrated. This happens before and after the first dimension and the gel of the second dimension is rehydrated separately. A fully automatic process is not possible because the gel of the first dimension in a heated Aquilibratorgefäß must be transferred and buffered. This means there is no complete integration.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing methods and devices with which effective gel electrophoresis of the first and second dimensions can be carried out manually or fully automatically using simple means in a single apparatus with self-cast gels and / or dried finished gels. It is also an object of the invention to provide specific finished gels.
  • a particular advantage of the invention is that full automation of the entire 2DE can be carried out simply by arranging the gels for the separation in the first dimension and the gels for the separation in the second dimension one after the other or simultaneously vertically, as pouring gels or ready gels introduced into an electrophoresis combination chamber and, in the case of the cast gels, polymerized in isolation from one another, then buffer solutions are filled in, for example a protein extract is applied to the gels of the first dimension and the electrophoretic separation of the first dimension at constant temperature or with a fixed temperature gradient with, for example, increasing electrical voltage carried out, then sucked off the buffer solution, the insulation removed, in the resulting spaces between the first and second Dimension contact gel filled in and polymerized out, buffer solutions filled in and the electrophoretic separation of the second dimension is carried out at precisely set temperature and constant electrical power or increasing current strength and finally the gels are developed, for example, with a staining solution and the proteins are made visible on the gels using conventional methods.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that the two-dimensional separation in the electrophoresis combination chamber according to the invention is accomplished only with a single device which is set up for carrying out both electrophoresis dimensions and the electrophoresis combination chamber has a core with cooling elements , wherein the cooling elements are arranged on both sides of the core by gel chambers and buffer vessels formed from inner plates and outer plates in cooperation with removable or switchable insulating elements.
  • An additional advantage of the invention is that the gels are poured before the substances are applied in the new chamber system in the same room in which the separations themselves are carried out in the two dimensions of electrophoresis. It does not apply therefore two separate gel casting stands (one for the first and one for the second dimension).
  • the gels for the two electrophoresis dimensions are prepared in the electrophoresis combination chamber before the substance separation begins and are available at the start of the respective electrophoresis. All manipulations for pouring the gels are done in one operation before the start of the sample application.
  • Optimal cooling which is ensured both in the electrophoresis chamber (for both dimensions) and in the buffer chambers for both dimensions, is also advantageous.
  • the gels and the buffer solutions of the first dimension were mostly not cooled at all, and the previously implemented cooling systems for the second dimension had shortcomings (temperature differences within the gels; insufficient cooling of the buffers).
  • Variable programming of the electrophoresis process can be carried out.
  • the gels and buffer vessels may be cooled via the cooled buffer in the lower buffer vessel of the second dimension or by integrated cooling devices in the rear plate of the chamber. Buffer vessels are not used for the first dimension.
  • the gel is in direct contact with the electrodes on the right and left end of the gel.
  • the electrophoresis combination chamber can also be used for one-dimensional separating gels of variable length (eg 10 to 30 cm) for the separation of multiple samples.
  • the separations can be reproduced in the combination chamber be carried out under precisely defined standard conditions.
  • electrophoresis chambers for the separation of several samples, e.g. 20 samples to be used in a one-dimensional SDS gel, the samples being applied to the 2nd dimension gel using an application comb. A corresponding insert with sample bags is inserted where the gel for the 1st dimension is otherwise contained.
  • the electrophoresis combi chamber according to the invention preferably contains two times two gels, the number of which can be expanded as required.
  • the chamber preferably contains only the two gels for the first and the second dimension per unit.
  • any number of chambers can be developed electrophoretically in parallel.
  • the gel pairs for the separation in the first dimension are developed in parallel electrophoretically and are initially separated from the gels for the implementation of the second dimension by a non-conductive insulation, which is then removed, for example, mechanically from the outside without screwing the chamber through and through replacing a conductive medium that contacts the gels for performing the second dimension.
  • the gels for the first and second dimensions are developed in pairs in succession under different conditions without the gel having to be mechanically transferred from the first dimension to the second.
  • the electrophoresis combination chamber has an integrated cooling device and integrated filling and buffer vessels for both dimensions.
  • the lid attachment of the electrophoresis combination chamber contains the electrical safety connections for the connection to the Powersupply, the connections to the cooling unit and all necessary filler necks for pouring the gels, pouring in the electrolysis buffer and introducing the sample.
  • the inventive IDE / 2DE electrophoresis combination chamber is used, for example, to separate complex protein mixtures for the separation of proteins from tissues, cell lines or microorganisms which can contain more than 5000 proteins.
  • Both analytical and preparative electrophoresis can be carried out in the electrophoresis combi chamber, depending on the class of material, for example, isoelectric focusing and SDS electrophoresis or separations in agarose, urea or other separation media can be used.
  • the chamber can be thermostatted, contains all buffer vessels for carrying out the first and second dimensions and an attachment that allows electrophoresis to be carried out under high voltages, for example up to 5000 volts.
  • the electrophoresis combination chamber is used, for example, to identify disease-associated proteins, to develop marker proteins when making early diagnoses of diseases and to develop new types of pharmaceuticals.
  • Cell processes such as embryonic development, transport and signal transduction processes and regulatory and expression patterns can be studied using the electrophoresis combination chamber. It is suitable for the dissolution of> 5000 proteins and is therefore an excellent instrument for the investigation in protome research, a new research and development area in basic medical and pharmaceutical research and for industrial applications, eg for the examination of entire cell contents and their changes or to investigate the influence of pharmaceuticals on cell processes.
  • a particular advantage of a second embodiment of the invention is that full automation of the entire 2DE can be carried out simply by arranging the gels for the separation in the first dimension and the gels for the separation in the second dimension horizontally to one another, that is to say one above the other.
  • This horizontal arrangement is made possible by the fact that the insulating elements between the gels of the first dimension and the gels of the second dimension also run horizontally in a defined area, but can nevertheless be pulled out of the combination chamber via guide elements for guidance upwards.
  • Another advantage of the second embodiment of the invention is that with the same combination chamber also the one-dimensional separation can be carried out by using a comb with sample pockets for different samples in the instead of the gel for the separation in the first dimension and the insulating element SDS gel is used and this is polymerized, the comb is removed after the polymerisation, the samples in the The resulting recesses are introduced and the one-dimensional electrophoresis is subsequently carried out.
  • the use of the insulating element is dispensed with, and instead a comb with sample pockets is used when the SDS gel is polymerized, which is removed after the gel has been polymerized, so that multiple ports for applying different samples are now contained in the gel. These can all be separated in parallel in one-dimensional electrophoresis.
  • the construction of the combination chamber is therefore preserved and both one-dimensional and two-dimensional gels can be carried out in the same chamber system. It is also advantageous that long running distances, e.g. 32 cm long one-dimensional gels.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded view of the essential construction parts of the electrophoresis combination chamber
  • FIG. 2 shows the structure of the inner core
  • Fig. 5 shows the electrophoresis combination chamber, completely assembled on one side with a pressure frame.
  • Fig. 6 to 10 is a schematic diagram of the combination chamber in a design variant in the individual
  • the electrophoresis combination chamber 1 for separating complex protein mixtures for example, enables electrophoretic separation in succession in two different dimensions, ie under different conditions.
  • the electrophoresis combination chamber 1 consists of several parts which are assembled together by screwing: the inner core 2 for effective cooling, connected on both sides to the inner plates 4 and the outer plates 5, between which there is there is a free space on each side for a flat gel (1st and 2nd dimension). With the help of a seal 19, these plates 4, 5 are sealed against one another and at the same time the thickness of the gel is determined (e.g. 0.75 mm or 1.5 mm). While the inner plate 4 is made of a material which is a good conductor of temperature (e.g. a special highly conductive ceramic, thin plastic), the outer plate 5 is preferably made of a transparent material
  • the outer plates 5 are held by screwing on both sides of a printing frame 13; Parentheses are not used as usual.
  • the lower limit of the electrophoresis combination chamber 1 is given by an adjustable and rotatable table on which the electrophoresis combination chamber 1 is fixed in the middle.
  • the introductions for the buffer vessels 8 and 21 initially serve as fillers for pouring the gel liquids.
  • the inner one Core 2 and the printing frame 13 are made, for example, of polymer material (for example acrylic glass, plexiglass), and windows in the size of the gels are cut out in the printing frame 13, so that the pouring processes of the gels and the implementation of the electrophoresis can be easily observed from the outside.
  • polymer material for example acrylic glass, plexiglass
  • the inner core 2 (Fig. 2) and the two inner plates 4 are glued by the manufacturer (Fig. 3). Furthermore, buffer vessels 8 and 21, which are partly simultaneously filling chambers for the gels, are arranged.
  • the inner plates 4 close the cooling labyrinth 10 (cooling meander) tightly, but have openings to the buffer vessels 8 of the first dimension (buffer, 1st dimension) and buffer vessels 21 of the second dimension (buffer 2nd dimension), as in 2 and 3 are shown.
  • the cooling elements 3, 10 are located under the gels and not only cool the gels of the first (gel 1) and second dimension (gel 2), but also the buffer vessels (buffer 1st dim. And buffer 2nd dim.).
  • the filling chamber 17b with filling tube for the 2nd dimension gel and at the same time the buffer vessels 21 for the 2nd dimension (barrel 2nd dimension) are shown at the top left.
  • the left filling chamber 17b ends in the center at the bottom in order to enable the gel liquid to be poured in uniformly from the bottom upwards, a vent opening 18 with an obliquely designed upper boundary ensuring uniform, slow and air bubble-free pouring.
  • the electrophoresis combination chamber 1 is surface-coated. It is a surface coating of the parts in contact with the media gel, gel solutions and buffer solutions with amorphous carbon layers.
  • the coating is a hard material layer and thus high scratch resistance has and is thermally stable.
  • these surfaces can also be silanized.
  • a two-part seal 19 is placed on the complete core structure (Fig. 4).
  • insulating sleeves 9 e.g. 0.75-1.5 mm round sleeves or square material, e.g. silicone
  • Fig. 4 specified recesses
  • the outer glass plate 5 is placed.
  • the two gels are poured into the gel chambers 6 formed between the insulating tubes 9 for the first dimension, then the two gels in the gel chambers 7 for the second dimension. 7.
  • the lid 14 is put on and the polymerization is carried out overnight, for example.
  • the buffer solutions are then filled in and then the protein extract can be applied to the 1st dim. Gels after high-speed centrifugation.
  • the 1st dimension electrophoresis buffer is aspirated and the two insulating tubes 9, which separate the 1st gels from the 2nd gels, are pulled out from the outside, which is very easy to do, and the resulting free capillaries between the gels by filling in Filled stacking gel liquid so that after the polymerization of these liquids there is contact between the first and second gel. 11. Then electrophoresis is carried out in the second dimension.
  • the screw connections are loosened, the gels are removed together with the outer glass plates 5 and placed in a staining and decolorizing bath. Then the gels are ready for documentation.
  • the gels When pouring the gels of the first dimension, the gels are cast and polymerized as flat gels in the U-tube formed by filling tube 17a and gel chamber 6 out there.
  • a stop gel with high cross-linking is first poured, which should fill the lower area of the U-tube.
  • the gel solution which is still liquid after the addition of a polymerization initiator, is placed in the outer buffer reservoir of the first dimension, the gel only filling the lower region of the U-tube. It extends about 10 mm beyond the lower end of the two insulating elements designed as insulating tubes.
  • the separation gel for the first dimension is poured. In this gel, protein separation is carried out, for example, by isoelectrofocusing.
  • the still liquid separation gel solution is poured into the second (further inside) buffer reservoir of the first dimension via the filling chambers 8 until the area of the first dimension between the two insulating elements 9 is completely filled.
  • the gels are poured at constant temperature (eg at 20 ° C, for which the cooling is switched on) until the gel has polymerized.
  • the gel of the second dimension is poured between the two insulating elements 9 into the apparatus from below, in that the gel solution is poured in via the pouring reservoir of the second dimension. From there, the gel solution flows down through the filling tube 17b and emerges in the middle of the gel chamber 7. The air is automatically displaced upwards by the pouring process and can escape through the ventilation opening until the gel solution has completely filled the area of the second dimension.
  • the gel polymerizes at a constant temperature (e.g. by cooling to 20 ° C).
  • the implementation of the first dimension is described below.
  • the two buffer reservoirs (8) of the first dimension are filled once with an alkaline and an acidic buffer solution (eg 0.1N NaOH; 7% v / v H3P04).
  • an acidic buffer solution eg 0.1N NaOH; 7% v / v H3P04.
  • One buffer solution flows into the U-tube up to the stop gel, while the other overlays the separation gel.
  • the separation gel is then overlaid with a protective solution of higher density than the buffer (eg 6% (w / v) glycerol, 4 M urea, 1.5% (w / v) ampholyte in H20).
  • the samples can be applied to the separation gel of the 1st dimension via filler opening 20 by sub-layers under the protective solution.
  • the electrophoretic separation then takes place, for example, at constant temperature (for example cooling to 18 ° C.) with a voltage gradient of initially, for example, 100V to, for example, 3000V over several hours.
  • a voltage gradient of initially for example, 100V to, for example, 3000V over several hours.
  • the sample When performing a 2DE, the sample must always be applied to the gel of the first dimension; the separated bands after the first dimension are then further separated in the second dimension.
  • the three insulating elements 9 are removed by pulling them outwards.
  • the cavity between the gels of the first and second dimensions is filled with a contact gel (eg agarose) that polymerizes quickly.
  • the two buffer vessels 21 of the second dimension are filled with running buffer (eg SDS running buffer: 192 mM glycine, 25 mM Tris base, 5 ⁇ M bromophenol blue in H20).
  • running buffer eg SDS running buffer: 192 mM glycine, 25 mM Tris base, 5 ⁇ M bromophenol blue in H20.
  • the separation takes place at a temperature of, for example, 15 ° C., for example at constant power or with a current of, for example, 40 mA per gel in the first 20 minutes and then with 75 mA per gel.
  • the separation ended when the marker dye bromophenol blue was reached at the end of the gel.
  • the elec- The combined trophorese chamber is unscrewed and the gel is removed for
  • the electrophoresis gel is now treated according to the prior art and e.g. placed in a tub of fixative.
  • the proteins can be visualized in ng amounts by silver staining for analytical purposes or by means of e.g. Coomassie Brilliant Blue can be treated for micro-preparative purposes (e.g. subsequent enzymatic cleavage and sequencing).
  • the gel can be developed after blotting for immunostaining with appropriate antibodies.
  • the gels are designed as flat gels (no longer as round gels), but narrower than in the previous flat gel systems.
  • the width of the gel can be kept variable by choosing sealing strips of different widths, tubes, etc.), so that both analytical and micro-preparative gels can be made.
  • Ready-made gels of certain widths and thicknesses are used in the usual commercially available flat gel-electrophoresis combination chambers.
  • ampholines soluble hermaphrodite molecules
  • immobilons immobilized hermaphrodite ions
  • immobilons could also be used in the device according to the invention; however, the separation properties of these gels have so far been less good than those produced with ampholines.
  • Advantages of the electrophoresis combination chambers described are: - variable widths of the gels;
  • stop gel serving for the mechanical but not electrical separation of the gel of the first dimension into an associated buffer vessel
  • the separation takes place horizontally, not vertically, without tilting processes being necessary.
  • the position of the chamber does not change during gel pouring and electrophoresis. After assembly, the apparatus stands upright, ie saves space.
  • the first dimension has been carried out, it is new that the insulating tubes 9 or insulating strips 9 are removed after the first dimension without opening the chamber. Full automation is possible when using a stepper motor to remove the insulating elements 9.
  • Another new feature is the introduction of a conductive contact liquid (e.g. based on agarose) into the resulting cavity between the gel of the 1st and 2nd dimensions, so that the electrical transition to the 2nd dimension is guaranteed without the need for buffering.
  • a conductive contact liquid e.g. based on agarose
  • the buffering can take place by rinsing the resulting space with buffer solution after removing the insulating tubes 9.
  • vent opening 18 of the 2nd dim which is bevelled upwards, so that all air can escape. This is possible because the gel in the gel chamber 7 is vertical, but the proteins are separated horizontally (from right to left or from left to right, depending on the choice of electrode connections).
  • pre-gels i.e. dehydrated gels can be used in the electrophoresis combination chamber.
  • a strip-shaped gel (1st dimension) is applied to a carrier film.
  • a flat gel (2nd dimension) is applied at a certain distance.
  • the gels on the carrier film are placed on plate 4 over the cooling elements 3.
  • the glass plate 5 is placed on and the printing frame 13 is attached.
  • Rehydration solutions for both gels are filled into the buffer vessels 8 and 21.
  • the gels are rehydrated. They swell in the same chamber in which the subsequent electrophoresis is carried out. After rehydration, excess buffer is removed and the sample is applied.
  • the running buffer for the first dimension is then filled into the filling openings 8 and 20 and the electrophoresis is carried out in the first dimension.
  • re-equilibration buffer for re-equilibration to the buffer conditions of the second dimension is filled into openings 8 and 20, and after re-buffering, the re-equilibration buffer is removed and the insulating element 9 designed as a sealing tube is pulled out.
  • the resulting space is filled with a collecting egg solution that polymerises quickly.
  • the buffer solution for the second dimension is filled in and the second separation is started.
  • the present invention also uses combinations of both IEF gel types; eg ready-made ampholin gels, the ends of which were made with immobilines, so that the separation area on the acidic and basic separating side of the IEF gels can still be expanded considerably.
  • IEF gel types eg ready-made ampholin gels, the ends of which were made with immobilines, so that the separation area on the acidic and basic separating side of the IEF gels can still be expanded considerably.
  • hose that is U-shaped (possibly in a groove provided in one of the plates) or by two
  • Hoses that are closed at one end.
  • the seal is made by filling the hose with a fluid (liquid or gas). With sufficient internal pressure, the sealing against the inner and outer plates 4 and 5 takes place
  • pouring the stop gel can be the gel of the first dimension be poured.
  • the gel of the second dimension is limited analogously with a U-shaped tube or a tube which is closed at the end.
  • the hose is evacuated but not removed from the system. Agarose solution is filled into the resulting space between the first and second dimensions in order to establish an electrically conductive connection between the gels.
  • An advantageous embodiment consists in that this hose is fixed with an adhesive only on one of the plates 4 or 5 or is fixed on one of the plates 4 or 5 in a groove, so that it is ensured that the hose only after evacuation located on a plate 4 or 5.
  • a variant of this construction or method is to remove the hose after the first dimension has been separated. The evacuation considerably simplifies the removal.
  • the combination chamber according to the second embodiment consists of two parts which are arranged one above the other, the upper IEF part for carrying out IEF electrophoresis in the first dimension and the lower part for carrying out SDS electrophoresis in the second dimension.
  • the combination chamber consists of several components that are assembled, for example, by screwing or clamping.
  • the rear wall plate 28A forms a unit with the upper buffer reservoir 29 of the second dimension and the casting vessels 30 for casting the second dimension, the buffer vessel 31 for filling in the buffer of the second dimension.
  • the cover plate 28B which is designed as a glass plate, is connected to the rear wall plate 28A and the upper buffer reservoir 29 eg connected by screwing.
  • Flat seals 23 on the right and left seal outwards and define the thickness of the gels between the plates 28A and 28B.
  • the plate 28B has a height which results from the height of the plate 28A and the height of the upper buffer reservoir 29.
  • the plates 28A, 28B can be transparent.
  • the top cover plate 28B should be transparent so that the individual process steps can be observed.
  • an U-shaped insulating element 24 designed as a hose seal in the present exemplary embodiment, which separates the gel 25 of the first dimension from the gel 36 of the second dimension.
  • the electrodes 26 and 27 for the electrophoresis of the first dimension.
  • the composite construction of plates 28A, 28B and the upper reservoirs is placed in the lower buffer tank 32 of the second dimension.
  • a seal 33 which e.g. can be pneumatically raised (condition 33a) to seal down the void between plates 28A and 28B so that the second dimension gel 36 can be poured out of the pouring vessel 30 via a connection (e.g., a tube).
  • the buffer filling vessel 31 serves to fill the lower buffer tank 32.
  • the electrodes 38 and 39 of the second dimension are located in the buffer vessel 29 and the buffer tank 32.
  • an IEF finished gel strip 25 is positioned between the deflecting elements 22 (white horizontal surface) and brought into direct contact with the two electrodes 26, 27 which protrude through the glass plate 28B in the deflecting elements 22 and enable electrophoresis in the first dimension .
  • the upper glass plate 28B is then placed on top (FIG. 7) and, in the present exemplary embodiment, is held together with the lower rear wall plate 28A and the upper buffer reservoir 29 by means of clips.
  • the glass plate sandwich is then placed in the buffer tank 32 (Fig. 8).
  • the pouring vessel 30 serves for pouring the SDS-PAGE gel and the reservoir 29 and the buffer tank 32 as a buffer reservoir for the SDS-PAGE, the buffer tank 32 being filled from a buffer filling vessel 31 via a connecting line.
  • a seal 33 which, when sealing, can close the slot between the two glass panes 28A, 28B on the underside.
  • Fig. 8 it is shown in the non-sealing state.
  • the IEF gel 25 is used for rehydration
  • Rehydration buffer overlaid between glass plates 28A, 28B in room 34 and rehydrated. After rehydration (> 2h) the excess becomes Buffer removed. The sample is then introduced into a recess 35, the space of which was saved by introducing a spacer insert during the rehydration. Then electrophoresis is carried out by applying a voltage between the electrodes 26, 27. After the IEF electrophoresis has been carried out, the IEF gel 25 is buffered by adding reequilibration buffer which is introduced into room 34 (for example 30 min, at pH 6.9).
  • the SDS gel 36 for the second dimension is poured before, after or during the implementation of the first dimension by pouring the gel solution through the pouring vessel 30 and passing it down through a line between the glass plates 28A, 28B (Fig. 9) .
  • the seal 33A seals the glass plate sandwich downward so that the gel solution cannot leak.
  • the gel 36 is polymerized between the glass plates 28A, 28B for at least two hours. The seal is then broken again by the seal 33A so that the SDS gel comes into contact with the electrophoresis buffer in the buffer tank 32.
  • the reequilibration buffer is removed from the space 34, the plastic tube 24 is pulled out of the apparatus from the side upwards, for example with a stepper motor, and the resulting space 37 between the first and second dimensions with contact gel (for example agarose - Collection gel) filled (Fig. 5). Then buffer is filled into the buffer reservoir 29 and the buffer tank 32 and the SDS electrophoresis in the second dimension is carried out via an electric field between the electrodes 38, 39 of the second dimension in the buffer vessels 29, 32 filled with buffer.
  • contact gel for example agarose - Collection gel
  • the gel is lifted off and developed according to known methods, for example stained with silver nitrate solution or Coomassie solution. Both electrophoresis dimensions are cooled - by immersing the gel sandwiches in thermostatted buffer solution of the second dimension, which is located in the buffer tank 32, or the chamber sandwiches are cooled by cooling chambers applied to the glass plates 28A, 28B.
  • the invention also relates to new IEF gels (isoelectric focusing gels) according to claims 24 to 29, which offer an excellent separation effect for biomolecules, in particular for proteins, and an expanded separation area on the acidic and basic separation side. Selected recipes of gels are documented below.
  • Lateral immobilization gels 10% acrylamide gel with the addition of 50 mM to 100 mM immobilines
  • Buffer A 4% (v / v) phosphoric acid
  • Buffer B 5% (v / v) ethylenediamine
  • SDS running buffer 192mM glycine, 25mM Tris base, 0.1% SDS Running conditions:
  • Coolant inlet 24 insulating elements
  • Seal (can e.g. be lifted pneumatically
  • a seal e.g. pneumatically raised

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Biological Materials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et des dispositifs permettant de séparer en une et en deux dimensions des biomolécules en gels par électrophorèse dans un appareillage d'électrophorèse et servant notamment à séparer par exemple des protéines, des glycoprotéines, des lipoprotéines, des acides nucléiques ou des complexes cellulaires. Un premier dispositif selon l'invention se caractérise en ce qu'une chambre combinée d'électrophorèse (1) comporte une partie centrale (2) avec des éléments réfrigérants (3). Ces derniers sont disposés sous des chambres d'électrophorèse (6, 7) réalisées de part et d'autre de la partie centrale (2), par des plaques intérieures (4) et des plaques extérieures (5) en interaction avec des éléments isolants (9) pouvant être enlevés ou commutés, ainsi que sous des récipients tampon (8 et 21). Une seconde chambre combinée pour séparer, en une ou en deux dimensions, des biomolécules ou d'autres mélanges de substances sous forme de gels superposés horizontalement, par électrophorèse, présente une plaque de paroi de base et une plaque de recouvrement. Au moins deux éléments de renvoi prévus pour guider les éléments isolants sont placés entre la plaque de paroi de base et la plaque de recouvrement. L'invention concerne en outre un procédé de séparation en une, comme en deux dimensions, ainsi que la formulation de gels spécifiques.
EP99932728A 1998-07-03 1999-06-25 Procede et dispositif pour separer des biomolecules Withdrawn EP1102983A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19831210 1998-07-03
DE1998131210 DE19831210A1 (de) 1998-07-03 1998-07-03 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur zwei-dimensionalen Trennung von Biomolekülen
PCT/EP1999/004411 WO2000002039A1 (fr) 1998-07-03 1999-06-25 Procede et dispositif pour separer des biomolecules

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1102983A1 true EP1102983A1 (fr) 2001-05-30

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Country Link
EP (1) EP1102983A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU4901099A (fr)
CA (1) CA2336409A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19831210A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2000002039A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AUPR051500A0 (en) 2000-09-29 2000-10-26 Proteome Systems Ltd Electrophoresis system
EP1379864A1 (fr) * 2001-04-17 2004-01-14 Nextgen Sciences Ltd Systeme de separation electrophoretique
EP1353171A3 (fr) * 2002-04-12 2004-11-03 Tecan Trading AG Porte-bande, chambre, cassette et procédé d'électrophorèse 2-D
EP1804058A1 (fr) * 2005-12-28 2007-07-04 Roche Diagnostics GmbH Électrophorèse bidimensionnelle intégrée sur gel
AU2014229050A1 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-10-22 Lumena Pharmaceuticals Llc Bile acid recycling inhibitors for treatment of Barrett's esophagus and gastroesophageal reflux disease
US20220281913A1 (en) * 2019-08-12 2022-09-08 Yale University Intragel well sample loading system

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NL151506B (nl) * 1971-08-12 1976-11-15 Biotest Serum Institut Gmbh Werkwijze en inrichting voor het uitvoeren van een tweedimensionale immuunelektroforese.
US4385974A (en) * 1982-06-24 1983-05-31 Jerry Shevitz Electrophoretic system and method for multidimensional analysis
US4666581A (en) * 1984-05-09 1987-05-19 Hitachi, Ltd. Apparatus for two-dimensional electrophoresis
DE3430064A1 (de) * 1984-08-16 1986-02-27 Hans 6900 Heidelberg Flößer Thermoplatte fuer elektrophoreseeinrichtungen
DE3876273T2 (de) * 1987-04-11 1993-05-27 Ciba Geigy Ag Isoelektrisches fokussierverfahren sowie einrichtung zur durchfuehrung dieses verfahrens.
DE3735872A1 (de) * 1987-10-23 1989-08-03 Schuett Labortechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung zum fraktionieren einer analysenprobe
US4874490A (en) * 1988-11-04 1989-10-17 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. Pre-cast gel systems for two-dimensional electrophoresis
DE4021728A1 (de) * 1990-07-07 1992-01-09 Serva Feinbiochem Gmbh & Co Vorrichtung fuer die praeparative elektrophorese
AUPO403896A0 (en) * 1996-12-05 1997-01-02 Forbio Research Pty Ltd Electrophoretic method and apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO0002039A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2000002039A1 (fr) 2000-01-13
DE19831210A1 (de) 2000-01-05
CA2336409A1 (fr) 2000-01-13
AU4901099A (en) 2000-01-24

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