EP1071115B1 - Strahler von Infrarotstrahlung im Band III und Verbundmaterial, welches die Emission von solcher Strahlung erlaubt - Google Patents

Strahler von Infrarotstrahlung im Band III und Verbundmaterial, welches die Emission von solcher Strahlung erlaubt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1071115B1
EP1071115B1 EP00402021A EP00402021A EP1071115B1 EP 1071115 B1 EP1071115 B1 EP 1071115B1 EP 00402021 A EP00402021 A EP 00402021A EP 00402021 A EP00402021 A EP 00402021A EP 1071115 B1 EP1071115 B1 EP 1071115B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oxide
emitter
metal
infrared radiation
composite material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00402021A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1071115A1 (de
Inventor
Patrice Seguy
Valérie Alonso
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aerospatiale Matra Missiles SA
Original Assignee
Aerospatiale Matra Missiles SA
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aerospatiale Matra Missiles SA filed Critical Aerospatiale Matra Missiles SA
Publication of EP1071115A1 publication Critical patent/EP1071115A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1071115B1 publication Critical patent/EP1071115B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K7/00—Lamps for purposes other than general lighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/02—Incandescent bodies
    • H01K1/04—Incandescent bodies characterised by the material thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K11/00—Lamps having an incandescent body which is not conductively heated, e.g. heated inductively, heated by electronic discharge

Definitions

  • JP-A-05190157 discloses a transmitter comprising a composite material, which comprises a metal on which is deposited a thin layer of Al 2 O 3 , whose emissivity is greater than 0.8 for wavelengths between 8 .mu.m and 10 ⁇ m and greater than 0.2 for wavelengths less than 6 ⁇ m.
  • Infrared radiation emitters are known in band II (wavelengths of infrared radiation of 3 to 5 ⁇ m) that can be mounted on a flying machine, for example a target aircraft, to simulate the optical signature of certain types of aircraft, in particular to allow the implementation of test fire for weapons, such as missiles, aircraft destruction.
  • band II wavelengths of infrared radiation of 3 to 5 ⁇ m
  • the present invention relates to an emitter capable of emitting infrared radiation in band III (8 to 12 ⁇ m wavelength) and intended, in particular, to be used in the same type of application, to simulate the optical signature of other types of aircraft.
  • a device for simulating a band III signature which is based on the emission of a highly emissive body heated.
  • This known device comprises a metal dome, which is heated by a propane burner. Said device achieves a luminance of about 40 W / sr when mounted on a flying machine that flies at moderate speed (75 m / s).
  • the present invention aims to overcome these disadvantages. It relates to a transmitter of reduced cost and size, making it possible to emit infrared radiation in band III, which presents the aforementioned characteristics and which are likely to be used in the applications indicated above.
  • the emitter according to the invention is capable of emitting a band III radiation.
  • the emitted radiation has a very reduced luminance in I (1 ⁇ m - 1.5 ⁇ m) and II (3 ⁇ m - 5 ⁇ m) bands, the energy consumption is consequently reduced, which makes it possible to optimize the efficiency. overall energy of said transmitter.
  • the emissivity of a body is a dimensionless value that expresses the relationship between the luminance emitted by this body and the maximum luminance of an ideal body, called a "black body”. This value varies, depending on the material and the wavelength, between 0 and 1.
  • a metal for example titanium, copper, nickel or platinum irradiated
  • said heating device allows efficient heating of said composite material to a prescribed temperature between 500 ° C and 1000 ° C, preferably of the order of 800 ° C.
  • said metal has a half-spherical shape and said oxide is deposited on the semispherical outer surface of said metal.
  • said heating device comprises means for adjusting the heating temperature and it preferably performs Joule heating.
  • Other known heating modes are of course also conceivable.
  • the present invention also relates to a composite material comprising a metal and an oxide, for the emission of infrared radiation in band III, said composite material and in particular the oxide having the aforementioned characteristics.
  • the transmitter 1 according to the invention and shown schematically in Figure 1 is intended to emit infrared radiation R in band III, specified below.
  • FIG. 2 shows, in broken lines, the emissivity E2 of a perfect black body, which is assumed to be equal to 1 regardless of the wavelength ⁇ considered.
  • the emissivity curve E1 shown in FIG. 2 corresponds to that of the aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) which is the preferred oxide for the implementation of the present invention.
  • magnesium oxide or yttrium oxide can also be used for the implementation of the invention, and in particular magnesium oxide or yttrium oxide.
  • the emissivity E for wavelengths ⁇ greater than 10 ⁇ m is immaterial in the context of the present invention, since the energy emitted for such wavelengths is negligible.
  • said metal 4 preferably a current metal, for example titanium, copper, nickel or platinum, has a half-spherical shape, for example 15 cm in diameter.
  • said oxide 5 is deposited on the semispherical outer surface of said metal 4, which makes it possible to obtain a high ratio between the emitting surface and the bulk of said composite material 3.
  • said oxide 5 is deposited in the form of a thin layer, the thickness of which results from a compromise between the optical properties of the oxide used and the constraints related to the deposition process used, and is, for example, example, close to 50 microns in the case of aluminum oxide.
  • said oxide can be deposited by various known methods, for example by plasma spraying.
  • the choice of the method depends, preferably, on the type of metal and of the type of oxide chosen.
  • thermal spraying methods a "PVD"("Physical Vapor Deposition") method or a "CVD"("Chemical Vapor Deposition" method.
  • the heater 6 is provided only as a preferred example. Other known heating devices can of course also be used.
  • infrared radiation R in band III (8-12 ⁇ m) which has a luminance of 100 W / sr between 8 and 10 ⁇ m, with an emitting surface of for example 150 cm 2 .
  • the emitter 1 transmits essentially in band III, whereas the black body has a very high luminance peak situated between 2 and 3 ⁇ m.
  • the invention achieves an efficient compromise between the size and the efficiency of the transmitter 1.
  • the luminance gain in band III becomes more and more reduced, the energy emitted in band I becomes predominant and the band III / band I performance, which must be important in the applications envisaged in the present invention, s 'collapses.
  • the optimum yield is at moderate temperatures of 200 ° C.
  • the surface of the materials necessary to obtain the desired luminance (100 W / sec in 1.5 sr) in band III is prohibitive (about 10,000 cm 2 ). Therefore, thanks to the invention, a high efficiency is obtained with a reduced emission emitting area source 2 (150 cm 2 ), heated to a temperature of the order of 800 ° C.
  • the transmitter 1 according to the invention can be mounted on a flying vehicle, for example a C22 target craft, to simulate the optical signature of an aircraft.
  • a flying vehicle for example a C22 target craft
  • the existence of a low luminance in the range of the near infrared makes it possible not to disturb some guidance systems of missiles for destroying said target craft, especially systems equipped with an I-band tracer.

Landscapes

  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Radiation-Therapy Devices (AREA)
  • Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Strahler für Infrarotstrahlung im Band III, der Folgendes umfasst:
    - eine Emissionsquelle (2), die ein Verbundmaterial (3) aufweist, das ein Metall (4) umfasst, auf das eine dünne Schicht aus Oxid (5) aufgetragen ist; und
    - eine Heizvorrichtung (6), die geeignet ist, das Verbundmaterial (3) so zu erhitzen, dass es eine Infrarotstrahlung im Band III emittiert,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oxidschicht ein Emissionsvermögen aufweist, das:
    • kleiner als 0,2 ist, zumindest bei emittierter Strahlung (R) mit Wellenlängen kleiner als 6 µm; und
    • größer als 0,8 ist bei Wellenlängen im Bereich zwischen 8 µm et 10 µm.
  2. Strahler nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dünne Schicht eine Dicke in der Größenordnung von 50 µm aufweist.
  3. Strahler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Oxid (5) Aluminiumoxid ist.
  4. Strahler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Oxid (5) Magnesiumoxid ist.
  5. Strahler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Oxid (5) Yttriumoxid ist.
  6. Strahler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Metall (4) die Form einer Halbkugel hat und dass das Oxid (5) auf der halbkugelförmigen Außenfläche des Metalls (4) aufgetragen ist.
  7. Strahler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizvorrichtung (6) Mittel (8) umfasst, um die Heiztemperatur zu regeln.
  8. Strahler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizvorrichtung (6) durch den Joule-Effekt heizt.
  9. Strahler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er außerdem einen Reflektor (12) aufweist, der es erlaubt, die von der Emissionsquelle (2) emittierte Infrarotstrahlung (R) gemäß einem im Voraus definierten Raumwinkel zu leiten.
  10. Strahler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er außerdem ein Gehäuse aufweist, das die Emissionsquelle (2) umschließt, um sie von außen her zu schützen, und dass es mit einem Fenster (13) versehen ist, das gegenüber der von der Emissionsquelle (2) emittierten Infrarotstrahlung (R) durchlässig ist.
  11. Verbundmaterial für die Emission von Infrarotstrahlung im Band III, das ein Metall (4) und ein Oxid (5) aufweist, wobei das Oxid (5) in Form einer dünnen Schicht auf das Metall (4) aufgetragen ist;
    wobei das Verbundmaterial dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Oxidschicht (5) ein Emissionsvermögen aufweist, das:
    - kleiner als 0,2 ist bei Wellenlängen kleiner als 6 µm; und
    - größer als 0,8 ist bei Wellenlängen im Bereich zwischen 8 µm et 10 µm.
  12. Material nach Anspruch 11,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die dünne Schicht eine Dicke in der Größenordnung von 50 µm aufweist.
  13. Material nach einem der Ansprüche 11 und 12,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Oxid (5) Aluminiumoxid ist.
  14. Material nach einem der Ansprüche 11 und 12,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Oxid (5) Magnesiumoxid ist.
  15. Material nach einem der Ansprüche 11 und 12,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Oxid (5) Yttriumoxid ist.
  16. Material nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 15,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Metall (4) die Form einer Halbkugel hat und dass das Oxid (5) auf der halbkugelförmigen Außenfläche des Metalls (4) aufgetragen ist.
EP00402021A 1999-07-21 2000-07-13 Strahler von Infrarotstrahlung im Band III und Verbundmaterial, welches die Emission von solcher Strahlung erlaubt Expired - Lifetime EP1071115B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9909436A FR2796756B1 (fr) 1999-07-21 1999-07-21 Emetteur de rayonnement infrarouge en bande iii et materiau composite permettant l'emission d'un tel rayonnement
FR9909436 1999-07-21

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1071115A1 EP1071115A1 (de) 2001-01-24
EP1071115B1 true EP1071115B1 (de) 2006-05-31

Family

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EP00402021A Expired - Lifetime EP1071115B1 (de) 1999-07-21 2000-07-13 Strahler von Infrarotstrahlung im Band III und Verbundmaterial, welches die Emission von solcher Strahlung erlaubt

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6370327B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1071115B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE328362T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60028303T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2265326T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2796756B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US6881928B2 (en) * 2002-02-08 2005-04-19 Manica-Taiwan Inc. Personal care appliance and attachment therefor
DE10217011A1 (de) * 2002-04-16 2003-11-13 Ibt Infrabio Tech Gmbh Emitter zur Infrarotbestrahlung von biologischem Material
US6687456B1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2004-02-03 Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co., Ltd In-line fluid heater
JP2006123885A (ja) * 2004-09-28 2006-05-18 Denso Corp 車載用輻射熱暖房装置
US20140225009A1 (en) * 2013-02-08 2014-08-14 Wayne O'Brien Infrared Light Sources and Methods of Their Use and Manufacture
US10041866B2 (en) 2015-04-24 2018-08-07 University Of South Carolina Reproducible sample preparation method for quantitative stain detection
US9885147B2 (en) 2015-04-24 2018-02-06 University Of South Carolina Reproducible sample preparation method for quantitative stain detection

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60028303T2 (de) 2007-05-24
US6370327B1 (en) 2002-04-09
DE60028303D1 (de) 2006-07-06
ATE328362T1 (de) 2006-06-15
FR2796756A1 (fr) 2001-01-26
FR2796756B1 (fr) 2001-09-28
EP1071115A1 (de) 2001-01-24
ES2265326T3 (es) 2007-02-16

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