EP1067084B1 - Device and method for avoiding vertical slippage and oscillations in load pick up means of conveyor facilities - Google Patents

Device and method for avoiding vertical slippage and oscillations in load pick up means of conveyor facilities Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1067084B1
EP1067084B1 EP00112866A EP00112866A EP1067084B1 EP 1067084 B1 EP1067084 B1 EP 1067084B1 EP 00112866 A EP00112866 A EP 00112866A EP 00112866 A EP00112866 A EP 00112866A EP 1067084 B1 EP1067084 B1 EP 1067084B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pickup means
load pickup
braking device
load
attached
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP00112866A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1067084A1 (en
EP1067084A8 (en
Inventor
Claudio Dipl.-Ing. De Angelis
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Inventio AG
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Inventio AG
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Publication of EP1067084A8 publication Critical patent/EP1067084A8/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B1/00—Control systems of elevators in general
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B17/00—Hoistway equipment
    • B66B17/34—Safe lift clips; Keps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B11/00—Main component parts of lifts in, or associated with, buildings or other structures
    • B66B11/02—Cages, i.e. cars
    • B66B11/026—Attenuation system for shocks, vibrations, imbalance, e.g. passengers on the same side
    • B66B11/0293—Suspension locking or inhibiting means to avoid movement when car is stopped at a floor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66B—ELEVATORS; ESCALATORS OR MOVING WALKWAYS
    • B66B5/00—Applications of checking, fault-correcting, or safety devices in elevators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a Vertical displacement prevention method and Vertical vibrations on load handling devices of vertical conveyor systems during its standstill, which is the desired one Achieve the effect that the load handler during the floor stops by means of a braking device Friction is held on its guide rails and if there is a corresponding control command this Friction is canceled.
  • EP 0 346 195 discloses an electromagnetically actuated caliper brake which is designed, inter alia, to connect the car or the counterweight of an elevator to its guide rails in a friction-locked manner on control command.
  • the brake contains two two-armed caliper levers with a common center joint, the axis of which is fixed to the cabin or the balance weight.
  • the clamp sides of the caliper levers are covered with brake pads and encompass the guide bar of the cabin or counterweight guide rails.
  • the opposite drive ends of the caliper levers are spread by a compression spring, which creates the clamping force between the brake pads and the web of the guide rail on the other caliper side.
  • a tension magnet is arranged concentrically to the expanding compression spring, which overcomes the force of the compression spring when the current flows and thus opens the brake caliper.
  • the disclosed braking device is intended in particular as a holding brake for counterweights or cabins of linear motor-driven elevators and the claims essentially relate to the design of an integrated damping element for preventing switching shocks and switching noises caused by the pull magnet.
  • load suspension devices are prone to vertical vibrations during standstill, which are excited by the stopping process, by changes in load or by the level compensation processes described.
  • Vertical displacements as well as vibrations of the load handler in passenger lifts can cause unpleasant sensations to the point of being frightened by the passengers.
  • the level differences between the cabin floor and shaft door sill of a passenger elevator can cause tripping accidents for passengers getting on and off.
  • the situation described can be improved by frictionally holding the load handler to its Guide rails can be reached.
  • the present invention has for its object a to create a braking device attached to the load suspension device, the vertical displacement problems described above and vertical vibrations of the load handler solves without compromising driving comfort, in particular without opening the brake to continue the load handler to cause a jerk.
  • the attachment or use of the braking device according to the invention which is attached to the load suspension device and has an integrated recording of the holding forces, has significant advantages. Measuring the holding forces directly on the braking device is technically advantageous because it enables the effectively existing holding forces to be precisely recorded and compensated for, while all indirectly acting methods for relieving the brake involve several sources of error.
  • a perfect brake relief before starting to continue is not generated here by generating a control system from a torque detection when stopping and a measurement the payload difference calculated during the floor stop Preload torque enabled by the drive unit, but by having this torque through before starting the drive unit built up continuously so far until one by the load measuring sensors on the load suspension device attached brake device formed measuring bridge is balanced, d. H. until this braking device is perfectly relieved. Deviations due to friction and due to errors in the payload measurement as well as by Inaccuracies in the generation of a calculated one The corresponding torque is the default value for this method locked out.
  • the load suspension device according to the invention attached braking device the usual holding brake on the Replace drive unit, but also an operation with both braking devices is possible.
  • the braking device attached to the load suspension device the holding forces recorded in the up and down direction
  • Load situations provide enough information to pre to continue driving this brake device completely relieve pressure and thus enable a smooth start.
  • the detection of the holding forces in the up and down direction is required for two reasons.
  • the on Load suspension device attached braking device for example due to boarding or disembarking passengers, in different ways Direction charged.
  • the drive unit is the direction of loading on the Load suspension device attached braking device depends on whether the weight of the load handler and current Payload greater or smaller than that of the counterweight is.
  • the integration of the measuring elements in the unit of the load suspension device attached braking device allows one simple, sandwiched with other cabin components combined attachment of this device to the cabin.
  • a toggle mechanism has the advantage of being powerful of the lifting mechanism with simple means in many cases is strengthened and no permanent holding force in the braking state the lifting mechanism is required. It is therefore, too taking into account power failures, lifting mechanisms applicable, which are activated without a preloaded spring for a short time Closing and opening strokes work such.
  • An important advantage of this invention is that the future use of suspension elements made of plastic fibers (e.g. aramid fiber ropes or flat belts) in Increased mass of problems to be expected regarding vertical displacements and vibrations during floor stops by using the load suspension device according to the invention attached braking device can be avoided can.
  • plastic fibers e.g. aramid fiber ropes or flat belts
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of an inventive Cabin brake device 1 shown. On the left you can see a cabin guide rail 2 common in elevator construction which the braking device acts.
  • the cabin brake device 1 essentially consists of a cuboid housing 3, a brake caliper support 4 fixed therein with two brake caliper joint bolts 5, the brake calipers 6 with brake caliper hub 6.1 and brake lining carrier 6.2, the brake linings 7, a toggle lever mechanism 8, as a lifting magnet, hydraulic cylinder or Lifting spindle motor designed lifting mechanism 9 and a compression spring 10.
  • it contains strain gauges 11 with which the holding forces of the brake calipers are recorded.
  • the holding effect of the cabin brake device is achieved in that the compression spring 10 spreads the drive levers of the brake calipers 6 which can be pivoted about the brake caliper joint bolts 5 via the toggle lever mechanism 8 and thus presses the brake-side lever thereof with the brake pads 7 against the running surface of the guide rail.
  • the toggle lever mechanism greatly increases the spring force.
  • the drawn position of the cabin brake device corresponds to the state in which it holds the cabin frictionally on the guide rails 2.
  • the cabin brake device is released in that the controllable lifting mechanism 9 overcomes the biasing force of the compression spring 10, brings the toggle lever mechanism 8 into a bent position, thereby relieving the brake calipers 6 and moving the brake pads at a sufficient distance from the guide rail 2.
  • a device which enables the effective length of the extended toggle levers to be adjusted by means of screws.
  • FIG. 2 shows a vertical section through the cabin brake device 1.
  • the cabin guide rail 2, the base plate 12 and the cover plate 13 of the housing 3, the brake caliper support 4 with the brake caliper joint bolts 5, the brake caliper 6 with brake caliper hub 6.1 and brake pad carrier 6.2 are shown.
  • a cross section through the toggle mechanism 8 and the lifting mechanism 9 and the compression spring 1o The mode of action of the detection of the holding forces on the cabin brake device according to the invention can be seen here.
  • the housing 3 contains one with it here connected metallic guide carrier 14, the two plate-shaped Boom 15 has two bores 16 each, which as play-free guides for the brake caliper joint bolts 5 serve.
  • the arms 15 act as a parallelogram guide for these bolts, which are Cross pin 17 fixed to the brake caliper hub 6.1 of the brake caliper 6 connected and on the other hand axially via piezoelectric Pressure sensors 18 against the base plate 12 and the cover plate 13 are supported.
  • Fig. 4 shows the application and installation of a car brake device according to the invention in a conventional elevator system. Shown are an elevator shaft 20 with car guide rails 2 installed therein, a machine room 21 containing a drive unit 22 with traction sheave 23, an elevator car 24 with car frame 25, a counterweight 26 and suspension means 27 which connect and support the car and the counterweight and are in turn driven by the traction sheave 23. Attached to the cabin frame 25 are roller guide units 28 for guiding the cabin 24 on the cabin guide rails 2, safety catch devices 29 and the cabin braking devices 1 according to the invention. These components are designed in such a way that they can be flanged to one another and to the cabin frame by means of suitable connecting parts. With this technology, in the case of very heavy cabins, two or more cabin braking devices can also be installed one below the other.
  • FIG. 5 shows a preferred arrangement of two cabin braking devices 1, in which a common compression spring 30 via a connecting rod 32 and the toggle mechanisms 8 both braking devices are actuated and a common, on the cabin frame attached lifting mechanism 31 against this the compression spring 30 releases, which ensures synchronous function and one-sided braking is excluded.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Verhinderung von Vertikalverschiebungen und Vertikalschwingungen an Lastaufnahmemitteln von Vertikalförderanlagen während ihres Stillstands, die die gewünschte Wirkung dadurch erzielen, dass das Lastaufnahmemittel während der Stockwerkshalte mittels einer Bremsvorrichtung durch Reibschluss an seinen Führungsschienen festgehalten wird und bei Vorliegen eines entsprechenden Steuerbefehls dieser Reibschluss aufgehoben wird.The present invention relates to a device and a Vertical displacement prevention method and Vertical vibrations on load handling devices of vertical conveyor systems during its standstill, which is the desired one Achieve the effect that the load handler during the floor stops by means of a braking device Friction is held on its guide rails and if there is a corresponding control command this Friction is canceled.

EP 0 346 195 offenbart eine elektromagnetisch betätigte Zangenbremse, die unter anderem dafür konzipiert ist, auf Steuerbefehl die Kabine oder das Ausgleichsgewicht eines Aufzugs reibschlüssig mit ihren Führungsschienen zu verbinden. Die Bremse enthält zwei zweiarmige Zangenhebel mit gemeinsamem Mittelgelenk dessen Achse an der Kabine oder am Ausgleichsgewicht fixiert ist. Die Klemmseiten der Zangenhebel sind mit Bremsbelägen belegt und umgreifen den Führungssteg der Kabinen- oder Ausgleichsgewichts-Führungsschienen. Die gegenüberliegenden Antriebsenden der Zangenhebel werden durch eine Druckfeder gespreizt, wodurch auf der anderen Zangenseite die Klemmkraft zwischen den Bremsbelägen und dem Steg der Führungsschiene entsteht. Konzentrisch zur spreizenden Druckfeder ist ein Zugmagnet angeordnet, der bei Stromfluss die Kraft der Druckfeder überwindet und damit die Bremszange öffnet.
Die offenbarte Bremseinrichtung ist insbesondere als Haltebremse für Ausgleichsgewichte oder Kabinen von linearmotorangetriebenen Aufzügen vorgesehen und die Patentansprüche beziehen sich im Wesentlichen auf die Ausführung eines integrierten Dämpfungselements zur Verhinderung von durch den Zugmagnet verursachten Schaltschlägen und Schaltgeräuschen.EP 0 346 195 discloses an electromagnetically actuated caliper brake which is designed, inter alia, to connect the car or the counterweight of an elevator to its guide rails in a friction-locked manner on control command. The brake contains two two-armed caliper levers with a common center joint, the axis of which is fixed to the cabin or the balance weight. The clamp sides of the caliper levers are covered with brake pads and encompass the guide bar of the cabin or counterweight guide rails. The opposite drive ends of the caliper levers are spread by a compression spring, which creates the clamping force between the brake pads and the web of the guide rail on the other caliper side. A tension magnet is arranged concentrically to the expanding compression spring, which overcomes the force of the compression spring when the current flows and thus opens the brake caliper.
The disclosed braking device is intended in particular as a holding brake for counterweights or cabins of linear motor-driven elevators and the claims essentially relate to the design of an integrated damping element for preventing switching shocks and switching noises caused by the pull magnet.

An langen Tragmitteln wie z. B. Drahtseilen oder Flachriemen hängende Lastaufnahmemittel von Vertikalförderanlagen, beispielsweise Kabinen in Aufzugsanlagen mit grossen Hubhöhen, weisen den Nachteil auf, dass sie während des Stillstands relativ grosse Vertikalverschiebungen erfahren, deren Ursache die Dehnung oder die Kontraktion der elastischen Tragmittel infolge von Laständerungen ist. Solche Laständerungen im Lastaufnahmemittel entstehen beispielsweise durch zusteigende oder aussteigende Passagiere wie auch durch ein- oder ausfahrende Transportgeräte. Wenn die Vertikalverschiebungen einen einstellbaren Grenzwert überschreiten, führt der Antrieb üblicherweise eine Ausgleichsbewegung aus, bis das korrekte Niveau des Lastaufnahmemittels wieder erreicht ist. Je nach Art der Laständerung können während eines Stillstands mehrere solcher Ausgleichsvorgänge erforderlich sein.
Ausserdem neigen solche Lastaufnahmemittel zu Vertikalschwingungen während des Stillstands, die durch den Anhaltevorgang, durch Laständerungen oder durch die beschriebenen Niveauausgleichsvorgänge angeregt werden. Vertikalverschiebungen wie auch Schwingungen des Lastaufnahmemittels bei Personenaufzügen können bei den Passagieren unangenehme Empfindungen bis zum Erschrecken auslösen. Zudem können im Fall von ungenauem Ausgleich die Niveauunterschiede zwischen Kabinenboden und Schachttürschwelle eines Personenaufzugs bei zu- und aussteigenden Passagieren zu Stolperunfällen führen.On long suspension devices such as B. wire ropes or flat belt hanging load suspension devices of vertical conveyors, for example cabs in elevator systems with large lifting heights, have the disadvantage that they experience relatively large vertical displacements during standstill, the cause of which is the expansion or contraction of the elastic suspension means as a result of changes in load. Such load changes in the load suspension device arise, for example, from boarding or disembarking passengers as well as from entering or leaving transport devices. If the vertical displacements exceed an adjustable limit value, the drive usually carries out a compensating movement until the correct level of the load handler is reached again. Depending on the type of load change, several such compensation processes may be required during a standstill.
In addition, such load suspension devices are prone to vertical vibrations during standstill, which are excited by the stopping process, by changes in load or by the level compensation processes described. Vertical displacements as well as vibrations of the load handler in passenger lifts can cause unpleasant sensations to the point of being frightened by the passengers. In addition, in the event of inaccurate compensation, the level differences between the cabin floor and shaft door sill of a passenger elevator can cause tripping accidents for passengers getting on and off.

Eine Verbesserung der beschriebenen Situation kann durch reibschlüssiges Festhalten des Lastaufnahmemittels an seinen Führungsschienen erreicht werden.The situation described can be improved by frictionally holding the load handler to its Guide rails can be reached.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine am Lastaufnahmemittel angebrachte Bremsvorrichtung zu schaffen, die die oben beschriebenen Probleme betreffend Vertikalverschiebung und Vertikalschwingungen des Lastaufnahmemittels löst, ohne den Fahrkomfort zu beeinträchtigen, insbesondere ohne beim Öffnen der Bremse zur Weiterfahrt des Lastaufnahmemittels einen Ruck zu verursachen. The present invention has for its object a to create a braking device attached to the load suspension device, the vertical displacement problems described above and vertical vibrations of the load handler solves without compromising driving comfort, in particular without opening the brake to continue the load handler to cause a jerk.

Bei der Anwendung einer zum beschriebenen Zweck eingesetzten, am Lastaufnahmemittel angebrachten Bremsvorrichtung sollten zur Gewährleistung eines ruckfreien Anfahrvorgangs die Tragmittel auf der Seite des Lastaufnahmemittels ( Tragseile, Trag- und Treibriemen oder ähnliche Elemente ) auf die nach Öffnung der Bremse sich einstellende Belastung vorgespannt werden, was dann stattfindet, wenn eine bezüglich Drehmoment und Drehzahl regelbare Antriebseinheit über die Treibscheibe diese Tragmittel vor jeder Weiterfahrt soweit vorspannt, dass die Bremsvorrichtung vollständig entlastet ist, bevor sie geöffnet wird. Für eine optimale Erfüllung dieser Forderung braucht die Antriebsregelung geeignete Informationen über den Lastzustand an der am Lastaufnahmemittel angebrachten Bremsvorrichtung.When using a used for the described purpose Brake device attached to the load handler should the suspension means to ensure a smooth start-up on the side of the load handler (suspension cables, Carrying and driving belts or similar elements) on the after Opening of the brake pre-tensioned load what happens when there is a torque and speed adjustable drive unit via the traction sheave pre-tension these suspension means before each journey that the braking device is fully relieved before it is opened. For an optimal fulfillment of this requirement the drive control needs suitable information about the Load condition on the brake device attached to the load suspension device.

Die Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe ist wiedergegeben im kennzeichnenden Teil der Patentansprüche 1 und 6 hinsichtlich ihrer wesentlichsten Merkmale und in den übrigen Patentansprüchen hinsichtlich weiterer vorteilhafter Ausbildungen.The solution to the problem is given in the characterizing Part of claims 1 and 6 with respect its most important features and in the other claims with regard to further advantageous training.

Die Anbringung bzw. Benutzung der erfindungsgemässen, am Lastaufnahmemittel angebrachten Bremsvorrichtung mit integrierter Erfassung der Haltekräfte weist wesentliche Vorteile auf.
Die Haltekräfte unmittelbar an der Bremsvorrichtung zu messen ist technisch vorteilhaft, weil dadurch die effektiv vorhandenen Haltekräfte präzise erfasst und kompensiert werden können, während alle indirekt wirkenden Verfahren zur Bremsentlastung mit mehreren Fehlerquellen behaftet sind.The attachment or use of the braking device according to the invention, which is attached to the load suspension device and has an integrated recording of the holding forces, has significant advantages.
Measuring the holding forces directly on the braking device is technically advantageous because it enables the effectively existing holding forces to be precisely recorded and compensated for, while all indirectly acting methods for relieving the brake involve several sources of error.

Eine perfekte Bremsentlastung vor dem Start zur Weiterfahrt wird hier nicht durch regelungstechnische Generierung eines aus einer Drehmomenterfassung beim Anhalten und einer Messung der Nutzlastdifferenz während des Stockwerkshalts errechneten Vorspann-Drehmoments durch die Antriebseinheit ermöglicht, sondern dadurch, dass vor dem Start dieses Drehmoment durch die Antriebseinheit kontinuierlich ansteigend soweit aufgebaut wird, bis eine durch die Lastmess-Sensoren der am Lastaufnahmemittel angebrachten Bremsvorrichtung gebildete Messbrücke abgeglichen ist, d. h. bis diese Bremsvorrichtung perfekt entlastet ist. Abweichungen durch Reibungseinflüsse und infolge von Fehlern bei der Nutzlastmessung sowie durch Ungenauigkeiten bei der Erzeugung eines einem errechneten Vorgabewert entsprechenden Drehmoments sind bei diesem Verfahren ausgeschlossen. Ausserdem kann bei Anwendung der erfindungsgemässen Einrichtung auf die relativ aufwendige Nutzlastmessung am Lastaufnahmemittel verzichtet werden, da die Nutzlast mit genügender Genauigkeit aus dem Drehmoment an der Antriebseinheit vor dem Anhalten und der Belastungsänderung an der am Lastaufnahmemittel angebrachten Bremsvorrichtung während des Stillstands berechnet werden kann, wobei Lastaufnahmemittelgewicht und Ausgleichsgewicht sowie - abhängig von der Position des Lastaufnahmemittels - die Tragmittelgewichte in diese Berechnung einzubeziehen sind. Drittens kann die erfindungsgemässe, am Lastaufnahmemittel angebrachte Bremsvorrichtung die übliche Haltebremse an der Antriebseinheit ersetzen, wobei jedoch auch ein Betrieb mit beiden Bremsvorrichtungen möglich ist.A perfect brake relief before starting to continue is not generated here by generating a control system from a torque detection when stopping and a measurement the payload difference calculated during the floor stop Preload torque enabled by the drive unit, but by having this torque through before starting the drive unit built up continuously so far until one by the load measuring sensors on the load suspension device attached brake device formed measuring bridge is balanced, d. H. until this braking device is perfectly relieved. Deviations due to friction and due to errors in the payload measurement as well as by Inaccuracies in the generation of a calculated one The corresponding torque is the default value for this method locked out. In addition, when using the device according to the invention on the relatively complex Payload measurement on the load handler can be dispensed with because the payload with sufficient accuracy from the torque the drive unit before stopping and changing the load on the brake device attached to the load handler can be calculated during standstill, whereby Load suspension mean weight and balance weight as well as - depending on the position of the load handler - the Load carrier weights are to be included in this calculation. Third, the load suspension device according to the invention attached braking device the usual holding brake on the Replace drive unit, but also an operation with both braking devices is possible.

Dadurch, dass die am Lastaufnahmemittel angebrachte Bremsvorrichtung die Haltekräfte in Auf- und Abwärtsrichtung erfasst, stehen der regelbaren Antriebseinheit in allen möglichen Lastsituationen genügend Informationen zur Verfügung, um vor einer Weiterfahrt diese Bremsvorrichtung vollständig zu entlasten und damit ein ruckfreies Anfahren zu ermöglichen. Die Erfassung der Haltekräfte in Auf- und Abwärtsrichtung ist aus zwei Gründen erforderlich. Beim Betrieb der Vertikalförderanlage mit Haltebremse an der Antriebseinheit wird die am Lastaufnahmemittel angebrachte Bremsvorrichtung, beispielsweise durch zu- oder aussteigende Passagiere, in unterschiedlicher Richtung belastet. Beim Betrieb ohne Haltebremse an der Antriebseinheit ist die Belastungsrichtung an der am Lastaufnahmemittel angebrachten Bremsvorrichtung davon abhängig, ob das Gewicht von Lastaufnahmemittel und momentaner Nutzlast grösser oder kleiner als dasjenige des Ausgleichsgewichts ist.The fact that the braking device attached to the load suspension device the holding forces recorded in the up and down direction, are available in all possible ways of the adjustable drive unit Load situations provide enough information to pre to continue driving this brake device completely relieve pressure and thus enable a smooth start. The detection of the holding forces in the up and down direction is required for two reasons. When operating the vertical conveyor system with holding brake on the drive unit, the on Load suspension device attached braking device, for example due to boarding or disembarking passengers, in different ways Direction charged. When operating without a holding brake the drive unit is the direction of loading on the Load suspension device attached braking device depends on whether the weight of the load handler and current Payload greater or smaller than that of the counterweight is.

Die Integration der Messglieder in die Einheit der am Lastaufnahmemittel angebrachten Bremsvorrichtung erlaubt einen einfachen, sandwichartig mit anderen Kabinenkomponenten kombinierten Anbau dieser Vorrichtung an die Kabine.The integration of the measuring elements in the unit of the load suspension device attached braking device allows one simple, sandwiched with other cabin components combined attachment of this device to the cabin.

Die Betätigung der Bremszangen der am Lastaufnahmemittel angebrachten Bremsvorrichtung durch einen Hubmechanismus über einen Kniehebel-Mechanismus hat den Vorteil, dass die Kraftwirkung des Hubmechanismus mit einfachen Mitteln vielfach verstärkt wird und im Bremszustand keine bleibende Haltekraft des Hubmechanismus erforderlich ist. Es sind daher, auch unter Berücksichtigung von Stromausfällen, Hubmechanismen anwendbar, die ohne vorgespannte Feder mit kurzzeitig aktivierten Schliess- und Öffnungshüben arbeiten, wie z. B. in beide Richtungen wirkende Hubmagnete mit beschränkter Einschaltdauer.The actuation of the brake calipers on the load handler attached braking device through a lifting mechanism A toggle mechanism has the advantage of being powerful of the lifting mechanism with simple means in many cases is strengthened and no permanent holding force in the braking state the lifting mechanism is required. It is therefore, too taking into account power failures, lifting mechanisms applicable, which are activated without a preloaded spring for a short time Closing and opening strokes work such. B. in solenoids acting in both directions with limited duty cycle.

Ein wichtiger Vorteil dieser Erfindung ist darin zu sehen, dass die beim zukünftigen Einsatz von Tragmitteln aus Kunststoff-Fasern ( z. B. Aramidfaserseile oder -Flachriemen ) in verstärktem Masse zu erwartenden Probleme betreffend Vertikalverschiebungen und Schwingungen während der Stockwerkshalte durch die Anwendung der erfindungsgemässen am Lastaufnahmemittel angebrachten Bremsvorrichtung vermieden werden können.An important advantage of this invention is that that the future use of suspension elements made of plastic fibers (e.g. aramid fiber ropes or flat belts) in Increased mass of problems to be expected regarding vertical displacements and vibrations during floor stops by using the load suspension device according to the invention attached braking device can be avoided can.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Fig. 1 bis 5 dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung erläutert, wobei sich diese auf eine Vertikalförderanlage in Form eines Personen- oder Lastenaufzugs bezieht und das Lastaufnahmemittel als Kabine bezeichnet ist.

Fig. 1
zeigt den Aufbau einer erfindungsgemässen Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtung und ihr Zusammenwirken mit einer Führungsschiene.
Fig. 2
zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine Rabinen-Bremsvorrichtung mit integrierter Erfassung der Haltekräfte durch Deformationsmessung eines Bauteils.
Fig. 3
zeigt einen Querschnitt durch eine Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtung mit integrierter Erfassung der Haltekräfte durch Piezoelektrische Kraftsensoren.
Fig. 4
zeigt eine übliche Aufzugsanlage mit zwei angebauten Kabinen-Bemsvorrichtungen.
Fig. 5
zeigt eine Einbauvariante mit zwei durch einen gemeinsamen Hubmechanismus betätigten KabinenBremsvorrichtungen.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 and explained in the following description, which relates to a vertical conveyor system in the form of a passenger or freight elevator and the load handling device is referred to as a cabin.
Fig. 1
shows the structure of a cabin brake device according to the invention and their interaction with a guide rail.
Fig. 2
shows a cross section through a Rabinen braking device with integrated detection of the holding forces by measuring the deformation of a component.
Fig. 3
shows a cross section through a cabin brake device with integrated detection of the holding forces by piezoelectric force sensors.
Fig. 4
shows a conventional elevator system with two attached car braking devices.
Fig. 5
shows an installation variant with two cabin brake devices actuated by a common lifting mechanism.

In Fig. 1 ist eine Draufsicht auf eine erfindungsgemässe Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtung 1 dargestellt. Links erkennt man eine im Aufzugbau übliche Kabinen-Führungsschiene 2, auf welche die Bremsvorrichtung wirkt.In Fig. 1 is a plan view of an inventive Cabin brake device 1 shown. On the left you can see a cabin guide rail 2 common in elevator construction which the braking device acts.

Die Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtung 1 besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem quaderförmigen Gehäuse 3, einem darin fixierten Bremszangen-Support 4 mit zwei Bremszangengelenkbolzen 5, den Bremszangen 6 mit Bremszangennabe 6.1 und Bremsbelagträger 6.2, den Bremsbelägen 7, einem Kniehebelmechanismus 8, einem als Hubmagnet, Hydraulikzylinder oder Hubspindelmotor ausgeführten Hubmechanismus 9 sowie einer Druckfeder 10. Auserdem enthält sie Dehnungsmessstreifen 11, mit welchen die Haltekräfte der Bremszangen erfasst werden.
Die Haltewirkung der Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtung wird dadurch erreicht, dass die Druckfeder 10 über den Kniehebelmechanismus 8 die Antriebshebel der um die Bremszangen-Gelenkbolzen 5 schwenkbaren Bremszangen 6 spreizt und damit deren bremsseitige Hebel mit den Bremsbelägen 7 gegen die Lauffläche der Führungsschiene presst. Der Kniehebelmechanismus bewirkt dabei eine grosse Verstärkung der Federkraft. Die gezeichnete Stellung der Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtung entspricht dem Zustand, bei dem diese die Kabine reibschlüssig an den Führungsschienen 2 festhält. Gelöst wird die Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtung dadurch, dass der steuerbare Hubmechanismus 9 die Vorspannkraft der Druckfeder 10 überwindet, den Kniehebelmechanismus 8 in geknickte Stellung bringt, dadurch die Bremszangen 6 entlastet und die Bremsbeläge in ausreichenden Abstand zur Führungsschiene 2 bewegt. Nicht dargestellt ist eine Vorrichtung, die mittels Schrauben eine Verstellung der wirksamen Länge der gestreckten Kniehebel ermöglicht.The cabin brake device 1 essentially consists of a cuboid housing 3, a brake caliper support 4 fixed therein with two brake caliper joint bolts 5, the brake calipers 6 with brake caliper hub 6.1 and brake lining carrier 6.2, the brake linings 7, a toggle lever mechanism 8, as a lifting magnet, hydraulic cylinder or Lifting spindle motor designed lifting mechanism 9 and a compression spring 10. In addition, it contains strain gauges 11 with which the holding forces of the brake calipers are recorded.
The holding effect of the cabin brake device is achieved in that the compression spring 10 spreads the drive levers of the brake calipers 6 which can be pivoted about the brake caliper joint bolts 5 via the toggle lever mechanism 8 and thus presses the brake-side lever thereof with the brake pads 7 against the running surface of the guide rail. The toggle lever mechanism greatly increases the spring force. The drawn position of the cabin brake device corresponds to the state in which it holds the cabin frictionally on the guide rails 2. The cabin brake device is released in that the controllable lifting mechanism 9 overcomes the biasing force of the compression spring 10, brings the toggle lever mechanism 8 into a bent position, thereby relieving the brake calipers 6 and moving the brake pads at a sufficient distance from the guide rail 2. Not shown is a device which enables the effective length of the extended toggle levers to be adjusted by means of screws.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen Vertikalschnitt durch die Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtung 1. Dargestellt sind die Kabinenführungsschiene 2, die Grundplatte 12 und die Deckplatte 13 des Gehäuses 3, der Bremszangen-Support 4 mit den Bremszangengelenkbolzen 5, die Bremszange 6 mit Bremszangennabe 6.1 und Bremsbelagträger 6.2, ein Querschnitt durch den Kniehebelmechanismus 8 sowie der Hubmechanismus 9 und die Druckfeder 1o.
Erkennbar ist hier die Wirkungsweise der Erfassung der Haltekräfte an der erfindungsgemässen Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtung. Vertikal gerichtete Haltekräfte an den Bremsbelagträgern 6.2 erzeugen über die bremsseitigen Hebelarme der Bremszangen 6 und die Bremszangengelenkbolzen 5 ein Biegemoment auf den Vertikalteil 4.1 des Bremszangensupports 4, das in diesem Zug- und Druckspannungen erzeugt, die im Wesentlichen proportional zu den auftretenden Haltekräften sind. Eine Auswerteelektronik detektiert diese Spannungen mit Hilfe von Metalloder Halbleiterdehnungsmessstreifen 11, die in geeigneter Weise auf dem erwähnten Vertikalteil 4.1 des Bremszangensupports 4 angebracht sind und Komponenten einer elektrischen Brückenschaltung bilden. Es ist für den Fachmann leicht zu erkennen, dass mit dieser Einrichtung einerseits ein vorzeichenrichtiger Wert für in Auf- oder Abwärtsrichtung anliegende Haltekräfte ermittelt werden kann, der der Steuerung und dem Antriebsregler als Information über die vorhandene Nutzlast dient. Andererseits kann aber auch durch Detektierung des Nullabgleichs der Brückenschaltung sehr genau festgestellt werden, wenn keine vertikalen Haltekräfte mehr an der geschlossenen Bremszange vorhanden sind und somit die Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtung ohne Generierung eines Rucks geöffnet werden kann.2 shows a vertical section through the cabin brake device 1. The cabin guide rail 2, the base plate 12 and the cover plate 13 of the housing 3, the brake caliper support 4 with the brake caliper joint bolts 5, the brake caliper 6 with brake caliper hub 6.1 and brake pad carrier 6.2 are shown. a cross section through the toggle mechanism 8 and the lifting mechanism 9 and the compression spring 1o.
The mode of action of the detection of the holding forces on the cabin brake device according to the invention can be seen here. Vertically directed holding forces on the brake pad carriers 6.2 generate a bending moment on the vertical part 4.1 of the brake caliper support 4 via the brake-side lever arms of the brake calipers 6 and the brake caliper joint bolts 5, which generates tensile and compressive stresses in this area which are essentially proportional to the holding forces that occur. An electronic evaluation system detects these voltages with the help of metal or semiconductor strain gauges 11, which are attached in a suitable manner to the mentioned vertical part 4.1 of the brake caliper support 4 and form components of an electrical bridge circuit. It is easy for the person skilled in the art to recognize that with this device, on the one hand, a correct value for holding forces applied in the upward or downward direction can be determined, which serves the control and the drive controller as information about the existing payload. On the other hand, it can also be determined very precisely by detecting the zero adjustment of the bridge circuit if there are no more vertical holding forces on the closed brake caliper and the cabin brake device can thus be opened without generating a jerk.

In Fig. 3 ist eine Alternativlösung zur oben beschriebenen Methode der Erfassung der an der Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtung anliegenden Haltekräfte dargestellt. Mit 18 sind Piezoelektrische Drucksensoren und mit 18.1 ihre Anschlusskabel bezeichnet. Das Gehäuse 3 enthält hier einen mit ihm fest verbundenen metallischen Führungsträger 14, der zwei plattenförmige Ausleger 15 aufweist, die je zwei Bohrungen 16 enthalten, welche als spielfreie Führungen für die Bremszangengelenkbolzen 5 dienen. Die Ausleger 15 wirken als Parallelogrammführung für diese Bolzen, die einerseits mittels eines Querstifts 17 fest mit der Bremszangennabe 6.1 der Bremszange 6 verbunden und andererseits achsial über Piezoelektrische Drucksensoren 18 gegen die Grundplatte 12 und die Deckplatte 13 abgestützt sind. Liegen nun vertikale Haltekräfte an den Bremsbelagträgern 6.2 an, so werden diese durch parallele, entgegengesetzt wirkende Stützkräfte von Grund- oder Deckplatte über die Drucksensoren 18 auf die Bremszangengelenkbolzen 5 kompensiert. Das aus diesen beiden Kräften resultierende Moment an den Bremszangengelenkbolzen wird durch horizontale Stützkräfte zwischen den Auslegern 15 und diesen Bolzen aufgefangen. Somit werden ausschliesslich den Haltekräften entsprechende Vertikalkomponenten auf die Piezoelektrischen Drucksensoren 18 übertragen. Eine elektronische Schaltung wertet deren druckabhängige elektrische Eigenschaften aus und erzeugt die gewünschte Information für die Aufzugsteuerung und den Antriebsregler.3 shows an alternative solution to that described above Method of detection on the cabin brake device adjacent holding forces shown. At 18 are piezoelectric Pressure sensors and with 18.1 their connecting cables. The housing 3 contains one with it here connected metallic guide carrier 14, the two plate-shaped Boom 15 has two bores 16 each, which as play-free guides for the brake caliper joint bolts 5 serve. The arms 15 act as a parallelogram guide for these bolts, which are Cross pin 17 fixed to the brake caliper hub 6.1 of the brake caliper 6 connected and on the other hand axially via piezoelectric Pressure sensors 18 against the base plate 12 and the cover plate 13 are supported. Now there are vertical holding forces on the Brake pad carriers 6.2, they are replaced by parallel, opposing supporting forces from the base or cover plate via the pressure sensors 18 to the brake caliper joint bolts 5 compensated. The result of these two forces Moment on the brake caliper pivot pin is indicated by horizontal Support forces between the boom 15 and this Bolt caught. Thus, only the holding forces corresponding vertical components on the piezoelectric Transfer pressure sensors 18. An electronic one Circuit evaluates their pressure-dependent electrical properties and generates the desired information for the elevator control and the drive controller.

Fig. 4 zeigt Anwendung und Einbau einer erfindungsgemässen Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtung in einer üblichen Aufzugsanlage. Dargestellt sind ein Aufzugschacht 20 mit darin installierten Kabinen-Führungsschienen 2, ein Maschinenraum 21, enthaltend eine Antriebseinheit 22 mit Treibscheibe 23, eine Aufzugkabine 24 mit Kabinenrahmen 25, ein Ausgleichsgewicht 26 sowie Tragmittel 27, welche die Kabine und das Ausgleichsgewicht miteinander verbinden und tragen und ihrerseits durch die Treibscheibe 23 angetrieben sind.
Am Kabinenrahmen 25 angebracht sind Rollenführungseinheiten 28 zur Führung der Kabine 24 an den Kabinenführungsschienen 2, Sicherheits-Fangvorrichtungen 29 sowie die erfindungsgemässen Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtungen 1. Diese Komponenten sind so gestaltet, dass sie über geeignete Verbindungsteile sandwichartig untereinander und mit dem Kabinenrahmen verflanscht werden können. Mit dieser Technik können im Falle von sehr schweren Kabinen auch zwei oder mehrere Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtungen untereinander montiert werden.Fig. 4 shows the application and installation of a car brake device according to the invention in a conventional elevator system. Shown are an elevator shaft 20 with car guide rails 2 installed therein, a machine room 21 containing a drive unit 22 with traction sheave 23, an elevator car 24 with car frame 25, a counterweight 26 and suspension means 27 which connect and support the car and the counterweight and are in turn driven by the traction sheave 23.
Attached to the cabin frame 25 are roller guide units 28 for guiding the cabin 24 on the cabin guide rails 2, safety catch devices 29 and the cabin braking devices 1 according to the invention. These components are designed in such a way that they can be flanged to one another and to the cabin frame by means of suitable connecting parts. With this technology, in the case of very heavy cabins, two or more cabin braking devices can also be installed one below the other.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine bevorzugte Anordnung von zwei Kabinen-Bremsvorrichtungen 1, bei welcher eine gemeinsame Druckfeder 30 über eine Verbindungsstange 32 und die Kniehebelmechanismen 8 beide Bremsvorrichtungen betätigt und ein gemeinsamer, am Kabinenrahmen befestigter Hubmechanismus 31 diese gegen die Druckfeder 30 löst, wodurch synchrone Funktion gewährleistet und einseitiges Bremsen ausgeschlossen wird.5 shows a preferred arrangement of two cabin braking devices 1, in which a common compression spring 30 via a connecting rod 32 and the toggle mechanisms 8 both braking devices are actuated and a common, on the cabin frame attached lifting mechanism 31 against this the compression spring 30 releases, which ensures synchronous function and one-sided braking is excluded.

Claims (9)

  1. Device for vertical conveyance of persons or freight containing at least one drive unit (22), which is regulated in relation to torque and rotational speed, and a load pickup means (24), which is guided by guiderails (2), the load pickup means having a controllable braking device (1) which while the load pickup means is stationary holds the load pickup means (24) fast on the guiderails (2) by means of frictional contact and on occurrence of a corresponding control command releases this frictional contact,
    characterized in that
    hoisting of the load pickup means (24) is effected by elastic suspension means (27) and the braking device (1) attached to the load pickup means contains sensors (11, 18) to detect the vertically directed holding forces which occur.
  2. Device according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the sensors (11, 18) integrated in the braking device (1) attached to the load pickup means (24) detect the vertically directed holding forces which occur in upward and downward direction.
  3. Device according to Claims 1 and 2,
    characterized in that
    the vertically directed holding forces are detected by measuring the elastic deformations caused by them of components of the braking device (1) which is attached to the load pickup means (24), or by piezoelectric force sensors (18) located at suitable positions in the flow of force between the point of braking and the load pickup means (24).
  4. Device according to one or more of the foregoing claims, characterized in that
    it has brake arms (6) which are actuated by means of a stroke-imparting mechanism (9) (e.g. electromagnet, hydraulic cylinder, or spindle motor) via a toggle mechanism (8).
  5. Device according to one or more of the foregoing claims, characterized in that
    hoisting of the load pickup means is effected by suspension means (27) of synthetic fibers.
  6. Method of preventing vertical oscillations and vertical slippage of load pickup means in vertical conveyor facilities while they are stationary, the vertical conveyor facilities containing at least one drive unit (22) which can be regulated, and a load pickup means (24) with a braking device (1) attached to it, and this load pickup means being guided by guiderails (2),
    characterized in that
    hoisting of the load pickup means (24) is effected by elastic suspension means (27), and that while stationary, the load pickup means (24) is held fast on its guiderails (2) by means of the braking device (1) attached to the load pickup means (24), and sensors integrated in this braking device (1) communicate the magnitude and direction of the vertically directed holding forces to a drive regulator.
  7. Method according to Claim 6,
    characterized in that
    before travel continues, a drive regulator uses the magnitude and direction of the vertically directed holding forces communicated by the sensors to adjust the torque on the traction sheave of the drive unit, and thereby the tensile force in the suspension means (27) on the side of the load pickup means (24), so that the braking device (1) attached to the load pickup means can be deactivated without being under load.
  8. Method according to Claims 6 and 7,
    characterized in that
    in a vertical conveyor facility having a drive unit (22) without holding-brake the aforementioned adjustment of tensile force in the suspension means (27) on the side of the load pickup means (24) before travel continues takes place in such a manner that the regulated drive unit applies to the traction sheave (23) a varying torque, whose direction depends on the sign of the holding force of the braking device (1) attached to the load pickup means detected by the sensors (11, 18), and thereby develops a varying tensile force in the aforementioned suspension means (27) until a measuring bridge formed by the sensors is in balance, i.e. the holding force on the braking device (1) which is attached to the load pickup means is zero, upon which this braking device (1) is deactivated and the drive unit (22) accelerates the car (24) in the direction of its destination.
  9. Method according to Claims 6 and 7,
    characterized in that
    in a vertical conveyor facility having a drive unit (22) with holding-brake, the aforementioned adjustment of tensile force in the suspension means (27) on the side of the load pickup means before travel continues takes place in such a manner that, with the drive holding-brake still activated, the regulated drive unit (22) first develops a torque corresponding to the load status detected before stopping at the landing, the drive holding-brake is then opened, and with the braking device (1) attached to the load pickup means still active, the regulated drive unit then applies to the traction sheave an increasing or decreasing torque, whose direction depends on the sign of the holding force of the braking device (1) attached to the load pickup means detected by the sensors (11, 18), until a measuring bridge formed by the sensors is in balance, i.e. the holding force on the braking device (1) attached to the load pickup means is zero, upon which this braking device (1) is deactivated and the drive unit (22) accelerates the load pickup means (24) in the direction of its destination.
EP00112866A 1999-06-25 2000-06-19 Device and method for avoiding vertical slippage and oscillations in load pick up means of conveyor facilities Expired - Lifetime EP1067084B1 (en)

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EP99810561 1999-06-25
EP99810561 1999-06-25
EP00112866A EP1067084B1 (en) 1999-06-25 2000-06-19 Device and method for avoiding vertical slippage and oscillations in load pick up means of conveyor facilities

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IL136785A0 (en) 2001-06-14
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ATE284365T1 (en) 2004-12-15
JP2001019292A (en) 2001-01-23
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NZ505401A (en) 2001-11-30
CA2312595C (en) 2007-12-18
TW553884B (en) 2003-09-21
AU4264900A (en) 2001-01-04
CN1279208A (en) 2001-01-10
SG85192A1 (en) 2001-12-19
DE50008884D1 (en) 2005-01-13
ES2233245T3 (en) 2005-06-16
BR0002873A (en) 2001-01-30
AR024471A1 (en) 2002-10-02
DK1067084T3 (en) 2005-03-21
EP1067084A8 (en) 2001-03-14
HK1034237A1 (en) 2001-10-19
ZA200003091B (en) 2001-01-17
KR20010007506A (en) 2001-01-26
CA2312595A1 (en) 2000-12-25
CN1157323C (en) 2004-07-14
PT1067084E (en) 2005-04-29

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