EP1063364B1 - Insulating wall - Google Patents

Abstract

An insulating wall has insulation in a cavity between parallel internal and external insulating layers. Ties bridge the cavity to connect the layers. The whole wall is less than 40 cm thick and each layer is ≥ 4 cm thick. Each cubic meter of the layers includes ≥ 250 kg of cement, ≥ 250 l of air trapped in particles of insulating material, an agent causing the cement to coat the particles and water so the water cement ratio is 0.2 - 0.5. Independent claims are included for the following: (a) The above wall where the amount of additive ≥ 0.4% the wt of concrete or ≥ 0.8 l/m<3> of the mixture. (b) Making a wall as above by casting the inner and outer layers and then pouring the insulation into the cavity. Preferred Features: The insulation may be glass coated beads or porous volcanic rock.

Description

The invention relates to an insulating wall intended to intervene in the construction of a building, for example a dwelling or similar, and having an internal wall as well as a wall external, especially oriented inwards and outwards the exterior of said building, said walls, on the one hand, being arranged opposite one another and in a substantially parallel and, on the other hand, being interconnected by through connecting means and, on the other hand, defining a spacing.

The present invention relates to the building sector and, more particularly that of the manufacture of insulating walls., in particular those defined from pre-walls intended, after their realization, to be transported in order to be installed on the construction site of a building.

We already know insulating walls corresponding to the description above. In fact, such walls arise in the form of two walls made of traditional concrete and connected to each other by a metallic type frame. These two walls delimit, between them, a spacing that it is usual to fill with an insulating material, in particular a hydraulic mixture based on concrete containing polystyrene, in order to give said wall insulating properties.

In this connection, it will be noted that, in such a case and with a view to meet current insulation standards, it is necessary to design walls whose thickness is at least 40 cm. A such wall thickness results in spacing relatively large between the walls which requires, for filling this gap a significant amount of insulating material. The latter, consisting of a mixture hydraulic developed from concrete and generally containing polystyrene or the like is relatively expensive.

A solution to reduce the thickness of such a wall, while in it conferring a coefficient of thermal insulation satisfying current standards, consists of completing this wall, internally and / or externally, by an insulating lining wall. Such embodiment has, in fact, the disadvantage of having, on the one hand, to manufacture and, on the other, to set up such lining wall which obviously lengthens the duration of mounting of the wall and causes an additional cost in its manufacture.

Another drawback appears when it comes to ensuring the mounting a piece of furniture or the like against such a wall. Such mounting requires the installation of a fixing member such that a screw or the like intended to cooperate with a dowel or another introduced into an opening made at the level of the wall. The realization of such an orifice at the level of a concrete pre-wall traditional is particularly tedious and requires appropriate professional-type tools.

It is known, through document FR-2,555,633, on the one hand, light insulating concrete moldings and, on the other hand, a manufacturing process for these parts. Such parts are defined by a light internal mass covered with a layer external, armed with fibers. The manufacturing process for these pieces consists, first of all, of making a first mixture hydraulic kneaded then projected, in particular using a pump pneumatic, on the walls of a mold. At the same time, it is provided the projection of cut fibers to define the layer which is then rolled and compressed. AT inside the mold coated with said outer layer, it is introduces an insulating concrete paste defined by a second hydraulic mixture whose composition is different from that of the first hydraulic mixture. This insulating concrete paste constitutes an internal layer over which one projects a new outer layer.

Through document GB-1.298.594, an element of construction adopting the form of two panels, braced at using transverse rods, and defined based on either fibers of wood bound with a cement, or foam plastics, either plaster, chips or wood fibers, or a laminated synthetic material. The two panels of such a building element constitute a formwork and define, between them, a spacing capable of being filled using either concrete when building a wall carrier, either of a foam of a synthetic material when we want to define an insulating wall.

EP-0.922.816 relates to a building element defined from two spaced and interconnected walls through a frame. These two walls are made in traditional concrete and the spacing between them is intended to be filled with an insulating material. The realization of such construction element consists of placing a reinforcement in a mold and pour in it a traditional concrete intended to define a first wall. This first wall as well as said armature are returned so that the latter rests in a mold in which a traditional concrete is poured intended to define the second wall.

The present invention aims to provide a solution to these drawbacks through an insulating design wall news.

• au moins 250 kg de ciment ;
• au moins 250 litres d'air piégé par l'intermédiaire de particules d'un matériau isolant ;
• un adjuvant, d'une part, apte à enrober lesdites particules de matériau isolant et, d'autre part, dont la masse est, par rapport à celle du ciment, au moins égale à 0.4% ;
• de l'eau en quantité telle que le rapport, en masse, eau/ciment est compris entre 0.2 et 0.5.

Thus, the present invention relates to an insulating wall intended to intervene in the construction of a building, for example a dwelling or the like, and comprising an internal wall as well as an external wall, in particular oriented inwards and outwards. of said building, said walls, on the one hand, being arranged facing one another and in a substantially parallel manner and, on the other hand, being connected to each other by means of connection means, and, d on the other hand, defining a spacing, characterized in that, on the one hand, said wall has a thickness of less than 40 cm and, on the other hand, that said internal and external walls each have a thickness of at least 4 cm and are obtained from a hydraulic mixture which, on the one hand, has a composition similar to that of an insulating material intended to fill, in particular by casting, said spacing between the internal and external walls and, money Austria e part, contains, per m ³ :

• at least 250 kg of cement;
• at least 250 liters of air trapped through particles of insulating material;
• an adjuvant, on the one hand, capable of coating said particles of insulating material and, on the other hand, whose mass is, relative to that of the cement, at least equal to 0.4%;
• water in quantity such that the ratio, by mass, water / cement is between 0.2 and 0.5.

According to an additional characteristic, said particles of insulating material are full type and are defined in a expanded type synthetic material, especially polystyrene or other, for example in the form of beads.

However, such particles can, again, be of the type hollow and be delimited by a glass envelope, in synthetic or other material, said envelope being, by example, spherical in shape.

According to another characteristic, said particles are defined in a porous material of the volcanic rock type or similar.

• au moins 250 kg de ciment ;
• des inclusions de bulles d'air représentant un volume total d'air d'au moins 250 litres ;
• un adjuvant, d'une part, apte, lors de la réalisation dudit mélange, à entraíner de l'air dans ce dernier pour la création desdites inclusions et, d'autre part, dont le volume est d'au moins 0.8 litre par m³ de mélange hydraulique ;
• de l'eau en quantité telle que le rapport, en masse, eau/ciment est compris entre 0.2 et 0.5.

The invention also relates to an insulating wall intended to intervene in the construction of a building, for example a dwelling or the like, and comprising an internal wall as well as an external wall, in particular oriented inwards and outwards. exterior of said building, said walls, on the one hand, being arranged facing one another and in a substantially parallel manner and, on the other hand, being connected to each other by means of connection means, and, on the other hand, defining a spacing, characterized in that, on the one hand, said wall has a thickness of less than 40 cm and, on the other hand, that said internal and external walls each have a thickness d '' at least 4 cm and are obtained from a hydraulic mixture which, on the one hand, has a composition similar to that of an insulating material intended to fill, in particular by pouring, said spacing between the internal and external walls and , On the other hand t, contains, per m ³ :

• at least 250 kg of cement;
• inclusions of air bubbles representing a total volume of air of at least 250 liters;
• an adjuvant, on the one hand, capable, during the production of said mixture, of entraining air in the latter for the creation of said inclusions and, on the other hand, whose volume is at least 0.8 liters per m ³ of hydraulic mixing;
• water in quantity such that the ratio, by mass, water / cement is between 0.2 and 0.5.

According to an additional characteristic, the water intended to be incorporated into the hydraulic mixture is previously refrigerated and is preferably frozen, at least in part.

According to an additional characteristic, the cement can be combined with a filling material consisting of fine silica-based particles, such as slag, ash, smoke or combustion by-products.

In fact, the mass of this filling material added corresponds to a percentage of 30 to 60% of the mass of cement in the hydraulic mixture.

Another particular feature relates to the fact that the mixture also comprises metallic type fibers and / or glass fibers in respective amounts of at least 25 kg / m ³ and 5 kg / m ³ .

An additional characteristic concerns the fact that the mixture also contains an amount of sand of the order of 10 to 20 kg / m ³ .

• l'on introduit, dans un mélangeur, un ciment auquel on incorpore une eau contenant un adjuvant qui, selon le cas, définit des inclusions de bulles d'air ou vient en complément de particules d'un matériau de type isolant ;
• avant l'introduction du ciment dans le mélangeur, l'on introduit dans ce dernier, le cas échéant, lesdites particules de matériau isolant puis du sable et, ensuite, un matériau de remplissage ;
• l'on rajoute au ciment, avant l'incorporation de l'eau et de l'adjuvant, et, le cas échéant, des fibres de renfort ;
• l'on assure le mélangeage de ce premier mélange hydraulique obtenu avant de le couler dans un moule ;
• l'on dispose dans ce moule, avant ou après la coulée, les moyens de liaison ;
• l'on assure le séchage dudit premier mélange hydraulique en vue de définir, selon le cas, une paroi externe ou interne du mur ;
• l'on réalise un second mélange hydraulique, de manière similaire au premier et de même composition, destiné à définir, après séchage, selon le cas, une paroi interne ou externe ;
• l'on coule ce second mélange hydraulique dans un moule ;
• l'on procède au retournement de la paroi externe ou interne obtenue à partir du premier mélange hydraulique et l'on assure, en partie, l'immersion de ses moyens de liaison dans le second mélange hydraulique ;
• l'on procède au séchage dudit second mélange hydraulique ;
• l'on remplit, ultérieurement et notamment par coulage, l'espacement entre les parois interne et externe par un matériau isolant de composition similaire audit mélange hydraulique.

The present invention also relates to a method of manufacturing an insulating wall, method by which:

• a cement is introduced into a mixer, to which a water containing an adjuvant is incorporated, which, as the case may be, defines inclusions of air bubbles or complements particles of an insulating material;
• before the cement is introduced into the mixer, said particles of insulating material are then introduced into the latter, if necessary, followed by sand and then a filling material;
• is added to the cement, before the incorporation of water and the adjuvant, and, if necessary, reinforcing fibers;
• this first hydraulic mixture obtained is mixed before it is poured into a mold;
• there are in this mold, before or after casting, the connecting means;
• drying said first hydraulic mixture to define, as appropriate, an external or internal wall of the wall;
• a second hydraulic mixture is produced, similarly to the first and of the same composition, intended to define, after drying, as the case may be, an internal or external wall;
• this second hydraulic mixture is poured into a mold;
• the external or internal wall obtained from the first hydraulic mixture is turned over and part of the connection means is immersed in the second hydraulic mixture;
• drying of said second hydraulic mixture is carried out;
• the space between the internal and external walls is subsequently filled, in particular by pouring, with an insulating material of composition similar to said hydraulic mixture.

According to an additional characteristic, the water added to the cement is previously refrigerated and is preferably icy, at least in part.

It will be noted that the drying of at least one of said mixtures hydraulics is carried out in an oven at least 35 ° C, preferably 40 ° C, for a period longer than 6 hours, preferably at least 8 hours.

The present invention makes it possible, in fact, to constitute, in particular in the factory, an insulating pre-wall defined by two walls, made at base of a specific insulating hydraulic mixture, spaced and connected by connecting means. This pre-wall is likely to be routed to site where the spacing between the two walls is filled with an insulating material with a composition similar to that hydraulic mixture.

In this regard, it will be observed that the composition of this mixture hydraulic allows, advantageously, to constitute a pre-wall of weight significantly lower than that of a traditional pre-wall obtained from solid concrete. Manufacturing, handling, transport and installation on site of such a pre-wall are, therefore, notably facilitated.

The composition of this hydraulic mixture allows, again and advantageous way, to produce an insulating wall satisfying the insulation standards in force and having a thickness significantly lower than that of a wall obtained, so traditional, from a full and filled concrete pre-wall insulating material.

Thus, the present invention advantageously makes it possible to obtain a new insulating wall with a thickness less than the insulating walls of the state of the art which allows a substantial gain in living area, this for an identical floor area of building.

In addition, the fact of making an insulating wall of reduced thickness allows, on the one hand, to achieve a gain substantial in raw material and, on the other hand, to reduce appreciably the weight of an insulating wall compared to that of a traditional insulating wall.

It follows that the load imposed by such an insulating wall on the foundations of a building is, therefore, reduced which is of substantial interest for constructions carried out on sensitive terrain.

It should also be noted that this new insulating wall is made from a hydraulic mixture based on concrete and meets the standards of rigidity in force so that it is possible to have several of these insulating walls one at a above each other so as to define a building with several floors.

The fact that the walls and the filling of their spacing are made from an insulating material avoids, advantageously, to have recourse to the establishment of at least an insulating and expensive lining wall, after having erected the wall. It is therefore possible, in particular after having conferred said wall has an appropriate external appearance during its manufacture, to carry out, directly and without prior preparation, the application of a tapestry or other coating on a such a wall.

It will also be noted that the fact of incorporating a material insulation in said walls advantageously makes it possible to lower the compactness, density and hardness of such a wall compared to a traditional concrete pre-wall. This greatly facilitates interventions on this new insulating wall, in particular when it comes to making a bloodletting or drilling a orifice intended to receive a fixing member or the like.

In addition, the manufacture of such a pre-wall involves a adjuvant whose functions, quantities and conditions incorporation in the hydraulic mixture, allow control the segregation of the latter so that the structure of the wall, after drying, remains uniform both in terms of walls between them.

It will also be noted that the use of ice water and / or compliance with a precise drying cycle for the mixture and / or the use of fibers advantageously makes it possible to reduce the shrinkage of the material and therefore decrease or even remove the cracking phenomenon.

• la figure 1 est une vue schématisée et en perspective d'un mur isolant selon l'invention ;
• la figure 2 est une vue schématisée et en détail d'une paroi d'un tel mur en contact avec un matériau isolant remplissant l'espacement entre deux parois.

The invention is set out in more detail in the description which follows relating to an embodiment given by way of example and illustrated in the figures of the appended drawing in which:

• Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of an insulating wall according to the invention;
• Figure 2 is a schematic view in detail of a wall of such a wall in contact with an insulating material filling the space between two walls.

The present invention relates to the field of the manufacture of insulating walls intended to be installed on the site of the construction of a building or the like, in particular of a dwelling.

If, in the following description, it will be more in particular, mentions an external type wall intended for demarcate, externally, such a building, the present invention is in no way limited thereto and also relates to a internal type wall, placed inside said building, and able to define, as the case may be, a load-bearing wall or a partition separation.

As visible in Figure 1 of the attached drawing, such a wall 1 has a certain thickness 2 and generally comprises two walls 3, 4 including an internal wall 3 and an external wall 4 which, for example with reference to an external type 1 wall, are oriented inward and outward, respectively of said building.

Said internal 3 and external 4 walls are arranged opposite one another and in a substantially parallel manner. These two walls 3, 4 each have a certain thickness 5, 6 and are arranged at a distance 7 from one another so as to define a spacing 8 between them.
In this spacing 8 extend connecting means 9 able to connect said walls 3, 4 to each other.

According to a first characteristic of the present invention, said wall 1 has a thickness 2 of less than 40 cm.

In such a case, said internal 3 and external 4 walls each have a thickness 5, 6 of between 4 cm and 10 cm knowing that good results are obtained for a thickness 5, 6 of 6 cm.

• au moins 250 kg de ciment ;
• au moins 250 litres d'air piégé par l'intermédiaire de particules 10 d'un matériau isolant ;
• un adjuvant apte à enrober lesdites particules 10 de matériau isolant et dont la masse est, par rapport à celle du ciment, au moins égale à 0.4% ;
• de l'eau en quantité telle que le rapport, en masse, eau/ciment est compris entre 0.2 et 0.5.

According to a first embodiment of the present invention, these walls 3, 4 are of the insulating type and are obtained from a hydraulic mixture which, per m ³ , contains:

• at least 250 kg of cement;
• at least 250 liters of air trapped via particles 10 of an insulating material;
• an adjuvant capable of coating said particles 10 with insulating material and whose mass is, relative to that of the cement, at least equal to 0.4%;
• water in quantity such that the ratio, by mass, water / cement is between 0.2 and 0.5.

As regards said particles 10 of insulating material, these can, according to a first solution, be defined by particles of solid types. These last are then made of a synthetic material of the type expanded, in particular polystyrene or other, and adopt, by example, the shape of beads.

Another solution consists in incorporating, in said mixture hydraulic, particles 10 of insulating material adopting the form of hollow particles. These are delimited by a glass, synthetic or other material envelope, this envelope being, for example, spherical in shape.

Finally, a final solution is to use particles 10 defined in a porous material of the rock type volcanic or the like.

In fact, if the minimum volume of air trapped via said insulating particles 10 is 250 l / m ³ , the maximum volume of air trapped is of the order of 900 l / m ³ knowing that good results are obtained for 800 l / m ³ .

It should be noted that it is already known to incorporate insulating particles, in particular in the form of polystyrene beads, in a cement-water mixture. In fact, in this state of the art and during such incorporation, the cement grains are arranged in strings connected, at one of their ends, to a particle and moving away from the latter. The presence of these rosaries causes repulsion of insulating particles which ultimately translated by a phenomenon of segregation of the mixture hydraulic.

In order to remedy this problem, it is incorporated into the mixture hydraulic, an adjuvant capable of coating said particles 10 of insulating material. The presence of this adjuvant allows the cement slurry to coat, homogeneously, said insulating particles 10 and create an arch effect suitable for prevent, or at least significantly reduce, the phenomenon of repulsion between particles 10. This makes it possible to remedy the phenomenon of segregation of the hydraulic mixture.

In addition, the presence of such an adjuvant significantly improves, the rheology of the hydraulic mixture which facilitates, on the one hand, the mixing of the latter and, on the other hand, its implementation, especially during molding.

In addition, it will be noted that the fact of adding an adjuvant of this type advantageously increases the resistance of the mixture and, consequently, that of the wall defined later.

In fact, the mass of this adjuvant, compared to that of cement is, on the one hand, at least equal to 0.4% and, on the other hand, less than 1%, knowing that good results are obtained for 0.8%.

• au moins 250 kg de ciment ;
• des inclusions de bulles d'air représentant un volume total d'air d'au moins 250 litres ;
• un adjuvant, d'une part, apte, lors de son incorporation dans ledit mélange hydraulique, à entraíner de l'air dans ce dernier pour la création desdites inclusions et, d'autre part, dont le volume est d'au moins 0.8 litre par m³ de mélange hydraulique ;
• de l'eau en quantité telle que le rapport, en masse, eau/ciment est compris entre 0.2 et 0.5.

According to a second embodiment of the present invention, said insulating walls 3, 4 are obtained from a hydraulic mixture which, per m ³ , contains:

• at least 250 kg of cement;
• inclusions of air bubbles representing a total volume of air of at least 250 liters;
• an adjuvant, on the one hand, capable, when incorporated into said hydraulic mixture, of entraining air in the latter for the creation of said inclusions and, on the other hand, whose volume is at least 0.8 liters per m ³ of hydraulic mixture;
• water in quantity such that the ratio, by mass, water / cement is between 0.2 and 0.5.

In the latter case, the insulating nature of the hydraulic mixture it is conferred by the presence of inclusions of air bubbles.

In general and regardless of the embodiment considered, it should be noted that adding water to cement triggers the hydraulic reaction which causes an increase in the temperature of the hydraulic mixture. knowing that this mixture is of the insulating type, the heat given off by the hydraulic reaction is particularly difficult to evacuate this which can be detrimental to the quality of said mixture and to that of the wall subsequently obtained.

In order to remedy these drawbacks and according to another particularity of the present invention, the water intended to be incorporated in the hydraulic mixture is, beforehand, refrigerated. In fact and according to a preferred embodiment, said water is frozen, at least in part.

As mentioned above, the hydraulic mixture contains cement, the presence of which is ensured, either individually, either in combination with a filling material 11, usually called "filler". Such a filling material It is, in fact, constituted by fine particles based on silica, such as slag, ash, smoke or combustion by-products.

In this regard, it will be observed that, in the absence of filling material 11, it is necessary to incorporate at least 350 kg of cement, preferably 600 kg, per m ³ of hydraulic mixture.

However, when combining a filler 11 with such a cement, it is necessary that the mass of this filling material 11 added corresponds to a percentage 30 to 60% of the mass of cement in the mixture, knowing that good results are obtained when the mass of the cement is equal to three times that of the filling material 11.

In such a case, the presence of cement must be ensured up to at least 250 kg / m ³ knowing that good results are obtained for 450 kg / m ³ of cement and 150 kg / m ³ of filling material 11.
Thus, the presence of such a filling material 11 advantageously makes it possible to reduce the quantity of cement necessary for the preparation of the hydraulic mixture and, consequently, to lower the cost price of the latter.

In addition to these advantages, the incorporation of such a material filling 11 allows, still, a better control of the heating of the hydraulic mixture and facilitates the work of the latter.

Another characteristic of the present invention relates to the the fact that the hydraulic mixture can be supplemented with fibers, more particularly of the reinforcing fiber type 12.

In this regard, use may be made of metallic fibers, the presence of which is guaranteed up to at least 25 kg / m ^3, knowing that good results are obtained for 35 to 60 kg / m ³ .

It will be observed that these metallic fibers have, preferably between 20 and 70 mm in length and their diameter is around 0.8 mm.

It is also possible to use at least 5 kg / m ³ of glass fibers, knowing that 8 to 10 kg / m ³ of the latter allow good results to be obtained.

Obviously, a mixture of these two types of fibers, glass and metal, is also possible.

The addition of such fibers makes it possible, on the one hand, to control the shrinkage phenomenon of the hydraulic mixture during drying and, on the other hand, to reinforce the mechanical strength of the wall 1.

According to another particular feature, the hydraulic mixture is added with sand capable of increasing, on the one hand, its density and, on the other hand, the resistance of wall 1.

This sand is added at a height of 10 to 20 kg / m ³ knowing that good results are obtained for about 15 kg / m ³ .

As mentioned above, the insulating wall 1, comprising two walls 3, 4 interconnected and obtained from a hydraulic mixture described above, can define a wall of internal type. In such a case, the latter can be implanted as is on the construction site of a building.

However, in the case of an external wall, usually of the type carrier, it is necessary to confer on the latter qualities insulation capable of meeting current standards.

For this purpose, after the installation on site of such a wall 1 external, it should be supplemented with a material insulator 13, disposed between said walls 3, 4, at the spacing 8 residing between them.

In fact, this spacing 8 is filled, in particular by casting, at using an insulating material 13 produced, at least, from cement, water, an adjuvant, the latter being, as the case may be, able to create inclusions of air bubbles or, if necessary, supplemented by particles 10 of an insulating material.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composition of this insulating material 13, that is to say the nature and the amount of its ingredients, is similar to the mixture hydraulic described above and capable of constituting said internal 3 and external 4 walls.

• au moins 250 kg de ciment ;
• au moins 250 litres d'air piégé ;
• un adjuvant dont, soit la masse est, par rapport à celle du ciment, au moins égale à 0.4%, soit le volume est d'au moins 0.8 litre par m³ de mélange hydraulique, cet adjuvant étant, le cas échéant, associé à des particules 10 en un matériau isolant et aptes à piéger de l'air;
• de l'eau en quantité telle que le rapport, en masse, eau/ciment est compris entre 0.2 et 0.5.

Thus, said insulating material 13 contains, per m ³ of hydraulic mixture:

• at least 250 kg of cement;
• at least 250 liters of trapped air;
• an adjuvant of which either the mass is, relative to that of the cement, at least equal to 0.4%, or the volume is at least 0.8 liters per m ³ of hydraulic mixture, this adjuvant being, where appropriate, associated with particles 10 made of an insulating material and capable of trapping air;
• water in quantity such that the ratio, by mass, water / cement is between 0.2 and 0.5.

The present invention also relates to a method of manufacture of such an insulating wall 1 consisting, in a first step, to introduce a cement in a mixer.

In a second step, water is added to this cement. containing an adjuvant.

According to a preferred embodiment, this water is, before its incorporation, refrigerated, even glazed, at least in part.

According to a first embodiment of the invention, said adjuvant is able to define inclusions of air bubbles in the hydraulic mixture, while, according to a second mode of realization, this adjuvant comes in addition to particles 10 of an insulating material.

It will be observed that, when the hydraulic mixture comprises such insulating particles 10, the latter are preferably introduced into the mixer before the cement.
In addition, when the hydraulic mixture contains sand, the latter is introduced into the mixer and, if necessary, added to insulating particles 10, before the introduction of the cement.

When this cement is completed with a filling material 11, the latter is introduced into the mixer before the cement and, if necessary, after sand and insulating particles 10.

Finally, the first hydraulic mixture thus obtained can further be added, where appropriate, reinforcing fibers 12, in particular glass fibers and / or fibers of the type metallic. These fibers 12 are preferably incorporated into the mixing after cement and before water.

This first hydraulic mixture is mixed before sinking the latter, during a third stage of the method according to the invention, in a mold.

It will be observed that, during these first stages of the process, the materials used are kept, constantly, under agitation or the like with a view, on the one hand, to ensuring the homogeneity of the hydraulic mixture and, on the other hand, delay taking it.

Before or after pouring said mixture into the mold, the means 9 are arranged in the latter. Note that, according to a particular embodiment, such means of link 9 are likely to define a frame capable of reinforce the wall 1. If necessary, said connecting means 9 can be completed with such a frame, the latter being placed in the mold before or after pouring the mixture hydraulic.

The first hydraulic mixture is then dried in order to define, as the case may be, an external wall 4 or internal wall 3 of the wall 1.
It will be observed that, according to a preferred embodiment, this drying takes place in an oven at least 35 ° C, preferably 40 ° C, for a period greater than 6 hours, preferably at least equal to 8 hours.

A second hydraulic mixture is also produced, so that similar to the first and of the same composition. This second mixture is intended to define, after drying, as the case may be, a internal wall 3 or external wall 4.

This second hydraulic mixture is, in fact, poured into a mold similar to that receiving the first hydraulic mixture.

One proceeds, after this second pouring, to the reversal of the external wall 4 or internal wall 3 obtained from the first mixture hydraulic and part of the immersion is ensured bond 9 associated with it in the second mixture hydraulic.

The second mixture is then dried. hydraulic, such drying can be carried out, as for first mixture, in an oven at least 35 ° C, preferably 40 ° C, for a period longer than 6 hours, preferably at less equal to 8 hours.

It will be observed that the different phases of the process described above can be completed at the factory.

After drying, the wall 1 thus obtained can either be stored, either be directly transported to a site.

After its installation on site, said wall 1, in particular when the latter is of the external type, can be completed by a insulating material 13. The latter is poured into the spacing 8 existing between the inner 3 and outer 4 walls, such insulating material 13 having a composition similar to the mixture hydraulics described above.

Claims (13)

1. Insulating wall for use in the erection of a building, for example a house or the like, and including an inner wall (3) as well as an outer wall (4), namely oriented towards the inner and towards the outer side of said building, said walls (3, 4) being, on the one hand, arranged opposite each other and substantially parallel to each other and, on the other hand, connected to each other through connecting means (9) and, furthermore, defining a gap (8), characterised in that, on the one hand, said wall (1) has a thickness (2) smaller than 40 cm and, on the other hand, said inner (3) and said outer wall (4) each have a thickness (5, 6) of at least 4 cm and are made out of a hydraulic mixture that, on the one hand, has a composition similar to that of an insulating material (13) filling, namely through casting, said gap (8) between the inner (3) and outer wall (4) and, on the other hand, contains, per m³:

   at least 250 kg cement;

   at least 250 litres air entrapped through particles (10) of an insulating material;

   an additive, on the one hand, capable of coating said particles (10) of an insulating material and, on the other hand, the mass of which, in comparison to that of the cement, is at least equal to 0.4% ;

   water in a quantity such that the water/cement mass ratio is between 0.2 and 0.5.
2. Insulating wall according to claim 1, characterised in that said particles (10) of an insulating material are plain particles and made out of an expanded synthetic material, namely polystyrene or the like, for example in the form of balls.
3. Insulating wall according to claim 1, characterised in that said particles (10) of an insulating material are hollow particles and delimited by a glass cover, for instance of a spherical shape.
4. Insulating wall according to claim 1, characterised in that said particles (10) of an insulating material are made of a porous material, such as volcanic stone or the like.
5. Insulating wall for use in the erection of a building, for example a house or the like, and including an inner wall (3) as well as an outer wall (4), namely oriented towards the inner and towards the outer side of said building, said walls (3, 4) being, on the one hand, arranged opposite each other and substantially parallel to each other and, on the other hand, connected to each other through connecting means (9) and, furthermore, defining a gap (8), characterised in that, on the one hand, said wall (1) has a thickness (2) smaller than 40 cm and, on the other hand, said inner (3) and said outer wall (4) each have a thickness (5, 6) of at least 4 cm and are made out of a hydraulic mixture that, on the one hand, has a composition similar to that of an insulating material (13) filling, namely through casting, said gap (8) between the inner (3) and outer wall (4) and, on the other hand, contains, per m³ :

   at least 250 kg cement;

   air-bubble inclusions representing a total air volume of at least 250 litres ;

   an additive, one the one hand, capable of bringing, during the preparation of said mixture, air into the latter, in order to bring about said inclusions and, on the other hand, the volume of which is at least 0,8 litre per m³ hydraulic mixture ;

   water in a quantity such that the water/cement mass ratio is between 0.2 and 0.5.
6. Insulating wall according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the water aimed at being incorporated into the hydraulic mixture is previously cooled and is, preferably, at least in part ice water.
7. Insulating wall according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cement can be combined with a filling material (11) formed of fine silica-containing particles, such as slag, ashes, combustion fumes or by-products.
8. Insulating wall according to claim 7, characterised in that the mass of the added filling material (11) corresponds to a percentage of 30 to 60% of the cement mass in the hydraulic mixture.
9. Insulating wall according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mixture includes reinforcing fibres (12), namely metallic fibres and/or fibreglass, in quantities of at least 25 kg/m³ and 5 kg/m³, respectively.
10. Insulating wall according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that the mixture contains a quantity of sand in the range of 10 to 20 kg/m³.
11. Process for producing an insulating wall according to any of the preceding claims, characterised in that:

    into a mixer is poured cement into which is incorporated water containing an additive that, as the case may be, defines air-bubble inclusions or completes the particles (10) of an insulating material ;

    prior to pouring the cement into the mixer, into the latter are poured, should the case arise, said particles (10) of an insulating material, then sand and then a filler ;

    to the cement are added, before incorporating the water and the additive and should the case arise, reinforcing fibres (12);

    mixing of this first hydraulic mixture obtained is ensured prior to pouring it into a mould ;

    the connecting means (9) are arranged in this mould, before or after the casting;

    drying of said first hydraulic mixture is ensured with a view to defining, as the case may be, an outer (4) or an inner wall (3) of the wall (1);

    a second hydraulic mixture is prepared in a way similar to the first one and with the same composition, aimed at defining upon drying, as the case may be, an inner (3) or an outer wall (4);

    this second hydraulic mixture is poured into a mould ;

    one proceeds to turning upside down the outer (4) or the inner wall (3) obtained from the first hydraulic mixture and the immersion of its connecting means (9) into the second hydraulic mixture is partly ensured ;

    one proceeds 10 drying said second hydraulic mixture;

    later on, the gap (8) between the inner (3) and the outer wall (4) is filled, namely through casting, with an insulating material (13) of a composition similar to said hydraulic mixture.
12. Process for producing an insulating wall according to claim 11, characterised in that the water added to the cement is previously cooled, this water being preferably at least in part ice water.
13. Process for producing an insulating wall according to any of claims 11 or 12, characterised in that the drying of at least one of said hydraulic mixtures is carried out in a stove at least at 35°C, preferably 40°C, for a period of more than 6 hours, preferably at least equal to 8 hours.

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