EP1055046B2 - Abstandhalterprofil für isolierscheibeneinheit - Google Patents

Abstandhalterprofil für isolierscheibeneinheit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1055046B2
EP1055046B2 EP99908747A EP99908747A EP1055046B2 EP 1055046 B2 EP1055046 B2 EP 1055046B2 EP 99908747 A EP99908747 A EP 99908747A EP 99908747 A EP99908747 A EP 99908747A EP 1055046 B2 EP1055046 B2 EP 1055046B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spacer section
spacer
section according
reinforcing elements
profile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP99908747A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1055046B1 (de
EP1055046A1 (de
Inventor
Erwin Brunnhofer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technoform Caprano and Brunnhofer GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Technoform Caprano and Brunnhofer GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=7857239&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP1055046(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Technoform Caprano and Brunnhofer GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Technoform Caprano and Brunnhofer GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1055046A1 publication Critical patent/EP1055046A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1055046B1 publication Critical patent/EP1055046B1/de
Publication of EP1055046B2 publication Critical patent/EP1055046B2/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B3/66314—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of tubular shape
    • E06B3/66319—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of tubular shape of rubber, plastics or similar materials
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B2003/6638—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit with coatings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/673—Assembling the units
    • E06B3/67304—Preparing rigid spacer members before assembly
    • E06B3/67308—Making spacer frames, e.g. by bending or assembling straight sections
    • E06B3/67313—Making spacer frames, e.g. by bending or assembling straight sections by bending

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spacer profile made of an elastically plastically deformable, poorly heat-conducting material for a spacer frame which is to be attached in the edge region of at least two spaced-apart panes, in particular transparent panes for insulating pan units, to form a pan space, the spacer profile comprising a chamber, which has in its walls a plastically deformable reinforcing element extending in the longitudinal direction of the profile, the spacer profile having a diffusion-tight layer extending essentially over its entire width and length.
  • Elastic-plastically deformable materials in the context of the invention means those materials in which after the bending process elastic restoring forces are effective, as is typically the case with plastics, wherein a part of the bend takes place via a plastic, non-reversible deformation.
  • Plastically deformable materials include those materials in which virtually no elastic return forces act after deformation, as is typically the case when bending metals beyond the yield point.
  • thermal conductivities are typically of the order of magnitude ⁇ 5 W / (m ⁇ K) and below, preferably less than 1 W / (m ⁇ K) and more preferably less than 0.3 W / (m ⁇ K).
  • the discs of the insulating unit are in the invention usually glass panes of inorganic or organic glass, but without the invention being limited thereto.
  • the disks may be coated or otherwise finished to impart special functions to the insulating unit, such as increased thermal insulation or sound insulation.
  • Spacer frames have as the most important task to keep discs of a disc unit at a distance, to ensure the mechanical strength of the unit and to protect the disc space from external influences.
  • insulating unit with high thermal insulation is to be noted that the heat transfer characteristic of the edge seal and thus the spacer profile from which the spacer frame is made, requires special attention.
  • a deterioration of the thermal insulation of a highly thermally insulating designed insulating unit in the edge region in particular by conventional metallic spacers has been repeatedly proven.
  • Plastic profiles also have the disadvantage that they can be bent only at great expense or not at all to produce one-piece spacer frame. In general, therefore, plastic profiles are cut into straight bars in the dimensions corresponding to the dimensions of the respective disc unit and connected by a plurality of corner joints with each other to a spacer space.
  • the DE-U-93 03 795 which was used for the wording of the preamble of claim 1, disclosed in the longitudinal direction of the profile extending reinforcing body, which are embedded exclusively in the writing space between the inner wall of the spacer profile. As a result, they should support the stability of the inner space facing the space between the panes, which is endangered by UV radiation and thermal expansion. The bending behavior of the prior art profile is not addressed in the document.
  • the profile should be cold bendable, in particular with conventional, possibly slightly modified conventional bending systems, so be flexible with at most low heating so that disturbing deformations do not occur.
  • the reinforcing elements only in the area made of poor thermal conductivity material side walls of the spacer profile are arranged and thus no direct thermal contact between the discs is produced by this, the heat conduction is influenced by a disk to another by the spacer profile by the reinforcing elements only to a very small extent.
  • their plastic deformability and the arrangement in the region of the side walls of the profile make a decisive contribution to the fulfillment of the object underlying the invention.
  • the inventive arrangement of the reinforcing elements ensures that in the selection of the main volume fraction of the profile making elastically-plastically deformable, poorly thermally conductive material whose plastic deformability is not in the foreground, but also almost completely elastic materials can be used, if these terms offer thermal insulation advantages.
  • the reinforcing elements can be selected specifically with regard to their plastic deformability and their properties during the bending process, without their dimensions or their material being subjected to significant restrictions with regard to the level of their thermal conductivity.
  • the profile according to the invention is designed as a hollow chamber profile, wherein the chamber is normally filled with hygroscopic material and wherein water vapor permeable areas, e.g. Perforations in which the inner space of the chamber facing the space between the panes enable a vapor or moisture exchange between the space between the panes and the chamber.
  • the spacer profile may also have a U-shaped cross-section open to the space between the panes if care is taken that the desiccant is firmly anchored in the chamber, e.g. about adhesion.
  • the cross section of the reinforcing elements can be formed manifold. So these elements z. B. be designed as wires, which allows a simple and therefore cost-effective production.
  • the reinforcing elements can also be formed as flat or angle profiles. This ensures a particularly high dimensional stability, especially in the cross-sectional corner regions, of the spacer profile. It is also a combination of wires and flat or angle profiles in a spacer profile possible.
  • the reinforcing elements are generally made of metal or of a metal alloy, preferably of aluminum or of an aluminum alloy.
  • the diameter of the wires is preferably less than 3 mm, in particular about 1 mm, while the flat or angle profiles generally have a thickness of less than 3 mm, preferably a thickness of less than 1 mm.
  • the reinforcing elements are preferably arranged in cross-sectional corner regions of the spacer profile. These areas, because they are particularly stressed during the bending process by stretching or compression, are very sensitive, and damage occurs in conventional profiles during the bending process especially at these locations. The arrangement of the reinforcing elements in these areas prevents the occurrence of such damage. If reinforcing elements in the form of wires or angle profiles are arranged at least in the region of both ends of the two side walls, this advantageously increases the bending resistance moment of the spacer profile, so that a particularly good cold bendability is achieved
  • flat or angle profiles extend substantially over the entire height of the sidewalls of the spacer profile. Due to the resulting high bending resistance torque the side walls are given a particularly high dimensional stability, so that the occurrence of disturbing deformations is reliably avoided.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the angle profiles provided in cross-sectional corner regions of the spacer profile substantially corresponds to the cross section of this corner region, so that a good protection of the spacer profile during the bending process and the general handling and a high dimensional stability is achieved.
  • reinforcing elements made of different materials within a profile. It is also possible to provide reinforcing elements made of composite materials.
  • the reinforcing elements may have different materials or different thicknesses in their longitudinal direction or over their cross section.
  • suitable suitable heat insulating materials for the spacer profile are thermoplastics having a thermal conductivity ⁇ ⁇ 0.3 W / (m • K), z.
  • thermoplastics having a thermal conductivity ⁇ ⁇ 0.3 W / (m • K), z.
  • polypropylene polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide or polycarbonate, proven.
  • the plastic may contain conventional fillers, additives, dyes, UV protection agents, etc.
  • a diffusion-tight layer extending substantially over the entire width and length of the spacer profile is provided of a material with a thermal conductivity ⁇ ⁇ 50 W / (m ⁇ K).
  • a material with a thermal conductivity ⁇ ⁇ 50 W / (m ⁇ K) As preferred materials for the diffusion-proof layer, metals have been found, in particular tinplate or stainless steel.
  • the diffusion-proof layer may further be made of a plastic such as a fluoropolymer, polyvinylidene chloride or ethylvinyl acetate.
  • the diffusion-proof layer may be applied by physical or chemical coating methods such as sputtering or plasma polymerization. Preferably, however, it is connected in film form cohesively with the profile.
  • “materially bonding” means the permanent joining of the two components of the composite, for example by lamination, if appropriate via an adhesion promoter, by embedding or similar techniques.
  • the diffusion-tight layer is preferably also arranged in the region of the side walls.
  • the diffusion-tight layer is preferably applied to the outside of the outer wall and optionally the side walls of the chamber. But it can also be arranged on the inside or embedded in the walls. Thereby, the bending process depending on the bending system can be further simplified, since in this way a direct contact of the mechanically sensitive diffusion-proof layer can be avoided with force-applying elements of the bending system. In addition, this can be a permanent protection of the diffusion-tight layer can be ensured.
  • the diffusion-tight layer may additionally be provided with a protective layer to z. B. aging processes or radiation effects or damage due to mechanical stress largely avoided.
  • the spacer profile is preferably glued to the insides of the discs with a butyl sealant based on polyisobutylene.
  • FIGS. 1 to 4 show cross-sectional views of spacer profiles according to the invention. This cross-section does not change in the normal case over the entire length of a spacer profile for the respective embodiments, except for production-related tolerances.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a spacer profile according to the present invention.
  • the spacer profile is arranged between discs 100, whereby a disc space 110, here with a width of about 15.5 mm, is defined.
  • the profile is attached by means of adhesive 28 on the inner sides of the discs 100.
  • a chamber 10 of the spacer profile with a substantially rectangular cross-section has side walls 20 and 26, an inner wall 24 facing the space between the panes and an outer wall 22 facing the outer edge of the insulating pane unit. It is at least partially filled with a hygroscopic material 12, for example silica gel or molecular sieve.
  • the hygroscopic material 14 may receive moisture from this space through slots or perforations 14 or other moisture vapor permeable areas in the inner wall 24 of the spacer profile.
  • a diffusion-tight layer 60 is applied.
  • aluminum wire 30 was used with a diameter of 1.2 mm.
  • the two wires 30 each mounted in a side wall 20 and 26, respectively, are spaced so that their centers are spaced apart by about 4.3 mm.
  • the spacer profile is made of polypropylene, wherein the inner wall 24 and the outer wall 22 each have a thickness of about 1 mm, the side walls 20, 26 facing the discs each having a thickness of about 2.5 mm.
  • the diffusion-tight layer 60 which is connected in a materially joined manner to the outside of the profile, consists of a tinplate with a thickness of 0.125 mm. Overall, a profile weight of about 85 g / m results.
  • the walls 20 to 26 of the chamber 10 of the spacer profile are shown in this figure as flat surfaces in a rectangular arrangement. It is within the scope of the invention, individual walls, in particular the External wall, with rounded, chamfered or other modified forms, as is customary for spacer profiles for Isolieriminticianen, or to let the walls adjacent to each other at angles other than 90 °.
  • FIG. 2 shows a further preferred embodiment, in which the reinforcing elements are designed as flat profiles 40.
  • the flat sections 40 are
  • the flat profiles 40 extend substantially over the entire height of the side walls 20 and 26 of the spacer profile.
  • the spacer profile consists, as in the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, of polypropylene with a wall thickness of 1 mm or 2 mm.
  • the diffusion-tight layer consists of a tinplate with a thickness of 0.125 mm, so that the overall result is an approximate profile weight of 97 g / m.
  • FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment in which a combination of wires 30 and angle profiles 50 is used as reinforcing elements.
  • the wires 30 are again 1.2 mm diameter aluminum wires, while the angle profiles 50 have a thickness of about 0.6 mm and a leg length of about 2 mm.
  • the angle profiles can also be made of aluminum as in the embodiment of Figure 2, but other materials can be used as in the wires.
  • the angle profiles can also consist of a composite material. Further, the angle profile in the areas where it is bent to adapt to the outer contour of the spaced discs, made of other material or have a different thickness than in its other areas where it is largely rectilinear.
  • the angle profiles 50 correspond in their cross-sectional shape substantially the shape of the cross-sectional corner regions of the spacer profile. As a result, a particularly high dimensional stability is achieved.
  • As a diffusion-tight layer 60 here a stainless steel sheet is applied with a thickness of 0.05 mm.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment in which the reinforcing elements are designed as angle profiles 55, which are attached to the outside of the side walls 20, 26 of the spacer profile and, as it were, enclose the spacer profiles made of polypropylene or PET in these areas.
  • the angle profiles 55 are made of tinplate or aluminum and have a thickness of about 0.5 mm.
  • the leg regions of the angle profile projecting into the inner wall 24 and the outer wall 22 of the spacer profile have a length of approximately 2 mm.
  • the diffusion-proof layer 60 consists of 0.05 mm stainless steel or a tinplate. Furthermore, it can be provided that a barrier layer of fluoropolymer is provided as the diffusion-tight layer 60.
  • the diffusion-tight layer 60 extends in the embodiment of Figure 4 over the entire outer wall 22 of the spacer profile, in the embodiments of Figures 1 and 2 in addition over the entire side walls 20, 26, while in the embodiment shown in Figure 3, no separate diffusion-tight layer is provided.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Insulators (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
EP99908747A 1998-02-11 1999-01-21 Abstandhalterprofil für isolierscheibeneinheit Expired - Lifetime EP1055046B2 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19805348A DE19805348A1 (de) 1998-02-11 1998-02-11 Abstandhalterprofil für Isolierscheibeneinheit
DE19805348 1998-02-11
PCT/DE1999/000188 WO1999041481A1 (de) 1998-02-11 1999-01-21 Abstandhalterprofil für isolierscheibeneinheit

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1055046A1 EP1055046A1 (de) 2000-11-29
EP1055046B1 EP1055046B1 (de) 2002-05-08
EP1055046B2 true EP1055046B2 (de) 2007-09-26

Family

ID=7857239

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP99908747A Expired - Lifetime EP1055046B2 (de) 1998-02-11 1999-01-21 Abstandhalterprofil für isolierscheibeneinheit

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US6389779B1 (es)
EP (1) EP1055046B2 (es)
JP (1) JP3409030B2 (es)
CN (1) CN1132991C (es)
AT (1) ATE217382T1 (es)
AU (1) AU2824999A (es)
CA (1) CA2316166C (es)
DE (2) DE19805348A1 (es)
DK (1) DK1055046T4 (es)
ES (1) ES2153810T5 (es)
WO (1) WO1999041481A1 (es)

Cited By (3)

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WO2018219477A1 (en) 2017-06-02 2018-12-06 Technoform Tailored Solutions Holding Gmbh Flying saw and fixed saw for cutting extruded profiles and methods of use
WO2019201530A1 (de) 2018-04-16 2019-10-24 Saint-Gobain Glass France Abstandhalter mit verstärkungselementen
WO2021009176A1 (de) 2019-07-17 2021-01-21 Saint-Gobain Glass France Abstandhalter für isolierglaseinheiten

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DE10311830A1 (de) 2003-03-14 2004-09-23 Ensinger Kunststofftechnologie Gbr Abstandhalterprofil für Isolierglasscheiben
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MX2008001677A (es) * 2005-08-01 2008-04-07 Technoform Caprano Brunnhofer Arreglo separador con un conector fundible para unidades de vidrio aislantes.
ES2334942T3 (es) * 2005-08-01 2010-03-17 TECHNOFORM CAPRANO UND BRUNNHOFER GMBH & CO. KG Material en banda compuesto para espaciadores.
DE102006024402B4 (de) * 2006-05-24 2008-01-03 Peter Lisec Isolierglaseinheit mit einem elastoplastischen Abstandhalterband und Applizzierverfahren für letzteres
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DE102010006127A1 (de) * 2010-01-29 2011-08-04 Technoform Glass Insulation Holding GmbH, 34277 Abstandshalterprofil mit Verstärkungsschicht
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DE102010049806A1 (de) * 2010-10-27 2012-05-03 Technoform Glass Insulation Holding Gmbh Abstandshalterprofil und Isolierscheibeneinheit mit einem solchen Abstandshalterprofil
DE102011009359A1 (de) 2011-01-25 2012-07-26 Technoform Glass Insulation Holding Gmbh Abstandshalterprofil und Isolierscheibeneinheit mit einem solchen Abstandshalterprofil
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DE102012105960A1 (de) 2012-07-04 2014-01-09 Ensinger Gmbh Abstandhalter fuer Isolierglasscheiben
CN104736788B (zh) * 2012-10-22 2017-10-24 泰诺风玻璃隔热控股股份有限公司 具有加强元件的间隔型材及具有该型材的中空玻璃单元
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BR112016001213B1 (pt) 2013-09-30 2021-11-03 Saint-Gobain Glass France Espaçador para uma unidade de vidro isolante, unidade de vidro isolante, método para produção de um espaçador e uso de um espaçador
US10190359B2 (en) 2013-12-12 2019-01-29 Saint-Gobain Glass France Double glazing having improved sealing
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DE102015122714A1 (de) * 2015-12-23 2017-07-27 Ensinger Gmbh Abstandhalter für Isolierglasscheiben
CN105672833B (zh) * 2016-03-17 2018-03-27 大连华工创新科技股份有限公司 中空玻璃隔热条及制造设备
CN105696917B (zh) * 2016-03-17 2018-07-31 大连华工创新科技股份有限公司 一种中空玻璃隔热条及中空玻璃
CN105672832B (zh) * 2016-03-17 2018-03-02 大连华工创新科技股份有限公司 中空玻璃隔热条及中空玻璃
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ITUA20163892A1 (it) * 2016-05-27 2017-11-27 Profilglass S P A Dispositivo distanziatore impermeabile per vetrocamera e metodo per realizzarlo
CN106121460A (zh) * 2016-08-11 2016-11-16 江苏扬子净化工程有限公司 一种节能隔音双层玻璃洁净窗
WO2018185281A1 (en) 2017-04-07 2018-10-11 Rolltech A/S A spacer profile with improved stiffness
WO2019141484A1 (de) * 2018-01-16 2019-07-25 Saint-Gobain Glass France Isolierverglasung und verfahren zu deren herstellung
EP3556984A1 (en) 2018-04-17 2019-10-23 Rolltech A/S A spacer with double side surfaces
JP7252982B2 (ja) * 2018-06-07 2023-04-05 サン－ゴバン グラス フランス 電気供給ラインを有する、絶縁グレージングユニットのためのコーナーコネクタ
WO2022179965A1 (de) 2021-02-25 2022-09-01 Saint-Gobain Glass France Kaltbiegbarer abstandhalter mit verbesserter steifigkeit
CN113216804B (zh) * 2021-05-11 2023-01-10 中建材（内江）玻璃高新技术有限公司 一种中空玻璃及其生产工艺
CA3240032A1 (en) 2022-04-14 2023-10-19 Nikolai BORCHMANN Spacer with improved mechanical stiffness

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DE19525735A1 (de) * 1995-07-14 1997-01-16 Huels Chemische Werke Ag Abstandhalter für Isolierverglasungen
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EP0785336A1 (en) † 1996-01-22 1997-07-23 Bay Mills Limited Insulating spacer for creating a thermally insulating bridge

Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2018219477A1 (en) 2017-06-02 2018-12-06 Technoform Tailored Solutions Holding Gmbh Flying saw and fixed saw for cutting extruded profiles and methods of use
WO2019201530A1 (de) 2018-04-16 2019-10-24 Saint-Gobain Glass France Abstandhalter mit verstärkungselementen
EP3781773B1 (de) 2018-04-16 2022-03-16 Saint-Gobain Glass France Abstandhalter mit verstärkungselementen
DE202019005906U1 (de) 2018-04-16 2023-02-14 Saint-Gobain Glass France Abstandhalter mit Verstärkungselementen
WO2021009176A1 (de) 2019-07-17 2021-01-21 Saint-Gobain Glass France Abstandhalter für isolierglaseinheiten

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1055046B1 (de) 2002-05-08
WO1999041481A1 (de) 1999-08-19
EP1055046A1 (de) 2000-11-29
DE19805348A1 (de) 1999-08-12
ES2153810T3 (es) 2002-11-01
CA2316166A1 (en) 1999-08-19
CA2316166C (en) 2006-09-12
AU2824999A (en) 1999-08-30
ES2153810T1 (es) 2001-03-16
DE59901396D1 (de) 2002-06-13
CN1132991C (zh) 2003-12-31
JP3409030B2 (ja) 2003-05-19
DK1055046T3 (da) 2002-07-08
ATE217382T1 (de) 2002-05-15
ES2153810T5 (es) 2008-03-01
JP2002503779A (ja) 2002-02-05
US6389779B1 (en) 2002-05-21
CN1289387A (zh) 2001-03-28
DK1055046T4 (da) 2008-01-02

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