EP1052305B1 - Metallic material with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness - Google Patents
Metallic material with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness Download PDFInfo
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- EP1052305B1 EP1052305B1 EP20000890146 EP00890146A EP1052305B1 EP 1052305 B1 EP1052305 B1 EP 1052305B1 EP 20000890146 EP20000890146 EP 20000890146 EP 00890146 A EP00890146 A EP 00890146A EP 1052305 B1 EP1052305 B1 EP 1052305B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/26—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for alloying control of the solidification kinetics and the matrix composition of carbide-forming metallic melts and to a material preferably produced by the method with high hardness, high wear resistance and high. Toughness.
- Such alloys are state of the art.
- tool steels which include, among others, the elements carbon, vanadium, niobium and aluminum.
- DE 31 44 475 A1 discloses a Schnellarbeits- and tool steel, in addition to other elements 0.3 to 3.0 wt.% Carbon, 0.5 to 3.0 wt.% Silicon, 0.5 to 3.0 wt. % Aluminum 0.5 to 6.0 wt.% Vanadium has.
- the steel in which the vanadium may be partially or completely replaced by zirconium, niobium, hafnium, titanium, tantalum or a mixture thereof preferably has a sum of the contents of silicon and aluminum of about 2% by weight.
- the elements silicon and aluminum in combination should completely or partially replace cobalt and reduce the content of tungsten, vanadium and molybdenum at about the same material quality.
- At least one desired property of materials that stabilize ledeburitically can be particularly promoted.
- a high level of wear resistance can be achieved by alloying by increasing the amount of carbide, but the toughness of the material deteriorates.
- the quality and the usability of the material are characterized by the property profile, which should be formed in accordance with the modern technical requirements of these as possible from each high or advantageous individual properties. It is important for reasons of reliability that the fluctuation range of the property values is as low as possible.
- alloying with aluminum has attempted to substitute expensive elements or to influence the thermal tempering in such a way that the material properties are improved.
- the invention seeks to remedy the situation and sets itself the goal of specifying a method with which the solidification kinetics of carbide-forming metallic Melting technology is controlled such that the microstructure is formed morphologically advantageous with improved matrix properties Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide generic metallic materials with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness. Specifically, this means the creation of high pressure resistant, especially cold working materials, simultaneously with significantly improved resistance to abrasive wear, increased plastic bending work and flexural strength, and a significantly increased 0.2% compression limit of the material.
- the advantages of the method according to the invention are essentially to be seen in that the solidification kinetics can be influenced by means of the effect-optimized aluminum content in such a way that a primary carbide release and carbide growth is largely suppressed for further cooling, ie that the carbides are eutectically substantially finely globulitic to form the melt.
- the composition of the matrix, in particular its carbon content can be controlled by the respective aluminum concentration, and ultimately the matrix hardness and toughness can be determined. For the first time it was found that it was necessary for a Particularly advantageous high property profile of materials is important to adjust the aluminum content within limits depending on the carbon concentration and the niobium equivalent.
- a morphologically particularly favorable structure is achieved if the effective range factor F has a value between 0.9 and 1.2.
- the further object of the invention is achieved in the case of a metallic material, which is preferably produced according to the abovementioned method, in that the alloy of the elements in% by weight: 0.6 to 1.7 % carbon 0.6 to 1.1 % silicon 0.2 to 0.5 % manganese 7.0 to 11.0 % chrome 2.0 to 3.2 % molybdenum to 1.0 % tungsten to 0.8 % nickel 0.5 to 1.5 % vanadium 0.4 to 0.65 % niobium 0.3 to 2.6 %
- the advantages of the material according to the invention essentially consist in the fact that all mechanical properties and also the resistance to abrasive wear thereof are substantially improved.
- an appropriate adjustment or maintenance of the aluminum content is important for this, because depending on the carbon content and the niobium equivalent depending on the formation of the cast structure and that of the structure of the deformed material.
- that of aluminum is within the limits of 0.3 to 2.6% by weight. certainly.
- Cutting tools with improved service life and the same resistance to breakage are preferably produced when the base of the alloy is formed as a high-speed steel and alloyed with aluminum in the Erfindungsberelchn.
- the advantages can be particularly pronounced in an alloyed cold work tool steel according to the invention.
- the high wear resistance and the high toughness and strength of the material give superior performance of tools made from them.
- a flexural strength of at least 4500 N / mm 2 and a plastic bending stress in the range of 3000 Nmm with a 0.2% compression limit of more than 2600 N / mm 2 of the thermally tempered material can be achieved if the alloy is in% by weight: 1.0 to 1.4 % carbon 0.6 to 1.1 % silicon 0.2 to 0.5 % manganese 7.0 to 11.0 % chrome 2.0 to 3.2 % molybdenum to 1.0 % tungsten to 0.8 % nickel 1.0 to 1.5 % vanadium 0.4 to 0.65 % niobium Aluminum in the present invention dependent limits between 0.64 and 2.0, balance iron and manufacturing-related impurities.
- the mechanical properties and the resistance to abrasive wear can be increased if the alloy has more than 0.5 wt .-% niobium.
- a morphologically favorable structure is a low concentration of the alloy on elements of Group 4 of the Periodic Table and optionally of nitrogen, because compounds of these elements can form effective nuclei for primary carbide precipitation. It is therefore advantageous if the content of elements of group 4 of the periodic table is below 0.24% by weight, preferably below 0.1% by weight, and the nitrogen content is less than 0.01% by weight.
- Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the trial alloy, with the remainder each consisting of iron and impurities caused by melting.
- the alloys 1,2 and 10 are alloys according to the invention and have consistently superior individual properties.
- the plastic bending work of these materials is advantageous at values above 2900Nmm.
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Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur legierungstechnischen Steuerung der Erstarrungskinetik und der Matrixzusammensetzung von karbidbildenden metallischen Schmelzen sowie auf einen vorzugsweise nach dem Verfahren hergestellten Werkstoff mit hoher Härte, hohem Verschleißwiderstand und hoher. Zähigkeit.The invention relates to a method for alloying control of the solidification kinetics and the matrix composition of carbide-forming metallic melts and to a material preferably produced by the method with high hardness, high wear resistance and high. Toughness.
Derartige Legierungen sind zum Stand der Technik zu zählen. Beispielsweise sind im Bereich der Eisenbasislegierungen Werkzeugstähle bekannt, die unter anderem die Elemente Kohlenstoff, Vanadin, Niob und Aluminium beinhalten.Such alloys are state of the art. For example, in the field of iron-base alloys, tool steels are known which include, among others, the elements carbon, vanadium, niobium and aluminum.
Die DE 31 44 475 A1 offenbart einen Schnellarbeits- und Werkzeugstahl der neben weiteren Elementen 0,3 bis 3,0 Gew.% Kohlenstoff, 0,5 bis 3,0 Gew.% Silizium, 0,5 bis 3,0 Gew.-% Aluminium 0,5 bis 6,0 Gew.% Vanadin aufweist. Der Stahl, bei welchem das Vanadin teilweise oder vollständig durch Zirkonium, Niob, Hafnium, Titan, Tantal oder einem Gemisch davon ersetzt werden kann, besitzt vorzugsweise eine Summe der Gehalte an Silizium und Aluminium von ungefähr 2 Gew.-%. Die Elemente Silizium und Aluminium in Kombination sollen bei etwa gleicher Materialgüte Kobalt vollständig oder teilweise ersetzen und den Gehalt von Wolfram, Vandin und Molybdän verringern.DE 31 44 475 A1 discloses a Schnellarbeits- and tool steel, in addition to other elements 0.3 to 3.0 wt.% Carbon, 0.5 to 3.0 wt.% Silicon, 0.5 to 3.0 wt. % Aluminum 0.5 to 6.0 wt.% Vanadium has. The steel in which the vanadium may be partially or completely replaced by zirconium, niobium, hafnium, titanium, tantalum or a mixture thereof preferably has a sum of the contents of silicon and aluminum of about 2% by weight. The elements silicon and aluminum in combination should completely or partially replace cobalt and reduce the content of tungsten, vanadium and molybdenum at about the same material quality.
Aus der EP- 0425471 B1 ist ein Kaltarbeitsstahl mit hoher Druckfestigkeit bekannt geworden, welcher unter anderem mit in Gew.-% 0,6 bis 1,5 C, 0,2 bis 1,6 Si, 0,3 bis 1,5 V, 0,2 bis 1,6 Al und bis 0,5 Nb legiert ist. Silizium und Aluminium sollen das Vergütungsverhalten verbessern und durch Nitridbildung ein Kornwachstum bei der Härtung bzw. beim Austenitisieren behindern und dadurch die Druckfestigkeit, die Härte, die Zähigkeit und die Verschleißfestigkeit des Materials erhöhen.From EP-0425471 B1 a cold work steel with high compressive strength has become known, which inter alia in wt .-% 0.6 to 1.5 C, 0.2 to 1.6 Si, 0.3 to 1.5 V. , 0.2 to 1.6 Al and up to 0.5 Nb. Silicon and aluminum are said to improve the tempering behavior and hinder grain growth during hardening or austenitizing by nitride formation, thereby reducing the compressive strength Increase hardness, toughness and wear resistance of the material.
Durch die jeweilige Konzentration bestimmter Legierungselemente in Wechselwirkung mit den weiteren Bestandteilen kann zumindest eine gewünschte Eigenschaft von ledeburitisch erstarrenden Werkstoffen besonders gefördert werden. Eine hohe Verschleißbeständigkeit ist beispielsweise legierungstechnisch mittels Erhöhung des Karbidanteiles erreichbar, allerdings verschlechtert sich dabei die Zähigkeit des Materials.Due to the particular concentration of certain alloying elements in interaction with the other constituents, at least one desired property of materials that stabilize ledeburitically can be particularly promoted. For example, a high level of wear resistance can be achieved by alloying by increasing the amount of carbide, but the toughness of the material deteriorates.
Die Güte und die Verwendbarkeit des Werkstoffes sind jedoch durch das Eigenschaftsprofil gekennzeichnet, welches entsprechend den modernen technischen Anforderungen an diesen aus möglichst jeweils hohen bzw. vorteilhaften Einzeleigenschaften gebildet sein soll. Dabei ist es aus Gründen der Zuverlässigkeit wichtig, daß die Schwankungsbreite der Eigenschaftswerte möglichst gering ist.However, the quality and the usability of the material are characterized by the property profile, which should be formed in accordance with the modern technical requirements of these as possible from each high or advantageous individual properties. It is important for reasons of reliability that the fluctuation range of the property values is as low as possible.
Wie eingangs erwähnt, wurde durch ein Legieren mit Aluminium versucht, teure Elemente zu substituieren oder die thermische Vergütung dahingehend zu beeinflussen, daß die Werkstoffeigenschaften verbessert sind.As mentioned at the beginning, alloying with aluminum has attempted to substitute expensive elements or to influence the thermal tempering in such a way that the material properties are improved.
Ein erhöhter Aluminiumgehalt in ledeburitischen Stählen hat sich nur in einigen Fällen als günstig erwiesen, weil dieser zumeist keine wesentliche Verbesserung des Eigenschaftsprofiles des Werkstoffes bewirkte und die gegebenenfalls verbesserten Einzeleigenschaften große Schwankungen aufwiesen. Die Ursachen dafür sind nach Fachmeinung durch die Erstarrungsmorphologie begründet. Ein entstehen grober, bei der Erstarrung der Schmelze primär ausgeschiedener Karbide, welche bei einer Warmumformung des Materials im wesentlichen nicht zu zertrümmern sind, jedoch eine nachteilige Zeilenstruktur bilden können sowie die erreichbare Härte und Zähigkeit der Matrix sind als legierungstechnische Grenzen für eine Verbesserung der Gesamteigenschaften anzusehen.An increased aluminum content in ledeburitic steels has proven to be favorable only in some cases, because this usually caused no significant improvement in the property profile of the material and the possibly improved individual properties had large fluctuations. The reasons for this are justified by the opinion of the solidification morphology. The result is coarse, in the solidification of the melt primarily precipitated carbides, which are not to shatter at a hot deformation of the material substantially, but can form a disadvantageous line structure and the achievable hardness and toughness of the matrix are considered as alloying limits for improving the overall properties ,
Hier will die Erfindung Abhilfe schaffen und setzt sich zum Ziel, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mit welchen die Erstarrungskinetik von karbidbildenden metallischen Schmelzen legierungstechnisch derart gesteuert wird, dass das Gefüge morphologisch vorteilhaft mit verbesserten Matrixeigensehaften ausgebildet ist Weiters ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, gattungsgemäße metallische Werkstoffe mit hoher Härte, hohem Verschleißwiderstand und hoher Zähigkeit zu schaffen. Präzisiert bedeutet dies die Schaffung von hochdruckresistenten, insbesondere Kaltarbeits-Werkstoffen gleichzeitig mit wesentlich verbesserter Beständigkeit gegen abrasiven Verschleiß, mit erhöhter plastischer Biegebrucharbeit und Biegebruchfestigkeit sowie mit einer signifikant erhöhten 0.2% Stauchgrenze des Materials.Here, the invention seeks to remedy the situation and sets itself the goal of specifying a method with which the solidification kinetics of carbide-forming metallic Melting technology is controlled such that the microstructure is formed morphologically advantageous with improved matrix properties Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide generic metallic materials with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness. Specifically, this means the creation of high pressure resistant, especially cold working materials, simultaneously with significantly improved resistance to abrasive wear, increased plastic bending work and flexural strength, and a significantly increased 0.2% compression limit of the material.
Das Ziel wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art dadurch erreicht, dass Flüssigmetall bestehend aus den Elementen in Gew.-%:
wahlweise Elemente der Gruppe 4 des Periodensystems im Ausmaß von unter 0,24 Gew.-%,
Rest Eisen sowie herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen
hergestellt und in Abhängigkeit vom Kohlenstoffgehalt und vom Gehalt an Elementen der Gruppe 5 des Periodensystems bis zu 4,6 Gew.-% mit Aluminium in einer Konzentration von 0,3 bis 2,6 Gew.-% Al mit der Maßgabe legiert wird, dass der Aluminiumgehalt gleich dem Kohlenstoffgehalt, multipliziert mit dem Niobäquivalent AN, multipliziert mit dem Wirkungsbereichsfaktor F, beträgt:
optionally elements of group 4 of the periodic table to the extent of less than 0.24 wt .-%,
Remaining iron as well as production-related impurities
and, depending on the carbon content and the content of elements of group 5 of the periodic table, up to 4.6% by weight with aluminum in a concentration of 0.3 to 2.6% by weight of Al, with the proviso that the aluminum content equal to the carbon content multiplied by the niobium equivalent AN multiplied by the effective range factor F is:
Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind im Wesentlichen darin zu sehen, dass mittels des wirkungsoptimierten Aluminlumgehaltes die Erstarrungskinetik derart beeinflußt werden kann, dass eine primäre Karbidausscheldung und ein Karbidkomwachstum bel der weiteren Abkühlung weitgehend unterdrückt wird, dass sich also die Karbide eutektisch im Wesentlichen fein globulitisch in der Schmelze bilden. Weiters kann durch die jeweilige Aluminiumkonzentration die Zusammensetzung der Matrix, insbesondere deren Kohlenstoffgehalt, gesteuert und dadurch letztlich die Matrixhärte und- zähigkeit bestimmt werden. Erstmals wurde gefunden, dass es für ein Erreichen eines besonders vorteilhaften hohen Eigenschaftsprofiles von Werkstoffen wichtig ist, den Aluminiumgehalt in Grenzen in Abhängigkeit von der Kohlenstoffkonzentration und von dem Niobäquivalent einzustellen. Geringere Gehalte als 0,3 Gew.% bzw. höhere Gehalte als 2,6 Gew.-% Aluminium haben keine günstige Wirkung mehr, bzw. können im weiteren Abstand von der oberen Grenze aufgrund einer Verschlechterung der Matrixeigenschaften nachtellig wirksam sein. Zwischen diesen Grenzen ist im Hinblick auf eine im Wesentlichen eutektische Karbidbildung bei der Erstamung und damit eine morphologisch gewünschte Struktur des Erstarrungsgefüges mit verbesserten Matrixeigenschaften der Aluminiumgehalt gemäß dem vorgenannten Zusammenhang in der Legierung einzustellen. Die Ursachen der weitgehenden Unterdrückung einer primären Karbidausscheidung sind wissenschaftlich noch nicht restlos geklärt, es kann jedoch angenommen werden, daß Aluminium in entsprechenden Konzentrationen die Kristallisationskeime in ihrer Wirkung einschränkt und eine größere diesbezügliche Unterkühlung zutäßt.The advantages of the method according to the invention are essentially to be seen in that the solidification kinetics can be influenced by means of the effect-optimized aluminum content in such a way that a primary carbide release and carbide growth is largely suppressed for further cooling, ie that the carbides are eutectically substantially finely globulitic to form the melt. Furthermore, the composition of the matrix, in particular its carbon content, can be controlled by the respective aluminum concentration, and ultimately the matrix hardness and toughness can be determined. For the first time it was found that it was necessary for a Particularly advantageous high property profile of materials is important to adjust the aluminum content within limits depending on the carbon concentration and the niobium equivalent. Lower contents than 0.3% by weight or higher contents than 2.6% by weight aluminum no longer have a favorable effect, or may be effective overnight in a further distance from the upper limit owing to a deterioration in the matrix properties. Between these limits, in view of a substantially eutectic carbide formation during the initial aging and thus a morphologically desired structure of the solidification microstructure with improved matrix properties, the aluminum content must be set according to the abovementioned relationship in the alloy. The causes of the extensive suppression of a primary carbide excretion have not yet been completely clarified scientifically, but it can be assumed that aluminum in appropriate concentrations limits the crystallization nuclei in their effect and drowns a major related hypothermia.
Ein morphologisch besonders günstiges Gefüge wird erreicht, wenn der Wirkungsbereichsfaktor F einen Wert zwischen 0,9 und 1,2 aufweist.A morphologically particularly favorable structure is achieved if the effective range factor F has a value between 0.9 and 1.2.
Die weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung wird bei einem metallischen Werkstoff, der vorzugsweise nach dem vorgenannten Verfahren hergestellt ist, dadurch gelöst, dass die Legierung aus dem Elementen in Gew.-%:
wahlweise Elemente der Gruppe 4 des Periodensystems im Ausmaß von unter 0,24 Gew.-%,
Rest Eisen sowie herstellungsbedingte Verunreinigungen
besteht und Aluminium in Abhängigkeit vom Kohlenstoff- sowie des Vanadin-, Niob- und Tantalgehaltes eine Konzentration gemäß der Formel:
optionally elements of group 4 of the periodic table to the extent of less than 0.24 wt .-%,
Remaining iron as well as production-related impurities
and aluminum, depending on the carbon and the vanadium, niobium and tantalum content, a concentration according to the formula:
Die Vorteile des Werkstoffes gemäß der Erfindung bestehen im Wesentlichen dann, dass sämtliche mechanischen Eigenschaften und auch die Beständigkeit gegen abrasiven Verschleiß desselben wesentlich verbessert sind. Allerdings ist dafür eine entsprechende Einstellung bzw. Einhaltung des Aluminiumgehaltes wichtig, weil von diesem in Abhängigkeit von dem Kohlenstoffgehalt und von dem Niobäquivalent die Ausbildung der Gußstruktur und jene des Gefüges des verformten Materials abhängen. Bei einem gewünschten Gehalt an Elementen der Gruppe 5 des Periodensystems, welche mit den weiteren Bestandteilen die Voraussetzungen für ein gewünschtes Eigenschaftsprofil des Werkstoffes bilden, ist in Abhängigkeit von dem Kohlenstoffgehalt jener des Aluminiums in den Grenzen 0,3 bis 2,6 Gew.-% bestimmt.The advantages of the material according to the invention essentially consist in the fact that all mechanical properties and also the resistance to abrasive wear thereof are substantially improved. However, an appropriate adjustment or maintenance of the aluminum content is important for this, because depending on the carbon content and the niobium equivalent depending on the formation of the cast structure and that of the structure of the deformed material. With a desired content of elements of group 5 of the periodic table, which together with the other constituents form the prerequisites for a desired property profile of the material, depending on the carbon content, that of aluminum is within the limits of 0.3 to 2.6% by weight. certainly.
Eine besondere Hochlage der Eigenschaften des Werkstoffes in ihrer Gesamtheit wird erreicht, wenn der Wirkungsberelchsfaktor F einen Wert zwischen 0,9 und 1,2 aufweist.A particular high level of the properties of the material in its entirety is achieved when the Wirkungselelchsfaktor F has a value between 0.9 and 1.2.
Schneidwerkzeuge mit verbesserter Standzeit und dergleichen Bruchsicherheit sind bevorzugt herstellbar, wenn die Basis der Legierung als Schnellarbeitsstahl ausgebildet und mit Aluminium in den Erfindungsberelchn legiert ist.Cutting tools with improved service life and the same resistance to breakage are preferably produced when the base of the alloy is formed as a high-speed steel and alloyed with aluminum in the Erfindungsberelchn.
Besonders ausgeprägt können die Vorteile bei einem erfindungsgemäß legierten Kaltarbeitssstahl sein. Insbesondere der hohe Verschleißwiderstand sowie die große Zähigkeit und Festigkeit des Materials ergeben überragende Gebrauchseigenschaften von daraus gefertigten Werkzeugen.The advantages can be particularly pronounced in an alloyed cold work tool steel according to the invention. In particular, the high wear resistance and the high toughness and strength of the material give superior performance of tools made from them.
Ein Widerstand gegen abrasiven Verschleiß nach DIN 50320 von größer als 12 1/g im SiC-Schleifpapierverschleißtest P 120 (Schleiftellerdurchmesser 300 mm; Schlelftellerdrehzahl: 150 mn-1; Probendurchmesser: 8mm : Anpreßkraft: 13,33N). eine Biegebruchfestigkeit von mindestens 4500 N/mm2 und eine plastische Biegebrucharbelt Im Bereich von 3000 Nmm bei einer 0,2% Stauchgrenze von über 2600 N/mm2 des thermisch vergüteten Werkstoffes können erreicht werden, wenn die Legierung in Gew.-%:
Die mechanischen Eigenschaften und der Widerstand gegen einen abrasiven Verschleiß können gesteigert werden, wenn die Legierung mehr als 0,5 Gew.-% Niob aufweist.The mechanical properties and the resistance to abrasive wear can be increased if the alloy has more than 0.5 wt .-% niobium.
Von besonderer Bedeutung für ein morphologisch günstiges Gefüge ist eine geringe Konzentration der Legierung an Elementen der Gruppe 4 des Periodensystems und gegebenenfalls des Stickstoffes, weil Verbindungen dieser Elemente wirksame Keime für eine primäre Karbidausscheidung bilden können. Daher ist von Vorteil, wenn der Gehalt an Elementen der Gruppe 4 des Periodensystems unter 0,24 Gew.-%, vorzugsweise unter 0,1 Gew.-%, liegt und der Stickstoffgehalt weniger als 0,01 Gew.-% beträgt.Of particular importance for a morphologically favorable structure is a low concentration of the alloy on elements of Group 4 of the Periodic Table and optionally of nitrogen, because compounds of these elements can form effective nuclei for primary carbide precipitation. It is therefore advantageous if the content of elements of group 4 of the periodic table is below 0.24% by weight, preferably below 0.1% by weight, and the nitrogen content is less than 0.01% by weight.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Tabellen mit jeweils der chemischen Zusammensetzung und den Untersuchungsergebnissen der Versuchswerkstoffe näher erläutert.In the following, the invention is explained in more detail by means of tables with the respective chemical composition and the test results of the experimental materials.
In Tabelle 1 ist die chemische Zusammensetzung der Versuchslegierung aufgeführt, wobei der Rest jeweils aus Eisen und erschmelzungsbedingten Verunreinigungen besteht.Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the trial alloy, with the remainder each consisting of iron and impurities caused by melting.
Aus Tabelle 2 sind die jeweiligen Erprobungsergebnisse und eine Bewertungszahl für das Eigenschaftsprofil der Legierung ertnehmbar.From Table 2 the respective test results and an evaluation number for the property profile of the alloy can be found.
Die Bewertungszahl in Tabelle 2, welche die Eigenschaften des Werkstoffes in der Gesamtheit kennzeichnet, wurde derart gebildet dass die Kennzahlen für die plastische Biegebrucharbeit, für die Biegebruchfestigkeit sowie die 0.2% Stauchgrenze jeweils durch 1000, diejenige für den abrasiven Verschleiß durch 10 dividiert und die so gebildeten Kennzahlenwerte miteinander multipliziert wurden.The evaluation number in Table 2, which characterizes the properties of the material in its entirety, was formed by dividing the plastic bending work, the ultimate bending strength and the 0.2% compression limit by 1000, that for abrasive wear by 10, and so on have been multiplied together.
Die Legierungen 1,2 und 10 stellen Legierungen gemäß der Erfindung dar und weisen durchwegs überlegene Einzeleigenschaften auf. Die plastische Biegebrucharbeit dieser Werkstoffe liegt vorteilhaft bei Werten über 2900Nmm.The alloys 1,2 and 10 are alloys according to the invention and have consistently superior individual properties. The plastic bending work of these materials is advantageous at values above 2900Nmm.
Gleiches gilt für die Biegebruchfestigkeit mit jeweils Kennzahlen von über 4500 N/mm2 und für die 0,2% Stauchgrenze mit Werten über 2600 N/mm2. Im Hinblick auf den Einsatz und die Standzeit eines aus derartigen Legierungen gebildeten Werkzeuges ist oftmals der Verschleißwiderstand von besonderer Bedeutung. Die erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffe besitzen, wie aus der Tabelle hervorgeht, einen sehr hohen Verschleißwiderstand.The same applies to the transverse rupture strength with respective characteristic numbers of more than 4500 N / mm 2 and for the 0.2% compression limit with values above 2600 N / mm 2 . With regard to the use and the service life of a tool formed from such alloys, often the wear resistance is of particular importance. The materials of the invention have, as shown in the table, a very high resistance to wear.
Wiewohl die zum Vergleich mit den erfindungsgemäß zusammengesetzten Legierungen herangezogenen, gegebenenfalls ähnliche Elementkonzentrationen aufweisenden Materialien oft hervorragende Einzeleigenschaften aufweisen können, so ist deren Eigenschaftsprofil oft für Beanspruchungen in der modernen Verfahrenstechnik nicht ausreichend ausgebildet. Bei vergleichender Betrachtung der die Werkstoffeigenschaften in ihrer Gesamtheit darstellenden Bewertungskennzahl sind die Vorteile der erfindungsgemäßen Legierungen besonders verdeutlicht.
Claims (5)
- A process for the control, by alloying technology, of the solidification kinetics and matrix composition of carbide-forming metal melts, characterised in that liquid metal, consisting of the following elements in wt.%:
0.6 to 1.7% carbon 0.6 to 1.1% silicon 0.2 to 0.5% manganese 7.0 to 11.0% chromium 2.0 to 3.2% molybdenum up to 1.0% tungsten up to 0.8% nickel 0.5 to 1.5% vanadium 0.4 to 0.65% niobium,
optionally elements of group 4 of the periodic table in a quantity of less than 0.24 wt.%, remainder iron and impurities introduced during manufacture,
is produced and alloyed with aluminium in a concentration of 0.3 to 2.6 wt.% Al as a function of the carbon content and of the content of elements of group 5 of the periodic table of up to 4.6 wt.%, with the proviso that the aluminium content is equal to the carbon content multiplied by the niobium equivalent AN multiplied by the effective range parameter F: - A metallic material, particularly produced by the process according to the foregoing claims, with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness, characterised in that the alloy consists of the following elements, in wt.%:
0.6 to 1.7% carbon 0.6 to 1.1% silicon 0.2 to 0.5% manganese 7.0 to 11.0% chromium 2.0 to 3.2% molybdenum up to 1.0% tungsten up to 0.8% nickel 0.5 to 1.5% vanadium 0.4 to 0.65% niobium, 0.3 to 2.6% aluminium,
optionally elements of group 4 of the periodic table in a quantity of less than 0.24 wt.%,
remainder iron and impurities introduced during manufacture,
and aluminium exhibits a concentration, as a function of the carbon and the vanadium, niobium and tantalum content, according to the formula:
where the value AN or niobium equivalent is formed according to: - A material according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterised in that the content of elements of group 4 of the periodic table is less than 0.1 wt.%.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200030850T SI1052305T1 (en) | 1999-05-10 | 2000-05-09 | Metallic material with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness |
AT00890146T ATE318941T1 (en) | 1999-05-10 | 2000-05-09 | METALLIC MATERIAL WITH HIGH HARDNESS, HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE AND HIGH TOUGHNESS |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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AT84299A AT407648B (en) | 1999-05-10 | 1999-05-10 | METALLIC MATERIAL WITH HIGH HARDNESS, HIGH WEAR RESISTANCE AND HIGH TOUGHNESS |
AT84299 | 1999-05-10 |
Publications (3)
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EP1052305A2 EP1052305A2 (en) | 2000-11-15 |
EP1052305A3 EP1052305A3 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
EP1052305B1 true EP1052305B1 (en) | 2006-03-01 |
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EP20000890146 Expired - Lifetime EP1052305B1 (en) | 1999-05-10 | 2000-05-09 | Metallic material with high hardness, high wear resistance and high toughness |
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Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP1052305B1 (en) |
AT (1) | AT407648B (en) |
DE (1) | DE50012310D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK1052305T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2255967T3 (en) |
HK (1) | HK1034541A1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1052305E (en) |
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CN100396405C (en) * | 2006-02-28 | 2008-06-25 | 天津大学 | Alloy powder capable of producing compression stress in the fused-on layer |
EP4357471A1 (en) * | 2022-10-20 | 2024-04-24 | Höganäs Germany GmbH | Nickel-chrome alloys |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE900466C (en) * | 1943-02-14 | 1953-12-28 | Stahlwerke Bochum A G | Cyanized cutting tools |
GB787951A (en) * | 1953-01-05 | 1957-12-18 | William Jessop And Sons Ltd | Improvements in or relating to alloy steels |
SE8106207L (en) * | 1980-11-10 | 1982-05-11 | Teledyne Ind | SPEEDS AND OTHER TOOLS |
SU1002395A1 (en) * | 1981-10-16 | 1983-03-07 | Предприятие П/Я М-5481 | High speed steel |
SU1342938A2 (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1987-10-07 | Предприятие П/Я М-5481 | High-speed steel |
AT393387B (en) * | 1989-10-23 | 1991-10-10 | Boehler Gmbh | COLD WORK STEEL WITH HIGH PRESSURE STRENGTH AND USE OF THIS STEEL |
US5458703A (en) * | 1991-06-22 | 1995-10-17 | Nippon Koshuha Steel Co., Ltd. | Tool steel production method |
JP2817587B2 (en) * | 1993-09-17 | 1998-10-30 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Wear resistant multi-layer steel pipe for boiler and method for producing the same |
JPH10298710A (en) * | 1997-04-28 | 1998-11-10 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Tool steel for surface modification |
JPH10330894A (en) * | 1997-06-05 | 1998-12-15 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Low alloy high speed tool steel and its production |
EP0903420A3 (en) * | 1997-09-17 | 1999-12-15 | Latrobe Steel Company | Cobalt free high speed steels |
-
1999
- 1999-05-10 AT AT84299A patent/AT407648B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2000
- 2000-05-09 PT PT00890146T patent/PT1052305E/en unknown
- 2000-05-09 EP EP20000890146 patent/EP1052305B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-09 ES ES00890146T patent/ES2255967T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-05-09 DK DK00890146T patent/DK1052305T3/en active
- 2000-05-09 DE DE50012310T patent/DE50012310D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2001
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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HK1034541A1 (en) | 2001-10-26 |
EP1052305A3 (en) | 2002-04-17 |
PT1052305E (en) | 2006-07-31 |
AT407648B (en) | 2001-05-25 |
EP1052305A2 (en) | 2000-11-15 |
DK1052305T3 (en) | 2006-07-03 |
DE50012310D1 (en) | 2006-04-27 |
ATA84299A (en) | 2000-09-15 |
ES2255967T3 (en) | 2006-07-16 |
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